How the Japanese Carriers were so effective
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- Опубликовано: 27 сен 2024
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This video details how the Japanese Carriers were so effective in the early months of World War 2.
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» SOURCES «
Symonds, Craig L.: The Battle of Midway. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 2011
Peattie: Mark R.: Sunburst. The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909-1941. Naval Institute Press: Annapolis, Maryland, 2007 (2001).
Parshall, Jonathan B.; Tully, Anthony P.: Shattered Sword. The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway. Potomac Books: United States, 2007.
Evans, David C.; Peattie, Mark R.: Kaigun - Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy 1887-1941. US Naval Institute Press: United States, 2012.
Lundstrom, John B.: The First Team. Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway. US Naval Institute Press: Annapolis, United States, 2005.
Spector, Ronald H.: Eagle against the Sun. The American War with Japan. Cassell & Co: Cornwall, UK, 2000.
Drea, Edward J.: Japan’s Imperial Army. Its Rise and Fall, 1853-1945. Kansas University Press, USA: 2009.
Spector, Ronald H.: Eagle Against the Sun - The American War with Japan
Cambridge History of the Second World War. Volume I: Fighting the War. Cambridge University Press: UK, 2015.
Parshall, Jonathan; Wenger, Michael J.: Pearl Harbor’s Overlooked Answer. In: Naval History Magazine, Volume 25, Number 6, December 2011
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Being a World of Warships player, I can say that as far as I know, the Langley is not a premium ship. Getting her this way is a great way for newcomers to shortcut the effort, though; good on WOWS for doing this.
I am trying to learn German, so can you please go back to the war against Germany? Thanks :p
Just an FYI for people who got burned by World of Tanks. Funnily enough, Wargaming seems to have managed to avoid the intensely terrible economy and grind of World of Tanks here. World of Warships is actually a pretty damn good game, give it a shot! :)
@SUNchaster nothing there, if you mean the fb page, because I don't take messages on my private account.
Because they had the "Tora! Tora! Tora!" National spirit that gave them +50% Aircraft Carrier sortie efficiency for the first 180 days.
They also exploited the naval doomstack mechanic
@@TanksExplosionsAnime afaik "The Great Creator" nerfed doomstacks and introduced fuel into the world of men.
@Jimmy De'Souza I am fairly sure the British thought so too of United Kingdom way back when "coal" was the name of the game
" Smart Paradox player +100%"
US submaeine force: hold my beer
Kido Butai is the Japanese naval version of the German Kampfgruppe on land. More emphasis on speed, mobility, and initiative.
With the same limitations: Not enough of their best weap[on systems.
More like the British fleet
@@ousamadearudesuwa uhm no
The Kampfgruppe was more of a combined arms affair. The Panzer Division is a better comparison.
@@zulubeatz1 Planes, big ships and small ships sounds like combined arms to me
Very good overview on why the Japanese carrier fleet had such tremendous advantages over the American counterparts. If we were to look at 'only' the pilots, the Americans too had many pilots with a lot of flight hours under their belt (limited intakes meant that the same pilots would be flying all the time) yet crucially they lacked combat experience and checked out in a variety of plane types (VF, VB, VT) before a more specialized training course was established only a short time before Pearl Harbour. Essentially they were 'Jack-of-all-trades'. The lack of combat experience is critical beyond tactical pilot experience. It meant that there could be no real testing of aircraft & equipment under combat conditions, nor of tactics and the feasibility of theoretical concepts developed throughout the inter-war years. The US Navy exercises of the 1930s are a weird bag of both forward thinking and inpractical concepts - the lack of any real discussion between pilots and theorists further reduced the ability to develop working systems instead of theoretical convictions.
The Japanese on the other hand could be a lot more hands-on, tested and developed concepts and also had a more clear understanding of what carrier warfare would look like. This is exemplified by a more realistic appreciation of anti-shipping warfare (the risks of torpedo attacks, the special requirements when conducting horizontal bombing versus maneuvering targets, dive-bombing etc), the focus on specific plane characteristics (range, payload, navigation etc) and equipment (specifically torpedos). Of course they made their fair share of mistakes and had their limitations - both partially based on a lack of specific resources and technical know-how (for example, Japan had very few technically orientated jobs like mechanics or electricians that the army could draw on) and capacity - but on the tactical level they were ahead of the Allies. The victory at Midway might overshadow this but it took the Allies a considerable time to equalize Japanese expertize on tactical and operational experience, at which point the enormous industrical, technical and strategic capacity America had came into its own.
I think I should add 3 or 4 things here
FIrst of All, allied vision of Carriers. While this vision still remained in Japanese navy as well (as exemplified in the video), Allied suffered even more: The psychology of big guns on big ships. There were requests to tinker with the ideea of creating a big carrier force at the center of the operations in naval warfare. However, navy heads would not give up on their battleship ideeas and even falsified some tests to show that carrier planes (or planes in general) were unable to damage a battleships. Thus, carrier planes should be used only to scout for the main battleship fleet and try to cripple enemy ships. Potential of aircraft was totally ignored. Perhaps this over-emphasise on battleships is also what lead to many other US short commings in early war, the biggest being perhaps the lack of torpedo expertise.
2nd A ton of luck. Prior to Midway and at Midway. In one instance, I think it was during the Solom Islands campaign, Japanese carrier planes, sent to sink Yorktown and Lexington had to spend so much time searching for them in nighttime and bad weather conditions that they almost ran out of fuel. They had to ditch their payload in the middle of the ocean to have any chance at returning back at their carriers. However, in perhaps the most dramatic twist of fate in history, the first carrier they tried to land on was a US carrier. With no payload, they had to abort the landing procedures and attempt at returning home. Perhaps, had they pulled a Kamikaze right there and then, the whole course of the War could have been altered, as the next day, the US force sank one of the Japanese carriers which was planned for Midway. In a similar event, a US dive bomber squadron at Midway almost failed to locate the Japanese carriers, but in the last minute, they spotted them. And all their escorting fighters were busy engaging another US squadron on the opposite side of the fleet, so nobody was there to meet those guys. So, yeah, dumb luck
3rd. Sometimes you make your own luck, aka US ships, especially in mid-to-late war, had better compartimentation. Much better. This meant that fires and floodings would spread much slower and would cause less damage to the ships. Japan, well, they had some of the worst compartimentation. Many ships were lost to minimal damage thanks to this. Especially carriers.
4th. Last, but not least: Search and Rescue. Especially for pilots. US put quite a bit an effort to search for their downed pilots. Japan, not really. If someone would die away from the fleet, he was considered dead.
Japan seemed to miss in one crucial area...protection for their ships and pilots. American planes and carriers were *far* more durable than Japanese planes and carriers. The US had substantially better damage control procedures on their carriers than the Japanese did and that really showed at Midway. Japanese planes were faster, more nimble and longer ranged but they lacked armor and self-sealing tanks.
Also, the Japanese did not rotate experienced pilots out of combat and back into flight schools to train the next groups of combat pilots so Japanese new recruits never got the practical lessons from veterans that US pilots got.
So, attrition was going to doom the Japanese carriers and pilots all along. It was just a matter of time.
@@jeffbergstrom9658 Weren't US carrier aircraft far easier to repair, compared to the Japanese planes?
Except almost all of that is nonsensical myth.
