Why Didn't The SS Yarmouth Castle Call For Help?

Поделиться
HTML-код
  • Опубликовано: 14 ноя 2024

Комментарии • 156

  • @George_M_
    @George_M_ Месяц назад +263

    Props to the engineer crew staying to the end while the master ran off.

    • @Michael_Brock
      @Michael_Brock Месяц назад +43

      Master should have been charged with redrum and manslaughter, then banned from any seafaring activities.

    • @SamuelGeist
      @SamuelGeist Месяц назад +21

      Disgusting behaviour from the master. He had a duty to those passengers and his crew and his ship (in that order of priority, I imagine) and he ought to have been found in dereliction of said duty, at minimum! I certainly wouldn't sail with such a ship's master again.

  • @ukeyaoitrash2618
    @ukeyaoitrash2618 Месяц назад +348

    Smart to see that on the radar and respond immediately!

    • @sIightIybored
      @sIightIybored Месяц назад +30

      How many people would have no care or curiosity about why something was moving away from you

    • @SamuelGeist
      @SamuelGeist Месяц назад +18

      Yes indeed, truly exceptional professionalism.

    • @Mechanized85
      @Mechanized85 18 дней назад

      yeah a fucking sarcasm shit

  • @gregorcutt1199
    @gregorcutt1199 Месяц назад +338

    I hate to point out the obvious, but as in aviation any smoke should be an immediate emergency distress call. When you figure out it's not serious then you can cancel the emergency

    • @tatianaes3354
      @tatianaes3354 Месяц назад +30

      Also the obvious is that when the driving force for doing things is profit, which is blatantly postulated in companies’ charters, then safety does not matter as much as profits. This is just how capitalism works.

    • @jimmydesouza4375
      @jimmydesouza4375 Месяц назад +32

      @@tatianaes3354 Absolute nonsense my friend lmao. Why do people like you have to try to do this everywhere? The Admiral Nakhimov for example had nothing to do with profit motivation.
      Just give it a rest.

    • @stinkytoy
      @stinkytoy Месяц назад +16

      ​@@jimmydesouza4375 I think it would be fair to say that a great many disasters (maritime or otherwise) can at least be traced back to someone not wanting to hurt their or their superior's bottom line, regardless of what their nominal economic philosophy was. So, not necessarily capitalism itself, though, as an aside, I do in fact agree with that commenter that it can be blamed directly for a lot of misfortunes.
      In the case of the sinking of admiral nakhimov, and the exceptionally high loss of life, there were a number of contributing factors that would at least fall under the "protect the bottom line" mantra. But yeah, of course an accident taking place in the soviet union involving two soviet ships can't really be blamed on capitalism hahaha

    • @jimmydesouza4375
      @jimmydesouza4375 Месяц назад +11

      ​@@stinkytoy Of course human fallibility is to blame for everything that isn't simple freak happenstance. It still doesn't change the fact that screaming about capitalism is never a cogent observation and simply people giving airtime to their brainwashing.
      And it is so boring too. 24/7/365 every single thing in media or online is "capitalism bad!!" Does someone like the guy I replied to think he is being brave or unique by parroting the thing he was told to parrot all through his education?

    • @stinkytoy
      @stinkytoy Месяц назад

      @@jimmydesouza4375 ....I think you may be overstating the degree to which society is inundated with anti-capitalism propaganda. I guess you could just run into it a lot, but I certainly don't. And even if it was indeed constant and insufferable, you can rest assured that it isn't making a difference beyond annoying some folks.
      It does sound like you're pretty upset about this, though. Don't worry, capitalism isn't going anywhere. In the meantime, it's easy to just write off and ignore the comments you're talking about.

  • @Christian-ve1wi
    @Christian-ve1wi Месяц назад +71

    Still so important to this day to always have crew members designated to keeping watch.

  • @jaquigreenlees
    @jaquigreenlees Месяц назад +44

    One of the incidents that caused a world wide ban on timber framing onboard passenger ships.

  • @Salac0
    @Salac0 Месяц назад +49

    Admirable efforts by both the crew and the rescuers. They surely rescued many people given the circumstances.

    • @KuK137
      @KuK137 Месяц назад +11

      Crew maybe but commander who ran in the first boat? LOL no...

