Machine planing, jointing, and sanding is not kind to wood. These processes can compress and crush the wood cells near the surface, interfering with the penetration and bonding of finishes. They may also partially detach wood fibers, creating “whiskers” that stand up when you apply a finish. The finish wicks up these fibers and hardens as dimples and bumps; detracting from the look and feel of the finished wood. For this reason, many craftsmen wipe down the wood surface with a little water when they finish sanding. Some even do it between each grit as they work their way from coarse to fine. The water swells the damaged cells, restoring the wood’s microstructure. It also raises the whiskers. After the surface dries, a light hand sanding with the last grit used will knock off the whiskers and smooth out any irregularities. This technique is known as “water-popping” or “raising the whiskers.” Some woodworkers prefer to wipe the wood with mineral spirits, naptha, or turpentine, especially when using an oil-based finish. These substances will not swell the grain as much, and consequently do not restore the microstructure of the wood as well. Wiping with water will not interfere with an oil-based finish so long as you allow the moisture to evaporate completely before applying that finish. Water popping takes a little time, but it results in a better finish. With the microstructure of the crushed cells restored, stains, dyes, and finishes penetrate more deeply and bond better. And with the whiskers removed, the cured surface is smoother. For some finishes, the deeper penetration makes the wood surface more translucent, accentuating the wood grain. In short, the final finish looks better, feels better, and lasts longer.
As a young cabinet maker, I remember wetting the surface with very thinned down animal glue, then sanding again when dry. The smell of that glue will stay with me until I die, like Chanel No. 5
Right there with you Ive been building furniture and cabinets for the last couple 30 years and nearly every video teaches me something the guy truly understands his craft.
my grandfather was an engineer and woodworker. he built many things like very fancy looking cabinetry, tables, a wooden horse for me, a crib for my sister, a toy model car, and among other things we have some old blueprints from a staircase he did on someone's house back in Italy. I'd like to think all these videos are the sort of things he'd be trying to teach me if he was still around today (though he'd be quite old, he was also a WW2 vet after all)
Sitting here 15 years later, I finally understand why my first woodworking project looked so bad. Well, one of the reasons. Thanks for the insight as always!
My father used to call it "raising the grain". I refinished many black walnut gun stocks that way with steel wool then applied linseed oil to a beautiful finish. You do great work
You’re legitimately the reason I’ve started this as a hobby - I’m very grateful for the work you do. My wife and I love watching your videos for both the obvious quality of your work but also the apparent joy you bring to it.
Thanks for explaining it in layman's terms (the how and WHY). I can't speak for the others here, but I enjoy learning why something is done so I can apply that skill and knowledge elsewhere.
Nice to see him passing on tips that every older woodworker knows. Stuff we use all the time that younger are pretty clueless about. Denatured alcohol works as well, doesn't pop the grain as much, dries much faster. if I'm not staining a wood, I finish with a hand plane, sharpened correctly it gives equivalent to a 1500 grit surface, which means it's shiny. No, it doesn't absorb much finish, the grain is pretty well sealed already.
I’ve literally just stumbled upon this majestic man, and spent the last 45 min binging his content. I am a very amateur woodworker. But my god, I just want this man to be my grandfather. I hope this guy is as half as amazing a person in real life, as he comes across in his videos.
I simply can not adequately convey just how much that i absolutely love your marvelous and calming channel. Watching your amazing tips and tricks on wood working is akin to watching an episode of Bob Ross.
As a youngster, my uncle taught me to dampen the surface with denatured alcohol to raise the grain. He said that the alcohol evaporates much faster, and eliminates the risk of leaving water marks. Once the alcohol is gone, sand the surface until smooth.
This was the short that got you my subscription. There's something so absolutely elegant about how a true master teaches: someone who has so much experience under their belt that they can teach a simple technique that absolutely transforms your own results. I am always delighted to come across your videos in my feed. Please, keep the amazing videos coming!
It’s genuinely amazing to me how he’s still finding new things to teach us, I’ve helped my dad woodwork on home projects for literally decades now and neither of us had ever even thought to that.
god i have so much respect for you knowing small stuff like this, especially since i feel like i know things like this in my craft, just little things other people wouldn't even know about but it serves a legitimate function
One of my favorite tips I’ve heard about finishing wood was after a top coat of a polyurethane, shellac or Lacquer, to buff it with brown paper from a bag or you may have gotten in a delivered package. Takes that bit of roughness from the finish and make it as smooth as glass
Have done this from time to time with lacquer and shellac finishes. Brown paper is a very fine abrasive capable of polishing the softer coating finishes such as nitrocellulose, lac, and alkyd resins. It's not as effective with the harder phenols and urethanes.
