Aircraft Engine Types and Propulsion Systems | How Do They Work?
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- Опубликовано: 27 апр 2024
- In this video, you'll see the different types of engines and propulsion systems used for aircraft, my favorite ones: Turbojet, turboprop, turboshaft, and turbofan. You'll also see the Ramjet engine.
I love the sound of a turbine starting up, the engineering involved, engines and propulsion systems for aircraft in general, and if you're here it's because you love that too. There are many ways an aircraft can be powered and pushed/pulled forward, starting with a conventional propeller aircraft that can be moved using a piston or turboprop engine, at the same time there are other ways like an electric motor, human-powered and even steam.
Content:
0:00 Intro
0:30 Piston Engines
2:38 Rocket Engines
2:45 Jet Engines
4:04 Turbofan
4:24 Turbojet
4:39 Turboprop
5:43 Turboshaft
5:59 Ramjet
7:15 Other Type of Propulsion Systems
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Corrections from Joexer (a subscriber)
1:28 When Running Properly, fuel in an aircraft cylinder engine should not explode; An explosion or detonation is a malfunction and is very damaging to the engine.
1:57 - 2:25 While you are correct about the cooling and aerodynamic aspects there is also a huge aspect of efficiency, ease of manufacturing, maintenance, "ideal conditions", power to weight, fuel and metallurgy technologies and even vibration certainly come into play.
2:29 Maximum speed is not the sole benefit of a different engine technology.
2:32 Rocket engines are actually more efficient in some ways than turbojet engines under the premise of speed per fuel and weight. It is more propulsively efficient because of its light weight and small size for the weight with a propulsive efficiency of about 70%.
2:47 Jet engines is a poor choice of words because a rocket engine is a kind of jet engine. You seem to have conflated it with turbine engine. A Jet engine is any kind of reaction engine, that discharges a fast moving stream of mass to generate thrust. A Rocket engine or even a Pump-jet, as may be found as propulsion on a boat are both jet engines. The aeolipile dating to around 150 BC was also a jet engine. A Turbine engine is merely one such kind of jet engine.
4:01 A Ramjet is not a turbine engine as it does not make use of a turbine for compression
4:32 Modern Fighter Jets do not use Turbojets, they use Low Bypass Turbofans which are the previously mentioned turbofans with less bypass. Its also not very powerful.
6:02 This is not accurate. A ramjet is only like a rocket in the sense that it is a Jet engine. Unlike a rocket a ramjet is airbreathing and uses relative wind to the aircraft to slow and compress the air, then, it adds fuel to and ignites. It cannot function like a rocket and does not have oxidizer. Ramjets also begin producing meaningful thrust around .5 Mach at sea level (384mph)
Also this misses a LOT of huge elements like, maintenance, economic factors (like fuel costs), distance, the mission requirement, aerodynamic drag, the limits on each kind of propulsion, other efficiencies, temperatures, density altitude, manned aviation concerns like pressurization, heat and time for the pilot, also you did not mention Lift, Bernoulli's, Otto cycle (Piston) or Brayton Cycle (Turbines) and perhaps greatest of all, The inevitable tradeoffs that result from anything that expends energy.
one note: explosion is not same as detonation, first is slow, second is fast because fuel falls apart on h an c , and h burns fast and that is detonation, in piston engine is single burn event in jet engine it burns constantly or constant explosion but not detonation, difference between igniting cigarete lighter and spark plug starts burn is cylinder is closed space, cigarete lighter is in open space
"Also this misses a LOT of huge elements like, maintenance, economic factors.."
Question: How is the last point relevant to the topic of discussion aka How do they work.
3:30. #1. A Jet Engine is not at all the same as a Rocket Engine. Like seriously what the hell.
Yes they both produce thrust through Newton's 3rd Law. But that is the end of their similarities. From a engineering standpoint.
A Rocket does it by accelerating Mass. And a Jet Engine does it by pulling Mass through it.
And therefore are very different.!
#2. That's Not called the "Exhaust". It's called the "Power Turbine" section. And it spins the Intake and Compressor Blades. It's literally the whole function of a Jet Engine. But yeah you wouldn't want to get that part right. In a video about Aircraft Propulsion.