    • @scotttudor6647
      @scotttudor6647 Месяц назад +4

      With the notable exception of the Captain and other crew who were in the first lifeboat off

  • @HDxEXoThERMiA
    @HDxEXoThERMiA Месяц назад +51

    So there were no sprinklers in the storeroom because it was orrigionally a toilet.
    Genuine question, why were there no sprinklers in the toilets?
    All I can think is they're either unnecessary due to the amount of other plumbing, or somehow unsafe.

    • @hanzzel6086
      @hanzzel6086 Месяц назад +23

      I would imagine the lack of flammable materials, since retty much everything would be metal/ceramic/porcelain. Which would naturally prevent the small fires that could start in the trashcans and toiletpaper/paper towel holders from spreading or growing too large.

    • @alliegrey4364
      @alliegrey4364 Месяц назад +6

      People smoking in the toilet?

    • @geoff1201
      @geoff1201 Месяц назад +2

      I should think there were plenty of sprinklers in the toilets.

  • @worldsokayestcatdad6798
    @worldsokayestcatdad6798 Месяц назад +76

    I like your intro ... extremely respectful of the tragedy that happenned. Well done.

  • @DaimyoD0
    @DaimyoD0 Месяц назад +52

    Did the master of the Yarmouth Castle get in any trouble? Or was taking a lifeboat to the nearby ship to communicate about the evacuation correct protocol since they lost radio contact?

    • @user-Aaron-
      @user-Aaron- Месяц назад +52

      Was wondering this too but I concluded that surely it was more important for him to stay on the ship to do whatever he could and instead delegate someone else to be responsible for sending out communications, like, say, the radio operators who otherwise had no duty to perform anyway.

    • @mattd6085
      @mattd6085 Месяц назад +51

      @@user-Aaron- "Congratulations Kiff, you're promoted from radio operator to captain! I'll see you soon. Maybe.""

    • @Andystuff800
      @Andystuff800 Месяц назад +16

      The investigation blamed him and the crew for abandoning ship and not properly assisting in evacuation, but I can't find any info on whether or not he faced any consequences. The captain claims he always intended to return to the ship (which according to one report he did), and that he was the last to leave.

    • @weylinpiegorsch9253
      @weylinpiegorsch9253 Месяц назад +5

      He was tried for "Violation of Duty" but I can't find anything about the outcome of the trial.

  • @djmit44
    @djmit44 Месяц назад +14

    Gordon Lightfoot wrote and recorded “The Ballad of the Yarmouth Castle”. It was really interesting to learn the real details from this video and compare them to the lyrics (I think the song did a very good job.)

    • @Chris-hx3om
      @Chris-hx3om Месяц назад +3

      Not the only shipping tragedy he did a song about. The Wreck of the Edmond Fitzgerald. One of the saddest songs I know.

  • @felixcat9318
    @felixcat9318 Месяц назад +30

    The mandated installation of fireproof and fire resisting materials in the fitting out of vessels, together with the banning of materials which emit toxic smoke has gone a long way to ensure vessels safety.
    Likewise, the shipwide installation of sophisticated electronic fire detection, alarm and suppression systems and CCTV, and a mandated Fire Watch Officer helps to minimise the incidence of shipborne fires.
    It took horrendously large losses of life before proper systems were mandated which ship owners were forced to comply with, but modern vessels have immensely better protection than at any other time in marine history.

    • @Hybris51129
      @Hybris51129 Месяц назад +1

      While I don't question any of these statements this is so textbook that it sounds like an AI bot made the comment.

    • @felixcat9318
      @felixcat9318 Месяц назад +4

      @@Hybris51129 My point is that this is all indeed textbook stuff, so why did the industry take so long resisting the implementation of these obvious safety measures until they had to be forced into doing it by government legislation?

    • @user-Aaron-
      @user-Aaron- Месяц назад +9

      ​@@Hybris51129No, that's just what it looks like when someone actually knows how to write their sentences and structure their paragraphs in a logical and coherent manner. It's really quite sad that it's so rare.

    • @Hybris51129
      @Hybris51129 Месяц назад +1

      @@user-Aaron- In this age of rampant bot accounts it pays to question when something looks too good.

    • @user-Aaron-
      @user-Aaron- Месяц назад +5

      @@Hybris51129 You're not wrong, it's just sad that this is where we find ourselves. In most other contexts I'd be inclined to agree with your assessment.

  • @seaeagle8976
    @seaeagle8976 Месяц назад +9

    When you train to be a licensed captain, a huge amount of time is spent on fire prevention and fire-fighting training. This is why.