There was no "tremendous" advantage, you don't get to claim that and then barely win one out of four battles battle you fight against a peer opponent and only when you bring twice as many ships to that fight. The proof is in the pudding as they say and the Japanese carrier arm was never really able to decisively win a single carrier engagement during the entire period of 1942. If the USN was so bad and the Japanese STILL couldn't decisively win even in battles where it was bringing significantly more carriers into action and was only even able to stay in the game because IJN submarines gave them GAINT and timely assists ahead of and after multiple key battles, really what does that say about the Japanese?
Really the pilot issue is another myth there was no real difference in experience, only the USN being smart enough to start expanding it's training program BEFORE the war. This resulted in a 'dilution' of the average flight time of the corps, but tons of reasonably trained pilots win wars, not a handful of aces not that the USN going into the war didn't have pretty much as many of those as the IJN anyway. The cross training mentioned was limited really to familiarization pilots were not being switched between fighters and dive bombers from week to week or something once in service.
The "Combat experience" might be the dumbest myth of all. That "experience" consisted of bombing mostly defenseless inland targets, being attacked very sporadically by very outdated and poorly flown fighters, and turkey shooting a handful of ancient and effectively defenseless Chinese ships at the very start of the war. This is really on the same level as trying to say that the "combat experience" of a modern GBC in bombing insurgents and rebels in the middle east would somehow translate to a major tactical advantage in a full blown clash with the PLA in the Taiwan strait. This 'combat' would teach you dick all that was relevant to engaging a peer foe in open ocean with carriers and was really only useful in gaining experience in basic flying and aircraft operations, neither of which couldn't be gotten in exercise.
The idea the Japanese were leaps ahead in the other areas you mention is nonsense as well. Japanese had no better understanding of the USN of the realties of maritime strike in any meaningful way. The USAAF was dumb as hell and refused to listen to Navy consul on the matter, but that's something else entirely. I'm not sure where you're getting this shit that USN aircraft weren't just as specifically focused as the Japanese, they fact the two nations chose different factors to emphasize doesn't mean the USN somehow lacked understanding. As it was the USN dive bomber was clearly the better design, there wasn't much to chose from between the TBs if both had a working Torpedo, the Zero was marginally superior to the F4F-3. The longer range of the Japanese aircraft was bought at the EXPENSE of payload and survivability, as it was the advantage of longer range proved more useful for bomber escort from land bases then it ever really did in any of the carrier battles.
They had really exactly one notable leg up aircraft wise, which was an aerial torpedo that worked. Although ironically the USN had that too at the start of the war, the first versions of the Mk.13 actually worked when dropped in there designated parameters (see Lexington TBs wrecking Shouhou), but design 'improvements' by the dullards at the USN torpedo factory made sure that was quickly 'fixed'.
The only area they were TRULY ahead tactically was in the coordination of a combined strike from several ships and even that only really began to emerge in the direct run up to the war. That tactic before the advent of radar and effective control was also a decidedly double edged sword. It wasn't like the USN hadn't thought about it, but it was always very vary of having a bunch of carriers clustered together to make such strikes. Midway brutally showed exactly why and that such a fear wasn't in anyway unfounded and it's own success in that battle continued to influence it's thinking regarding dispersal vs concentration for most of the rest of the year.
@@nottoday3817
Luck is overrated and usually effects both sides really if you want to play that game how about:
-Saratoga isn't blundered upon by a Japanese submarine and taken out of the war for months right at the start of it or even just that the torpedo inflicts slightly less damage, Saratoga missed Midway by literally ONE day if the damage is even slightly less there is a fourth US carrier at the battle
-Lexington doesn't accidently blow herself up after the battle is over from totally survivable damage at Coral Sea.
-The submarine doesn't find Yorktown after Midway
-Wasp isn't blundered upon and sunk by a Submarine
-Saratoga isn't torpedoed AGAIN just before Santa Cruz
-The last hit on Hornet at Santa Cruz doesn't just happen to be perfectly placed to ruin the repairs that were about to restore propulsion power and allow the ship to escape
Those are just bug ones off the top of my head, I can name plenty more. This is how it always is people focus on the 'luck' of the side that wins, but tend to ignore all the unlucky shit that happens to them along the way, or all the lucky breaks the other guys gets.
The irony about the US taking a couple of years to start using similar carrier tactics to the Japanese is that the Japanese got the idea themselves from observing exercises by the US Navy. They'd seen photos of a couple of American carriers steaming together and thought that they were being operated in tandem, and decided to try it themselves.
The US actually used a similar tactic, perhaps by accident, at Midway, when the dive bombers were able to take out the carriers while the defences had their eyes on the torpedo bombers.
@@abatesnz It probably was an accident, but one that the guys in the Dauntlesses were quick to capitalize on, to Vice Admiral Nagumo's detriment.
@@abatesnz well, JP navy they had better ships and planes to start the war, but where they stucked was in their damage control program and training.
Joseph Neubauer their real downside was their inability to produce replacements for any ships they lost compared to the manufacturing monster that is wartime US. No amount of damage control can stop an onslaught of new ships hitting the seas every week. They also had a lot less reserve personnel should their main army fail, so they were pretty much destined to lose since the start of the war
Similarly- Germans watched fast armor training/simulations in Britain in mid-1920s, and went with it in WW2- while the British themselves cut down on most of their (very advanced) tank and tank tactics development due to economic crisis and deep budget cuts.
NEXT: How the Soviet Battleships were so effective - Sponsored by Wargaming.
Just kidding, highly interesting video!
Well, their battleships no, but their cruisers and destroyers took part on important actions on the Baltic and Black seas, as they mostly dominated those waters. On the Black Sea, for example, they helped on the defensive operations on Odessa, Crimea and the Caucasus (1941-1942), and conducted raids (together with small marine commando units) on the Romanian coast. On the Baltic, they were mostly on the defense, with the battleships of the Baltic Fleet being used as batteries on the siege of Leningrad.
@@podemosurss8316 Clearly you have never played World of Warships. Comrade Star Destroyer did not even need to actually exist to rule the seas with its Stalinium-firing railguns.
Swiss Army Knight You mean the Lenin-class battleship?
Soviet submarine operations were quite effective. So was their naval bombardments in support of ground operations. Riverine aspects of the soviet navy was quite well adapted. Something most other nations lacked.
Are you serious? The Baltic sea was totally blocked from Soviet navy.
As early as 1915. Isoroku Yamamoto had predicted. The most important ship of the future will be one that carries airplanes. The Japanese pioneered the Carrier Task Force.
And that was early in WW1, holy shit
+@@shanedoesyoutube8001 In 1905 at the Battle of Tsushima, against the Russian Czarist Navy a young Japanese ensign on a cruiser was wounded and lost 2 fingers on his left hand when a Russian shell hit his ship. If he had lost 3, his Naval career would have been over. His name Isoroku Yamamoto. The Japanese fleet clobbered the Russian fleet.
@@butchoharechicago6657 as far as I've heard, that's only bcuz the vodka navy was badly brewed (as in incompetent as fuk)
Tbh everybody new that carriers would eventually become more important than battleships. They where just not sure when. Doesn't help you in 1941 when you built only carriers but they are only the superior weapon in 1965. You can adapt a technology too early. Just look at the German V2 rocket or their jet fighter Wunderwaffe
@@mellon4251 thats foresight talking
nobody expected aircraft back in the 1910s and 1920s to overwhelm large capital ships because the airframes were too slow and easy to shoot down, and carried relatively too light of a payload to significantly damage large surface vessels + the small airwings of carriers of the time
by the time of the late 30s there were still significant factions in practically every navy that advocated for the continued use of battleships and its mostly these factions that ended up pushing programs for building some of the most iconic ships of the war like the iowas and the yamatos
thats not to say there were extremely radical aviation advocates early on but they only became significant once the technology of aircraft began to rapidly develop enough to pose an actual threat to even the biggest battleships
Quick note about the wows add: The USS langley isn't a premium aircraft carrier and it never was, it's the standard tier iv carrier. WOWS keeps promoting this in similar adds, so you are not to blame. Just wanted to give a heads up to the rest.