And then after the Power Turbine Section. Comes the Exhaust section. Which in most aircraft. The exhaust cavity volume is adjustable. For higher gas compression.
No you didn't particularly need to know that information. But if you are making a video describing it's functionality. You might want to have that in there.
But an otherwise interesting video.
also at 0:55 thisis just wrong. You never built a 4-stroke radial engine with even number of cylinders,
Can you talk about how the Infinite Improbability Drive works?
During the Second World War there was a test aircraft in Switzerland which was powered by a wood gasifier.
It was called AC-4 (HB-USI) and required 34kg of wood per flight hour. 😀
The aircraft still exists today and can be viewed in the Flab & Fliegermuseum in Dübendorf.
haha wow, that's cool as. Never knew about this one thanks!
Ein Holzvergaser-Flugzeug. Also wenn ich mal wieder in der Schweiz bin, dann schaue ich es an.
Leave it to Switzerland to make a plane that leaves a trail of smoke behind it
Environmentalist throwing their hands in the air rn 😂
what about the coal powered german one
The videos are amazing, very interesting and very easy to understand. I wish this video was made 5 years ago, because at that time I had a project about aeronautical technology museum for a college assignment. I think this video can really save my time.
Many thanks!
🔥The presentation just kills it🔥👌🏾
Hi Joyplanes, do you have an institution?
i don’t understand how turbo work where give the energy to rotary the engine please answer me ??
A very interesting type of piston engine used in aircraft for some time was the rotary engine, where the whole engine rotates and the crankshaft remains stationary. The Wankel engine has also been used in aircraft as a proof of concept.
The Pulse jet concept was also used in planes although again not very successfully.
In Archimedes' formulation, the effort arm was equal to the distance from the fulcrum to the applied point of effort and the load arm was equal to the distance from the fulcrum to the center of the load weight. Thus established, the effort multiplied by the length of the effort arm equals the load multiplied by the length of the load arm, which means that the longer the end of the effort, the less force is required to lift the load. Simply put, if you are attempting to lift a particularly heavy stone, it is best to use a longer crowbar and place the fulcrum as close to the stone or load as possible. It sounds the gravity and the rising of the entire universe or the development of cloud modules and shapes and they move in remote virtual paths (without stretches or infrastructures) independently of ionic electricity. Step-by-step logic and gravity need to be applied in mechanical problem solving and equipment design. In doing so, he created the machines that transformed the world and his impact remains powerful today.
During WWII the Germans and Japanese experimented with Pulsejet engines as well but they were mostly used in explosive ordinance. There were some prototypes/ concepts using the Pulsejet and it is pretty interesting. Especially the Japansese Kamikaze jet.
is there a yt video showing the pulsejet engines?
You didn't include the 5th type, the rotary radial, but you showed it on the front of the Sopwith saying they used this for cooling. Rotary-radial engines are quite different from radial engines, and should of had their own part and animation in this video.
Incredible. Thanks for visualization and animations of these engines, since it's much easier to understand that way.
I was wondering for a very long time about all this engine types... Thank you
This one is way more informative than I had thought. Thanks for greater understanding.
The best video I have ever seen about aircraft propulsion system. Interesting, simple, easy to understand and concised yet detailed information.
i don’t understand how turbo work where give the energy to rotary the engine please answer me ???
very well organised and explained, love it. learned a lot, tnx dude! waiting for more educational content like this from you. cheers 🖖 by the way you made all this engine animations yourself?
Just the animations and drawings. The 3D models are gathered from different sources.
@@Joyplanes Which engines forgot to mention: gyrodine. And, of course, the nuclear air engine. In the future, nuclear batteries, RTGS, will allow for a flight without landing for a year or longer, for unmanned vehicles. Compact atomic reactors based on molybdenum crystals are currently being developed in Russia. I've seen photos, it's the size of a household refrigerator. But such nuclear reactors will most likely be used for an atomic planetship, which is currently being designed by the Khrunichev Bureau. Nuclear reactors have already been successfully put on a hypersonic rocket, which will allow the rocket to make a suborbital flight and reach anywhere on the planet, without a chance for air defense. Such things.🙂
Well explained and well documented. Keep it up 👍
I like how simple it is and easy to understand all in all.. tho willnyou ever make a video on variable cycle engines? They're not a common sight but basically they can change from turbofans to turbojets on the go, mostly prototypes for fighter jets
thank you for the explanation, the explanation is very easy to understand and the animation is very good. I as a teaching teacher about aircraft have been greatly helped by the videos that you and your team made, I hope you and your team will continue to work for the world of education. let me also download and make teaching materials for my students. thank you
Thank you very much for the Chinese subtitles, which has greatly helped the group with poor English and the high-quality popular science of aircraft engines!
