I'm very interested in this product you have recreated. The excitement I have watching you do your thing just keeps me coming back for more. [LOL] It's like I'm reading your book, you being the main character. Your book has it all. Sci-Fi, Romance, Mad Scientist. The passion you have tells me your content with your life. This is very rare indeed.
I was doing virtually the same experiment last night with the ink buffing but with a twist. I applied a current, much like the heat matt concept, to see if I could 'alighn' the carbon ink. My thought is to then "cook" the zinc oxide to the carbon with a sheet of aliminum on top. Stand clear mad scientist at work. Will post a video on the results.
Hi sir, We are manufacturing conductive and super conducative carbon black We have suitable application for ink.. If you interested let me know and we can provide sample also Kbabu@continentalcarbonindia.com
I know this is old, but it would be interesting to see some electron microscope images. I presume the conductive particles are graphite/graphene. So I wonder whether burnishing just pushes the particles closer together, or whether they join up molecularly to produce larger graphite/graphene particles. If they do join molecularly after burnishing, then it should be extremely robust, allowing smaller bend radii on a flexible substrate.
Hi Robert, I just finished paste waxing my first .2/.4 ohm range graphenite mixture across an 8.5 x 11 inch sheet of high gloss office copy paper. Really tickled about that and had to tell someone. Don't want to use that one in any projects just yet. Might think about framing it LOL!
Which method did you use to make the conductive ink which you sent out Robert? I mean the non waterproof stuff that I have. Which of your videos is closest? Made another 3 swag sheets today, and they are doing great! Just bought 30 more acetate sheets to try some different shapes and ideas.
I take it you are running short of ink then lol - just email me your address and i'll send you some mate - but i am off to the states for a week so it iwll be after taht
Robert Murray-Smith Nah, I'm good for the next week for sure! I still have more than 3 quarters left. I'll definitely be in touch when I do though mate! I think that pot you sold me was well filled, and I'm only using it for very thin layers
Blimey, the Murrey-Machine doesn't stop! Dunno if anyone else agrees but I'm quite interested in how to make a comfortable and efficient space for creative thought and for getting things done (ex chef and current food scientist here!) and would love a tour of your bat-cave.
Hey Robert the water based conductive ink dissolves in a copper plating solution.. Cant do copper plating in a container. Will try manual coating with a sponge.
better if you use the waterproof ink mate - that's what it is meant for - I had reports that the waterbased stuff was ok with absorbent materials like leather but not plactics and remember to wash your thing in acetone or IPA before coating to remove the grease
Wow. By the way you can get an inexpensive slip roll 3-1 brake, shear, slip roll 32 inches I think for under $400 less with a coupon from harbour freight. Only does up to 18 gauge but should be fine for what you need, and you can always modify it. If you desire ultra high pressures I would be willing to put together a hydraulic slip role for just the material costs. I had tried my hand at pyrolytic graphite some time back and the difficulty in getting the high temperature along with the brittleness and such had me move in another direction. Even looked at 6H SiC for a time but then its a large perfect crystal that is hard to get. Many may not get what a big deal this is, but I am having to pick my jaw up off from the floor. It's one thing to get a lab result, it is quite another to get a lab result which can be manufactured such that the lab result is repeatable in the field easily.
Might be interesting to try a non ferrous metal which can be welded with pressure, in combination with patterns of graphene layered on different sheets of the metal. In such a case the welded metal have the strength of a solid but they have the holes the size of the ink line of your pattern. For Al you need 5K PSI per inch. As you know you can lower it somewhat and elevate the temperature to just below its melt line. It would enable heat exchangers that are ever more compact and efficient. For others who are following our conversation these type of heat exchangers are known as printed circuit board heat exchangers, and the welding process is known as diffusion bonding.
Here are some resources for those people interested in printed circuit board heat exchangers. www.academia.edu/3641995/Selection_and_Use_of_Printed_Circuit_Heat_Exchangers www.chemkb.com/equipments/heat-exchangers/printed-circuit-heat-exchanger-pche/ www.inl.gov/technicalpublications/documents/4731815.pdf And there is an article on science direct if you google. Also look into tesla valves when designing as it offers some unique ways to build such heat exchangers.
Would this ink be more effective with the monotherm than the previously used one? I haven't done these experiments myself due to expense, so thank you for sharing so much. By the way, I think your ink's conductivity beats the best Vorbeck ink (4 ohm) now. This is really exciting.