Is this CVL 27 Langley or the original Langley?
@@MakeMeThinkAgain Original
Does this not have a premium skin?
Caliban Yes, I learned that YEARS ago as an R.O.T.C. Cadet. Glad you pointed that out.
@@RoloC4 Either way its no fun
"Shattered Sword," which you referenced in the video, is one of the best naval history books ever written. It completely changed the understanding of the battle of Midway.
One of the most important points raised by "Shattered Sword" concerns the vulnerability of Japanese carriers to bomb damage. They had two-level enclosed hangars full of munitions and gasoline, no ventilation to clear out gasoline fumes, no practical way to subdivide the space to seal off a fire, and very little in the way of damage control capability. Once a bomb or two exploded in the hangars, the conflagration was impossible to stop. Don't forget that Akagi, the flagship, was fatally damaged by a single bomb hit from one SBD.
Very nicely written.
The Lexington suffered from poor damage control at Coral Sea. The conditions at Midway were perfect for maximum destruction. The Shokaku took a few bomb hits in 1942 and survived. The Franklin took one to two bomb hits and was almost destroyed in 1945. Empty carriers don't burn as well all fully loaded ones.
@@19canada67 carriers are floating bombs, chock full of high octane gasoline, bombs and torpedoes. There's only so much you can do.
Typically Japanese. All offence, no Defense. And all servicemen are expendable and expected to die for the Emperor. The callous disregard for subordinates life is really what stands out for me looking at the Japanese in general. Some will excuse it as Bushido spirit. I doubt Bushido sanctions wasting lives. How many pilots would they have saved just with self sealing fuel tanks. The Betty, a good and fast bomber was known as the flying zippo. For the duration of the war.
I love this video. One thing to further emphasize just how overly selective the Japanese were about their pilot trainees. Saburo Sakai is one of the best known Japanese combat aces. One of the Wars best pilots. What most don't realize is while a Naval Pilot. He was never a Carrier Pilot. Largely because in the heavily class based Japanese Military Sakai was a standard enlisted man, not a Commissioned Officer. Sakai was never considered "Carrier Qualified" or was posted to one.
Most of his incredible kill record was in China against P-39's and P-40's being flown by almost untrained Chinese Pilots. In the Pacific he operated from land bases. Mainly attacking the Philippines and later fighting over Guadalcanal. Guadalcanal is where he first encountered what he would respectfully refer to as "Gruman's". The F4F Wildcats. His first encounter with one, his legendary duel with "Pug" Sutherland, blew his mind as he poured 600-700 rounds into the Wildcat and it kept flying. No flames. No explosions. The amazing durability of the US Carrier planes really freaked out the Japanese Pilots a bit.
Later in the same battle he caught a 7.62 mm round from the rear guns of an Avenger across the right side of his skull. Blinding him in the right eye and paralyzing his entire left side. He managed the 4 hour flight back to Rabaul with one eye, one hand and one foot and a savagely shot up plane. (Further proof that the real stories are far better than anything Hollywood cooks up). After surgery he recovered his left side, but only had partial vision in his right eye. He spent a year training new pilots. (even he admits it was a complete shit show. They could barely take off and land in the short time he had with each group) Then because the Japanese were getting so desperate for skilled combat pilots, even 1 eyed ones they sent him back out to Iwo Jima to provide escort for Kamikaze's. Studying his War History perfectly encapsulates the problems the IJN had regarding Pilot Training and Deployment throughout the war.
Brilliant story, Sir
He graduated as a carrier pilot, while never assigned to a carrier. Initially was enlisted but became a sub-lieutenant.
It was an SBD Dauntless pilot rear gunner that shot him not an avenger
@@mcamp9445 If am correct the avenger was introduced after midway.
@@mcamp9445 In his story "Samurai" Sakai related that he spotted what he thought were F4F Wildcats and he dove on one. He had never seen an SBD before and at a distance I could see where he might make that mistake. At any rate, he dove to bounce the target and only at the last second did he realize this airplane had a rear gunner when the gunner shot up his plane and him.
Saburo Sakai was one of my favorite WWII pilots historically, he was awesome. Everyone should read his book "Samurai!". He was badly wounded during a mission but still managed to fly his aircraft back blind in one eye and with the left side of his body paralyzed. After the war he actually met with the American pilot (Harry Jones) that wounded him.
9:45 Saburo Sakai. Japanese ace pilot. Lost eye in battle. I recommend all to read his book, Samurai.
He wrote a good book but he lost his eye and nearly his life at Guadalcanal.
I read his book when I was 12. 54 years ago. The story of how he lost his eye is emblematic of the shifting tides of the Pacific war.
“Destroyer Captain” by Hara ? is another great book from Japanese perspective and quite even-handed. Also has a lot of Solomons background.
The Zuikaku, the second sister ship in the Shokaku class is my favorite carrier in the Japanese navy, much like the USS Enterprise (CV-6) had many close calls and were lucky until the final battle( much like Enterprise if you think about it ^^" ) because of this I personally call the ship "Lucky-Z" mirroring the nickname for the enterprise.
Thank you once again for an awesome video ^^ it means a lot.
The two ships actually fought repeatedly, though neither ever sank the other.
@@bkjeong4302 Enterprise's aircraft were among the planes that sunk Zuikaku.
Jack Washbrook
AFAIK that kill is credited to the second Lexington (which is ironic, considering Coral Sea).
@@bkjeong4302 As far as I was aware it was seven torpedo hits from 5 US Carriers that sunk her, Lexington and Enterprise included. I guess Zuikaku can't really be attributed to any one of them.
Well, her name means "Auspicious Crane", so she had luck wrought into her from the moment she was named.
4:25 That quote about the Zero
Sums up the feelings of many a new player of Warthunder when they encounter a skilled player flying a zero or other Japanese Planes.
Hmm, I have a sudden urge to ask Wargaming to add Uboats and I don't know why.....
Given how badly carrier game play is integrated into the game I don't think adding a new type of game play would be a good thing
NO GOD PLEASE NO!!!
@@rafaeltait1203 A chinese rip off already did subs in their game and it was fine. BBs and CVs were easy pickings but it also gave DDs and some CLs something more to do than being torp spammers and cannon fodder.
@@madensmith7014 CLs dominate the game already, nothing is stronger than a incester cancering from range
Historically, they were used mostly for convoy raiding and recon. But in a game where CV and BB noobs tend to camp in one spot as they bombard their enemies while cruisers and DDs have a tussle in the front, subs that can sneak through enemy lines and hit campers was a fun sight to behold.
Another reason was the early superiority of the Zero A6M over Allied fighter aircraft. It took some months for the Allies obtain better aircraft and to learn to out-fight the Zero.
Also, early USA torpedoes were totally defective and would not detonate upon impact. This was due to the incredibly stupid mounting of the inertial firing pin at RIGHT ANGLES to the direction of motion.
I’m glad you mentioned that the doctrine for the Japanese (even up to Midway) was still focused on the battleship as the weapon that would ultimately decide the battle. Something often misrepresented due to hindsight.