There is also the pulsejet, like the one used in the German V1 during WWII. Basically it is a tube with a self-resonant combustion chamber.
Concerning the SR-71, at speeds above Mach 2.5, the spikes on the front of engine intake retract reducing airflow into the compressor and diverting it around to the exhaust where the afterburner ignites the fuel with it. I believe the process is gradual to prevent a flameout. At maximum speed the engines are operating as ramjets.
This video is very helpful. Thanks a lot. Can you please make a video which includes the questions that mostly asked during interview for an aircraft technican. I mean technical interview questions. That will be a great help for a lot of people.
Very nice video, fun, easy to follow, very interesting and information. This mans underrated.
Much appreciated!
I wanted to shout out the propfan: an experimental engine that could be described as a cross between a turbo fan and a turbo prop. It looked like a jet engine with propellers attached to the back. They ran a few experiments, but the advantages never emerged, and it was extremely loud.
I agree totally. There were several reasons (not only good ones) that this technology didn´t come to life up to this day. It was developped in the late 80s and early 90s much in order to save fuel and was successfully testet. I think they turned it down because it would have remind the people to much of a propeller...anyway in the mean time the so called "jet-engine" became bigger and bigger because of the augmented bypass and I don´t know how long this can go further and further by calling the result a jet-engine.
The prop fan has a lot of disadvantages because the airflow over the blades must be supersonic and that creates a lot of noise as well as losses that can’t be recaptured like a ducted fan.
A quick note: the turbine section is generally considered a stage of a turbojet engine. Same with an afterburner if equipped.
These "Turvo"prop engines are awesome!
Great video, breathtaking animation! Thanks a lot.
One note about the turbojet / turbofan. Turbojets on mil aircraft were phased out in the 50s / 60s. All modern fighters use turbofan engines, just with different bypass ratios than the ones used on big planes.
i don’t understand how turbo work where give the energy to rotary the engine please answer me ??
Great stuff ! The steam plane really was a surprise !
@Joyplanes how did you great it
Tanks for the simple explanations!
Would be awesome if you could make a Video only for the scram-jet-system.
There are only a few ones on YT and they haven’t really good animations.
Orin
Beautiful explanation! 💯
Appreciate it!
Excellent explanation 👏 please do more videos on aeroplane parts 🥰
Thank you
Would’ve been nice to include how some of these engines start. Especially the jet engine.
I can imagine they start with an electric motor to start intake air, then a fuel rich initial combustion then as it speeds up gets more air and then the optimal fuel-air mixture combustion.
Great video! thanks for sharing! I would like to ask you, what software did you use to make this animation? I would appreciate it if you could answer!
Thank you, this is very educational.
You're very welcome
good vid, u should ve talked a little more about ion propulsion, its really interesting from what I ve seen.
the video was so good 💯💯 , i was looking for this kind of video only for my research works . loved it thank you very much for this video pls make more video like this .
Beautiful 🎉🎉
This is the best explained cylinder engine motor vid
I have only a 1: 4 Scale Corsair, but the Radial with 250ccm - what a Amazing Sound ! ( want to build the Black-Bird out of carbon.. 1: 5 Scale! Great Video thx !!! 👍🏼🇦🇹✌🏼
Very nice presentation, and informative for engineer's.
Excellent Video - very well explained.
damn well explained as always
Love this video
Detailed, good explained
Perfect
Great video! Very well put together.
Great content as always
Appreciate it!
One of the most beautiful video that I've ever seen
Very useful. Easy to understand video. Thank you!
thank you needed this making me self a rc with an good plane prop engine
Very informative
You are missing Deltic engines used by German Reconn a/c during WW2 (Jumo 233) --as well as RRs and submaringes
Nathan Price developed an axial flow gas turbine (J-37 - likely in 1937) beginning with a steam turbine, then adapting to kerosene.