I have a friend who has done some special testing in process conditions he tells me he has got the ink down to 120 milliohms - that's better than some silver inks lol. He is sending the report through so i can see exactly what he did - This ink targets conductivity - i don't think it will work with the monotherm as the current conductive ink has some very peculiar properties due to it's nanostructure - but i will try it
Mr. Smith you are amazing, and the best trait you carry is that you love to teach! thank you for your videos. I was wondering if you had the exact formula to make this conductive ink? i know you made a video showing the graphene ink, but im interested in electroplating this ink. i do 3d printing and would love to make you something as well in return for all this information we can talk offline if you'd like. thanks again
Hi Robert, I have a question about your method of converting the conductivity of your sample to a 1 mil equivalent. Is this thicker three dimensional ink like having a bunch of series-parallel resistors and then dividing the measured resistance of the 3 dimensional resistive network by the number of parallel resistors to get the series resistance? Keep up the good work. Cheers!
Mr Smith. Have you tried using Mylar film? You also may have very good results using a slip roll to compress the dried Ink. You might achieve four microns or less. Just a though. Keep it coming. LOL
it's a good thought - i will try it - normally I only try things that I think the average home experimenter can replicate but this is quite exciting lol
My original interest in graphene was driven by my life long interest in hifi and how the smallest changes to cables, speaker, between digital /audio converters and pre amp input stage. I had oft wondered how a graphene coated cable would sound.....wellll....now here you are making this even lower resistance version and iI am reviving my thought perhaps it can coat a copper cable(or silver) and be passed through an annealing set of rollers and finally powder coated ....now that would be interesting. thanks....keep it up
Im fairly new to working with electronics as far as building my own circuits and boards. I'm much more of a wood worker. I was wondering, would this work well if I used your ink to draw a circuit onto sealed wood? I'm assuming it would have to be sealed with shellac or the like to prevent absorption into the wood. I'm very interested at mixing my two hobbies together for some interesting designs. Thanks in advance.
Hi Robert, I see you are using a 2-wire meter rather than a 4-wire meter for the resistance measurement. whenever I use my ordinary fluke 75 there appears to be a residual / inherent resistance of 2 - 3 ohms when I do a probe-tip to probe-tip test. If your meter is anything like mine, the 4.5 ohm would be halved. Is this significant for calculation purposes?
If I have a saturated solution of copper sulfate pentahydrate (4 liters) and second saturated solution Ascorbic Acid (4 liters). What is the mix ration to make copper powder?
Great video! You are really getting close to a super low resistance graphene sheet! I was wondering how you went about getting this superconductive ink? Whats the recipe? Keep up the good work!!
Robert Murray-Smith yeah I was wondering what you did differently compared to your previous inks, apart from annealing it after drying, to increase the conductivity of the ink? Thanks
Robert Murray-Smith thanks mate I appreciate it. I have been following along and making some ink and this is where stuff breaks for me. Trouble is I really don't know what the quality of the graphene I am producing is and I am not sure I have my graphene to binder ratio or recipe correct yet.
Could you made a condutive glue that could replace soldering for prototype creation? I realize that paint can be used as a weak glue, but perhaps something gluier could be produced.
Hi, I'm not too great with electricity and stuff, but I was wondering, could you draw some sort of circuit on a wall with this and have it work (more in an arty/FUN sense than a practical sense!) Could make an interesting project...
Since it says carbon( and not graphene), my guess is you used graphite? Apart from graphene it's the carbon with highest conductivity as far as I know.
+Robert Murray-Smith yes indeed. Graphene is a bit out of my reach currently(non-technical reasons, time and money for research mostly), and since my goal is an extremely low cost ink graphite looks really attractive. For whatever reasons my ink prints very well(I'll upload pics soon) but with a paint brush it's really terrible. It paints like really dry paint and just doesn't soak into the brush, inspite of being water based. Is it possible particle size of the graphite is to blame? Sorry to be asking so many questions.
How right you were! I added some surfactant and it works great now! Thanks a lot. Btw I've had some success recently with a heat treatable copper inkjet ink- it's still in the development phases but there definitely is copper. I can't seem to get the copper salt concentration high enough for a proper conductive track yet, but I'll get there hopefully.
