Thank you so much for this video! My eight year old daughter loves tigers and loves to draw, but is often disappointed by her freehand drawings. Today she found this video and, using a line grid that I created for her with a screencap and Photoshop, she spent all evening following along and drawing her tiger. When it was done, she was extremely proud of her drawing (and I of her!). The sense of accomplishment she feels is something that cannot be gifted and cannot be bought. Once, again, thank you!
To all those who'd rather see Mark making more anime/manga videos instead of videos like these, I say you aren't really trying to become an artist. Being an artist means expanding your horizons, frequently getting out of your comfort zone to gain more artistic knowledge. You're doing yourself a disservice if you don't expose yourself to different forms of art, even if you're a beginner.
Mark, you are amazing. Not only are you a useful drawing instructor, but you have personality and a sense of humor. I don't know why I didn't subscribe to you sooner. I'm not just writing this comment to gain likes, but, like if you're watching this. Do it.
WOOO YAY TIGER!!!! THANK YOU SO MUCH!! Also, its important to keep in mind with the stripes, a Tiger's stripes are like fingerprints. No two Tiger's stripes will be the same.
Mark, I've absolutely loved all your videos and and i can confirm that you are the best drawing teacher on RUclips. You're videos are just perfect , packed with all the essential information for newbies like me to get started. As of now all i can do is to like your videos and subscribe to your channel and share it with friends and family as gratitude . Thank You very much and lots of love from India.
This tiger will look so real when you are done with it, I just know it. ~Hope you will leave a little Critique on my how to draw videos as well. :) (It will only take a minute and it will made my day if you did.)
I don't plan on drawing a tiger, but that's ok; I subscribe not just for the advise, but for the voice. You have a really good conversational voice, and I like to play your videos in the background while I do other stuff and just listen to you talk :)
I watch his videos cause I looove drawing and cause his voice is pretty awesome xD "listening to his voice while doing other things" hahaha He's just awesome!
I followed your lion tutorial, although I did not finish the last 10 minutes, it turned pretty awesome!! my mom posted the picture on Facebook, what I like about it though, it was the last happy memory before she went to the hospital. she stayed there for a week, and was diagnosed with cancer, but apparently it was like, not even started to spread through her body, so when she went into surgery, it was taken out. ANYWAYS, I want to draw this tiger, I'm sure I can do it, whenever I watch your animal tutorials, I always feel like it's not that hard. and I told all my friends that, and they think I'm this amazing drawer, although I don't think of myself like that...I told them about your channel, and most of them had your manga tutorIal book. so they knew who you were!! keep up drawing, and I will draw with you!! 😊
Yeah Mark I'm one of those people that says that these kinds of tutorials don't really show people how to draw tigers, it only shows how to copy the tiger that you did. It teaches beginners to be dependent on super specific turorials things like "tiger jumping, tiger siting, tiger drinking water, tiger sleeping". It would have so much more of an impact if you did teach how to do the "skeletal" approach. And not just for a tiger but for anything really. If people understood why and how things are built and how they function then they would see that, with basic drawing techniques and the ability to SEE, they can make anything in 3d space and they won't need to be like "Mark can you do a____tutorial". Of course I can see, as you jokes about some of your audience's impatience, that doing technical instructions will bore/ irritate people. I guess it's up to you but I don't want to to come off as though I'm hating on you. It's more of a discussion topic about super specific tutorial impact/ knowing how to draw vs copying.
something that I noticed with all art is that it is mostly playful. I mean there is no real way to correctly do art. It doesn't always come naturally but eventually I discovered that if you play with lines shades and values you get really good results in almost all art. A lot of people think you need practice (which is true) but in all reality what you need is to have fun. I just saw one of your videos and I just thought that you really did express this a lot. And it is really something that needed to be said. I would appreciate if you would respond to this comment btw. Thank you for your time.
Can u do a video on *how to draw a cheetah or leopard* ? with the body not just the head. i've searched it up on youtube on how to draw it and none of them reached the level i wanted. or something. o 3 o
Thank you so much for this video! It really helped me understand how to draw better as an artist and learn how to truly draw a tiger. My tiger came out great, and lets see if it gets to be on my middle school graduation shirt for 8th grade. I think this is my best drawing yet! But, lets see what my friends have to say... Again, thanks so much!
