Byzantine chant - Cherubic Hymn (Plagal 4th)
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- Опубликовано: 7 окт 2024
- Medieval Byzantine Chant of the Divine Liturgy.
Title: "Cherubic Hymn in Plagal Fourth Mode"
Service: Divine Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom (IN ENGLISH)
Composer: Petros Peloponnesios
Performers: Cappella Romana
Album: "The Divine Liturgy In English In Byzantine Chant"
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On November 13th the Eastern Rite Churches celebrate the Feast of Saint John Chrysostom. In honour of that feast, I have decided to post a Cherubic Hymn chanted in Plagal 4th Mode, as performed in the great eastern liturgical rite, the Byzantine Rite mass, the Divine Liturgy of our Father among the Saints, Patriarch of Constantinople, John Chrysostom.
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Credits for pictures go to Sacred Destinations' photostream on flickr, www.flickr.com/photos/sacred_destinations/
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Long Live Orthodox Christianity!!!!!
Long live unity without borders or politically motivated ideology based undertones (like yours above)!
James Hart well said and completely agree kind sir
Amin Amin Amin 🙏
@@carlosgomez7968 LONG LIVE CHRISTIANITY AND WHOEVER THREATS OUR FAITH AND GOD WILL BE SEE OUR ANSWER GOT IT ;
Unto the ages of ages, Amin!
For those that may view this in the future, this is specifically sung in Eastern Orthodox Christian Churches. The specific tone of this version, is Greek in origin.
Used to be in lutheran churches too, long ago
Thanks
As a foreigner living far away,
I think these songs have value as a universal culture for humankind.
Are you kidding me ? This is the most beautiful Melody, Hymn, Prayer, Cherubicon i have ever heared in my life ... the notes are so randomly beautiful and deep and difficult ...Wow..This hymn of the cherubim is a wonderful mystery..
God bless
@@paulwilliams9207 I was deep into one of them but I couldn't find the others ; god bless you Callixtus
i think you haven't yet heard the hymn of the cherubim by tchaikovsky. it's literally music from the heavens. listen to it once my friend!
We who mystically represent the Cherubim,
and who sing to the Life-Giving Trinity the thrice-holy hymn,
let us now lay aside all earthly cares
that we may receive the King of all,
escorted invisibly by the angelic orders.
Alleluia[5]
this song believe or not is in English and these are the lyrics.
AMEJN!
Thanks for the words
WOW 😱😱❤🔥
I am Turkish, agnostic in beliefs. I was born in central Mediterranean part of Turkey where you dig soil with your hands and you will find Byzantine / Hellenic coins, etc. Though I live in the U.S now. What is weird is, when I listen to Byzantine chants like this one, something weird happens in me, it is hard to describe lol
It's very possible you are Greek. It's also very possible that you see Jesus as being the truth. Or both. I was an atheist for 15 years before I came back to God. Better late than never.
semprefidelis76
Agnostic in beliefs
And u are listening to a chant from a Holly man who ‘s words and theology is used in the Greek Orthodox Divine Liturgy.
Somehow, I find you claiming to be agnostic difficult to believe. The part of being of Greek descendants is very close to the truth.
Good luck with your journey of self identification , I hope you find it one day.
Very important to have as a person, affects every part of one’s life.
@@avvlahos42 Well, I listen to this type of music for the beauty of the chants themselves, not the meaning of them.
@@demirkafasutlac2343 Sevastia...
@@xristosmitroulakis8607 how dare you to speak as if you knew the will of the lord...
respect from USA, from a fellow orthodox brother.
VIVA ORTHODOX!!! WE MUST STAY TOGETHER ALL OF ORTHODOX PEOPLE!!
indeed.
Now it's the time to do this! Maybe more than ever!
@@axiom21 The One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church, whom the gates of hell will not overcome!
Amazing! Unbelievable! I have no words to describe how beautiful this is! ❤🔥❤🔥
It is so wonderful to feel this beautiful music, not just to listen to it, but to feel it. This is foreign to the modern ear. It is designed to be felt, not heard. The acoustics of the places where you would have been would cause you to feel the music, and therefore feel the presence of God.
Hello I'm a christian turk. I wished my country would forget islam and convert into christianity so the glorius byzantine empire would rise again :) Amen to all ortodox brothers
+Cyannex Cyannex AMEN!