+Robert Murray-Smith And it's very nice of you I had bought some "conductive Silver" from Jaycar an Australian mob that sells this kind of things but there were no instruction on the little package that contained only a small vial of it with its chemical component. So searched youtube for more. This morning a mate of mine actually tells me that what works for him is simply use a lead pencil and use it on both surface of the remote contacts! Someone else mixes the graphite with alcohol. My conductive silver kind of works but I was expected it to be even more sensitive...We'll see
I have a question for you, In what method that you have tried do you reckon you have gotten the largest and purest graphene nanosheets? I need them in the 800~2k AMU's. IDK what other units to put that in. Then I need to figure out a way to isolate them by shape. possibly steal an enzyme from some bacteria or plant or such and use that eh? I'm after early nanocircuitry. at that distance I should be safe making a transistor I think. If Im lucky I might design some standardized parts for constructing artificial enzymes in the process.
Have you tried this? 2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS Commercially available refined sunflower oil without anyfurther purification was selected for this study. A cottonwick was coated with iron acetylacetonate [Fe(AcAc)3] bydipping in its solution for about 10 hours, followed byits drying in air. The coated wick was allowed to burn inan earthen lamp, filled with sunflower oil, under restrictedair supply. An earthen disc was placed above the flame tocollect emitted carbon materials in the form of soot. When a sufficient amount of carbon materials was collected, the experiment was terminated.
I don't know how to make Iron Acetylacetonate, but hopefully this place will approve my order and I'll have some next week. I'll make a video and show you my results.
FYI, the process I asked about is different than how that guy does it in the videos I sent. Know where I can get some Perchloric Acid. Apparently that's what he used.
I'm very interested in this product you have recreated. The excitement I have watching you do your thing just keeps me coming back for more. [LOL] It's like I'm reading your book, you being the main character. Your book has it all. Sci-Fi, Romance, Mad Scientist. The passion you have tells me your content with your life. This is very rare indeed.
lol - i certainly love what i do mate and i am pretty happy with what i am too - when this ink is finished i aiming for less than an ohm per mil
I was doing virtually the same experiment last night with the ink buffing but with a twist. I applied a current, much like the heat matt concept, to see if I could 'alighn' the carbon ink. My thought is to then "cook" the zinc oxide to the carbon with a sheet of aliminum on top. Stand clear mad scientist at work. Will post a video on the results.
I want to see it - so do!
Hi sir,
We are manufacturing conductive and super conducative carbon black
We have suitable application for ink..
If you interested let me know and we can provide sample also
Kbabu@continentalcarbonindia.com
I know this is old, but it would be interesting to see some electron microscope images. I presume the conductive particles are graphite/graphene. So I wonder whether burnishing just pushes the particles closer together, or whether they join up molecularly to produce larger graphite/graphene particles. If they do join molecularly after burnishing, then it should be extremely robust, allowing smaller bend radii on a flexible substrate.
Hi Robert, I just finished paste waxing my first .2/.4 ohm range graphenite mixture across an 8.5 x 11 inch sheet of high gloss office copy paper. Really tickled about that and had to tell someone. Don't want to use that one in any projects just yet. Might think about framing it LOL!
love your work and your ability to present and teach. Im sure the world will be inspired to create based on your platform of research
+Travis Clayton cheers mate
Congratulations, Robert! I aspire to follow in your footsteps. No breakthroughs yet but I'm trying.
God bless mate - they will come
Which method did you use to make the conductive ink which you sent out Robert? I mean the non waterproof stuff that I have. Which of your videos is closest?
Made another 3 swag sheets today, and they are doing great! Just bought 30 more acetate sheets to try some different shapes and ideas.
I take it you are running short of ink then lol - just email me your address and i'll send you some mate - but i am off to the states for a week so it iwll be after taht
Robert Murray-Smith Nah, I'm good for the next week for sure! I still have more than 3 quarters left. I'll definitely be in touch when I do though mate! I think that pot you sold me was well filled, and I'm only using it for very thin layers
MrSkypelessons
that's cool mate - you are doing some good stuff and happy to help where i can
Blimey, the Murrey-Machine doesn't stop! Dunno if anyone else agrees but I'm quite interested in how to make a comfortable and efficient space for creative thought and for getting things done (ex chef and current food scientist here!) and would love a tour of your bat-cave.