Hi can you make more tutorials how to draw other animals birds, sunflowers,trees clouds ocean do you do any abstract painting can you make tutorials you are one of the best artist on you tube, thank you so much,blessings.
Thank you very much, these videos are really useful! I would love it if you could do a cheetah face, I haven't found one online so if you did that would be greatly appreciated!
i got mastering manga 2 from my sis during christmas and it is honestly the best manga drawing book out there, I have a lot of other manga drawing books but yours is just awesome :)
I saw all you're vids i love you're work you're my idol ;)) You're just fantastic and i love to draw what you drawed i love drawing too but im still a amateur;]] Keep going! Xx
same as me , i couldn't draw until i watched marks videos , it's great when it starts coming together and you rub the lines you don't need out and your like WOW did i just do that
I watched the video on how to draw a tiger. my plan was to just get a general idea how to draw the shape as I paint greeting cards and wanted to do a miniature because my grandson requested I paint him one. I was totally shocked when I actually drew the tiger. thank you so much. You have inspired me. proof positive you can teach an old dog new tricks.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=269796330067594&set=a.135779620135933.1073741829.100011116871515&type=3
Anyone who really thinks that you somehow owe it to people to go into depth about the skeletal structure of a freaking tiger needs to relax and let you do your thing. There's obviously tons of people who love what you do as is. How many casual or intermediate artists out there would even watch that kinda video? Lol.
Wow awesome!!! I really like these multiple videos about one drawing because it shows that your not rushing through this, but you actually dedicate your time to show us step-by-step. Also I prefer real time compared to time lapse, but I agree that sometimes when your doing symmetrical lines it is useful. Again, this video was amazing, thank you so much. I really enjoyed this one because I've drawn a couple of tigers myself and have picked up some great tips. Please do more animals (your really good at them). P.S I really like Mastering Manga, I need the second one!
I honestly love this! Tigers are one of my favorite animals and right after this I was inspired to draw the face of a tiger. I didn't really use your technics because I was looking at a picture on google images but I think that it turned out great! You always inspire me and my cousin to draw and keep drawing! :)
krazedcrazy1 You can buy at Micheals, Hobby Lobby, and most likely any other Craft and Art Store, I've even bought pens sometimes in WalMart but it's not always there. If you aren't in the US I'm not sure where you can buy in person but online there is Dickblicks, Sakura Company Website, Amazon, and Ebay.
great art don't let people run your art its great pacing and time trust me im always looking for art videos and your was one of the informative one thankyou and keep doing what your doing
Thank you for this video !! I really love drawing, and this video made my family proud of me :) Once again thank you so much, please stay do this !! :))
my art teacher thinks you're a great artist! all throughout middle school and this year (i started hs and he teaches both) he makes us watch your videos and follow the tutorials and i think you explain and present really well on these.
can you make a tutorial on how to draw a person underwater? (hair specifically) and water in general? it will really help me out with the story im working on right now. :3
my art teacher recommended this to me to help me draw a tiger because that is what I am painting and this really helped so thank you soooooooo much you are a life saver!!!!
Absolutley awesome video man! Literally only drawn 3 things in my life and those are all from your tutorials and they all came out great for my experience! Quick question though if we don't have a black prisma pencil can I just use a 6B or something?
Forgot to say I like having a second video that allows you to focus instruction on the shading aspect as well and the structural. As for the length of the video, bring it on, the more instruction we get, the better our drawings and if I have to walk away for a bit... well that is why God invented the pause button. :D
This video seemed extremely difficult until I actually got the confidence in me. I cherish your art videos and you as my role model. I hope you continue with your heavenly talent and have a great day and life- Your #1 fan, Kaira :)
Wow Crilley, you really never stop amuzing me with your magic, and the best part was that there was almost no time-lapse :DDDDD SOOOO looking forward for next Friday ;)))
Mark...I don't understand your fans...Some of them are so clueless at times. You tell them to draw from life and yet they continue to ask the same stuff...obviously they don't listen. I have seen some of the most ridiculous questions or requests. I remember back in 2007-2008 when I actually was a subscriber of yours and was proud to be one. I wish I could go back in time when your viewers, including myself, had more artistic knowledge. Now all they do is make your community seem like a joke. I'm sorry.
