Why Rocket Exhausts Look The Way They Do
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- Опубликовано: 31 авг 2018
- Why does the exhaust from the Space shuttle boosters & engines look completely different? There's a huge variety in the appearance of rocket exhausts because different fuels, different technologies and different environments make them behave in a different manner.
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11 minute lecture on rocket exhaust to start my Saturday? Yes please.
11 minute lecture on rocket exhaust to end my Saturday? Yes please.
Nice
Damnit Scott, I could watch a 6 hour documentary about this stuff if you were to do it!
You want him to make an, ahem, exhaustive documentary?
I think that Scott should work for SpaceX.
TheJimtanker, well, they need low level programming for real time systems, so I guess he'd be very fitting
They also need people who can communicate complex scientific concepts in a way that more people can not only understand but relate to. Not sure if you understand this but people can have more than one talent. Maybe not you, but many people do.
i'd run out of popcorn!
"Who doesn't like the Saturn 5?"- Scott Manley
The Soviets
Niet
@@tarnvedra9952 Russians were using people from same place, only Americans got better ones.
+randomnickify Question was about Saturn V. Seems like you are saying that benefiting from mass murder and pardoning criminals to serve your purpose is OK if others do it as well.
funny stuff
I think most Soviet rocket engineers admired the Saturn V, even if they didn't admit it. Heck, the N1 has fans around the world, and it never even worked right.
One of the current rocket companies looking to generate positive PR should pay Scott a fortune to do their broadcasts of launches. If Scott had full unrestricted access, complete artistic license, and he interspersed the kinds of material he creates all the time within an actual launch broadcast, I imagine there could be broad spectrum main stream appeal. In fact, I bet Scott could completely disrupt the market through the exponential increase in public exposure. Obviously there is a large potential audience interested in launches given the volume of viewers watching SpaceX launches. If Scott was handed a ×4-×5+ pay raise, and a small production crew, this would crush YT, and would probably wind up getting licensed for broadcast through corporate media. Imagine if launches were like small sporting events with corporations biding for broadcast rights instead of a PR department/company leaning on an expense account.
I'd tune in to watch.
-Jake
Screen separated in the middle; on the left actual rocket launch, on the right Scott with a beer launching as-close-as-possible copy of the rocket in modded KSP. "Hullo there, this is Scott Manley, and hopefully guys on the left won't crash as hard as I will" :D
I agree. This guy's appeal goes WAAAY beyond RUclips. Elon Musk should hire him to do all of SpaceX's launch commentary/news updates/PR stuff. If you like rocket launches, space stuff, fire, and loud noises, you get on YT and watch his videos like everyone else. He's coming up to a million subscribers, and I guarantee his channel has the most "loyallty" of any fact/science based YT channel out there. I wish I could throw him a party when he gets to 1m subs.
NASA or ESA should hire him. They need (and deserve) every bit of PR they can get, unlike SpaceX.
6:06 that Russian stealth payload fairing! You can’t hide the truth... unless it’s invisible!
Stealth? Pretty sure they're just sending the cosmonauts on the ISS some sky
Camicus - that’s what they WANT you to think!
9/11 was an inside job... the russians did it... and trump was their inside man! it's all so clear to me now!
And it only cost them an extra 100 million dollars covering the fairing with blue pixels. Worth it.
@@camicus-3249 *sending cosmonauts on fucking Proton*
There is such a thing as too brave, you know?
On Saturn V launches I especially like how the smoke billows up first and than gets sucked down really quickly as the engines power up...
I was also fascinated by that effect too. I always wondered how much suction/flow was created right at the MLP deck just before hold-down release. Marshmallows, anyone? Keeping in mind most footage of this is at 400 FPS, so it gets moving pretty quickly, but it's still slower than I had expected.
@@mikecowen6507 well twr was something like 1.1 right?
@@BenjaminKirbyTennyson0 Something like that. Not to forget the draw rods & dies to intentionally slow initial acceleration for the first 18 inches. The first one or two had 4 rods, and it was too much resistance. Remaining flights had 2. None had zero. I honestly don't know if it made a damn bit of difference...
For some reason the nozzle extension cooling on the F1 combined with the fuel type just conveys the raw power of the thrust coming out of the motor. Seeing the streaking and able to see the exhaust gasses moving.
Also keep in mind that that footage was shown in slow motion if I'm not mistaken, so it's actually faster than what it looks in those films.
Took me a while to wrap my head around that sort of power, simply amazing.
Isn't the cooling making the engine less efficient or am i missing something
It's not going to be very efficient if it melts.