  • @NobodyGoesREKT
    @NobodyGoesREKT Месяц назад +33

    Such a sad ending to such a beautiful ship. Its a good thing tho that there were other vessels nearby, which i got sattisfied of seeing another ship giving aid to a sinking ship and rescuing her Passengers. I cant imagine how terrifying it would be if the Finnpulp had already gone away faster and didnt detected the Yarmouth Castle, or if the Bahama Star was too far away behind the sinking ship...
    Rest in peace for those who had lost their lives in that tragedy

  • @sage5296
    @sage5296 Месяц назад +4

    While the master did leave the ship early, they also didn't get any distress call off, so direct person to person communication was the only way the rescue ships knew the number of souls or how many lifeboats were needed and such I would guess

  • @wbedard
    @wbedard Месяц назад +47

    It might be an unknown aspect of the incident but I was wondering what caused the ship to actually sink? Did the fire burn/melt through the outer hull or was it a result of all the firefighting water not getting drained/pumped overboard?

    • @0topon
      @0topon Месяц назад +65

      Seems like the fire burned through the hull: "All survivors had been pulled aboard Finnpulp and Bahama Star by 4:00 a.m., by which time YARMOUTH CASTLE´s hull was glowing red. The water around the ship was visibly boiling. Just before 6:00 a.m., YARMOUTH CASTLE rolled over onto its port side. There was a roar of steam and bursting boilers, and it sank beneath the surface at 6:03 a.m." Source: Article from Wrecksite

    • @brycechristensen1510
      @brycechristensen1510 Месяц назад +7

      Thanks- I had the same question and was wondering how to ask without looking like a complete noob- I was certain I was missing something obvious. You managed to hit on what I had considered, so thanks for getting it addressed.

    • @2testtest2
      @2testtest2 Месяц назад +16

      ​@0topon By that account, I'd say it's possible the hull didn't burn through, but softened enough from the high temperature that it yielded and folded in on it self, potentially ripping it self apart on the process. End result is the same non the less.

    • @0topon
      @0topon Месяц назад +4

      @@2testtest2 I thought the same, i would classify this scenario though as "burned through".

    • @chriskortan1530
      @chriskortan1530 Месяц назад +23

      It's very unlikely the hull "burned through". However ships have many intakes, drains, sea chests and other openings. The fire would have melted or burned off seals or gaskets. Components are often brass, which has a much lower melting point than steel. The subsequent failure of these openings would allow tons of water in to the hull.

  • @AugmentedGravity
    @AugmentedGravity Месяц назад +1

    Amazing work from the nearby ships.

  • @Powertampa
    @Powertampa Месяц назад +27

    So this is where Schettino got the idea of fucking off the moment shit hits the fan... though he seems to have missed the part about making himself useful.

  • @RoBert-ix6ev
    @RoBert-ix6ev Месяц назад +2

    Also thank YOU for the interesting topic again!

  • @michaelbenitez539
    @michaelbenitez539 Месяц назад +18

    Fun fact: Apparently a woman the Captain of The Bahamas Star was dating was actually on the Yarmouth Castle and she survived the disaster

  • @willetfarm
    @willetfarm Месяц назад +3

    Binocliars? 4:24 And the wonky 'P' in the Port sign, lol. Love watching for that easter egg.

  • @miro007ist
    @miro007ist Месяц назад +1

    Best channel on youtube

  • @bigutubefan2738
    @bigutubefan2738 Месяц назад

    Really good video. Well done!

  • @vj.joseph
    @vj.joseph 21 день назад

    Now i understand, one of my own long standing questions about ship structure.

  • @PennsyPappas
    @PennsyPappas Месяц назад +10

    Im kind of surprised the ship is still undiscovered as i wouldve thought the rescue ships wouldve documented the exact position so as to later find it or at least for the investigation.

    • @hanzzel6086
      @hanzzel6086 Месяц назад +14

      I think it's because it's not a high priority wreck. It's too deep there for any chance of post-sinking survivors, and the causes could be determined without the wreck. The only information that could only have been determined by investigating the wreck is the initial cause of the fire, but that evidence was probably destroyed by either the fire or the sinking.

    • @PennsyPappas
      @PennsyPappas Месяц назад +4

      @@hanzzel6086 Fair enough it's just still kind of a surprise it hasn't been found yet just because you think okay somewhat easy find. But maybe one day someone will stumble upon it by accident like so many other wrecks throughout history have been. It would be interesting to see if any of the burned part of the ship still remains given it's how badly it's probably degraded over time.