Mike, I love your 2-part videos and the detail we are able to see. I am very new at this and have never taken an art class, so being able to see the different techniques and have you explain things is a real blessing for me. I wish all your videos were as detailed as the Tiger ones. You are wonderful! Thank you!
Thanks so much for the tutorial! I found it really interesting and even attempted to draw along with the tutorial. I really don't mind if you split the videos into two parts occasionally cause its kinda nice that way you can take a week off of drawing it and come back to it later. It also makes the person making the videos less rushing. I really want to get the book Mastering Manga 2. Do you know where I can get it?
I just wanted to say that I don't mind your longer videos. I think they're really helpful, as well as your Two-parters able to be more fair to all parts of the drawing process. On a note about Tigers, I believe I read that every Tiger has a different pattern of stripes, unique to that Tiger.
I usually draw pictures easily but.... *Grabs a giant pencil and chainsaw* THIS is gonna take some WORK! Wish me luck, I'M GOIN IN!!!!!!!!
Could you do a video about studying pictures and learning to draw them?
No
@@bhuwaneshsharma6200 Alrighty then
Bhuwanesh Sharma oportunidad para que el jugador le
No es
No es
Thank you so much for this video! My eight year old daughter loves tigers and loves to draw, but is often disappointed by her freehand drawings. Today she found this video and, using a line grid that I created for her with a screencap and Photoshop, she spent all evening following along and drawing her tiger. When it was done, she was extremely proud of her drawing (and I of her!). The sense of accomplishment she feels is something that cannot be gifted and cannot be bought. Once, again, thank you!
+David Flores Thank you, David-- glad the video was helpful. :)
+markcrilley could you do a tutorial on a husky?
+Tanya Priya he did one for a wolf. i know that's not the same but they're pretty similar :)
To all those who'd rather see Mark making more anime/manga videos instead of videos like these, I say you aren't really trying to become an artist. Being an artist means expanding your horizons, frequently getting out of your comfort zone to gain more artistic knowledge. You're doing yourself a disservice if you don't expose yourself to different forms of art, even if you're a beginner.
Mark, you are amazing. Not only are you a useful drawing instructor, but you have personality and a sense of humor. I don't know why I didn't subscribe to you sooner. I'm not just writing this comment to gain likes, but, like if you're watching this. Do it.
WOOO YAY TIGER!!!! THANK YOU SO MUCH!!
Also, its important to keep in mind with the stripes, a Tiger's stripes are like fingerprints. No two Tiger's stripes will be the same.
Mark, I've absolutely loved all your videos and and i can confirm that you are the best drawing teacher on RUclips.
You're videos are just perfect , packed with all the essential information for newbies like me to get started.
As of now all i can do is to like your videos and subscribe to your channel and share it with friends and family as gratitude . Thank You very much and lots of love from India.
1aZoOs Thank you so much!! :)
This tiger will look so real when you are done with it, I just know it.
~Hope you will leave a little Critique on my how to draw videos as well. :) (It will only take a minute and it will made my day if you did.)
Omg I'm only on 22:32 so far and my tiger looks amazing your one of the best on youtube subscribed
Thank you Madison!
I don't plan on drawing a tiger, but that's ok; I subscribe not just for the advise, but for the voice. You have a really good conversational voice, and I like to play your videos in the background while I do other stuff and just listen to you talk :)
i agree, i don't even draw and i watch his videos XD
I do the same thing. XD
I watch his videos cause I looove drawing and cause his voice is pretty awesome xD "listening to his voice while doing other things" hahaha He's just awesome!
I love his voice. But i do come and watch how he does draw the animals and sometimes try them out
TheBoundFenrir i
I rarely draw but your videos are helpful, I never thought I could draw a tiger! (:
ME TOO
MushroomNr1 ive done a side ways head but not like this
Hi I’m a big fan!
It's incredible how he barely use eraser on this drawing :o
Cacah Br I think I use the whole pencil eraser when I come to draw...