There's an error, MVH. Japan through the entire Pacific War never had more than 6 Carriers. They were Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, Hiryu, Shokaku, and Zuikaku. They had several CVLs like Ryujo, but for CVs (i.e. Fleet Carriers), they only had 6 max leading into Midway in 1942 (4 went to Midway, the 2 Shokaku class were back in Japan recovering from the debacle of Coral Sea). The IJN wouldn't get a new Fleet Carrier until Taiho came around in 1944, but by then, Midway had occurred years prior and 4 of their old Fleet CVs were lost. When Taiho entered service, Japan had 3 Fleet CVs, her and the two Pearl Harbor veterans, Zuikaku & Shokaku.
After the Battle of the Philippine Sea in June 1944, both Shokaku & Taiho would be lost. Zuikaku was the only CV left. Japan gets the 3 Fleet CVs from the Unryu-class in August thru October 1944 and would get to 4 Carriers But they no longer had planes and pilots for them. They couldn't even give Zuikaku a full complement of aircraft and pilots when she went as a suicidal decoy for Leyte Gulf in October 1944 where she was sunk.
When Zuikaku was sunk, the IJN was down to 3 Carriers with no aircrews for them.
The Japanese had 9
The IJN was like the player who used all of their skill points on offensive capabilities while the USN was the guy who had a well-rounded skill tree
Just wanted to point out that this ad & your video got me to play World of Warships for the carriers and that they should sponsor you more.
In the last great carrier battle, Santa Cruz, the Japanese used the Shokaku & Zuikaku as strike platforms, with 2 squadrons of BN2 Kate's on the Shokaku and 2 squadrons of D3 Vals on the Zuikaku, escorted by 24 - 28 A6m zeros fighters from each carrier. This allowed the Japanese planes to blow through the USN CAP( combat air control) their air strikes sunk CV Hornet & damage the CV Enterprise.
The rigorous training at 8:15 is so true. Read about he Japanese Naval pilot training, and be amazed.
For pilots, the training was certainly rigorous. But worse, for the trainees, the washout rate for non-flying "offenses" was completely over the top. Showing up thirty seconds late for morning formation, failure to salute properly, some minor uniform discrepancy--and boom, the trainee was gone, even if he was an excellent pilot. And not before a beating with fists or a cane, and a heaping dose of humiliation and scorn, which could extend back to the trainee's family. More than a few senior Navy and Army officers, in the first quarter of 1943, as the Guadalcanal campaign ate up virtually the last of the pre-war pilot corps, remarked publicly that "it would sure be nice to have a few of those pilots who washed out" available. As stated in the video, the Japanese had no concept of mass training. By the time they really needed it, it was too late. The US, in contrast, dramatically expanded its pilot training programs in the months BEFORE Pearl Harbor, and expanded it again after entering the war.
Because with carriers it's easier to attack than defend. If four carriers and battleships show up unannounced, it's pretty hard to prepare for that at every island. But once Japan was in a defensive position, they had the same problem.
Very true with AA but japan had ships beside kaga that could manouver and haul insane speed with additional of there good pilot
How to dogfight a Zero, 1941-42:
Point A. Don't dogfight a Zero.
Points B-Z. See Point A.
Nonsense - the American pilots of the Flying Tigers in China had developed some tactics of coping with the Zero before the US entered the war.
Wait, since when is the Langley a premium ship?
since it is adequate to give code to an USA carrier in a video about Japanese carriers
I had the same interrogation :).
the Langley is the T4 introduction Carrier to the US Tech Tree
Langley (T4) >> Ranger (T6) >> Lexington (T8) >> Midway (T10)
There are indeed 4 Premium Carriers (all T8) but the Langley isn't one of them
Anyone here miss the old T5, T7, and T9 CVs? I remember when Ranger was a premium CV with 3 fighter wings.
@@shellshockedgerman3947 maybe you are thinking about the Saipan? Ranger was a T7 tech tree ship.
The Japanese began their invasion of Malaya just after midnight on 8 December 1941 several hours >>before
...Because sneak attack 200% dmg bonus.
This is a very good overview of the subject. Thanks for the video.
A great video and since my interest is shifting toward the war in the Pacific :) very welcome !!!
"The First Team" by J. Lundstrom is an excellent review of the combat experience of the US Navy's much smaller core of experienced inter-war aviators going toe-to-toe against the stacked advantages of the IJN in the first few years of the war, if anyone would like further reading.
All three carrier nations had big ships and big guns as the prime offensive.
"Shattered Sword" is an outstanding book. I have never been very interested in the Pacific Theatre. I'm more of an Ostfront fanboy. Videos like this got me interested, though, so much so that I bought that book and I'm glad I did. Good job there, MilHistVisualised. Keep up the good work.
As usual, I learned something interesting. Thanks as always for what you do sir.
What you might have learned is bad history. This is full of errors....
When things go well early on, disaster is always imminent.
Another great video. I like the way you present the historical informations. Have subsribed to both of you channels.
It should be noted that A6Ms used other fighting styles aside of turn fight. Their great P/W ratio, step climb angle and superior speed was used against fighters like I15 and similar in energy maneuvers.
Indeed, in fact the IJNAS fighter pilots operated in a similar hit-and-run fashion to their USN counterparts.
The japonese marine was like the blitzkrieg at the beginning of ww2
I Wish the History Channel Do a Story of Japanese Marines defense at Tarawa and Manila.
@@maureencora1 but I don't think that it would be something nice to watch, can you imagine that guy of explaining this
They tend to go through dense forests so not really surprising
No. Wrong answer. IJN Marines never went up against a legitimate force. Never.
@@jds6206 so the Blitzkrieg, didn't they?
But messing with a SLEEPING GIANT will get your toes stepped on.
The Japanese have always had amazing design, technology and manufacturing capability. Their dedication has also been something to be admired. I'm thankful they are friendly allies of the US, and our mutual partners is protecting trade and prosperity in the Pacific.
ALWAYS? Clearly you’re rather young and therefore don’t remember that for decades Japanese manufacturing was known for producing utter crap. The most notable product from Japan was the Chinese Finger Trap children would get at birthday parties and the like. Then they went high tech with Paddle Ball. But it was an American, W. Edward Deming, who in the mid 1950’s introduced Japanese manufacturers to the concept of “Total Quality Improvement” that brought Japanese discipline together with the science of TQI that made them the manufacturing powerhouse you know today. But it was not ALWAYS so. There’s a gag line in the movie Back to the Future. Marty time travels from 1985 back to 1955 where someone sees his Walkman and says, “Oh look, Made in Japan.” and everyone around laughs. Marty replies, “Yeah, all the best stuff is made in Japan which they scoff at. The gag is, in 1985 Japan made the best stuff but in 1955 they didn’t. How things change.
Great presentation; nice citing of references and including books in the summary. Excellent work!
basically blitzkrieg but on water and in Asia
Which ceased to win in each case because of the vastly superior industrial capacity of the enemy.
@@JRobbySh especially america
One other factor in Kido Butai's success during the first 5-6 months of the war was also the quality of their opposition. During its battles against the various American, British, and Dutch colonies in the western Pacific, Kido Butai was mainly going up against second-tier planes and/or pilots since those nations had mainly been focused on events in Europe. That's not to take away from the very high level of proficiency that Kido Butai displayed during that period, but the lack of quality opposition did help magnify the advantages they already had. That also explains part of why the U.S. forces fared as well as they did at Coral Sea and Midway; Kido Butai's advantages weren't as pronounced when facing the best U.S. planes and pilots.
*just researched USS Midway on WOWS and this video pops up* Ironic
Me too!