    • @weylinpiegorsch9253
      @weylinpiegorsch9253 Месяц назад +4

      That long ago, "exact position" without GPS would not be what we think of it today. On top of that, she's VERY deep and they got a pretty good report without finding her, so you have to wonder how much added benefit would it be to find her compared to the cost of finding her.

    • @PennsyPappas
      @PennsyPappas Месяц назад

      @@weylinpiegorsch9253 Probably not super accurate tue but gives searchers a decent location to look. Other ship wrecks have been much further down and it's more of just a way of finding long lost forgotten ships. There's rarely money to be made in finding a ship but the historical value is there. There are so many ships out there that have gone missing and the reason they're famous and wish to be found is that there were no survivors and people want to know what happened. Obviously in this case yeah we know what happened but it still be nice to see what the ship looks like today. Again someone may stumble across her though probably unlikely at this point. Still it be nice if just one more lost ship could be found. Heck it be nice if all lost ships could be found but that's a big ask.

    • @sage5296
      @sage5296 Месяц назад +2

      @@weylinpiegorsch9253 Plus exact position on the surface, it's still got a ways to go down and it drifts with currents to some extent, it won't go dead straight down to the floor

  • @chriskortan1530
    @chriskortan1530 Месяц назад +11

    No mention of the fate of captain "Schettino"? That guy at least got 16 years in prison.

  • @Nobody.exe50
    @Nobody.exe50 Месяц назад

    more vids of cases with this type of animation , love it

  • @bobillho_404
    @bobillho_404 Месяц назад +20

    Would you ever consider doing a breakdown of the OceanGate stuff? Not the physics but the procedure and mishandling.

    • @cruisinguy6024
      @cruisinguy6024 Месяц назад +6

      I don’t know what he could offer that hasn’t already been covered by numerous other channels and analysis. We all know what went wrong there.

    • @bobillho_404
      @bobillho_404 Месяц назад +3

      @@cruisinguy6024 That's true. Other channels talked about what failed on the sub. But I'd be interested to hear CasNav's description of the communication and failures therein from the surface vessel.

  • @user-oy4lk7fd9w
    @user-oy4lk7fd9w Месяц назад

    I want to extend my sincere thanks to the crew of the finnpulp and bahama star for doing what they could. Without your courage and hard work, it would've been so much worse.

  • @Josh-oo4qd
    @Josh-oo4qd Месяц назад +1

    Hi there great vid however I'd would like to a video on ship prefixes ie SS and MV as I still don't understand what there for thank you

  • @PsRohrbaugh
    @PsRohrbaugh Месяц назад +11

    5:30 still don't know what a rollock is

    • @SMqk9oo
      @SMqk9oo Месяц назад +16

      Rowlock - it's the brace in the side of a boat that the oar sits in to hold it in place and acts as the fulcrum to provide the leverage.

    • @PsRohrbaugh
      @PsRohrbaugh Месяц назад +6

      ​@@SMqk9oo Thank you! Part of it was the accent / pronunciation. If I heard "row lock" instead of "roll ock" I could've figured it out from context.

  • @lawrencelewis2592
    @lawrencelewis2592 Месяц назад

    I remember when it happened. It was an old tub, too old to still be sailing.

  • @kimreinikainen
    @kimreinikainen Месяц назад +5

    30 year anniversary of M/S Estonia

  • @just.jose.youtube
    @just.jose.youtube Месяц назад +1

    I never understood why some (older?) engine powered ships also have masts and ropes...??
    The 87 casualties were due to the fire and not the sinking of the ship, right?

    • @DanStaal
      @DanStaal Месяц назад +7

      Often they are for radar and radio. They aren’t ropes, they’re antennas.

    • @just.jose.youtube
      @just.jose.youtube Месяц назад +1

      @@DanStaal thank you very much!

  • @tyger441
    @tyger441 Месяц назад

    dumb question but how did the ship sink if the fire was on the upper decks? how did water start getting into the hull?

  • @ErkenleyJadenSepocado
    @ErkenleyJadenSepocado Месяц назад

    can you do the dona paz next?

  • @kylo_ben
    @kylo_ben Месяц назад +17

    Was the master’s surname Schettino by any chance?