+Dog lover gurl oml same😂😂
I followed your lion tutorial, although I did not finish the last 10 minutes, it turned pretty awesome!! my mom posted the picture on Facebook, what I like about it though, it was the last happy memory before she went to the hospital. she stayed there for a week, and was diagnosed with cancer, but apparently it was like, not even started to spread through her body, so when she went into surgery, it was taken out. ANYWAYS, I want to draw this tiger, I'm sure I can do it, whenever I watch your animal tutorials, I always feel like it's not that hard. and I told all my friends that, and they think I'm this amazing drawer, although I don't think of myself like that...I told them about your channel, and most of them had your manga tutorIal book. so they knew who you were!! keep up drawing, and I will draw with you!! 😊
Yeah Mark I'm one of those people that says that these kinds of tutorials don't really show people how to draw tigers, it only shows how to copy the tiger that you did. It teaches beginners to be dependent on super specific turorials things like "tiger jumping, tiger siting, tiger drinking water, tiger sleeping". It would have so much more of an impact if you did teach how to do the "skeletal" approach. And not just for a tiger but for anything really. If people understood why and how things are built and how they function then they would see that, with basic drawing techniques and the ability to SEE, they can make anything in 3d space and they won't need to be like "Mark can you do a____tutorial". Of course I can see, as you jokes about some of your audience's impatience, that doing technical instructions will bore/ irritate people. I guess it's up to you but I don't want to to come off as though I'm hating on you. It's more of a discussion topic about super specific tutorial impact/ knowing how to draw vs copying.
something that I noticed with all art is that it is mostly playful. I mean there is no real way to correctly do art. It doesn't always come naturally but eventually I discovered that if you play with lines shades and values you get really good results in almost all art. A lot of people think you need practice (which is true) but in all reality what you need is to have fun. I just saw one of your videos and I just thought that you really did express this a lot. And it is really something that needed to be said. I would appreciate if you would respond to this comment btw. Thank you for your time.
I never knew I would draw a tiger until flowing his steps 👌😭💃💃💃💃💃💃💃💃 * not only one time but twooooo *
Can u do a video on *how to draw a cheetah or leopard* ? with the body not just the head.
i've searched it up on youtube on how to draw it and none of them reached the level i wanted. or something. o 3 o
Thumbs up D: nice idea bro
Mark , your drawings are extremely perfect ! I like it so much , you're the best artist I have ever seen ;D
Mark Crilley draw your favorite animal, using.......... Ketchup!
I know you can do.
sus
Thank you so much for this video! It really helped me understand how to draw better as an artist and learn how to truly draw a tiger. My tiger came out great, and lets see if it gets to be on my middle school graduation shirt for 8th grade. I think this is my best drawing yet! But, lets see what my friends have to say... Again, thanks so much!
+Bella Muscolino Thank you Bella :)
Crilley: DON'T FORGET THE BLUSHIES!
Pp
you've earn't a new subscriber
Hi can you make more tutorials how to draw other animals birds, sunflowers,trees clouds ocean do you do any abstract painting can you make tutorials you are one of the best artist on you tube, thank you so much,blessings.
Thank you very much, these videos are really useful! I would love it if you could do a cheetah face, I haven't found one online so if you did that would be greatly appreciated!
this is the best teaching videos do not forget a like
best
best
so wierd, I was thinking about doing a tiger this morning, thanks for reading my mind kind Sir. I really enjoy this and a good way to draw them.
i got mastering manga 2 from my sis during christmas and it is honestly the best manga drawing book out there, I have a lot of other manga drawing books but yours is just awesome :)
same lol
At X-mas I recived the Mastering Manga part1 and my next wish would be the next book. :)
i got a book on dragon art :D
i do like the mastering manga series though. so much win.
ToonsAnimeManga haha thanks :p
I love how you take your time and how you explain everything so nice, i'm gonna watch something worse than you now XD
mark thank you for improving my art skill and im gettting A's easy so ty
I saw all you're vids i love you're work you're my idol ;)) You're just fantastic and i love to draw what you drawed i love drawing too but im still a amateur;]] Keep going! Xx
So glad I found this! New sub coming your way
I did this picture for father's day cuz his favorite animal is the tiger, and, IT WAS AMAZING!!!!!=)
I love ur drawings u are AMAZING!!!
omg, that tiger looks so realistic :0
I try to do it the same way xD
It's good to see this guy can amuse himself!
Its ok to do two parts I'm 10 and I love it to daraw
Mark, you can so easily turn an extremely hard drawing in a piece of cake xD
Thanks! If it was not you, I would never draw like I do now xD
Amu Yui Thank you so much!
same as me , i couldn't draw until i watched marks videos , it's great when it starts coming together and you rub the lines you don't need out and your like WOW did i just do that
me too!
