What Is Hadrian's Wall?

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  • Опубликовано: 3 фев 2025

Комментарии • 197

  • @ArksCovenant
    @ArksCovenant 2 года назад +25

    A perfect little video on Hadrian's Wall, and brief history of it. Thank you very much.

  • @toffitagufa8777
    @toffitagufa8777 2 года назад +62

    We are going to build a wall, a great wall and the celts are gonna pay for it!
    - Emperor Hadrian 117 A.D

    • @NSJeremiah
      @NSJeremiah 2 года назад +5

      Freaking underrated comment😂-🎺 24!

    • @PortmanRd
      @PortmanRd 8 месяцев назад +1

      Good one. 😂

    • @razorsharpbt124
      @razorsharpbt124 5 месяцев назад

      Believe me.

    • @julia2k8
      @julia2k8 4 дня назад

      A big beautiful wall, a tremendous wall!

  • @nathantisdale2013
    @nathantisdale2013 3 года назад +38

    I live an hours drive a way from Hadrians wall but I’ve only ever drove through when visiting Scotland. I shall walk it one day

    • @kelb0y9o20
      @kelb0y9o20 Год назад +11

      Its been a year did you walk it yet

    • @graceamerican3558
      @graceamerican3558 Год назад +2

      I will be visiting it in a month. You have no idea how excited I am to finally see this. ❤

    • @Bedmoments
      @Bedmoments 7 месяцев назад

      @@graceamerican3558how did it go?

  • @richmondbryannagera8558
    @richmondbryannagera8558 4 года назад +175

    Hadrian got this idea from "The Wall" in Game of Thrones.

    • @aperson3394
      @aperson3394 4 года назад +23

      Not many people know this

    • @adamajobe1756
      @adamajobe1756 4 года назад +4

      😂😂

    • @adamajobe1756
      @adamajobe1756 4 года назад +8

      Its like a time paradox, hadrian got it from George, george got it from hadrian's wall

    • @ygoralexandre2009
      @ygoralexandre2009 3 года назад +12

      Hmm, i was pretty he got it from Pink Floyd's 1979 album

    • @eddiejairo1459
      @eddiejairo1459 3 года назад

      i guess Im kinda off topic but does anyone know a good site to watch new series online ?

  • @rodrrico
    @rodrrico 4 года назад +77

    One day, I shall walk this entire wall.

    • @lauramenzies9042
      @lauramenzies9042 3 года назад +6

      Doing that tomorrow!

    • @b172ddm2
      @b172ddm2 2 года назад +3

      oh they doing it right now as we speak.

    • @BrokenGamerYT
      @BrokenGamerYT 2 года назад +1

      @@lauramenzies9042 how did that go

    • @ArksCovenant
      @ArksCovenant 2 года назад

      "But it is not on this day."

  • @pigjubby1
    @pigjubby1 4 года назад +39

    Was there in 1995. Everyone asked "Why?" I loved it.

    • @angeloargentieri5605
      @angeloargentieri5605 4 года назад +5

      Roma il più grande e glorioso impero della storia, la grandezza, la potenza, la magnificenza e la gloria di ROMA È AETERNA, ROMA INVICTA ET LUX MUNDI 💪💯

    • @antistiolabeo8950
      @antistiolabeo8950 2 года назад +1

      @@angeloargentieri5605 It's "aeterna"

    • @graceamerican3558
      @graceamerican3558 Год назад +2

      I will be visiting it next month. I am excited.

  • @eltabordakike
    @eltabordakike 3 года назад +16

    Great job. I enjoyed this video. Perfect!

    • @Polypal3D
      @Polypal3D 2 года назад +1

      I only hate the bracelet... this is an invention from Hollywood. Roman Soldier didn't wear them ....

  • @martinb6065
    @martinb6065 2 года назад +11

    Did you know this is the wall that inspire the iced wall in GoT.

  • @anismartini7405
    @anismartini7405 4 года назад +8

    Thanks 🙏 for the informations

  • @jasonfarrow7033
    @jasonfarrow7033 2 года назад +2

    Excellent video! Thank you.