  • @whofandb
    @whofandb Месяц назад

    A security officer on rounds didn't check the area where the fire started. That was the only area he missed. Coincidence?

  • @shingshongshamalama
    @shingshongshamalama Месяц назад +31

    Grandfathering in things that aren't up to code should not be a thing. If it's not safe, it's not safe, never mind how old it is.

    • @GlynOC
      @GlynOC Месяц назад +6

      The Boeing 737 has entered the chat

    • @TheHalfBorg
      @TheHalfBorg Месяц назад +18

      Not grandfathering in previously deemed safe technology would mean that we need to replace 80% of all buildings, cars, trains, ships and power plants.
      That is not economically viable.
      New stuff has to follow the new rules is the only way to ever get it done without massive disturbance to the economy.

    • @shingshongshamalama
      @shingshongshamalama Месяц назад

      @@TheHalfBorg The economy is not a person. The economy is, in fact, zero people. "The Economy" is just wall street bankers' drug funds. I don't give a flying shit about "The Economy". I care about knowingly endangering HUMAN LIVES to save money. That's morally disgusting to me.

    • @bryceanderson4864
      @bryceanderson4864 Месяц назад +2

      ​@@TheHalfBorgFair, but people should have the right to know if and how something is not up to code.

    • @sethsevaroth
      @sethsevaroth Месяц назад

      ​@@bryceanderson4864you'll never know that. Everything made by someone or something else is good enough, until it isn't.
      I work in IT, I could tell you how many critical systems are protected by "admin123" and are tied into a 20 years old vendor software with proprietary code that does some absolutely critical function. My entire career has been in make these 3 or 4 distinct systems talk to each other and then make the output human readible. Also business was behind the 8 ball with the funding approvals and prioritization and you now have 6 weeks to solve and productionize all of the code or the client will be big mad.
      I would still trust legacy tech that has been continuously in service over anything modern.

  • @CJM-rg5rt
    @CJM-rg5rt Месяц назад

    What happens to the steel hulls when this happens? I mean they sink so does the hull just warp and let water in?

  • @WalterBurton
    @WalterBurton Месяц назад

    What a night.

  • @ironcito1101
    @ironcito1101 Месяц назад

    Shouldn't the location of the wreckage be pretty well known? It was before GPS but there were two other ships and several aircraft on site. Then again, I don't know if much effort has gone intro trying to find it.

  • @mellon4251
    @mellon4251 Месяц назад +7

    So why exactly did it sink? Heared about ships that have burned for days without sinking

    • @0topon
      @0topon Месяц назад +16

      Seems like the fire burned through the hull: "All survivors had been pulled aboard Finnpulp and Bahama Star by 4:00 a.m., by which time YARMOUTH CASTLE´s hull was glowing red. The water around the ship was visibly boiling. Just before 6:00 a.m., YARMOUTH CASTLE rolled over onto its port side. There was a roar of steam and bursting boilers, and it sank beneath the surface at 6:03 a.m."
      Source: Article from Wrecksite

    • @mellon4251
      @mellon4251 Месяц назад +2

      @@0topon Thanks

    • @Varangian_af_Scaniae
      @Varangian_af_Scaniae Месяц назад +3

      @@0topon Thanks for that info, Casual Navigation could have been more informative.

  • @Lemmon714_
    @Lemmon714_ Месяц назад

    The Moby Prince disaster would make a good video

  • @therealsnow
    @therealsnow Месяц назад +5

    Captain first one to evacuate 😅

    • @sct913
      @sct913 Месяц назад +6

      I always understood that the master of Bahama Star refused to let him board his ship.

    • @user-Aaron-
      @user-Aaron- Месяц назад +4

      ​@@sct913I'm gonna look into this more myself but do you happen to know anything more about that? Like did he just leave him in the lifeboat to go back and rescue more people, having him take up a seat each time?

    • @sct913
      @sct913 Месяц назад +2

      @@user-Aaron- As I recall, he was directed to go back to the Yarmouth Castle.

  • @dijoxx
    @dijoxx Месяц назад

    Renaming a ship brings bad luck.

  • @z50king29
    @z50king29 Месяц назад

    That's the great thing about seamen, they see someone in need and they turn their shit around and help

  • @Estline_91
    @Estline_91 Месяц назад

    new video keep up the good work

  • @AnonOmis1000
    @AnonOmis1000 Месяц назад +9

    Was the ship master punished for abandoning ship so early?