And the F-1 is on a gas generator cycle: The turbine exhaust was going to get vented regardless.
ghgjg: Yes, there's a slight reduction in efficiency, but having the nozzle remain solid is a bigger consideration. Keep in mind that it's the temperature of the gas, not the nozzle, that produces the exhaust velocity, and therefore thrust. Very little of the gas gets anywhere near the nozzle surface.
BrightBlueJim ok. How much of the fuel is used for cooling, as a percentage?
Thanks for the Ascent shout out. Always nice to have the video get recognized for all the effort the Glenn folks put into it even if pao thought nobody would want to watch 45 min of Ascent views.
Who else think rocket exhaust exiting the a rocket nozzle is one of the most satisfying thing in the world?
Cliff Yablonski, They dumb
Indeed--physics and geometry in beautiful action--I love shock diamonds...
"Who doesn't love the Saturn V?"
The Soviets and Flat Earthers.
@Mr. Virtual Why?
Thank you for answering the F1 exhaust "dark band" question that has bugged me for decades. I even learned something that I never suspected could possibly be true, that the pressure within the exhaust plume is below that of the ambient atmosphere. Of course, that makes perfect sense, it's Bernoulli's Principle in action. The faster a fluid flows, the lower it's pressure becomes. It's why airplane wings generate lift. I think we can agree that the exhaust gas is flowing at quite a clip, so it's pressure has to be well below that of the surrounding air. Great video as usual sir.
The reason why the exaust plume pressure is bellow that of the ambient is due to the engine bell expansion ratio. You will always find it over-expanded for sea level, as the designers optimize it for the flight and the rocket will ascend. But by 10~20km altitude you will not see any mach diamonds anymore, as the exhaust will now be under expanded while still moving quite fast, but not as fast as it should ideally.
Also there's the aerospike engine, which is designed operate efficiently accross a wide range of pressures.
Another reason they dumped the turbine exhaust into the nozzle not mentioned here is that they were desperate for every ounce of thrust they could get and the turbine exhaust did produce an amount of thrust. Other RP-1 enhgines like the Merlin 1-d will dump the exhaust out of the side.
+Verdigo The vacuum variant of the Merlin 1D uses the same idea for cooling the nozzle extension. You can see the scroll of the turbine exhaust around the upper part of the nozzle in the launch videos following stage separation. The sea level version (and vacuum) uses the RP-1 circulating around the combustion chamber and main expander nozzle for cooling. They get more thrust because it also increases the mass flow rate through the nozzle which is more efficient than just dumping it out a tube.
I think the Falcon 1 used the turbopump exhaust for roll control rather than using separate vernier rockets.
Airplane wings do not generate (much) lift from the Bernoulli principle. Otherwise they could not fly upside-down.
The exhaust from the RS-25 is GORGEOUS. It looks so clean and smooth, like I could touch it
say bye bye to your arms though
This was the perfect video I needed when trying to explain to my 12yo son how I knew another rocket launch we were watching was a solid rocket booster.
A+ Mr Manley, thank you and well done.
I thoroughly recommend finding a copy of the PDF of _Ignition!: An informal history of liquid rocket propellants_ by John D Clark: it's an excellently technical and funny read on the various chemical rocket fuels/reactions, and their development from 1930s through to the end of the 1960s.
It's been reprinted. I got a copy from Amazon.
Well that was the best nerdgasm I've had this year.
Fly safe good sire.
@Jimmy Sorry jim, just quite happy at what i watched. (If it looks extra botty i apologize tho)
B0BBYL33J0RD4N he's talking to physicists and serious space fans, not to the occasional passer-by.
I like most (if not all) of your videos. This was a good one. Who doesn't like to watch the exhaust of a rocket engine? Already knew most of the answers but you have them all in one place. Thanks!
Damn Scott, this now one of my favourite videos on youtube.
Thanks!
What a great explanation of the various rocket plumes - so clear and concise! I really enjoy your segments.
One of the coolest facts I learned at Endeavor in cali was the SRB smoke trail, since it is rich in aluminum, conducts electricity and keeps the orbiter grounded all the way to their burnout.
Thank you! I wasn't that excited when I first saw this video thumbnail and description. But, today I wanted to watch it because I know how you can surprise with bits of information I would perhaps never get elsewhere. I was right. Good video, again.
Whoa whoa whoa, that was a "mehthane" at 6:15 instead of a "meethane." Ominous.
meth-ane
They only have "mee-thane" in the United Kingdom.
@@swinde yeah, ive never seen it over here, same as aluminium
His mind is being tampered with by American linguists!