No worries mate
Hey Robert the water based conductive ink dissolves in a copper plating solution.. Cant do copper plating in a container. Will try manual coating with a sponge.
better if you use the waterproof ink mate - that's what it is meant for - I had reports that the waterbased stuff was ok with absorbent materials like leather but not plactics and remember to wash your thing in acetone or IPA before coating to remove the grease
Robert Thanks for the interesting video. I have a question. Can this ink be used in an InkJet Printer?
You are inspiring sir. I've been watching your videos about conductive inks and graphene making and I wish I could achieve that low resistance too. :)
Chrisean Adolfo keep at it mate - you'll get there
Wow. By the way you can get an inexpensive slip roll 3-1 brake, shear, slip roll 32 inches I think for under $400 less with a coupon from harbour freight. Only does up to 18 gauge but should be fine for what you need, and you can always modify it. If you desire ultra high pressures I would be willing to put together a hydraulic slip role for just the material costs. I had tried my hand at pyrolytic graphite some time back and the difficulty in getting the high temperature along with the brittleness and such had me move in another direction. Even looked at 6H SiC for a time but then its a large perfect crystal that is hard to get. Many may not get what a big deal this is, but I am having to pick my jaw up off from the floor. It's one thing to get a lab result, it is quite another to get a lab result which can be manufactured such that the lab result is repeatable in the field easily.
I do sometimes wonder if people get it lol - I will get round to a brake as I need it to really test some stuff I am doing.
Might be interesting to try a non ferrous metal which can be welded with pressure, in combination with patterns of graphene layered on different sheets of the metal. In such a case the welded metal have the strength of a solid but they have the holes the size of the ink line of your pattern. For Al you need 5K PSI per inch. As you know you can lower it somewhat and elevate the temperature to just below its melt line. It would enable heat exchangers that are ever more compact and efficient. For others who are following our conversation these type of heat exchangers are known as printed circuit board heat exchangers, and the welding process is known as diffusion bonding.
Here are some resources for those people interested in printed circuit board heat exchangers.
www.academia.edu/3641995/Selection_and_Use_of_Printed_Circuit_Heat_Exchangers
www.chemkb.com/equipments/heat-exchangers/printed-circuit-heat-exchanger-pche/
www.inl.gov/technicalpublications/documents/4731815.pdf
And there is an article on science direct if you google. Also look into tesla valves when designing as it offers some unique ways to build such heat exchangers.
now i have to get up to speed lol
Kimberly Peacock
nice idea
Would this ink be more effective with the monotherm than the previously used one? I haven't done these experiments myself due to expense, so thank you for sharing so much. By the way, I think your ink's conductivity beats the best Vorbeck ink (4 ohm) now. This is really exciting.
I have a friend who has done some special testing in process conditions he tells me he has got the ink down to 120 milliohms - that's better than some silver inks lol. He is sending the report through so i can see exactly what he did - This ink targets conductivity - i don't think it will work with the monotherm as the current conductive ink has some very peculiar properties due to it's nanostructure - but i will try it
Mr. Smith you are amazing, and the best trait you carry is that you love to teach! thank you for your videos. I was wondering if you had the exact formula to make this conductive ink? i know you made a video showing the graphene ink, but im interested in electroplating this ink. i do 3d printing and would love to make you something as well in return for all this information we can talk offline if you'd like. thanks again
Jose Velazquez no mate i am afraid i don't have the exact formula - but thanks for your interest
Hello Mr. Robert, have you ever repaired a potentiometer carbon track? I need to repair one, and I am looking for products to repair the damage track.
Hi Robert, I have a question about your method of converting the conductivity of your sample to a 1 mil equivalent. Is this thicker three dimensional ink like having a bunch of series-parallel resistors and then dividing the measured resistance of the 3 dimensional resistive network by the number of parallel resistors to get the series resistance? Keep up the good work. Cheers!
+Inspironator no mate - the material has a bulk resistivity that is directly proportional
Too absorb RF energy does the resistivity have a big effect maybe at different frequency's. We do not want reflections to occur?.