They sure worked together at Midway. Plus... all their big victories were against defenseless opponents.
They were effective because of the use of glorious nippon steel folded 1000x times
Somewhat interestingly the Japanese actually had worse armor plate for their ships throughout the war, largely as a result of the lower quality steel they had available, this is why Japanese battleships (and warships in general)of the time had thicker armor to achieve similar effectiveness as compared to other nations. They were able to do this by refusing to comply to the Washington naval treaty which gave prewar allied vessels design weaknesses that allowed them to be absolutely paddled at the start of the war as can be seen in the early battles in the java sea area where ABDACOM was shredded or Guadalcanal
Sorry for the long winded response to what I'm sure was meant to be a short joke 😂
Amarica: *Upgrades plains one time* Much better *Sips coffee*
thank you for another great video
In the video, you said the Americans didn't adopt a task force that coordinated multiple groups from different carriers into one until 1943. This isn't entirely true. At the battle of Midway, the three carriers were going to attack at the same time.
The problem arrived from the long distance. Hornet, Enterprise, and Yorktown were together. Yorktown got separated from the other two when it got its scout plane back. Because of the range, the torpedo planes came in alone. Eventually, the dive bombers and fighters arrived and hit three carriers.
Now, these carriers still operated as individual units in the basis of escorts. Yorktown got separated from the other two when it had to change direction to recover its scouts. The other two hurried to close the distance. One thing behind the individual units is the fact it's harder to hit multiple targets. Incoming groups can see one carrier but be difficult to see the others. Another part is the anti-aircraft fire. It wouldn't be good to hit your own ships.
Technically, the Americans had two admirals. Admiral Halsey was supposed to be there and he got sick. Halsey suggested Spruance. He left with Hornet and Enterprise. The admiral from Coral Sea was the commander of the fleet when the Yorktown arrived after being patched up.
America started out with the Enterprise, Saratoga, and Lexington in the Pacific. Saratoga was in the states in dry dock when Pearl Harbor was attacked. Until Coral Sea, the carriers were used as hit and run attackers. The Doolittle Raid put Enterprise escorting Hornet.
When you look at what America had, the strategy was good. At one point in 1942, only the Enterprise was the only operation carrier in the Pacific. In fact, Enterprise was the only carrier to survive the entire war in the Pacific. Only the Ranger and Saratoga were the only other non-Essex class carriers to survive the war.
As time went on, enough aircraft carriers joined the fleet to make huge fleets practical and nessisary.
I think that you did a Mistake at 8:05 . The IJN had 6 CVs in 1941 (Akagi, Kaga, Sōryū, Hiryū, Shōkaku, Zuikaku) and 2 CVLs (Ryūjō, Zuihō) and 2 CVEs (Hōshō, Taiyō).
I was think along the same lines. Need to add the Shoho in the CVL list. Unless they are counting some early 1942 such as the Hiyo and Junyo, which were small fleet CV's (nearly the same compliment as the Ryujo) You could make an argument as those 9 as CV's vs light Carrier. The US seem light in the counting in this comparison Saratoga, Lexington, Yorktown, Enterprise Hornet, Ranger and Wasp (7) all commission prior to entry into war. Langley was a seaplane tender by this point.
Overall the relative total air group compliment size off Japanese and US carriers was about even. The 9+1 to 6 comparison seems very misleading. You also have the commonwealth forces which included a couple of CV's in the Indian Ocean at the outbreak in war (although a couple of US carriers were in the Atlantic, all but the Ranger were quickly shifted to the Pacific with the outbreak of war) so that may be moot issue If you subtract the USS Ranger you can get to six but then you should add the British CV's to an "allied" count for relative strengths.
@@davidhanson8728 I don't think you should count Ranger when you're talking about the Pacific War. Ranger provided good service in the Atlantic but was really a CVE.
@@MakeMeThinkAgain the reason she severed in Atlantic was Because she was too Slow
@@fuynnywhaka101 Actually they also couldn't slap enough AA on her to make her defensible.
Ranger was NOT a CVE. CVE's were built on merchant hulls. CVL's were built on Cruiser hulls. Ranger was a CV. It was a smaller, slower CV - but it was a CV.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Ranger_(CV-4)
The deal with Ranger was that it was the first US ship designed from the start to be a carrier. Langley, Lexington and Saratoga were all conversions of ships originally designed to do something else. So - as the first ship designed to purpose - they made a number of mistakes with it - which were lessons learned for the Yorktown's.
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The first designed and under construction dedicated air raft carrier was HMS Hermes. It was under construction before the Japanese carrier but operational before Hermes due to various delays.
I am ready to sign up just for the Graf Zeppelin!
Played WoW from Beta on till 9/2017 when I moved from an urban area to deep in a wooded rural area and had to go on satellite for my online connection. Miss the game a very great deal.
Its gone down the shitter. Basically wargaming filled out the Russian tech tree line with almost a completely fake fleet and made them way more powerful then any other ships. They continue to ignore the Italians. Everything is a premium now for $90 a pop. And power creep in general is a huge issue. Wargamming can't seem to balance the game anymore. And they delibeately make the russian ships Uber ships to appease thier sense of nationalism and thier russian player base.
This video really should mention the Indian Ocean raid in 1942 where the Kudo Butai destroyed the British fleet in the Indian Ocean. It was the perfect illustration of the strength and the weakness of this. The Kudo Butai was able to sink 7 British warships including a carrier for the loss of only 20 aircraft. However, they had no logistical capability to actually use their new found dominance of the Indian Ocean so it didn't matter much strategically.
It's a huge jump from being a peace time pilot to a combat pilot. By the time of Pearl Harbor, the Japanese pilots had an average of 3 years in combat flight. Americans had none.
I subscribed for one reason. I appreciate Russian and/or East EU analysis and unbiased prospective. Thanks!
The U.S. Navy didn't figure out what until when? Refresh my memory when the Battle Midway was fought...How about the Marianas Turkey shoot? I know Midway was a bit haphazard, but they still managed to mount a multi-carrier force and was victorious.
Sure, the Japanese had more carriers at the start of the war, but it was not able to increase that number, so was unable to replace losses. This is why Midway was so devastating.
Japan still had more carriers in the Pacific even after Midway. Japan also still made a lot of carriers during the war.
@@turdferguson3803 So, how does this disprove my comment that Japan could not replace losses. How do you define "a lot" and what, to you, qualifies as a "carrier"?
You seem to think that Japan had a substantial carrier force right up to the end of the war. If that is really what you think, you're an idiot.
Impressive, I bet that your school nickname was "Knowledge".
@@erictaylor5462 The last of their carrier force was mostly destroyed in 1944.
If you think the Japanese were done after Midway you're an idiot, idiot.
@@turdferguson3803 Actually, if you define "Done" as having lost any possibility of winning the war, then they were done after Pearl Harbor.
But after Midway they were fighting a defensive war.
The other reasons were that our torpedo bombers and torpedoed sucked at the beginning of WW2, also our Navy pilots weren’t as experienced as the Japanese pilots and the Japanese Navy had more combat operational experience. Their night fighting capability with their ships was with out equal until we got used to using radar during night fighting.
cool sponsorship, congrats! : )
Their reign of dominance lasted six months attacking mostly small isolated island targets. Midway ended their dominance
KAGA enough Said!
I think the japanese doctrine at the start was to amass attack aircraft into large waves as often as possible. Parts of the wave needs to circle in the air and wait for the others.
US carriers launched attack craft in smaller waves as soon as they got up, creating a constant stream of attack runs.