Your teaching style is very effective for me. Direct to the point, intelligent, and honest. Thank you for that. It also means I will review the video already watched when I encounter the challenge you covered. To me, that’s my best learning experience. 👍
Depending on the finish and the grain structure if you're going to a high grit (300+) I find that after you do your last sanding to go back with a rag lightly soaked in mineral spirits and to deep clean the surface with it. It wont pop the grain and it helps to pull all of the fine dust out of the pores of the wood leading to a more uniform finish.
Channels like yours are so, so appreciated. My friend and I bought a 115 year old house with the intention of fixing it up to live in, instead of flip like everyone kept suggesting. We realized pretty quick that we had no idea what we were in for 😅 One of the biggest learning curves has been going to the hardware store and not knowing what 80% of the products are for. We're used to the craft store where the relevent how-to books are nearby and most products have a handmade example, like a square of knitting hanging over a brand of yarn, so you can see and feel how it works up. We'll go to the hardware store and she'll pick something up and say "what's this?" and for the first year or so I'd take it, read the packaging, and say "dude, I have no idea." You and so many other creators have been such a huge help! The other day we were at a second hand tool shop and she picked something up and said "um, a huge bullet? The tag says plumb bob" and I actually knew what it was and what it was for! It was 2 bucks, so we got it for when we put up fences, since nothing in the actual house will ever be plumb or level. No such thing as a 90 degree angle in a house that has hand hewn studs in the walls, spaced 26 inches apart hahaha
Fun tip. For common renovation tasks, home depot has "Home improvement 1-2-3" and many other books of similar name (Deck building 1-2-3, Electrical 1-2-3, etc) that offer practical explanation on how to do these things yourself. Recommend for anyone new and tradesmen looking for a quick reference or a few new tips. 😊
one of the things i love about this channel that makes it accessible to people who haven’t even worked with wood a day in their life, you explain everything that other people often wouldn’t very succinctly. most channels probably wouldn’t have mentioned the reason why you sand after it dries, just that you’re supposed to, but you do! thank you!
She helps with most everything. I've had working dogs (border collies) all my life, but I've never had one that is this engaged in everything I do. I have to put her on a down-stay when I'm working with power tools, and you can just see her impatience building as she waits to re-engage.
Idk how this is so drastically different from other channels, but I fell genuinly learning something which came from experience rather than from some textbooks. Almost none of your tips had I heard before and I use quite a lot of said textbooks to better my craftsmanship.
40 years in the trades, which included architectural millwork, casework, and LOTS of time in the booth. I learned finishing from an apprenticeship ship trained millworker/ finish guy, who use to beat on anyone who would walk up to his bench and lean on his freshly sanded work with their elbows or arms… he would have to resand that before it hit the booth because the oils in the skin could create blotchy spots in the finish!! I also worked with my cousin who was trained in high end fishing in a union driven stain shop. Working with him, I learned filling grain w/burlap, and the finer details of color toning. I loved working the booth yet First time EVER heard about this! 😮 Even the Mohawk guy who was a top end finisher never suggested this when doing furniture repairs.. 60 years old and I’m still learning stuff every day!
I was in my late 50s when someone explained this to me. Water-based finishes were just beginning to be taken seriously, and craftsmen were finding they HAD to raise the grain before they could apply these new finishes. Later on, we found the this process benefitted all finishes. The raised/expanded grain made the wood on the surface less dense, this increased the translucence that the finish imparts, showcasing the grain and increasing the perception of depth.
I'm new to woodworking, learned early on in wood shop when I was in middle school and high school. Getting backed into it the last year or so I can't believe I'm only just now finding your channel. While I know some of your suggestions others I figured out on my own still others are brand new information keep up the good work this is a great channel.
Brilliant, wish I had this channel to watch when I was an apprentice. Learning the ropes in a traditional joinery shop was tough but this sort of thing would have helped between days.