  • @premitive1
    @premitive1 Месяц назад +3

    The explanation of events is a bit unclear. The way you explain it, the crew knew about the fire for a while, and searched for it before bothering to alert anyone, and when they perhaps maybe kind of thought about sounding alarms it was too late????

  • @TacticalRuse
    @TacticalRuse Месяц назад +2

    Nuggets

  • @eherrmann01
    @eherrmann01 Месяц назад +5

    Safety regulations are written in blood.

  • @Bwallsi
    @Bwallsi Месяц назад +1

    I wish to create a channel similar to your but instead of ships I will create animations about planes.could you tell me which animation software you use

    • @clownschoolvaledictorian
      @clownschoolvaledictorian 28 дней назад

      I will watch when you do, aviation safety has long been an interest of mine

  • @skylineXpert
    @skylineXpert Месяц назад +1

    He was the schettino of the 60s.
    This captain i have very few sentences to describe him for what he did.

  • @catpower2915
    @catpower2915 Месяц назад

    People Coughed to death

  • @whofandb
    @whofandb Месяц назад +1

    Why do Greek and Italian captains seem to abandon ship so quickly?

  • @otipro083
    @otipro083 Месяц назад +3

    FINLAND MENTIONED RAAAHHHHHH!!!🦅🦅🦅🦅🦅🦅🦅🦅🦅🦅🦅🦅

  • @ianm452
    @ianm452 Месяц назад +2

    Surely it's pronounced "Nas-saw" in the Bahamas, "Nass-ow" in New York state.

  • @PsRohrbaugh
    @PsRohrbaugh Месяц назад +1

    I've been a RUclips member for 1 year 8 months. Are we chop liver?

  • @andrewdillon7837
    @andrewdillon7837 Месяц назад +1

    Another vid about this suspected Arson as the fire cause , disgruntled employee ..

  • @LaurentPerrinlolo
    @LaurentPerrinlolo Месяц назад +1

    42 min response time from the coast guard. 😮

  • @thermidorthelobster4645
    @thermidorthelobster4645 Месяц назад +2

    Nass-ow? It’s not German :)

  • @TheOtherSteel
    @TheOtherSteel Месяц назад +4

    Another cowardly captain.

  • @padathir
    @padathir Месяц назад +5

    The Master abandoned while there were still hundreds of passengers to be evacuated???

  • @HeinThantZin-gm8if
    @HeinThantZin-gm8if Месяц назад

    it was lucky

  • @grondhero
    @grondhero Месяц назад +1

    As a former Army grunt, I learned that pretty much all rules and regulations were written in blood.

  • @PianoKwanMan
    @PianoKwanMan Месяц назад

    I always get a lump in my throat and slightly teary eyed when external people help, and when the engine staff go down with the ship while on duty and giving more time to everyone else to get out. They always go last, if ever :(

  • @donmacdonald8516
    @donmacdonald8516 Месяц назад

    73rd!

  • @Booster-183
    @Booster-183 Месяц назад +5

    real.

  • @oliveroun7391
    @oliveroun7391 Месяц назад +4

    hello

  • @Lemmon714_
    @Lemmon714_ Месяц назад

    I can't imagine showing my face in public or even living with my conscience if I was a ship captain and abandoned everyone. That captain and the Costa Concordia captain have to be sociopaths.

  • @stevenneiman1554
    @stevenneiman1554 Месяц назад

    Safety rules, as the saying goes, are always written in blood.

  • @Ellirius
    @Ellirius Месяц назад

    My TV shortened the video title after "SS" so I came here to say "Nürnberg"...

  • @fuiehfjfcnsl
    @fuiehfjfcnsl Месяц назад

    ein Kommentar

  • @lannguyenthi-tf6ud
    @lannguyenthi-tf6ud Месяц назад

    Hi

  • @adamwishneusky
    @adamwishneusky Месяц назад

    Nessow bahamas

  • @WalterBurton
    @WalterBurton Месяц назад

    I hate get my peanut butter in y'all's chocolate, but this is what we're fighting for, in Ukraine, and at the ballot box in the US. Institutions. Democratic scientific institutions. That's what gives value to these lessons.

  • @TheSmiesko
    @TheSmiesko Месяц назад +2

    2nd

  • @tickobeast6374
    @tickobeast6374 Месяц назад +3

    7th

  • @slrman12
    @slrman12 Месяц назад +5

    First