At around time 8 and again around time 12 the statement is made that there were six operational US aircraft carriers. However, there were actually seven. Conveniently they're numbered sequentially from CV-2 (Lexington) to CV-8 (Hornet). CV-1 (Langley) had been converted to a seaplane tender before war broke out so it shouldn't be counted as an aircraft carrier. CV-4 (Ranger) operated almost exclusively in the Atlantic during WWII but was still a US aircraft carrier - seeing combat as part of Operation Torch, the invasion of North Africa.
In some ways, this is where parts of the Japanese funding for tanks went.
The Japanese didn’t need tanks. They were fighting lightly armed ground forces
Up until 1944.
@@tedwarden5803 oh i know. when you think about it, there’s a good chance the war with japan couldve ended sooner (or be less costly) if they decided to focus more resources on tank research and production. Even if they had much better tanks, the amount of aircraft america could produce and the manpower pool they had meant those tanks would be drowned through overwhelming air support.
@@9f81rsd00. Read Yamamoto’s prediction on a war with America. ‘ A sleeping giant’.
Japan did produce light tanks suitable for the countryside in which they were used and against the forces they were fighting.
Why would you produce heavy tanks when you’re fighting the Chinese or in the jungle or island hopping?
It would be pointless. I’d be interested how useful the Americans found their armour in the Pacific. But America had the recourses to send much as they liked in the last year or so of the war.
The Japanese never had the industrial output.
Great video, I always enjoy your videos on the Pacific theater.
I don't know if you're taking suggestions or not but I'm sure it would be great if you could cover the 1941-1945 period of Second Sino-Japanese War. Since no one covers the operational aspect of the war as well as you do. At least on the RUclipsland.
A number of massive scale operations took place that people don't have a clue about, such as Operation Ichi-Go and the Battle of Changde.
thanks, the Sino-Japanese War might get covered on my second channel. I had one video planned, but I might drop it. The whole thing is just massive and usually it gets far less views and since it takes about 2-3 times the time to "research" (read & write the scripts), it is not really suitable unless I achieve enough support on Patreon et al where I don't have to think about views anymore. I did a stream on the Second Sino-Japanese War on this channel with Justin about 2 years ago.
Military History not Visualized
The channel is linked in the about section, regularly mentioned in various videos etc.
I am rather sure if you have missed it so far, you would not have found in the description of my videos.
What was not mentioned here is the continuation of war after a pilot is shot down. Americans and Germans did not hesitate to bail out if the aircraft was hit. German pilots even bailed when slightly damaged. The Japanese almost never bailed out so every hit was fatal. In Burma the Japanese would machine gun pilots in the air. Many pilots lived because when they heard this they delayed pulling the rip cord till closer to the ground. The Japanese attrition was thus much higher and almost never bailed out thus depriving their country of their expertise. This was very counter-productive. Training a pilot especially a combat pilot with experience thus bled Japanese of its most productive pilots very rapidly in comparison to trained experienced crew that America started producing on an assembly line training process. You get to be much more difficult to kill after a couple of bail outs.
Love it, great work!
Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor would reportedly had written in his diary, “I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve.”
Yamamoto made a well-known and prophetic statement: -- "In the first six to twelve months of a war with the United States and Great Britain I will run wild and win victory upon victory. But then, if the war continues after that, I have no expectation of success."
Fans of motorcycle racing may know that the founder of Yoshimura was a fighter pilot early in the war. He was injured and spent months in hospital while many of his classmates were lost. He returned as a pathfinder leading kamikaze to their target.
Every Solider, Sailor, Airman & Marine needs to be given the "Long Journey Home".
The problem with American torpedoes wasn't that they were slower than the Japanese torpedoes (they were, but it hardly matters) - it's that they failed to go bang at a frightening rate.
The biggest problem was the TBD. It was slow and could rarely get in a position to launch an efficient attack
Very good explanation of that time period. The Japanese war in China gave them experience, as the German Pilots gained in the Spanish Civil War.
Both Axis Powers, lacked good Training as the War progressed and their experienced Pilots were lost in Dog Fights.
The Allies would take their Aces, and have them become Instructors. Passing on their real time dog fighting experiences.
Also initially, Americans were pretty Racist and under rated the Japanese Pilots. Always a huge mistake in any War.
With the huge Industrial Complex and Population that America had, their soon matched and bested the enemies War Machines. The Japanese Navy and Admiral, Yamamoto knew, their early success, wouldn’t last longer than six months.
Even Britain was able to replace or repair their Fighters, at least those that managed to land, with little real damage, and were often back in the Air, the same day.
Helps fighting on your home ground.
Of course German Pilots reported having shot down many more Aircraft than they actually had.
A problem with most Pilots claims. In any Air force. So the Germans expected fewer Fighters each Sorties they flew. The British problem was not enough Pilots.
Until they finally put into action those Polish and Norwegian Pilots. They were afraid of language barriers. Unlike the other English Speaking volunteers.
But in War, it’s usually the Nations, that makes the fewer blunders,that wins.
One major reason, the Allies dropped any efforts to Assassinate Hitler. When they realized all the blunders he was making,
Na, it's the nation with more meat for the grinder that wins, which side in WW2 was USSR, India(British), U.S and China on? A single one of those nations had more meat(people) supply than the Axis. All nations make blunders in war but making more doesn't cause a total loss, I'd argue the Union Army made more than double the blunders of the Confederates but one poorly thought out charge lost the war because they lacked meat, for that grinder. The RAF lacked planes not pilots, Norwegian pilots weren't a very big contingent(if any) in Battle of Britain either, the 500 foreign pilots (20% of total) were Polish(141), New Zealanders(127), Czechs(84) and Canadians(112) making up the bulk of foreigners, it was the Luftwaffe that lacked the pilots. As it was a lack of meat(divisions) that triggered the date for Overlord as Hitler could no longer provide enough meat for the defence of France.
@@fredharper4059 for the protracted war it turned into: yes. for the fast war that Yamamoto had hoped for: no.
Clair Chennault tried to warn the US military about the Zero but they ignored him.
Japanese largely developed the use of fast carrier coordinated operations.
3:20 I think there's a disjoint in what you stated, the quote you posted, and the actual performance here... 2 of those 3 planes (the A6M Zero and the B5N Kate) could certainly be considered to be at-or-better to the contemporary USA equivalent, but by the time Pearl Harbor happened, the SBD Dauntless was the US's main carrier-based Dive Bomber, and no one is gonna give the Val the nod over the Dauntless as the superior plane.
The phrase "with important exceptions" is one of those terms people use to gloss over the fact that 33% of the planes shown on the screen were actually NOT better ;p
Exactly.....many errors in comparison in this video; so many, it's not worth watching....
Excellent analysis.
We are fortunate that the Japanese did not prepare the defend against the same tactics of their Carriers and Carrier Air Groups used by them against the USA and other Allies.
Having converted ALL of its Battleships prior to the War (ESPECIALLY their “Fast Battleship Division” of the 4 Kongō-class Ships) to ships that stripped their entire “Secondary Battery” of 6” Naval Guns usable only against surface targets, and replaced them NOT with the Type 89 127mm DP Mounts that were not able to track modern aircraft, but the later Mounts we see on the Agano-class, and Oyodo-class Light Cruisers that held 2 3.9” or 10cm/65 Type 98 Dual-Purpose Guns in a variety of Mounts that were VASTLY FASTER TRACKING than the older Type 89 Dual-Purpose Mounts.