+Cyannex Cyannex
Catholic here, I hope the same for Turkey. That and stronger, more brother-like ties between Catholics and Orthodox. Long live Constantinople!
Marius Baniulis its living already
If it is to sing like a bunch of sissies, you're better off where you are, my friend.... psaltic art is VIRILE with intervals that a thousand time better chanted by those of your religion than the ones you are admiring.....
Saint Grégoire d'Arménie Monastère negative comments on the internet. do you feel like a man now? how many more insults will you spout before you feel like a man?
I didn't realize that this was in English until I heard the hard "ch" for cherubim and kept listening closely. Wonderful chanting.
Ηρεμία και ανάταση ψυχής....
Thank you for everything and for everything thank you. So many names through the ages of ages . Yentil out .
great chant,
Praise Jesus!.
The Cherubic Hymn is sung few moments before the Great Entrance, is the beggining of preparation of Holy Communion, this chant means the God People dignity that are waiting to the Lord when He entered in Jerusalem, the King of Kings. The Lord's entry into Jerusalem is the acceptance of sacrifice for our salvation, is also the signal to forget the cares temporary, vanity of the world in order to receive into the soul, in life itself, holiness and salvation of Jesus Christ
That's lovely, thank you God bless ☦️
Ah thanks for sharing its placement in the liturgy....so is this just after the Holy holy holy
This Roman loves the East! Long live the East! I hope someday we let go, forgive, see beyond the past and be able to one church again. As the word says, "how good it is when brethren dwell together in unity, its like oil upon the head of Aaron flowing down his beard and over the collar of his robe. Its like the dew of Hermon which falls upon the mountains of Zion, where God has proclaimed life forever more."
I'm sorry, but we cannot just "forget the past" when the past was where actual theological errors began and a thirst for power. It's not like an argument that was about misunderstandings; the West left the Church and the Truth she professes.
Rome left the Church, if the Church of Rome rejects all her innovations, we’ll welcome her with open arms as our equal
@@neame-bh3uq Nunca abandonara el Filioque y su añadíción en el Tercer concilio de Toledo donde también proclama el catolicismo en Hispania visigoda y el nacimiento de la España Católica, Imaculada Concepción (los españoles propagaron mucho la devoción), y la supremacía del Papa de Roma. Espero que los ortodoxo lo acepte. Dios los ilumine.
@@DemetriosLevi Oriente se cismo con Roma. Focio y Miguel Celulario hicieron cisma no Occidente.
I am a christian turk. I converted from Islam and I geniunely believe it(islam) is from evil. Long live Christianity. Xristos Anesti
Peace be with you, brother.
+Dobby The Free Elf Could you explain what makes you believe this about Islam? I'm very interested to hear the point of view of someone who has been both a Muslim and Christian.
+Charles Wright He's just a trol.
Full Moon You Squared
Actually many Turks are Christians.
+Niko Delmedico Actually, there are only around 3-5,000 Christians in Turkey as of right now, there used to be 1.5 milion+, but then the Armenian Genocide happened.....
this chant represents a connection with the spiritual liturgy and it really can transcend you and induce a peacefull state of prayer. It is called a cherubic hymn, because the lyrics mean the following '''we, who secretely represent the Cherubs, bring a tri-holy prayer to the Trinity and we leave behind us all that is worldly''...
It's a wonderful guide when you meditate. You can feel angelic energy.
You can meet Orthodox Christian monks at Saint John the Baptist monastery in Essex. They are lovely people that have devoted their lives to Christ and I'm sure they can tell you the differences between the Orthodox and Catholic beliefs. But most importantly you can sit in their church in one of their daily services and let the Holy Spirit teach you. It's truly a lovely place, and if you call them they'll even arrange for you to stay there overnight.
Beautiful hymn and chant!
Early Church chant....soul stirring
Hi, this isn't medieval. This is actually an English setting of some post-Byzantine music I think by Peter Lampadarios. I am one of the melodists on this recording.
we still hear this my friend.every sunday in church exaclty as you hear it now.
Well, it shouldn't be every Sunday, as you know. But glad to hear it!
Ugh. It is not Byzantine music, it was not written at the time of what we now call historically the Byzantine Empire. Know your nomenclature.
OK. We are obviously experiencing a loss in translation somewhere.
You are referring to the hymn itself, and its function in the church. Of course this is a very old hymn.