He also developed turbochargers to improve piston engines, and saw how a simplified diagram of a turbo charged piston engine can be easily simplified by removing the pistons.
I have a glider with a Wankel rotary engine, ASH 31 Mi, which is selflaunching.Works great! 😄
This is really well done.
There are also 2 subcategories of turbojet engines; the ones that uses axial compressors and the ones that uses centrifugal compressors(centrifugal is still used on small turboprops or on turboshafts-one of my my favourites centrifugal engine is Rolls-Royce NeNe Mk10 used on T33 military aircraft)
Thank you for mentioning this. Saved me the trouble of more-clumsily trying to say it myself.
Thanks for this 🤝
In the piston engines you show a radial in the animation the engine in the biplanes shown flying is a rotary engine.
Thank you!
I want to become an aircraft mechanic and this is a great video!
One type that is used or was used is the pulsejet engines. They may still be used on model planes but they are very loud and the fuel consumption is very high. They powered the German V1's. Also, in model aircraft, there are ducted fan powered by internal combustion engines or electric motors.
Amazing explanation learnt a lot thankyou bro
Would’ve been very interesting to see the pulsewave detonation engine
Excellent bien que très rapide donc très général (au point de contenir quelques erreurs de simplifications).
Les sous-titres en français sont disponibles (il faut les activer.)
Stupendous video, you should have mentioned the scram jet
The ion propulsion is not that new we use it in satellites for decades but we cannot use it in our atmosphere that is the new nice job that you mentioned it and great video :)
Regading your engine configuration, while the „opposed“ piston engine or flat-engine has two pistons that simutaniously combust the one you showed is technically a 180° V-type.. but enough wining.. the animation is really nice!!
1:10 here is it correct in the animation :-)
0:50 this is a 180 degree V-engine.
Belle présentation simple ,concise ,et instructive. Merci
Very interesting video. I like it. Profesionally. Maybe w/GPL combustion. hybrid, nuclear, etc.
Fantastic video, very well done
Very informative video thanks.
Thanks for the illustrative presentation.I gained a lot from your video
Thanks!
Thank you! I really appreciate your support.
Excellent 3D presentation. A sub and like for that.
Thank you soo much sir for your great informmation.
شكرا جزيلا.. بارك الله فيكم 😇🌸👍
If you do have information, I'd like to hear about Pulse, Rotational and Oblique detonation engines
I guess the most powerful and efficient engine in the world is motivation of Human. Your video is the best fuel.
Am very impressed...Thanks bro
Great video
Thank you so much
Amazing.thnx so much.i really enjy and like this video.i love to watch new advancement in aviation technology.
Awesome video!
Glad you enjoyed it
love it💕
Thanks for this information , I wish successful for you forever ❤️
Great clearification
I learn something useful today,
Thanks For share Knowlege in Sample words.
I in engines you didn't mention, there is the pulse detonating engine. I think that one counts as different from the rest.
Very informative.
Thanks for video.
You have pulse jet engine as in german V1 .
wonderful video thank you
WOW SIR, THANK YOU SO MUCH. I GUESS THAT YOU MAY NOT BE FROM AMERICA OR THE UK (THE ACCENT). IT HELPS US TO UNDERSTAND, AS WE ARE INVOLVED IN HELPING PEOPLE AND NATIONS EVERYWHERE.
Very interesting video. Well done!
Would have liked you to include a comment about the ducted fan propulsion. Or the blade less fan propulsion.
Please make a video of how we csn make glider parts at home love you ☺️
thanks for the nice and interesting video clip !
The images and information are great.
Super explanation 😃
very good i enjoyed watching would like to see more
Amazing video!!
Thanks For your very good video and helpful
You are welcome
Omw.. Could you please do those propfan engines. They r relatively old technology but i remember seeing an article about safran and GE further developing them.
The fuel/air mixture does not "explode", it burns, at a rate of 26000 FPS. The reciprocating engines on aircraft are very light weight
I know that Prop-Fan engines are not not widely used as a propulsion system, but they exist as a technology and imho they also deserve to be mentioned.
2:15 you were talking about radial engines but the animation shows a rotaty piston engine. both are commondly aircooled but rotaries and radials are different
Thanks
Ok