The “need” of those 6” guns was non-existent. The Type 89 Mounts were FAR TOO HEAVY for their intended use. And cutting the Mounts for BOTH the 6” Secondaries, AND the Type 89 Mounts OFF the Kongōs (and all other BBs), raising the sides of the hull a bit, and then mounting 8 to 12 of the dual 3.9” Dual Purpose Mounts on these Ships would have allowed them to defend these ships from the Air Attacks that actually finished-off most of the IJN’s BBS.
And we are lucky that in the late-20s and early-30s the Japanese closed their Radar Research for nearly a decade, when they were, at the time, the most advanced in terms of research-progress on Radar at the time.
An IJN that had BOTH Search Radar AND Fire-Control Radar in all of those Night-Battles would be TERRIFYING.
And we are fortunate that instead of building the Yamato-class Ships, they had instead used those resources in building NEW SHIPYARDS, and focused upon Streamlining the production of a SINGLE DESIGN of Anti-Submarine Ships (Sub-Chasers, or their version of “DEs”), AND a similar emphasis on Cargo Ships, Landing-Ships, and Aircraft Carriers, INCLUDING ESCORT CARRIERS to perform ASW sweeps of their Convoys from the “Southern Resource Area.”
And... As you mention in terms of Training, we are REALLY LUCKY that Japan never learned how to properly train Air-Crews by rotating successful pilots back home to teach new Pilots how to survive, streamlining their production of MORE SKILLED PILOTS that were really in more need in many cases than Aircraft.
Had the Japanese done these, and MANY other things that focused upon ACTUAL DEFENSE, it is very likely that they would have been able to prevent the Allies from being able to significantly threaten them until the late-40s, to Early-50s at best.
The Japanese idiotic focus upon taking all of these isolated islands in the Pacific without the means to provide even ADEQUATE Logistical Support cost them untold resources that could have been better used to produce a line of bases ONLY along the line of the Shipping-Lanes from the “Southern Resource Area,” that could be better protected than the Island Bases that the Allies could just “Go Around.”
Denying these Islands to the Allies would be FAR EASIER to do without actually “Manning” and fortifying these Islands. Cutting-off Allied Logistics supporting such Island Bases requires a fraction of the resources of occupying/fortifying these Islands.
And shifting the resources that were used to take and hold these islands to New Guinea, the Solomons, Noumea, and Vanuatu to cut-off Australia/New Zealand from direct supply by the USA would have paid far-better dividends (not to mention not wasting resources to take places like Midway or the Aleutians) in terms of lengthening the amount of time the Imperial Japanese had to consolidate their Continental Possessions.
Possessions that actually treating the Natives as “Equals” to “Defend against European Imperialism” would have paid-off even more.
We are VERY LUCKY that the 20th Century Fascists’ Ideologies were so debilitating to producing Sound Strategies for waging War.
No one to stop them.. As soon as they we head to head with other carrers they lost
Not really, US lost Lexington in battle of Coral sea which eas the 1st carrier to carrier war, while Yorktown severely damaged, while Japanese only lost light carrier, the fleet carrier only suffers damage but can return with their own power
As you discussed partially in your impressive analysis, the quality of human resources was one decisive factor. Before WWII, Etajima Naval Academy was by far the most difficult school for any ambitious young man to enter, more so than the top imperial universities of those days. Literally the cream of the nation were trained there to become a naval officers, while as you mentioned NCOs aslo maintained the highest standard as a result of extremely rigorous selection, quite like Saburo Sakai, Japan's answer to Hans-Joachim Marseille. Somehow Sakai was assigned to the land-based naval air squadrons. But normally the best of the best were regrouped into the fleet air arms, ie pilots on aircraft carriers. And the intensity of their training was legendary. The motto was Mon-Mon-Tue-Wed-Thu-Fri-Fri meaning seven-day-week full training with no sabbath.
I'm pretty sure Shintoism and Buddhism have no such thing as the Sabbath
But I could be wrong
@@shanedoesyoutube8001 I know little about Buddhism. Anyway, Sabbath comes from the Creation in the biblical concept which Shintoism does not share at least on the face of it. But given the fact that thousands of Jews emigrated to Japan more than two thousand years ago and had some influence on Shintoism and the wider Japanese culture, there is room for further exploration on this subject.
The japanease war machine and it's navy had many deficiencies. Among them was the fact that they soon run out of qualified pilot. They realise then that quantity was also a quality...
>How the Japanese Carriers were so effective
Cause they had no decent opposition?
lol this
The British and Chinese are a pretty decent opposition don't you think?
@@veritasabsoluta4285 The Chinese was only a resistance on the ground, but not on the sea or air. This video is talking about the pacific war on the sea and air... and China didn't have a strong navy or air force back then. The British navy became only a decent enemy to Japan in the late years of the war, but during the early years the British attempts in the Pacific were rather pathetic (since they greatly underestimated the superior Japanese power in the first years of the war)
What are the 9 carriers, 1 light carrier listed here for the IJN? The typical list of IJN fleet carriers is (6) Akagi, Kaga, Hiryuu, Souryuu, Shoukaku, Zuikaku.
Are Ryuujou, Zuihou, Shouhou, and Hoshou being considered the 3 extra carriers + 1 light?
Most light aircraft carriers that the IJN had were just seaplane tenders but I agree that Japan did have more conventional light carriers than just the Shoho.
America was under the DANGER of underestimating chinese navy like how they underestimated japanese might at WW2
No the Chinese Navy is much smaller and inexperienced unlike the IJN. Also no one underestimated the IJN
What do you mean this episode not sponsored by *Kantai Collection*
They have good strategy but the technological advance and growing competency of allies caught up.
Are you forgetting the superior damage protection and damage control of the US Navy?
that very obviously isn't something that made IJN carriers effective. it would be appropriate to mention in a video titled "Why US Carriers were so effective"
Why they weren't affected by the 12 point failure that the US and Europe signed after 1918 so they kept their military research active. While most of the other allies dropped to 100,000 men and women armies. They actually had 1.6 million and building up a huge navy to rival Europe and the United states. So by 1941 their navy ratio to the US and allies was 6 to 1.
Stacked carriers are a double-edged sword. You deal more damage, but take more as well, as seen at Midway where Akagi, Kaga and Soryu were sunk in one attack.
IJN - the main holder of naval power is big ships with big guns
also IJN - let's hide the biggest ship with the biggest guns at home for the entire war
Is this what an ultimate warrior does??? A burrshit dispray
I dunno if this his been mentioned, and too sleepy to check, but of those 9 carriers I'm assuming 3 of them are Ryuujou, Shouhou and Zuihou. Technically these were light carriers according to the IJN while the Pearl Harbour Six were classified as Standard ie Fleet carriers. Hiyou and Junyou were also under the light carrier classification. The only true Fleet carriers built after the start of Japan-US hostilities were the three Unryuu class, Taihou and the Yamato-class Shinano, although she was sunk prior to completion.
the icon for "very long range" at 4:00 min, it's very confusing, it looks like a target practice or radar icon, instead of range, climb rate icon should be steeper
And yet even though you can reasonably say the Japanese navy had the upper hand in both planes and ships when you compare directly to their US counterparts, what we all forget is that for the Japanese to win ww2 they had to win each battle decisively, and never screw up even once. When they reliably do (since they are only human!) not only do they lose battle but the hard trained pilots with it. But an even bigger mistake now comes to mind when you see they lost 4 aircraft careers at the battle of midway only because they decided to bunch all 4 carriers into one easy to see and hit group. If it hand not been for Kids butai thinking they would have been separated and a lot harder to locate then; so learning the location of the fleet air arm makes them as good as dead before the battle even started, following the kido butai battle plan just cost Japan all its carriers and their trained crews to go with it! In as short as in 4 minutes they were gone, never really properly replaced!