After watching your videos for some time now and always waiting for your next installment. I have discovered the problem with your videos! There's not enough of them and they are often shorter than what I would prefer. In any event I love what you do and your willingness to share a lifetime of learned lessons with the world. Thank you for all you do. Have a great day.
Thank you so much, and perfect timing. I’m refinishing some old cutting boards and was not sure what to do with the roughness that was appearing when the board got wet. Now I understand the issue and know what to do. 😁
A year ago I looked up some basic tips so I could put a finish on my kitchen worktop (food safe oil fwiw). I'm familiar with some basic metal working as my dad is a welder/fabricator, and I did some basic metalworking in school but I had no experience with carpentry. I've been getting your shorts since then and I love them. Great info in a really nice format.
I don't even have a wood shop and I watch these shorts every single time they pop up. It's a little bit like a 1 minute New Yankee Workshop, a show I loved growing up (when I also didn't have a wood shop).
Every time I watch a video on this channel I'm reminded of a VP at a cabinet mill I worked at. Once I started using hand tools to fix errors that a $400k machine he bought made; he found a reason to get rid of me.
In germany most furniture makers like myself, we just Apply the coating twice. The First Time so the Fibers Pop up and we can Sand those down and then a second Coating is apllied. Its a good war because the coating penetrates deeper in the surface. But the Water is a good tip too
An old guy taught that in wood shop in hi-school. I don't recall in which of the 7 years. That was over ½ a century ago. This is the only time I've heard it again.
Machine planing, jointing, and sanding is not kind to wood. These processes can compress and crush the wood cells near the surface, interfering with the penetration and bonding of finishes. They may also partially detach wood fibers, creating “whiskers” that stand up when you apply a finish. The finish wicks up these fibers and hardens as dimples and bumps; detracting from the look and feel of the finished wood.
For this reason, many craftsmen wipe down the wood surface with a little water when they finish sanding. Some even do it between each grit as they work their way from coarse to fine. The water swells the damaged cells, restoring the wood’s microstructure. It also raises the whiskers. After the surface dries, a light hand sanding with the last grit used will knock off the whiskers and smooth out any irregularities. This technique is known as “water-popping” or “raising the whiskers.”
Some woodworkers prefer to wipe the wood with mineral spirits, naptha, or turpentine, especially when using an oil-based finish. These substances will not swell the grain as much, and consequently do not restore the microstructure of the wood as well. Wiping with water will not interfere with an oil-based finish so long as you allow the moisture to evaporate completely before applying that finish.
Water popping takes a little time, but it results in a better finish. With the microstructure of the crushed cells restored, stains, dyes, and finishes penetrate more deeply and bond better. And with the whiskers removed, the cured surface is smoother. For some finishes, the deeper penetration makes the wood surface more translucent, accentuating the wood grain. In short, the final finish looks better, feels better, and lasts longer.
Is there any downside to using mineral spirits or alcohol to wipe away sanding dust before apply a finish?
As a young cabinet maker, I remember wetting the surface with very thinned down animal glue, then sanding again when dry. The smell of that glue will stay with me until I die, like Chanel No. 5
@@warriorsmustang1784 Neither swells the wood fibers as well as water.
@WorkshopCompanion thank you for all the wealth of knowledge you so graciously gift us.
@@malal6512 Most welcome.
The best woodworking tips on the web. Dude even breaks down the science so we can learn theory while learning application. Truly a gem.
Thanks for the kind words.
100% agree.
Right there with you Ive been building furniture and cabinets for the last couple 30 years and nearly every video teaches me something the guy truly understands his craft.
my grandfather was an engineer and woodworker. he built many things like very fancy looking cabinetry, tables, a wooden horse for me, a crib for my sister, a toy model car, and among other things we have some old blueprints from a staircase he did on someone's house back in Italy. I'd like to think all these videos are the sort of things he'd be trying to teach me if he was still around today (though he'd be quite old, he was also a WW2 vet after all)
@@TheJunky228 Thanks for sharing.
I've been water popping with 50% water 50% ISO alcohol. Dries really fast and pops those fibers 😎
That’s smart, I’ll be giving that a try asap
Sitting here 15 years later, I finally understand why my first woodworking project looked so bad. Well, one of the reasons.
Thanks for the insight as always!
My father used to call it "raising the grain". I refinished many black walnut gun stocks that way with steel wool then applied linseed oil to a beautiful finish.