What I am referring to is the actual musical composition and setting of this hymn. I don't have any scores nearby to check, but my guess is that this is an adaptation to English from a 19th century Chrysanthine reformation era score. If you like, I can do that research and send you a scan specifically of the piece on which this setting is based. And correct me if I'm wrong, but the 19th century is long after what we now historically call the "Byzantine Empire".
I appreciate your fervor and passion for the Church, but please don't let your piety become a vehicle for the ridicule of other people in the faith.
Sorry, I was looking at the info for the video, and it actually tells the composer whose setting this English adaptation is based on. Peter the Peloponnesian (b. 1735-d. 1778). So the piece is likely mid-18th century.
I was reading along with Chris Giannopoulos' arrangement of the Cherubic Hymn in pl. fourth, and it is very similar in many places to this arrangement. It's great that these wonderful melodies are preserved!
the one God Father,Son ,Holy Spirit save us ! Mother of God Virgin Mary save us ! All Saints pray for us !
Brilliant
Time to go back to our roots
hermosa melodía bonita dedicación
@Kat Karsecs even if 3 years late, here it is a little answer!
the mosaic about Abel and Melchisedec can be found in the Basilica di San Vitale, in Ravenna, situated in the north-east of Italy (and, allow me to say, not without some little tears falling from my eyes, the place where I was born). It is considered one of the most important sacred places in the world (I once read it was the fifth), not to say that is a UNESCO world heritage site. the construction began in the 525, under the Bishop Ecclesio, and completed in the 547 under the Bishop Massimiano and under the emperor Giustiniano I.
beyond the historic facts about Ravenna and the Basilica itself, about the mosaic we can say that it was really important that you recognized the Eucharist in this image.
the mosaic collects indeed 2 events existing in the Old Testament: Abel's offering to God (Genesis 4:4) and Melchisedec, priest of the Most High God, offering bread (bread and wine to Abraham, in the case of the biblical event) (Genesis 14:18).
why did I say that was important that you recognized the Eucharist here? because as Christians, it is simpler to recognize that the Old Testament is a preparation to the New Testament, and that all the Old Testaments speaks about God Christ Jesus indirectly but pretty clearly. just think about Melchisedec who offered bread and wine, to tell something we just saw. not to talk about the Psalms and so on. guys, if you can, come and visit Ravenna, these places are just stunning!
other images of Ravenna can be found from:
1:07 - 2:08 = Battistero Neoniano (V century)
2:09 - 3:12 = Mausoleo di Galla Placidia (next to the Basilica di San Vitale)
3:14 - 4:18 = Basilica di San Vitale
4:18 - 5:20 = Sant'Apollinare in Classe
5:21 - 6:24 = Basilica di San Vitale (we talked about it before)
6:48 - 7:30 = Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
7:30 - 8:35 = Basilica di San Vitale
8:35 - the end = Basilica di San Vitale
the owner of this channel, Callixtinus, often in these videos inserts images from Ravenna!
Plagal fourth is one of the modes that is still the same in syrian tradition also. Just look up rbi'oyo (fourth).
Muito linda. Obrigado!
Glory to you Blessed Panagia who was taken care by John
The chant and the images are beautiful!
การเล่าเรื่องพระบิดาบอกว่า การดลใจเล่าเรื่องมาจากชาวรัสเซียหรอคะ แต่คริสเตียน การเล่าเรื่องและเขียน เกี่ยวกับความรัก ไม่ได้ไม่ได้หมายถึงพระบุตรแต่การเล่าเรื่องเกี่ยวกับความรักยุคสุดท้าย เดี๋ยวพระองค์จะค่อยๆบอกหนูขอบคุณค่ะพระบิดา
I put a "like" to your comment,for your smile,dear,not that i understand your language...
@@kimphilby7999 Creepy, especially for an Orthodox chant video.
noahconstrictor it's not creepy to enjoy life, even for the orthodox people.Happy new year, dear...
Beautifulll
beautiful
This hymn is based upon the religion your parents handed down to you from their fathers. And the art you see in the video portion is also Roman Catholic. This tradition of music is carried on most strongly in the Orthodox Churches of the East. However, there are many millions of Catholics who chant this way as well, Byzantines, Melchites, Ukranians, etc. If you want to know how the Apostles taught us to live, read the Didache at New Advent online. Very short early Christian teaching.