  • @Liimed_
    @Liimed_ 4 года назад +12

    Quelle incroyable vidéo, un chef d'œuvre cinématographique allié avec une musique palpitante. Mes félicitations (Ps: UwU balustrade)

  • @gesp2742
    @gesp2742 2 года назад +9

    WOW, Hadrian is so famous that he has he's own wall

    • @gesp2742
      @gesp2742 2 года назад

      His*

    • @salasrcp90
      @salasrcp90 2 года назад +1

      Trump has his own wall too but I doubt it will make it past 50 years lol 😂

    • @graceamerican3558
      @graceamerican3558 Год назад

      @@salasrcp90yes it will be finished in far less time. FJB

  • @mikef.1000
    @mikef.1000 Год назад +3

    Many assertions in this video don't make sense. So, it was to "reinforce Rome's supreme confidence that they could go anywhere and do anything" (5:00)? But they could not hold territory north of the wall, and the wall itself was a confession that that was the case.

    • @dbk6149
      @dbk6149 11 месяцев назад +2

      This is covered at about 2:45. "Unlike his predecessor ,Trajan, Hadrian didn't continue the expansionist policy... wanted to stabilize and consolidate the empire" They're talking about the construction of the wall itself as a feat that reinforced the idea they could do anything

  • @benjaminparkinson5255
    @benjaminparkinson5255 7 месяцев назад +1

    The sycamore tree was,so iconic as well

  • @BobrKurwa522
    @BobrKurwa522 Год назад +5

    “Reinforced Romes confidence that they can go anywhere and do anything”….. except conquer the northern Celts

    • @Valhalla88888
      @Valhalla88888 Год назад +2

      Picts

    • @ronhall9394
      @ronhall9394 7 месяцев назад +1

      The Romans did go north, built another wall between the Clyde and Forth and then continued up - there were roman forts up to Inverness.
      Why they didn't stay was probably a few reasons, the main one being resource extraction - they mustn't have found anything worth mining in the area (Britain as a while was known for it's tin, lead and gold) and the second main reason was probably manpower, the Legions were in short supply and always needed in other parts of the empire. Additionally the British tribes that were nominally 'pacified' did kick off from time to time so their lines of communication from the south coast and on to the continent were not always as secure as they should be. The Romans pulled back from the Antonine Wall not because of the pressure from the tribes to the north but because the Brigantes (who lived in what is now North Yorkshire) creating a fuss and compromising their supply routes.

    • @last7509
      @last7509 6 месяцев назад

      and they were indeed super magical people which im sure rome feared.

  • @dellmanification
    @dellmanification 2 года назад +7

    If he built the wall to keep the Picts out he wasn't very successful Antoninus Pius had to build another one in central Scotland.

  • @honeybadger2129
    @honeybadger2129 Год назад +7

    If, like they say in this video that the wall was a reminder that they could go anywhere and do anything, why didn’t the just take over Scotland? 😆

    • @philippamediwake1235
      @philippamediwake1235 Год назад +1

      Because Hadrian was done with war!

    • @spikefunakoshi5667
      @spikefunakoshi5667 Месяц назад

      The Roans took land because it had some value to them. Precious metals, grain etc. Scotland had nothing the Roman's wanted that they could not get through trade.

  • @perraultguillaume7748
    @perraultguillaume7748 4 года назад +8

    Très bonne vidéo !

  • @kopynd1
    @kopynd1 3 года назад +4

    how did the romans know when pangia split and the earths crust started to devide and where the wall is built, the land mass on the north side was once part of norway clever engineers, in my eyes theres has only and will only be two empires, roman and victorian empires

  • @vantatilfly
    @vantatilfly 3 года назад +1

    whats .a vallum?

  • @cheincito
    @cheincito 2 года назад +2

    The jon snow make the cokie cokie with sam there.

  • @Oscar_Davies
    @Oscar_Davies Год назад +2

    got you

  • @Maxiey1
    @Maxiey1 7 месяцев назад +1

    We couldn’t build that today within 6 years

  • @byarsjay
    @byarsjay Год назад +3

    117 AD. Anno Domini

  • @Ghostrick74
    @Ghostrick74 4 года назад +12

    Merci grâce à vous on perd 30 minutes d'anglais les frerots 👍

    • @ric9562
      @ric9562 3 года назад +2

      Moi c’est évaluer mais carré

    • @Ghostrick74
      @Ghostrick74 3 года назад

      Mdrr force à toi alors

  • @auroramule864
    @auroramule864 4 месяца назад

    Per imporre la propria volontà all'ambiente

  • @krisshaw5249
    @krisshaw5249 Год назад +3

    Construction of the wall didn't begin in 122 CE, it began in 122 AD.