You do great work
You’re legitimately the reason I’ve started this as a hobby - I’m very grateful for the work you do. My wife and I love watching your videos for both the obvious quality of your work but also the apparent joy you bring to it.
Thanks for the kind words.
Thanks ‘Woodwork-Santa’
I love your content
Thanks for explaining it in layman's terms (the how and WHY). I can't speak for the others here, but I enjoy learning why something is done so I can apply that skill and knowledge elsewhere.
Nothing worse than getting the equivalent of "Because I said so" as an adult when you're trying to improve yourself.
I found I out that I knew nothing about wood. This guy is incredible.
It would be great to have him as a neighbor.
Nice to see him passing on tips that every older woodworker knows. Stuff we use all the time that younger are pretty clueless about. Denatured alcohol works as well, doesn't pop the grain as much, dries much faster. if I'm not staining a wood, I finish with a hand plane, sharpened correctly it gives equivalent to a 1500 grit surface, which means it's shiny. No, it doesn't absorb much finish, the grain is pretty well sealed already.
I’ve literally just stumbled upon this majestic man, and spent the last 45 min binging his content. I am a very amateur woodworker. But my god, I just want this man to be my grandfather. I hope this guy is as half as amazing a person in real life, as he comes across in his videos.
Amazing teacher. Very knowledgeable.
Bro is gonna help me make the finest guitars
I came across this guy yesterday and instantly was hooked.
I simply can not adequately convey just how much that i absolutely love your marvelous and calming channel. Watching your amazing tips and tricks on wood working is akin to watching an episode of Bob Ross.
When you put the water on, and I saw that precious paw appear on your hand....my heart melted!!!!!
I've been seeing woodworkers do this and I had no idea why, now I know thanks!
Most welcome.
I never heard of this before. Thanks for the helpful tip.
This Gentleman is so Wise.
This gentleman be poppin that water.
As a youngster, my uncle taught me to dampen the surface with denatured alcohol to raise the grain. He said that the alcohol evaporates much faster, and eliminates the risk of leaving water marks. Once the alcohol is gone, sand the surface until smooth.
This was the short that got you my subscription.
There's something so absolutely elegant about how a true master teaches: someone who has so much experience under their belt that they can teach a simple technique that absolutely transforms your own results.
I am always delighted to come across your videos in my feed. Please, keep the amazing videos coming!
It’s genuinely amazing to me how he’s still finding new things to teach us, I’ve helped my dad woodwork on home projects for literally decades now and neither of us had ever even thought to that.
god i have so much respect for you knowing small stuff like this, especially since i feel like i know things like this in my craft, just little things other people wouldn't even know about but it serves a legitimate function
The knowledge you share in these shorts is incredible
Its been a dream of mine for a few years to refinish furniture... your videos encourage me more to try one day....
Do it! Don’t let anybody stop you.
Excellent!!!! I knew of this technique but never realized it is more important for water based finishes (it makes so much sense) thank you!!!!
Most welcome.
Learn something new from you almost every video. So appreciate your knowledge.
Every friggin time I watch one of your videos, I learn something new... every time.
Has anybody else called you the Einstein of woodworking? Love your videos. Keep ‘em coming!
No, this is Bell’s dad from Beauty and the Beast, all day 😂
You look like science and I mean that in the best way possible
I love these short format of your tips, very clever tips and straight to the point
One of my favorite tips I’ve heard about finishing wood was after a top coat of a polyurethane, shellac or Lacquer, to buff it with brown paper from a bag or you may have gotten in a delivered package. Takes that bit of roughness from the finish and make it as smooth as glass
Have done this from time to time with lacquer and shellac finishes. Brown paper is a very fine abrasive capable of polishing the softer coating finishes such as nitrocellulose, lac, and alkyd resins. It's not as effective with the harder phenols and urethanes.
I keep a pack of lunch bags in a drawer for this. Plane shavings do a great job, too.
Your teaching style is very effective for me. Direct to the point, intelligent, and honest. Thank you for that. It also means I will review the video already watched when I encounter the challenge you covered. To me, that’s my best learning experience. 👍
Thanks for the kind woirds.
Depending on the finish and the grain structure if you're going to a high grit (300+) I find that after you do your last sanding to go back with a rag lightly soaked in mineral spirits and to deep clean the surface with it. It wont pop the grain and it helps to pull all of the fine dust out of the pores of the wood leading to a more uniform finish.