@grittygreenhorn :
en(.)wikipedia(.)org(/)wiki(/)Cherubikon - without the parentheses.
I am a descendant of Emperor Alexios Komnenos, I only found out a few years ago and have been learning about the beautiful history of the Byzantine era. I am so incredibly sad to learn what is happening currently with Hagia Sophia 😥
thats awesome. My family is from Chios, so I probably have ancestors that fought in the final battle of 1453 but i don't know for sure
Λογικά θα γνωρίζεις την Ελληνική γλώσσα. Θα ήταν καλό να μας πεις πως κατέληξες σε αυτό το συμπέρασμα.
Great researcher of Byzantine Music Ioannis Arvanitis with the Byzantine Choir Cappella Romana. Hellenic music.
What a splendid hymn! I see the square halo in the first picture, means the person was depicted during his own lifetime? Very interesting.
The last emperor of Bizanty Constantine XI ,who was killed by Barbarians,wanted to get married to daughter of Georgian King George VIII.It has been already planned,but evryone knows what happend...Perhaps their wedding ceremony would take place in Hagia Sophia,which is now another institution,unfortunately.
You are right brother! I remember learning this from the account of George Sphrantzes, the emperor's good friend
Where is the Christian Turks ?
i dont understand the language, but still it gives peace to mind :)
It's English :)
It's Koine Greek, it's not English.
@@stavroula8847 Listen carefully. The Byzantine cherubikon is usually in Koine Greek, but this recording is in English. At 8:55, you can hear "Receive the King of all" very clearly.
We who mystically represent the Cherubim sing the thrice holy hymn to the lifegiving Trinity. Let us lay aside all our worldly things so that we may receive the King of All ( break for priest prayers then) invisibly escorted by the angels. It has several melodies ( tones) depending om liturgical sessom and boly day. All are beautiful. The Eucharist/ Lord's Supper is about to occur, so focuz on that and not on every day things - the message.
Byzantine chant: the art of taking 10 minutes to say a phrase which normally takes 10 seconds to utter.
ROMANIAN language :D Byzantion Choir from Iasi City Romania :)
i am Eastern Orthodox..!!!
@SwingingRingaDing :
Yes, you are right. Even more than that, the cleric with the square halo must have also been the donor, ie the person who paid for the construction of the mosaic, as was customary at that age.
"Cherubic hymn" refers to the scripture which is set to music. It's the text on which the famous hymn "Holy, Holy, Holy" is based. I believe it's in either Daniel or Revelation.
Isaiah 6
@@lydiagore-jones905 Damn. Almost a decade and I'm wong. Lol
Justin, Justinian, from Dardania,Kosova Byzantines, Hym great Culture💒🏛🇦🇱🇽🇰
🤪🤪🤪🤪🤪
Thats why you destroy them....
it does not imply sainthood exactly, but it does imply piety along with what Callixtinus stated.
Kyrie eleison Kyrie eleison Kyrie eleison.
Thanks coach. Very beautiful. Check out the Gregorian chant Dies Irae.
Amen.
Im trying to get into religion. I am a catholic threw the choice of my parents but have never felt drawn to catholicism. can somebody explain what religion is based upon this hym and how the seek to live ?
This is Eastern Christian Orthodox. Traditional Christianity before Roman Catholics (Latin speaking) parted ways to follow the Pope. Eastern Orthodox Christians have 4 patriarchs but no Pope - as Jesus Christ remains head of the Church without a vicar/Pope. I converted and it has been most beautiful journey of my life.
Religions are are cults! Be aware and stay away from any type of idol, cult, sect, religion and other idols. Indeed, idolatry is a terrible sin against over unique God.
@@DionysiosPhryx Shut up
amin.
ทุกอย่างมันเชื่อมโยงตรงไปสู่ตาลีบัน พระบิดาบอกไม่จบสักทีเสียงหายไปอีกละ
...and here we are again...
Can you tell me your source on what the tones express? Certainly certain tones are appropriate for certain moods but I don't think this can be as simply distilled and I don't think we can make wholesale claims about the tones especially given their evolution over time. Tone B (or what I'd call 2nd Mode) is also called the "Royal Tone" as it is associated Phimis and Polychronious. Plagal 2nd can be somber sounding but if you look at the text of a hymn it's not always sad.