    • @grenuille8733
      @grenuille8733 Год назад +4

      CE refers to the same period as AD

    • @janisauzins4103
      @janisauzins4103 Месяц назад

      Well it started in 122 AD and ended in 126 CE, which means it took negative 4 years according to my calculations

    • @josephpong1887
      @josephpong1887 24 дня назад

      AD 122
      The Year of Our Lord

  • @adnaanu
    @adnaanu 8 месяцев назад +2

    The Chinese knock-off version is longer and can be seen from space.

  • @realtissaye
    @realtissaye 3 года назад +4

    wow

  • @memezoffuckery3207
    @memezoffuckery3207 2 года назад

    2:23 *Iberia

  • @kcmo1992
    @kcmo1992 3 года назад +6

    To keep Celts out. Celts drank the blood of their dead and practiced withcraft!

    • @ap6480
      @ap6480 3 года назад +4

      And also because the regions north of birtannia were kind of useless and conquer it would just unecessarly stretch the empire more

    • @ap6480
      @ap6480 3 года назад +2

      Conquering Britannia was already kind of unecessary and was basically just propaganda for emperor Claudius

    • @malcolmstead272
      @malcolmstead272 3 года назад

      What's wrong with that?

    • @colinearnshaw7725
      @colinearnshaw7725 3 года назад +1

      You are aware that all the Britons were Celt? So that includes all the Britons living in the area now known as 'England'.

    • @rnies6849
      @rnies6849 3 года назад

      @@colinearnshaw7725 but the Angles and Saxons and Danish were no Celts!

  • @0401412740
    @0401412740 5 лет назад +2

    Where can I get a single user subscription?

    • @callum__
      @callum__ 4 года назад

      just click the red sub button

  • @AnthonyHolmes-on2tb
    @AnthonyHolmes-on2tb 6 месяцев назад

    Fortified road between coasts to transport metals slaves wool and iron brew

  • @saimunhabib8060
    @saimunhabib8060 2 года назад

    Largest empire
    Mongols: I am a joke to you

    • @antistiolabeo8950
      @antistiolabeo8950 2 года назад +1

      Their empire was territorial very extensive but not even remotely comparable to the Roman Empire in organization or social-political complexity. No wonder you can still wonder around Roman walls all over Europe (and more) but won't find any tangible signs of the mongols' conquest nowadays.

  • @sjr2799
    @sjr2799 4 года назад +4

    Who is doing this for work?

  • @juharon
    @juharon Год назад

    what are the odds that the wall and the emperor had the same name.

  • @aleccap5946
    @aleccap5946 2 года назад +2

    Did Rome never get into China and India ?

    • @KukiCrusader
      @KukiCrusader 2 года назад +1

      China fell to horse nomads, ruled by a Mongol dynasty for 3 centuries. India was raided by Turko-Afghan rulers, was ruled by the Mughals right till the British showed up. So no, they had their own unique history. Mongols and Mughals are China and Indias, conqueror/rulers. In fact in India, they despise this past so much that there are news channel, where they curse Babur, the first Mughal King in India, don’t you know, its hyper patriotic right now in India just from the fact that a 500 years ago old ruler is being shat at!!

    • @神成子
      @神成子 2 года назад +1

      Comparison between ancient Rome and ancient China Just like the Maya and the Spanish,You should be lucky that there is an Arab world between them, or you will speak mandarin today,As for India, it has never been a unified country. It is a nation established after British colonization,and then learn more about history,Don't immerse yourself in the dog world

    • @aleccap5946
      @aleccap5946 2 года назад

      @@神成子 I never asked this ?

    • @神成子
      @神成子 2 года назад

      ​@@KukiCrusader Compared with the fragmentary and superficial history you know,For Primates🐒like you who have just evolved from the jungle,The toilet and your biological father is the real problem you should consider~

  • @arth_chart5280
    @arth_chart5280 3 года назад +2

    Were the Northern people so short 🙄

    • @colinearnshaw7725
      @colinearnshaw7725 3 года назад +1

      No. The Brigantes were described as 'tall and noble'

    • @malcolmstead272
      @malcolmstead272 2 года назад +1

      No, that's why the wall is there, the ancient Brits were bigger than the Romans, but the Romans had better technology.