This was absolutely, hands down, my favorite video of yours to watch. Those nozzle to flame propagation to shock diamond shots were incredible. Thank you for sharing always, and I finally learned why the F1 engine exhaust was so dark. I always thought it was the camera adjusting its “ISO” levels to compensate for the brightness type thing. Again, thank you for these awesome videos.
I've loved all of your videos, but this one stands out! Thanks for the great research and very clear way you teach.
Wow Scott, I saw this video and thought "That sounds like a boring one but I'll still watch it and it'll at least kill ten minutes." I can't believe how thoroughly engrossing of a video this turned out to be. Thank you for always entertaining and educating me. Fly safe.
Love how the nozzle flexes in slow motion on the RS25’s during ignition, amazing pieces of kit.
One of your most compact and concise videos yet!
Very informative too. :)
6:07
"Initiating payload cloaking device"
*mic shuts off*
*shouting in the control room*
New announcer: "that was a joke, our camera feed experienced a glitch"
*collective sigh of relief from cloaking engineers*
lol
I usually don't comment but I need to tell you mr. Manley that this is one of your best videos to date.
I watched almost every video of you and I am eager to watch them as soon as they come out but this time you really reached the top of quality, montage, information and amazing visuals.
I saved this video to my favourites and I'll watch it again more than once, pretty sure of this.
Keep up the good job, you are truly an inspiration 👍
Thanks for this video Scott. I had always wondered why the shuttle engine exhaust looked the way it did and have never found an explanation till now. Cheers bro 😎
Excellent video! Keep up the nerdy and technical videos!!
This is really cool. I especially love the fact that the exhaust from some rockets travel so quickly at launch that it looks as if its liquifying under the pressure.
Just had this conversation with My brother last Night about this topic. Thanks for the video!
Thank you Scott for making this kind of videos, for us plebs who don't have the courage to learn proper rocket science but are knowledge hungry!
Wow, another video I didn't know I wanted to watch. Scott, you are a specialist at that kind of videos.
Thanks for this detailed info that is commonly not found. It answered some questions that I had for many many years! ATB, Gereon
This is a great video! I've seen many of your vids and I have to admit, this is top-shelf! Keep up the great work!
One of mu favorite videos of yours so far. Thank you!
Thanks to Scotts video about 'gold bullets' in Shuttle engines, I spent an inordinate amount of time starting intently into the SSMEs. Beautiful slow-mo footage.
At the end of the video you said the words that are very easy to underestimate: understanding why things happen makes them all the more beautiful. I've literally had several people, some of them my relatives, complain that science takes the beauty away from the world, like knowing why rainbows are what they are makes them boring. I think that's the excuse of a narrow mind: the need for mystery and the feeling of facing something unexplicable and higher than you to feel wonder. If anything, knowing how things work only make them more fascinating! In addition to being amazed by the sheer power and radiance of rocket exhausts, you can also feel the immense satisfaction of understanding the tiniest details of how it works. Science makes the already beautiful world even more beautiful, and thank you for helping more people see this :D
Scott Manley....another Awesome Video.!...I always learn Something New when I watch your Videos...great Job...keep em coming...👍
Always cool looking at rocket science and rockets operating ..... the slo mo is amazing .
thanks for posting .
This channel is so god damn great.
I was assigned to the Rocket Site at Edwards AFB during the OV101 development (Space Shuttle) you just condensed “Rocket Fundamentals” into a few minutes, I wish you’d have done the training. The Fuels school was really interesting, what I took away from that class was to fight a fuel fire from the next county.
What Atomjonesy said! Just fascinating. I know you already piled the video full of information, but I remember the SR-71's jet engines are started with the boron fuel, as well. Really cool-looking green flash at startup... Thanks again!
Fantastic video! Thanks Scott
Brilliant video mate! Some good explanations that were previous not so obvious for aerospace engineers as well.. if you could cover aerospike and other plug nozzles physics also, it would be great...
I really thought he was going to go to the aerospike engine at the end . .
The aerospike, in effect, uses the atmospheric pressure as the outer surface of the nozzle, making it an automatically altitude-compensating nozzle. I've never seen a good explainer video. There is a text on NASA's website that covers it well.
I will never look at the exhaust trail of a rocket engine quite the same ever again. Thanks Mr. Manley, that was very interesting.
Scott Manley, you never fail to amaze me
I love how the exhaust comes out of the SRB
It’s so satisfying
2:40 Scheme of Shock Diamond
4:40 RS-68 (Ablative Cooling)
5:18 Merlin
5:25 Kerosene (Number of Carbon Atoms)
5:46 UDMH
6:12 Raptor (Methane)
6:40 Color of Exhaust
7:20 F-1 (Film Cooling)
10:05 Exhaust Altitude Expansion
Awesome info Scott, sure do love your videos! Thanks so much!