That’s a good tip. I like to use 320 because I like the feel, but it’s hard to get an even finish.
I always learn something when I see this guy.
You remind me a lot of my apprenticeship instructor who recently passed. Keep up the great work young tradesman need the knowledge you can give.
Now, does he remind you of your instructor before he passed away, or after ?
Personally I find his presentation quite lively and interesting. ;O)
Important step. I use the scrub side of an old sponge.
As someone that works in the paint department at a hardware store this is really cool to know
This was fun! I dont even do woodworking but I still enjoyed the video!
Channels like yours are so, so appreciated.
My friend and I bought a 115 year old house with the intention of fixing it up to live in, instead of flip like everyone kept suggesting.
We realized pretty quick that we had no idea what we were in for 😅
One of the biggest learning curves has been going to the hardware store and not knowing what 80% of the products are for.
We're used to the craft store where the relevent how-to books are nearby and most products have a handmade example, like a square of knitting hanging over a brand of yarn, so you can see and feel how it works up.
We'll go to the hardware store and she'll pick something up and say "what's this?" and for the first year or so I'd take it, read the packaging, and say "dude, I have no idea."
You and so many other creators have been such a huge help! The other day we were at a second hand tool shop and she picked something up and said "um, a huge bullet? The tag says plumb bob" and I actually knew what it was and what it was for! It was 2 bucks, so we got it for when we put up fences, since nothing in the actual house will ever be plumb or level. No such thing as a 90 degree angle in a house that has hand hewn studs in the walls, spaced 26 inches apart hahaha
Fun tip. For common renovation tasks, home depot has "Home improvement 1-2-3" and many other books of similar name (Deck building 1-2-3, Electrical 1-2-3, etc) that offer practical explanation on how to do these things yourself.
Recommend for anyone new and tradesmen looking for a quick reference or a few new tips. 😊
@@alcoholdonkey Thank you! I'll keep an out for those next time I'm there
I don't know why this guy popped up on my feed suggestions, but after such interesting tips I'm sure I'm going to be extra thankful someday. 😁
A rare channel that actually has great facts and information, I don’t do woodwork, But I love to learn
Master Class in 60 seconds...
PLEASE keep going.
That's the plan.
one of the things i love about this channel that makes it accessible to people who haven’t even worked with wood a day in their life, you explain everything that other people often wouldn’t very succinctly. most channels probably wouldn’t have mentioned the reason why you sand after it dries, just that you’re supposed to, but you do! thank you!
I love that your best friend decided to help with the water popping. :)
She helps with most everything. I've had working dogs (border collies) all my life, but I've never had one that is this engaged in everything I do. I have to put her on a down-stay when I'm working with power tools, and you can just see her impatience building as she waits to re-engage.
I was just about to try refinishing something for the first time in my life and never knew this. Perfect timing and excellent tip! Thank you!
Thank you, I’m going to use this on all my future wood working.
Love this guys videos. Friendly, concise, helpful. Easily my favourite tips channel.
What a relief!
Water is the remedy for experts!
There's no way I'm going to remember this, but man, I appreciate you explaining it! Best YT channel.
Thanks.
Idk how this is so drastically different from other channels, but I fell genuinly learning something which came from experience rather than from some textbooks.
Almost none of your tips had I heard before and I use quite a lot of said textbooks to better my craftsmanship.
I love this. You make it so approachable and informative
This is necessary on wood floors before staining it dark. We just call it washing, and we use a rag with a bucket full of really warm water.
So much usefull info squeezed neatly into a short.
40 years in the trades, which included architectural millwork, casework, and LOTS of time in the booth. I learned finishing from an apprenticeship ship trained millworker/ finish guy, who use to beat on anyone who would walk up to his bench and lean on his freshly sanded work with their elbows or arms… he would have to resand that before it hit the booth because the oils in the skin could create blotchy spots in the finish!!
I also worked with my cousin who was trained in high end fishing in a union driven stain shop. Working with him, I learned filling grain w/burlap, and the finer details of color toning.
I loved working the booth yet First time EVER heard about this! 😮 Even the Mohawk guy who was a top end finisher never suggested this when doing furniture repairs.. 60 years old and I’m still learning stuff every day!