    • @KukiCrusader
      @KukiCrusader 2 года назад

      U know guys something really interesting. Polar and Arctic animals/species tend to be larger in general than their grassland cousins and even more so than their rainforest counterparts. Its the reason polar animals are bigger as they loose less heat, since their surface area to volume ratio is lesser. I know its applied for mammalian fauna, but aren’t humans mammals as well?! Why can’t this phenomenon be true for human populations as well? Although this, businesses of Big Nord/Smaller Briton thing might be the remnants of this phenomenon playing a part way before, like around the Neolithic age, or when Neanderthals still roamed the earth. I am in no way suggesting this to be recent as even within 4000 years of human history. Food for thought? Genetic drift like that takes a long time, and given how long back these migrations were, it might just be enough that by the time, of the Romans, this difference became noticeable..

  • @amuktadir1991
    @amuktadir1991 Год назад

    Kindly donn't take it heart if I said something wrong.

  • @jimmcfarlane5611
    @jimmcfarlane5611 10 месяцев назад

    Did Hadrian ever come to England?

  • @ErinNamiga
    @ErinNamiga 7 месяцев назад

    Adrian + Hadi = hadrian

  • @iam1remnant
    @iam1remnant 2 года назад

    There were black people in the Roman Empire. I don’t know why everyone says they conquered all over the ancient world but documentaries still depict the people as only white.

    • @AdrianDanielGuard
      @AdrianDanielGuard 2 года назад

      They were fewer than whites because they mostly came from the African provinces. And even there most where white-ish Berbers

    • @thechosennationofisrael978
      @thechosennationofisrael978 2 года назад +1

      The romans never conquered sub-saharan Africa

    • @G.A.C_Preserve
      @G.A.C_Preserve Год назад +1

      Because it's the majority
      The minority is not important enough for it to be depicted

    • @williamsherman1089
      @williamsherman1089 Год назад

      So the hell what 🥱

    • @Yakov-cr1sc
      @Yakov-cr1sc 7 месяцев назад

      They aren't 'white-ish' they're brown, some of them look very similar to East-Africans.
      ​@@AdrianDanielGuard

  • @janisauzins4103
    @janisauzins4103 Месяц назад +1

    No army can cross this! As long as it's an army of sheep.

  • @PikaChu-kj4ms
    @PikaChu-kj4ms 2 года назад +1

    Hadrian stole this idea from George RR Martin

  • @amuktadir1991
    @amuktadir1991 2 месяца назад

    Hotat KORE Valentine MONE PORE JABE AR here's traveling and education at 2881.

  • @josenakashima1388
    @josenakashima1388 3 года назад +9

    Mmm...if they were so mighty, why the need for a wall. Feel that Scottish pride welling up😁

    • @dontgivamonkeyz
      @dontgivamonkeyz 2 года назад

      Funny how the Romans needed a wall but the English have never needed one.

    • @lucylane7397
      @lucylane7397 2 года назад

      It’s. It on the Scott border it’s entirely in England

    • @KukiCrusader
      @KukiCrusader 2 года назад

      If the Americans are so mighty, why build the wall with Mexico? I think moving earth, building mega structures is way to perpetuate their superiority. No? I think the Romans, and Hadrian were thinking on the same lines…sadly but yea it can be taken with pride. People remember the Mongol conquest of China not the valiant defense of the Chinese. 🫡

    • @Valhalla88888
      @Valhalla88888 Год назад +1

      Picts

  • @dariussaul5642
    @dariussaul5642 3 года назад +10

    600 hundred years later the barbarians rather stay with Rome I mean the EU 😂

    • @KrMorgan12
      @KrMorgan12 3 года назад

      Scottish came later from Ireland.

    • @malcolmstead272
      @malcolmstead272 3 года назад +2

      Eh?

    • @rnies6849
      @rnies6849 3 года назад

      who were the barbarians? The Romans or the Non-Romans?

    • @Bedmoments
      @Bedmoments 7 месяцев назад

      The Scottish just go along with anyone rather than be a part of England…. They are ridiculously petty.

  • @jimyoung6271
    @jimyoung6271 6 месяцев назад

    Don't hold it against Adrian.