It was brought about by the performance of the aircraft and the training of the crew. However, the commander was not good enough and the damage control of the aircraft carrier was also bad.
Their main defect was damage control and fire fighting aboard their ships.
An even bigger problem than DamCon for the IJN would be that they had no idea how to use or deal with submarines.
@@bkjeong4302 they knew how to use a submarine but IJN didnt put funding and training to combat submarines
fascinating... the striving of every man/country to further strictly his own/country/whatever's prestige leads to very little change post war... we are humanity
The U.S used multiple carriers working together with some success at Midway in 1942. 4-1 I think the score was.
The best aircraft carriers were definitely not Shokaku and Zuikaku. Best designs, maybe, but their combat effectiveness was the lowest among Japanese carriers.
Also I don't agree about Japanese doctrine vs US doctrine. Having Task Forces was more flexible than the Carrier Divisions and a simultaneously attack was better than waves of different planes.
To the depletion of pilot numbers contributed the Japanese culture as well. Where the USN made huge efforts to rescue it's pilots, the IJN wasn't even trying.
Just my opinion.
I think he specifies at the begining of the war. In 1940-1941, US doctrine was similar to the British: One carrier is enough. 2 is overkill. Not that they considered them so effective, but rather opposite. Carriers were still expected to perform limited roles, the fight being done by battleships.
As for simultaneous attack: nope. There is a lower limit, like how few planes you need to have to complete a mission and an upper limit where you had too many planes in the air too properly coordinate them. Furthermore, those planes need to take off and land. A landing and a take off would require 1 minute( I believe even this number might be too low). Now let's say a carrier sends everything on a simultaneous strike run. That would be 60 planes. IT WOULD TAKE YOU OVER AN HOUR. Basically, those guys that first took off would spend all their fuel circling around the fleet, waiting for the other guys to take off.
@@nottoday3817 You must check Drachinifel's channel for details on the Japanese plan and US one. The only difference between carrier roles that I can think quickly is that the US ones were conducting reconnaissance also.
A large strike is not impossible but the norm, example Pearl Harbour and Midway. The Japanese were attacking bases with both torpedo and dive bombers in one wave but when attacking ships the dive bombers went first. Taking into account that the USN had better AAA and radar their chances were lower IMO.
Shoukaku and Zuikaku are new at thaf tjme which is why many (especially Cardiv 1) think they are not so good.
However during Pearl Harbour their pilots have decent accuracy in bombing compare to Cardiv 1 and 2.
Also they are the first carrier that have Carrier to carrier battle and wins, compare to Cardiv 1 and 2.
Very appropriate sponsor for this video.
Another great video sir. You may want to add to your reading list a book called The First team. It is about us carrier operations in the early part of the Pacific War. There is a second I just can't learn title at the top of my head
I've maintained for some time that the Kido Butai was, in late 1941 into 1942, the most powerful naval force that had ever existed. They nailed multi-carrier operations. Had superior personnel and equipment (their dive bombers were weak but amazingly accurate) and, the factor you didn't mention, the Tone class CAs provided a search capability no other navy could equal.
The Pacific War would have been different (at least in 1942-43) if the IJN had stuck with the 6 carrier scheme that had worked so well for them.
Except they couldn't. For a start, lack of fuel oil was the problem that dogged the Japanese Navy throughout the war thanks to the successful destruction of the Borneo oil fields during the retreat of the ABDA naval force in early 1942. Secondly, they had to deploy carrier divisions were they were immediately needed, such as at Coral Sea to support the first invasion attempt at New Guinea. It was at that battle that the Shokaku got her flight deck ripped apart by American carrier based bombers which put her in the drydock for an entire year and the Zuikaku suffered the virtual annihilation of her entire strike wing, which was why those two ships were subsequently unavailable for Midway. And then of course at Midway, the Kido Butai was wiped out. That whole operation also cost the Imperial Fleet half of its entire fuel allocation for the year 1942, which subsequently crippled its operations in the Solomons Campaign.
@@LordZontar All true, but given the oil concerns and their need to strike the USN as hard as possible in the first 6 months, WHY did they get distracted by the Coral Sea and the Aleutians? The complexity of their offensive operations were typically Japanese, but made no sense given the limitations they were all too aware of.
The Japanese objective for invading New Guinea was to gain a jumping off point for a future invasion of Australia or at the least to gain complete control of the sea lanes to choke off resupply to ANZAC forces and to Gen. MacArthur, so that operation was no distraction but part of their overall strategic design. The Aleutians... that was part of the deception effort surrounding Operation MI. The Japanese plan counted upon William Halsey commanding the American fleet and thereby being reckless enough to immediately chase after the Aleutians invasion force so that when he would be forced to turn back to meet the threat at Midway his carriers would be caught and destroyed while still out of range to effectively defend the island. Given how Halsey would later fall for the bait at Cape Engano during the Leyte invasion, it was not at all an unreasonable surmise on the part of the Japanese that his aggressiveness could be easily exploited. It might not have worked out that way in any case even if Halsey actually had commanded the American task forces once HYPO had definitively identified Midway as the real Japanese target. Likely he would have done what Ray Spruance did in positioning his fleet to meet the main Japanese spearhead, especially as Spruance was his tactical aide during the hit-and-run carrier raids he conducted in the early months of the war. Halsey trusted Spruance for planning on those raids and would have been guided by his advice.
LordZontar you haven a lot misunderstandings:
1. The IJN had plenty of oil to start the war. They had been stockpiling. They had 48-50 million barrels. By the end of 1942 they had around 38 million barrels. When you consider the projection and timing of when the IJN wanted to sue for peace this was all within the time frame.
2. While you mention Shokaku got damaged you failed to note Lexington was sunk and Yorktown damaged. Zuikaku was not and she didn’t lose all her planes/pilots. Around 29 survived. If Shokaku’s planes/pilots transferred the IJN could have a full crew with Zuikaku and easily 70-75 planes for Midway.
The Kido Butai got wiped out at Midway due to poor battle planning. Battle of Coral Sea have taught the IJN that to sink Us carriers it costs too many pilots.
What the IJN should have done was use their battleships cruisers and destroyers. This is where they had the clear edge at Midway. It wasn’t even close.
Battleships 11-0
Cruisers 22-8
Destroyers 64-15
All the IJN had to do was use their carriers as a support force for the non carrier vessels.
All these vessels were present near Midway or they wasted even more fuel going to the Aleutians. The IJN had like 5 oilers too. Plenty of oil. Transports also.
In 1941 the Ark Royal class was considered superior to Japanese designs. The Illustrious class from 1940, had an armoured flight deck and hurricane bows, being considered the leading carrier design at the time. Japanese carriers, as US carriers, had wooden flight decks. Japanese and US carriers were bigger as they operated in the vast Pacific. They used planes as the "attack". British carriers were a part of a fleet with the battleships being the 'attack', performing a recon role and occasional torpedo attack.
British carriers were smaller, only meant to operate at around 10-14 days sea, as they were always near a friendly port. British carriers were envisaged to operate closer to shore, meeting more potent land based aircraft, so were armoured. Hence why they were used close in to Okinawa, where kamikazes bounced off them. British carriers had a control room that coordinated carrier and land based planes - the US adopted this design.