I watched the video on how to draw a tiger. my plan was to just get a general idea how to draw the shape as I paint greeting cards and wanted to do a miniature because my grandson requested I paint him one. I was totally shocked when I actually drew the tiger. thank you so much. You have inspired me. proof positive you can teach an old dog new tricks.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=269796330067594&set=a.135779620135933.1073741829.100011116871515&type=3
this helped me so much thankyou so much for posting
No pues ç
YOU TALK TO MUCH . IT DISTRACT'S ME AND YOU'RE GOING RLLY SLOW!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! But ur drawing is goodd
Try my time-lapse videos; more than 125 of them, no talking at all: ruclips.net/p/PL34D7E497CFD46578
declarants Seriously? You're stupid asf. Just mute the volume, idiot.
I think marks's drawings are awesome and I am not judging them. I was just saying and speaking of saying, you had to say it that way?! -fuck yourself-
Lion
It's so fluffy!!
Anyone who really thinks that you somehow owe it to people to go into depth about the skeletal structure of a freaking tiger needs to relax and let you do your thing. There's obviously tons of people who love what you do as is. How many casual or intermediate artists out there would even watch that kinda video? Lol.
Me: Draws a tiger. Shows it to mom
Mom: What a beautiful eeeh goat ?
Me: -_-
lol
hahaha
f*ck of
Could you please draw Harry Potter/Daniel Radcliffe? Glasses or no glasses I don't care.
¡Nice! Reality awesome,
"How to draw a Wolf?" :D
Wow awesome!!! I really like these multiple videos about one drawing because it shows that your not rushing through this, but you actually dedicate your time to show us step-by-step. Also I prefer real time compared to time lapse, but I agree that sometimes when your doing symmetrical lines it is useful. Again, this video was amazing, thank you so much. I really enjoyed this one because I've drawn a couple of tigers myself and have picked up some great tips. Please do more animals (your really good at them).
P.S I really like Mastering Manga, I need the second one!
so so good drawing i have draw allmost every picture of yours😌💜💚💛
Thank you!
thankı
Anime Master that's true
I honestly love this! Tigers are one of my favorite animals and right after this I was inspired to draw the face of a tiger. I didn't really use your technics because I was looking at a picture on google images but I think that it turned out great! You always inspire me and my cousin to draw and keep drawing! :)
Silly Mark, every tiger has a different pattern, just like our fingerprints :)
I done the sketching it looks good i am starting to color.....*oshiete oshiete yo sono shikumi wo...........*
Kay lets get down to business XD (1)what pen do you use for inking and, (2) what is that eraser thing where you dap the lines. Please reply back :(
ah yeh I forgot about that, it is a knead-able eraser, you can get them in Hobby Lobby, Michaels,sometimes even WalMart.
what about the pen, where do you get it? is it only online
krazedcrazy1
You can buy at Micheals, Hobby Lobby, and most likely any other Craft and Art Store, I've even bought pens sometimes in WalMart but it's not always there. If you aren't in the US I'm not sure where you can buy in person but online there is Dickblicks, Sakura Company Website, Amazon, and Ebay.
krazedcrazy1 I think mark did a video on what resources he uses, you should check it out.
I linked it for him/her I hope they (YT) don't remove it.
Thanks bro.. Got a project on the go.
Purple tiger with white light eyes over a air brush space / universe
I am indeed very pleased to follow you along real-time, thank you very much for making this Tutorial, Mark!
great art don't let people run your art its great pacing and time trust me im always looking for art videos and your was one of the informative one thankyou and keep doing what your doing
Thank you so much for the help. I love to work with you on my drawings as a beginner.
I ask dorky questions because I am really bad at drawing. I draw foxes, not tigers. :D (But now I CAN draw a tiger)
I love his dorky jokes, I just start giggling every time xD
Odile J. Come back here in 2019
Mark should begin doing some digital art tutorials too! thumbs up if you agree.
"well lets start with the eye" oh fuck
Thank you for this video !! I really love drawing, and this video made my family proud of me :)
Once again thank you so much, please stay do this !! :))
you're amazing..so good i cant get even get a result as perfect as this !