  • @xpeppz80
    @xpeppz80 2 года назад

    Grande video fratm, ma per colpa tua mo mi devo studiare 5 minuti di auto quindi ktm

  • @Dragon-Slay3r
    @Dragon-Slay3r 2 года назад

    It's was built to hide the monkeys head. Abit like the great wall

  • @lochside7647
    @lochside7647 3 года назад +4

    Who wrote this? It's a ridiculous distortion of the brutal imperialism that was Rome. Hadrian built the wall because the Romans could not conquer the Picts ( modern day Scots). You don't build Custom Posts that are the length, height and breadth of that wall with the garrison that was. This is English propaganda. Their historians hate the fact that the Romans conquered what is now England , despite the fact the English hadn;t even arrived yet. Boadicea was a Celtic, welsh speaking queen, not English. So called Brittania was inhabited with tribes who spoke the P and Q forms of Celtic languages. The commentary said that the Romans 'could go anywhere' because of the wall.
    Well they tried,, and Hadrian's successor built Antonine's wall, further North...so much for peaceful Rome....and it was destroyed,, and the invading army of Romans lost 50,000 men. Modern Scotland has never been conquered, not by Romans and not by English..Alba Gu Brath!

    • @colinearnshaw7725
      @colinearnshaw7725 3 года назад +1

      Just so you know. All the Britons were Celts including those of us who live in 'England'. The Romans didn't consolidate their power in Caledonia as there was no great economic reason to do so. All the principle resources (lead, iron, copper, tin and the good agricultural land) was south of the Wall. The Wall incidentally was also used to 'divide and rule' the northern British kingdoms like the Brigantes and the Votadini. The Antonine Wall was abandoned around 160 CE following yet another uprising by the northern tribes in 'England'. Indeed the northern tribes in 'England' i.e south of the Wall were so troublesome that the Emperor Severus ruled the Empire from York whilst he took charge.

    • @lochside7647
      @lochside7647 3 года назад

      @@colinearnshaw7725 Just so you know: The 'Caledonia ..no great economic reason to conquer it' is a bullshit politicised trope created by modern English historians to diminish present day Scotland. We have some of the best arable land and had vast forests in that period to be found in the UK . Also, with gold being found in Galloway and the Highlands. If you read my previous comment properly, I stated that 'England' did not exist during the Roman occupation of what is now Northumbria and south. Britania and Caledonia as the Romans called both parts of the Greater British island were inhabited by peoples whose languages of Gaelic (Irish and Scots)and Brythonic (welsh) have been passed down to those now known as 'celts, whose descendants currently inhabit those areas. Certainly in modern Scotland's case, the facile and transparent racist argument that the Romans couldn't be bothered to conquer i.e. could not conquer, and that 'troublesome'' Northern'' (?) tribes drove them out? . Sorry, but any tribes originating from the Antonine or even Hadrian walls' areas would be in the midland of the Brythonic island of Greater Britain. Your anglophile lip is showing there, the tribes you mention were not anglo saxons, but Celts. In fact it was the further 'north' tribes: The Damnonii and the Caledonian tribes were the tribes that destroyed Antonine's wall and forced the Romans back to Hadrian's ( the so-called custom post).
      If anyone doubts the politicising of this subject, consider how Boadicea ( a Celtic Queen, with flaming red hair) is glorified in her failed 'uprising' by the same cohort of English historians, who deliberately conflate her with the conflated Anglo Saxon/British narrative of heroic failure . Whereas, the resolute , resistance and refusal to surrender, and the huge losses inflicted on the Roman incursions by the barbaric imperialistic Romans .Inflicted by the true 'northern' tribes beyond both walls is diminished and discounted. I wonder why this contradiction keeps raising its anglophile head?

    • @rnies6849
      @rnies6849 3 года назад

      that means the Romans were cleverer than the British in the 19.th century when they tried to "pacify" Afghanistan.

    • @Himmyjewett
      @Himmyjewett 3 года назад +4

      rome could conquer the picts at any time they wanted

    • @rnies6849
      @rnies6849 3 года назад +3

      I wished you were right, but you are not. The Romans counted the costs and the result and found out that it was not worth to conquer that Rough Country! At the time of Hadrian the Romans had an army of 400 thousand all over the Empire. The Scots could not have recruited more than 10 or 15 thousand and would not have a chance in the open field to any of the Roman armies like most of all other enemies.

  • @jasonbartholomew9880
    @jasonbartholomew9880 4 года назад +6

    yeeeet

  • @bpnk5237
    @bpnk5237 Год назад

    Came from map men

  • @davidnieves5908
    @davidnieves5908 3 года назад +2

    Descendants of Trump built this wall.