All I can say is thanks for the explanation. I really enjoyed learning even a little bit about this.
Awesome footage and video.
Bloody good video Scott. Loved it! 😃
i had a big aha moment when you were talking about the blackbody radiation. im learning more in your videos than i ever did in school
Great video. Gave me a totally new appreciation for rocket engines. . .
It's funny, fifteen years ago I did a very basic simulation of a rocket engine in a 3d modelling program with particles and I got the "flower" or "fan" result of the exhaust. I found that weird, and asked my college intro to physics professor about this (I was a freshman) and wondered why you usually see a conical trail on rocket exhaust. He didn't know, and guessed it was something to do with why water from a tap tapers off. I had other things to worry about at the time so I never looked any further into it, but I'm glad to finally have my question answered -- the exhaust has lower pressure than the surrounding air! Makes sense now, and obviously I didn't really model pressure in my simple simulation. So thank you for this, Scott.
I like dem SRB’s it looks so cool and it helps the space shuttle to lift off because of how POWERFUL it is.
I never knew about the soot. Excellent video.
Titan ICBM, no strap-ons, is the *prettiest* exhaust in my opinion. The transparent flames of the hypergolic propellants and the shock diamonds of the two engines interacting with each other. I haven't seen a lot of good video of it, but there is some.
Beautiful to watch in slow motion... Simply beautiful.
Thank you Scott! Super informative. Definitely more content like this. For example: How about a series of videos on the history of rocket construction? Why various rockets throughout history have been so different in construction. All that was entailed by the aerospace industry to build these amazing vehicles. And who the various companies were that created the worlds most famous rockets. 🚀
Scott, this is the video I've been waiting for you to make. The absolute best thing about rockets is the exhaust plume.
Well, not for the environment 😂
Very cool Scott. Very cool.
Learned alot today from this video. Thanks and well done!
Great video, well explained and lots of stunning footage!
Just found the channel. This is really great stuff!
I've always wondered why rocket exhausts looked "the way the do"
@Jimmy is this a bot reply?
Fascinating! Very informative and well done video. Thank you.
Learned a lot.... answered some questions I had.... I'd give it a 9.5/10
Awesome video. Always wondered about that on the Saturn V. Many thanks
Thanks for always learnig me all kinds of cool stuff man!
you are doing the work all space agencies failed to do! bless you!
Thank you for this fantastic video. It explains a lot of things I always wondered.!
Great explanation and video.
Awesome Footage!
Great job finding the photos
Great video-thanks
Oh thank u Scott, it was a pleasure to learn!
One of your most interesting videos yet.
Wow I just found your channel... amazing!!!
Great job Scott!
Ahh, Triethyl Borane... It's the same stuff used to light the SR-71s J-58 engines. There's a distinctive green burst as the fuel reacts with the TeB. It's the same thing with the Raptor engine, except it's happening at a much higher concentration of TeB.
The Space Shuttle photography was great. I understood that it was a film camera so that each individual grain could record very bright Booster exhaust, dimmer Shuttle exhaust, or the inside surfaces equally.
"which is a very long word, but..." - you're the best!
A wonderful video you made there!
Great explanation! Thanks Scott!
Absolutely fascinating...thank you Scott.
One of your best videos ever. Also I miss your Xcom videos.
Xenonauts?
Yes, these were great! Good times!😀
6:55 Hey, I’m old enough to remember, back in the day, when Caltex would advertise that they had “Boron” in the petrol they sold. This was before I discovered it was an element. Never found out whether it was the actual element they put in, or it was just a brand name for some proprietary additive or other.
These clips are amazing
Thank you Scott, you have answered the oldest question in my life. I’m 58 years old and grew up watching NASA launches and I’ve always been fascinated by and curious about the dark band at the nozzle of the F-1. Film cooling... I even asked an astronaut at a motivational speech I attended what it was, he didn’t know.
THANKS loved all the info you gave here
LOVE the videos!
I too had always assumed the black effect in the Saturn V exhaust was due to the exhaust being so bright it overexposed and solarized the film.
After seeing the Terran-1 launch, I can confirm that the future of rocketry is going to be absolutely gorgeous
That was excellent - thanks!
That was just awesome. Thanks for the explanation! :)
Well, that answered several questions. Thanks!
This video is exhausting.
Good job. This deserves more likes
thank you kindly, Sir, for providing me with an answer, finally, to why the F1 engines have that dark section between the nozzle and flame front. I have been searching and searching.... but could never get a satisfactory explanation. I just assumed that it was a rend in the fabric of space time caused by the violence of the chemical reactions..... lol. you are my new hero.!!.