Real nice tutorial. Learning. So much u r a.talented. artists god bless
Whats the time in the USA right now? I mean I'm from germany and at me, its 0:15
3:16 PM
I'm from Germany too and it's 0:17 ;)
Ambar I am from Brasil and it is 21:20
I am from Canada (Québec) and it is 18:22
Germany, 00:23
Wow, thank you so much for this! I drew the tiger and I think it came out really good. Thanks a lot and keep being awesome! :)
omg i drawer a cute realistic tiger that look like a baby because it is
haha trolled ya
That was awesome, and yes I like the two part video idea😸😸😸
Can you do elephant???
I love love your voice your funny and you are such à good artiest
You are the best. Greetings from the Netherlands
What's the page size a1 or a4
my ad on this video was like "do you want to know how to draw amazing art?" I was like "no, i've got mark crilley, thanks." ::D
Aah yes that annoying Udemy ad
You can do better than this. The Tiger looks terrible.
He hasn't probably started yet,this is only the line placement which is the equivalent to a brief skeleton of a drawing. Don't be impatient.
your tiger looks terrible
Try not to do any time-lapse.Can you do How to draw a rhino
my art teacher thinks you're a great artist!
all throughout middle school and this year (i started hs and he teaches both) he makes us watch your videos and follow the tutorials and i think you explain and present really well on these.
Really good I have drawn the leopard and the cat already
get your hand out of the way
Stripe Number 1!! Lol Mark!
Thank you so much for this video Mark
Splitting this video into 2 pts. is a great idea. Thanks.
Thank you for this video:)
can you make a tutorial on how to draw a person underwater? (hair specifically) and water in general? it will really help me out with the story im working on right now. :3
totally agree with you man, that would be awesome!
my art teacher recommended this to me to help me draw a tiger because that is what I am painting and this really helped so thank you soooooooo much you are a life saver!!!!
Jamie Nettles Thanks Jamie; tell your teacher I said thanks too :)
he does not talk to much, he is only awesome
Absolutley awesome video man! Literally only drawn 3 things in my life and those are all from your tutorials and they all came out great for my experience! Quick question though if we don't have a black prisma pencil can I just use a 6B or something?
Forgot to say I like having a second video that allows you to focus instruction on the shading aspect as well and the structural. As for the length of the video, bring it on, the more instruction we get, the better our drawings and if I have to walk away for a bit... well that is why God invented the pause button. :D
Thank You! Thank You! k You! Thank You! Thank You! Thank You! Thank You! I LOVE TIGERS! This is awesome, mr. crilley :))
I like stripe number one better! :)
How to draw the same thing again?
Ur so good at drawing do more pease
This video seemed extremely difficult until I actually got the confidence in me. I cherish your art videos and you as my role model. I hope you continue with your heavenly talent and have a great day and life- Your #1 fan, Kaira :)
mark i would like u do draw a real hand
Wow Crilley, you really never stop amuzing me with your magic, and the best part was that there was almost no time-lapse :DDDDD
SOOOO looking forward for next Friday ;)))
you are the best,am I right?
Can u please do a video on oil pastels please :P
awesome drawing,sir !
Mark...I don't understand your fans...Some of them are so clueless at times. You tell them to draw from life and yet they continue to ask the same stuff...obviously they don't listen. I have seen some of the most ridiculous questions or requests. I remember back in 2007-2008 when I actually was a subscriber of yours and was proud to be one. I wish I could go back in time when your viewers, including myself, had more artistic knowledge. Now all they do is make your community seem like a joke. I'm sorry.
Mike, I love your 2-part videos and the detail we are able to see. I am very new at this and have never taken an art class, so being able to see the different techniques and have you explain things is a real blessing for me. I wish all your videos were as detailed as the Tiger ones. You are wonderful! Thank you!
Thanks so much for the tutorial! I found it really interesting and even attempted to draw along with the tutorial. I really don't mind if you split the videos into two parts occasionally cause its kinda nice that way you can take a week off of drawing it and come back to it later. It also makes the person making the videos less rushing. I really want to get the book Mastering Manga 2. Do you know where I can get it?
جميل جدا
I just wanted to say that I don't mind your longer videos. I think they're really helpful, as well as your Two-parters able to be more fair to all parts of the drawing process.
On a note about Tigers, I believe I read that every Tiger has a different pattern of stripes, unique to that Tiger.