🙏❤❤❤❤🙏🙏❤❤❤❤🙏🙏
Οἱ τὰ χερουβὶμ μυστικῶς εἰκονίζοντες
καὶ τῇ ζωοποιῷ τριάδι τὸν τρισάγιον ὕμνον προσᾴδοντες
πᾶσαν τὴν βιωτικὴν ἀποθώμεθα μέριμναν
Ὡς τὸν βασιλέα τῶν ὅλων ὑποδεξόμενοι
ταῖς ἀγγελικαῖς ἀοράτως δορυφορούμενον τάξεσιν
ἀλληλούϊα ἀλληλούϊα ἀλληλούϊα
Awesome
ulan bi ezan dinliyorum bi bunu dinliyorum biz senelerce bizans muzigi gibi ezan dinlemisiz
:)
Eastern Orthodox Church.
The Orthodox is the only pure and true religion. Peace for all religions. 💕 Kyrie eleison. Glory to God! 💕
Because Eastern Catholics supposedly keep their former traditions when in union with Rome.
This is the music of the Orthodox Church! Liturgical chant is the norm throughout Orthodoxy, something which is sadly mostly gone from Roman Catholicism, which has mostly embraced Protestant-style music.
Catholicism is a puzzle of different culture, more that 1 billion all around the globe. hard to keep and impose a unique style of liturgy, personally I love both style. don't worry we do have mystical chant, Gregorian chant from the Abbey of Clairvaux. have a good day
Isn't this the 3rd plagal?
norpsi 2020 the king returns
This is my personal Christianity.
MAGNIFICENT INDEED.
@grittygreenhorn could not agree with you more
i think ur question has the answer hidden it it which would be "modern protestantism is creation of man".
Can you tell me something about the mosaic with Abel and Melchizidek? Where is it located, what is the story behind it, and why are they performing the Eucharist? Isn't that unusual?
Because they both offered sacrifices pleading to God. And are forerunners of Christ
@@Gruenders That's very interesting, thank you!
Kat Karsecs I meant *pleasing btw haha and only 7 years too late! Lol
@@Gruenders I had completely forgotten I'd even asked!!! :D I was doing an art history degree at the time and studying Byzantine art, that's the only reason i even knew it was Melchizidek. :D
I was there on 21 Dec 2012 and nothing happened. I think I was drunk or something.
what is the creature represented at 4:17 ?
Karthadasht It is an artistic representation of St Luke the evangelist as a winged ox
best!
Brian, don't Eastern Greek Catholics sing this as well?
They are gradually replacing it with western music and changing a lot of the scriptures in the music
They are losing their past Orthodox tradition and many of the priests are disrespecting what left of the Byzantine "Orthodox like" liturgy
Jesus told us to pray for self:
Dear LORD, bless and keep all whom you bring in the woman of him, in his name, for You put the son, the same -human out in the world not to judge but to save in Your name, the only becoming the Son of God. You sent your only Son, our Lord,the Christ to save us by His sacrifice thru which we all passed from under the curse and entered into the blessing of Abraham, whom You blessed in all; we all of body, of soul, of spirit return to You, dear heavenly Father, the Master of heaven and earth, for You joined in body of him, his creation, the living church of God with heaven and earth, so that You, o LORD, have mercies on us, and You, o, God to pardon us for us, for the ones saved in the body of him, creation from the beginning are the sinners of this world brought in flesh thru forgiveness in Christ Jesus name and love of God, by our Lord Jesus Christ, the Saviour of all. May our Lord judgement in heaven and land be done in His righteousness, that sons and daughters to be saved, and live in the love of God in the body of Christ Himself, whom You created so wonderful from the beginning of days in the name of the FATHER, in the name of the Son, and in the name of the holy Spirit, the one breathing the breath of life in nostrils of him, whose body is the living church of God, in whom You joined each one with Christ, our Lord, our Saviour, in a holy covenant of life in Jesus name forever, AMEN!
Magnificent!
What does "Plagal 4th" mean?
There are 5 different plagal, or “tones”, that liturgical hymns are sung in. This is sung in the 4th.
IC XC NIKA
ΛΕΒΕΝΤ´ΙΑΣ Α-Ω
Слушайте видео с богословом Осипов Алексей Ильич - который на данный момент является самым умным и авторитетным богословом В России ,про состояния которые черт нам вносит в душу при церковной музыке и при молитве в храме когда мы ее слушаем -а не молимся , просто в пиджаке перед всеми попами и монахами без фанатизма все говорит.
i ll come to agree with ZOLTRAN1 greetings friends.