I was in my late 50s when someone explained this to me. Water-based finishes were just beginning to be taken seriously, and craftsmen were finding they HAD to raise the grain before they could apply these new finishes. Later on, we found the this process benefitted all finishes. The raised/expanded grain made the wood on the surface less dense, this increased the translucence that the finish imparts, showcasing the grain and increasing the perception of depth.
I'm new to woodworking, learned early on in wood shop when I was in middle school and high school. Getting backed into it the last year or so I can't believe I'm only just now finding your channel. While I know some of your suggestions others I figured out on my own still others are brand new information keep up the good work this is a great channel.
Brilliant, wish I had this channel to watch when I was an apprentice. Learning the ropes in a traditional joinery shop was tough but this sort of thing would have helped between days.
You're a great communicator and your tips are invaluable. Thanks for the videos man
I love how you think 💭 and show us with detail on how to do the work properly. Good job 👏
My dad showed me how to do this when I was 12 years old! Keep passing down the knowledge brother
After watching your videos for some time now and always waiting for your next installment. I have discovered the problem with your videos! There's not enough of them and they are often shorter than what I would prefer. In any event I love what you do and your willingness to share a lifetime of learned lessons with the world. Thank you for all you do. Have a great day.
Thanks for your kind words.
See, I never knew why is wasn't every time that wood pops - now I know that it is fibres that has been loosened.
Thanks!
Thank you so much, and perfect timing. I’m refinishing some old cutting boards and was not sure what to do with the roughness that was appearing when the board got wet. Now I understand the issue and know what to do. 😁
A year ago I looked up some basic tips so I could put a finish on my kitchen worktop (food safe oil fwiw). I'm familiar with some basic metal working as my dad is a welder/fabricator, and I did some basic metalworking in school but I had no experience with carpentry. I've been getting your shorts since then and I love them. Great info in a really nice format.
I don't even have a wood shop and I watch these shorts every single time they pop up. It's a little bit like a 1 minute New Yankee Workshop, a show I loved growing up (when I also didn't have a wood shop).
I was taught Raising the Grain but hes right works great
I don’t even care about any of this - but I do now! Shows what a great educator can do 😁
I actually knew this one! Love the videos
This is so good. I’ve never heard of this before.
Wish I knew this before my last project… thank you!!
Most welcome.
I learned this in high school when making the top to a desk and it's still in use today
I do this before apply oil or water based products every time because it flippin works
Thanks for this reminder and sharing your knowledge! 👍
What helps to speed up this process is to use warm water.
Sure. Evaporates faster. If I'm in a hurry, I usually dry it with a heat gun.
Every time I watch a video on this channel I'm reminded of a VP at a cabinet mill I worked at.
Once I started using hand tools to fix errors that a $400k machine he bought made; he found a reason to get rid of me.
This content is pure gold.
Thank you for sharing your knowledge !
Most welcome.
I do that. Heard it called 'Raising the grain'... what ever the name, it works ❗️
In germany most furniture makers like myself, we just Apply the coating twice. The First Time so the Fibers Pop up and we can Sand those down and then a second Coating is apllied. Its a good war because the coating penetrates deeper in the surface. But the Water is a good tip too
Those magic paws!!
That is such an awesome small trick. Just water. Nothing else.
I needed this!!!
this is so useful to know, I cant believe I didmt think of this myself 🤦🏽♀️
Thank you !
Ohhhh my goodness! I have wondered about this on some of my projects…thank you!!
Most welcome.
Another thing I had no idea about; that I can take into any future projects, and make them THAT much BETTER!
KEEP UP THE GREAT WORK!! 😁
An old guy taught that in wood shop in hi-school. I don't recall in which of the 7 years. That was over ½ a century ago. This is the only time I've heard it again.
Loving these tips & tricks.
You sir are a godsend
Thank you!!
My goodness this is so awesome! Thank you!
I liked your video the second I seen subtitles. Bravo my good Sir!
Thanks.
Dude’s like the Bob Ross of wood working and I love it.
Love your tips and tricks man
Love your videos I just got into woodworking and learned a lot from your videos I really appreciate it
Nice.. this info is very helpful to new woodworking enthusiasts like me.❤
Cheers for that mate 👍
Good information
Amazing content
You helped me understand that so quickly and easily. Thank you!
Thank you, master 🙏🏼
Thanks again