    • @angelhare8374
      @angelhare8374 3 года назад +2

      Yes
      Hadrian said he's going to build a great wall and make the picts pay for it

    • @malcolmstead272
      @malcolmstead272 3 года назад +4

      You mean the ancestors of Tump, right?

    • @rnies6849
      @rnies6849 3 года назад

      @@malcolmstead272 the ancestors of Trump were Germans

    • @malcolmstead272
      @malcolmstead272 3 года назад

      @@rnies6849 Really?

    • @rnies6849
      @rnies6849 3 года назад

      @@malcolmstead272 you can google it. Their original family name was Trumpf

  • @glen3486
    @glen3486 2 года назад +2

    Wtf is ce?

  • @mothermovementa
    @mothermovementa Год назад

    The romans couldn’t conquer the scots but the English did

    • @Valhalla88888
      @Valhalla88888 Год назад +1

      the English got wiped out by the Normans in 1066 it was the Norman French who occupied today Scotland but it was never conquered (Scotland) then again James 6th of Scotland in 1603 took the English Crown (actually Norman French crown)!!!

  • @riheg
    @riheg 4 года назад +6

    Why do so many roman soldier actors have leather wrist bands in this? It looks very un historical and american

    • @rnies6849
      @rnies6849 3 года назад +1

      they certainly did not work so heavy with their armours on. Armed soldiers would have stood guard while the others worked.

  • @alanbstard4
    @alanbstard4 3 года назад +7

    not this "CE " bullshit!

    • @darania1
      @darania1 Год назад +1

      'Common Era' is more objective than AD...

    • @alanbstard4
      @alanbstard4 Год назад

      @@darania1 so what is common era and what's the objective? Where does it start and finish? It's just anti Christ bullshit

    • @williamsherman1089
      @williamsherman1089 Год назад +1

      ​@@darania1Who cares

    • @darania1
      @darania1 Год назад +1

      @williamsherman1089 Indeed about as much as I care for your inane opinion thanks...

  • @amuktadir1991
    @amuktadir1991 Год назад

    ANIMAL eat everything,We Also eat everything,At A min. Level to show Animal type man in Us.WALAIKUM Assalam.

  • @gbcisaac9307
    @gbcisaac9307 5 лет назад +2

    Bonjourre

  • @bruceli9094
    @bruceli9094 3 года назад +3

    China 3000 yrs: Builds a long wall.
    USA 300 yrs: Put man on Moon 🦾😊

    • @KukiCrusader
      @KukiCrusader 2 года назад

      Well the technology is the keyword. It is the driving force of progress. USA was a conglomeration of peoples after the great industrial revolution in Britain and Europe. A new nation born amidst an age where industry and machines were changing urban living like never before… things moved a lot faster sure.

    • @Chineseconcrete
      @Chineseconcrete 2 года назад +2

      Lmao what does this even have to do with hadrians wall

  • @radwulfeboraci7504
    @radwulfeboraci7504 2 месяца назад

    Really?

  • @ronniemagala6208
    @ronniemagala6208 4 года назад +1

    From school

  • @fabiosimeone05
    @fabiosimeone05 4 года назад

    Io c'ero

  • @skinnymun
    @skinnymun 2 года назад +2

    Disliked for using CE

    • @labren
      @labren 2 года назад +3

      cope

  • @benjaminparkinson5255
    @benjaminparkinson5255 7 месяцев назад

    Not true ritch and you know it

  • @northofyou33
    @northofyou33 4 года назад

    Were roman public toilets co-ed?

    • @Fummy007
      @Fummy007 3 года назад

      There probably were no woman

  • @corbynsimpson3795
    @corbynsimpson3795 4 года назад +3

    I just died of boredom

  • @dwunkchiggan1016
    @dwunkchiggan1016 8 месяцев назад

    Poop sock

  • @LibertyDankmeme
    @LibertyDankmeme 2 года назад +2

    CE - you mean AD? i guess you deny Christ too ? sickening

    • @williamsherman1089
      @williamsherman1089 Год назад

      I'm a nonbeliever myself but I refuse to use anything but bc ad

  • @amuktadir1991
    @amuktadir1991 2 месяца назад

    NOW GATES.MAINS TARGET.