VIVA CRISTO REY HJDTSRPTM!!! >:7🎶✨👌
No juegues con eso, "no pondras el nombre de el señor tu dios en vano" . Yo cometo muchos errores al dia pero esto que tu isiste no lo ago
Hope, why not seek out a Catholic priest to talk about it? Chants are an integral part of Catholic worship and liturgy as well.
Darude - Sandstorm?
Original byzantine church music has its roots in middle-eastern tradition (nowadays territories of Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine..) and not in Greek tradition. Greek LANGUAGE was, and that is true, an official language throughout the forementioned territories, like english today. Of course, in later ages Greeks contributed also to the development of the byzantine chants.
Greetings, brother.
What? What about HELLENISM? Besides there is no byzantine chruch...we are Romans. East-Rome....do your homework Mister
@@PAOK-G4-Orcs
Not sure I'm picking up what you're putting down. Probably you're answering to the wrong person.
What are you afraid of? Why is this obsession with hellenism? Unfortunately for you, we are still here and as long we can read, we know a lot others don't want to be revealed.
Ideal para Halloween
Anybody else here this and immediately want to play Assassins Creed Brotherhood and Assassins Creed 2?
Yep
deccal
You calling Antichrist this Psalmodie?! Change country or change your wrong books (if you read).
cyannex πινεις λιγμενα ??
As the world descend's into chaos, the Monastic church is all that will be able to survive in hidden places as wolves roam the land and burn all before them.
That would make Turkey part of the Orthodox and European family. And would make America and international Jewry very, very angry.....
Saint John Chrysostom;;
Status
Under Article 64.6 of the Covenant of One-Heaven (Pactum De Singularis Caelum) by Special Qualification shall be known as a Saint, with all sins and evil acts they performed forgiven.
Date of formal Beatification
Day of Redemption GAIA E1:Y1:A1:S1:M9:D1 also known as [Fri, 21 Dec 2012].
Source of Facts Self Confession and Revelation of Sainthood by the Deceased Spirit as condition of their confirmation as a true Saint.
Source of Facts
Self Confession and Revelation of Sainthood by the Deceased Spirit as condition of their confirmation as a true Saint.
Background
Son of Maximus, Imperial Patriarch and Primate of Christianity (350-386) and grandson of Paul, Imperial Patriarch and Primate of Christianity (337-350). To deliberate confuse and hide the dynastic nature of the Imperial Patriarchy of Christianity, his place of birth is claimed as Antioch.
Similarly, since the 13th and 14th centuries, the Roman Cult have belittled the position of the Imperial Patriarchy of Christianity to merely being a Patriarch of Constantinople.
Famed for his oratory skills, the name 'Chrystostom' is a title of honor. His real name and his family Clan name are lost to the sands of history.
Venerated as saint and father of the church by both Eastern and Western Christians, John Chrysostom is famous for arguably being the first "fundamentalist teacher" of the Catholic Faith in which he promoted literal belief of christian ideals, and a complete hatred towards applying allegory or intellect to the words regarded as scripture.
Like all senior Christian clergy, John Chrysostom had a deep hatred of the satanic and human sacrifice religion of Cybele. In one famous account, it is said he ordered Imperial troops into Phrygia (Turkey) and utterly destroyed the last remaining temples to Cybele, killing the priests (galloi) and leveling Tarsus amongst other centers.
He is also reputed to have undertaken similar purges through other regions of the Empire, targeting the ancient Phoenician Temples to Moloch. However, it is not known to what degree any attacks were undertaken on the Independent state of Sarmara in the Levant as a major center of satanic worship and mass human sacrifice during this period.
Considered an ancient arch-enemy of the ancestors of both the Roman Cult and the Venetian Satanic Cult, they exacted their revenge upon his memory by creating the horrendous forgery "Against the Jews" -- an obvious lie given the word "Jew" was not created until the Jesuits in the 16th Century from a Japanese word for "cattle".
Oh, God... I was view 666... I'm scared!
enjoy the music and avoid the religion :-)
beautiful.
Bernd Mensing είναι στα αγγλικά
Bernd Mensing προσπαθώ να πω, ότι το βίντεο είναι στα αγγλικά.