Great video Robert. Question are you saying Swipe Properties at 05:40, what is this in reference too? Cheers. :)
Mr Smith. Have you tried using Mylar film? You also may have very good results using a slip roll to compress the dried Ink. You might achieve four microns or less. Just a though. Keep it coming. LOL
it's a good thought - i will try it - normally I only try things that I think the average home experimenter can replicate but this is quite exciting lol
My original interest in graphene was driven by my life long interest in hifi and how the smallest changes to cables, speaker, between digital /audio converters and pre amp input stage. I had oft wondered how a graphene coated cable would sound.....wellll....now here you are making this even lower resistance version and iI am reviving my thought perhaps it can coat a copper cable(or silver) and be passed through an annealing set of rollers and finally powder coated ....now that would be interesting. thanks....keep it up
cheers mate - i started this looking for a good conductive ink - about 2 years ago lol
Congratulations Robert, you've got 100K subscribers now. :)
Im fairly new to working with electronics as far as building my own circuits and boards. I'm much more of a wood worker. I was wondering, would this work well if I used your ink to draw a circuit onto sealed wood? I'm assuming it would have to be sealed with shellac or the like to prevent absorption into the wood. I'm very interested at mixing my two hobbies together for some interesting designs. Thanks in advance.
guardianPO I think it would certainly work mate
Hi Robert. Do you sell this ink? If not, are there some tips you can give for making it?Cheers
Is the silver (halide) on photographic film also conductive? (just a thought...).. could a roll of Agfa film be turned into a capacitor??? (JFF)
Hi Robert, I see you are using a 2-wire meter rather than a 4-wire meter for the resistance measurement. whenever I use my ordinary fluke 75 there appears to be a residual / inherent resistance of 2 - 3 ohms when I do a probe-tip to probe-tip test.
If your meter is anything like mine, the 4.5 ohm would be halved. Is this significant for calculation purposes?
yes
What is the name of the machine you use to measure electric current and ohms?
If I have a saturated solution of copper sulfate pentahydrate (4 liters) and second saturated solution Ascorbic Acid (4 liters). What is the mix ration to make copper powder?
Great video! You are really getting close to a super low resistance graphene sheet! I was wondering how you went about getting this superconductive ink? Whats the recipe? Keep up the good work!!
thanks mate - it's a graphene ink
Robert Murray-Smith yeah I was wondering what you did differently compared to your previous inks, apart from annealing it after drying, to increase the conductivity of the ink? Thanks
Very interesting. Is it water proof ?
Bartosz Barejko no sorry it isn't
Hi Robert, Have you tried to print very fine tracks with your super conductive ink in
i will do it mate
Robert Murray-Smith
thanks mate I appreciate it. I have been following along and making some ink and this is where stuff breaks for me. Trouble is I really don't know what the quality of the graphene I am producing is and I am not sure I have my graphene to binder ratio or recipe correct yet.
Hello Robert - can you please share the name of thickness measurement device. Thanks
Could you made a condutive glue that could replace soldering for prototype creation? I realize that paint can be used as a weak glue, but perhaps something gluier could be produced.
it is indeed very possible
What type of carbon did you use in this experiment?
Hi, I'm not too great with electricity and stuff, but I was wondering, could you draw some sort of circuit on a wall with this and have it work (more in an arty/FUN sense than a practical sense!) Could make an interesting project...
absolutely
Robert Murray-Smith
I may look into using it with an arduino, I'm not sure what for yet. This stuff excites me a lot. :P
It is exciting stuff and there are a ton of things to do with it
Perhaps a 3-D printers could start layimg custom circuits out with the ink?
I don't see why not
Is the pressure of annealing realigning the carbon atoms to resemble graphene? Or does it become graphene?
it's just pushing it closer mate
Do you have a video on how to make that ink or is it a secret blend?
Spectacular!
cheers mate
Thank you.
Hello sir I am a big fan of your invention but how to make a graphene inc
Ink
your accent is magnificent
thank you lol
I need some of this!
it's not available yet lol
The ancient people used this that's why they can't find old technology the only thing are the Bagdad batteries and wood boards
Since it says carbon( and not graphene), my guess is you used graphite? Apart from graphene it's the carbon with highest conductivity as far as I know.
i use graphene a lot mate - but you know that
+Robert Murray-Smith yes indeed. Graphene is a bit out of my reach currently(non-technical reasons, time and money for research mostly), and since my goal is an extremely low cost ink graphite looks really attractive. For whatever reasons my ink prints very well(I'll upload pics soon) but with a paint brush it's really terrible. It paints like really dry paint and just doesn't soak into the brush, inspite of being water based. Is it possible particle size of the graphite is to blame? Sorry to be asking so many questions.
no worries mate - it'll be due to the wetting properties
How right you were! I added some surfactant and it works great now! Thanks a lot. Btw I've had some success recently with a heat treatable copper inkjet ink- it's still in the development phases but there definitely is copper. I can't seem to get the copper salt concentration high enough for a proper conductive track yet, but I'll get there hopefully.
you could always try complexing it - say ammonia or maybe triethanolamine
But this is not water proof right
"ampacity" could be increased via conventional DIY electroplating...
Ever thought of making a laser toner with this stuff and literally printing circuit boards!
to be honest - no I haven't - interesting idea - cheers mate
with a CES printer system this is very possible depending on the viscosity of the fluid!
Jose Velazquez what is a CES printer?
Perhaps good work, but for me and my below par hearing it's a little to muddled and fast, But I'm glad others found it very good
+meeekstube sorry you found it hard to follow mate
+Robert Murray-Smith
No worries, got to work on Australian accent, only joking and that was a quick reply!
+meeekstube i always try to reply to my comments mate
+Robert Murray-Smith And it's very nice of you
I had bought some "conductive Silver" from Jaycar an Australian mob that sells this kind of things but there were no instruction on the little package that contained only a small vial of it with its chemical component. So searched youtube for more.
This morning a mate of mine actually tells me that what works for him is simply use a lead pencil and use it on both surface of the remote contacts! Someone else mixes the graphite with alcohol.
My conductive silver kind of works but I was expected it to be even more sensitive...We'll see
+meeekstube for cost benefit i don't think you are going to beat graphite mate - for performance silver is best but the price is high
Hum… loading wing facing edge differential…
Reply kindly
how about using this to draw a circuit from your modem across the wall to your computer so you dont need wifi or an ethernet cable?
that would work well
I have a question for you, In what method that you have tried do you reckon you have gotten the largest and purest graphene nanosheets? I need them in the 800~2k AMU's. IDK what other units to put that in. Then I need to figure out a way to isolate them by shape. possibly steal an enzyme from some bacteria or plant or such and use that eh?
I'm after early nanocircuitry. at that distance I should be safe making a transistor I think. If Im lucky I might design some standardized parts for constructing artificial enzymes in the process.
I am almost always optimistic about these things, can you tell?
by amu do yo mean atomic mass unit?
Keegan Maloney
it does seem ambitious but without ambition where would we be lol
Robert Murray-Smith Yes. what would be the right way to define the size of a molecule? longest and shortest points across in μm?
for graphene nanometers
Wouldn't it qualify for a super capacitor
I suppose - i never tried it
1.62 is very impressive.
thanks mate - but i think it can be got better
Have purchased ink from you shop dont if it the right one soon see 😎
Super conducive? I’d like to see you try to float a magnet on it hahaha
Funny... I have the same multimeter...
Just empty pens with felt tips and fiber insert just like normal felt pen
Have you tried this?
2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
Commercially available refined sunflower oil without anyfurther purification was selected for this study. A cottonwick was coated with iron acetylacetonate [Fe(AcAc)3] bydipping in its solution for about 10 hours, followed byits drying in air. The coated wick was allowed to burn inan earthen lamp, filled with sunflower oil, under restrictedair supply. An earthen disc was placed above the flame tocollect emitted carbon materials in the form of soot. When a sufficient amount of carbon materials was collected, the experiment was terminated.
no mate i haven't - have you?
No, but I'm thinking about it. watch?v=zysGaSyn6jk
Here's another video of it. watch?v=t5qLfHLyQKo
I don't know how to make Iron Acetylacetonate, but hopefully this place will approve my order and I'll have some next week. I'll make a video and show you my results.
FYI, the process I asked about is different than how that guy does it in the videos I sent. Know where I can get some Perchloric Acid. Apparently that's what he used.
Do you sell the super conductive ink?
no mate
Whats the name of the bench clamp tool he's using @ 1:30 ?
it's a toggle clamp mate
how did you make this one???
follow the ink making videos and experiment mate - it's what I did
Do you have any patreon account??
Wow...
how made ????
see other videos
Why would u put out an entire video describing a fn ink that you don't show how to make or obtain!!???👎