Your method of using Blender to render the AFM height data yields the most professional looking height visualizations I've seen in my 16 years of science. After introducing you to optimal color map design, you're showing me new tricks. :)
I love how one guy in a garage have all this nice equipment. I am doing a PHD in experimental physics, and I have to make metalic pieces by hand, one could only dream!
What you're calling the "rake angle" is normally called the "cutting edge angle". Rake is the angle of the face that the chip rolls over, relative to the normal of the cutting plane.
Kern are good, but @nanotechsys6311 (Moore Special Tool Company's spinoff brand) are one of the few companies that make those real commercial diamond turning lathes & diamond mills. And jig grinders and...
Why would he need a sponsor? I mean, he'd either have to have a job that allows access to all this supremely expensive equipment, be privately funded, or rich as fk.. in any case a sponsor clearly isn't necessary.
Glad to see MCD and diamond machining getting the large scale attention it deserves. My master plan is slowly working 😁 Edit: Just got to the end of the video! Thanks for the holler!
If your metal is impure with gritty bits but you can machine extremely precisely, then maybe deposit some ultra pure layer on top and machine half of that?
Ah yeah, that's a point I completely forgot to mention! A layer of electroplated nickel is commonly used in the diamond turning field. It's apparently a bit of a pain to turn nicely (nickel isn't the most fun to machine in general) but it's hard and can be plated in a very pure form.
@@BreakingTaps you should be able to get silver on copper without much trouble. You may even want to look into... Tin. Unfortunately oxidation will hit fast, so either it's prototyping only or you'd need some coating
yes but no. There are people actually doing more complex things DIY, you just don't consider them as people but corporations and groups. Everyone is doing this stuff DIY, using whatever they can/want from others while figuring it out for themselves. Though there's countless individuals or groups advancing technology whether for their own fun or for an end objective (this case seemed to be both). This stuff is not difficult to understand and do, It just requires you to understand what's going on well enough to achieve the results you desire, which is true for any aspect of life. Figure out some basis that you can work outwards from and expand your knowledge as you develop capability. Have some confidence to try stuff and learn through trial and error, there's no other teacher really. What is the difference between a Master and an Apprentice? A Master has failed more times than the Apprentice has ever tried.
You have to machine it in one motion not swirling or back and forth or whatever you're doing, that's where you're going wrong. The surface must be milled to zero tolerance then slowly cut one pass but first put a bevel on the edge of the copper so you're not starting from flat and presenting a chip from the start. I've been involved in industrial mechanics and CNC machining for more than 30 years.
Awesome work and fantastic visuals!My inner voice screamed when you lifted and reset the tool in the z axis over and over, I was so excited when you addressed my thought immediately afterwards and talked about the improvements😅
@0:33. THAT machine is what scientists use to create a Bose-Einstein Condensate. They use the lasers to cool down the sodium atoms and use evaporative cooling to do the job.
Hi! Want to try something to improve surface finish with a MCDT? Coat the surface to be finished with a Sharpie marker. Learned by accident from a co-worker that partially coated a surface. The blue spots of sharpie stood out, even if the tool cut the surface. It was shinier than the uncoated surface. We then discovered that there is search papers written about surface tension induced by an adhesive ( such as glue stick, sharpie, paint marker,etc). It was found to improve surface finish. Let me know if you try it 👍 As always, I really enjoyed your videos , fantastic work 🤘
This checks out from experience of 3D printing. Essentially, any differences at all that the machine encounters in the surface of the material being cut must impact the cutting process, however slightly, and therefore must impact the finish.. By coating the cut surface in sacrificial adhesive, you are decreasing the contrast between the cutting tool encountering a high spot, especially if coated, with surface tension as a factor, vs freely spinning over a low spot with no surface tension.
Thats wild! It does make some sense, and is about the lowest barrier of entry to put it to the test., Except that the mist cooling or spray bottle with isopropyl might cause an issue with that. I hope he gives it a test if he ends up seeing the comment!
@@connorjohnson4402 alcohol will certainly dilute the ink, we used an odourless solvent instead. The blue Dykem liquid is a lot similar to Sharpie's blue ink. Both cleans up really well with methanol, leaving a dry and clean surface the the part.
It's open source, as in royalty-free and freely to use parts of it within the licensing. But this project has quite the barrier of entry, and is likely more interesting for engineering schools or small university labs. Bringing the entry cost down from millions to several thousands is quite a feat, though.
Video sugestion: would be fun to see you rank your projects in a tier list. As you develop you workshop in the highest level of "DIYness" I think some of the projects have become, although amazing, so out of proportion from what mortals call a DIY that we cant even begin to apreciate your work the way we should. I think a tier list would be a good video to reconect with the mortal plane and maybe incentivise some of us to ascend too (Hope you don't mind the jokes). Could be in a scale of technical or theoretical difficulty, "coolness", satisfaction of the end result, affordability, etc. Anyway, your channel is awesome.
Try Tellurium copper it is a free machining alloy. Some machines have servo amplifier gain noise that can cause the chattering or its just the ball screw bearings. If possible try cutting on the Y axis to see which axis is worse. Heck even a compound motion to see if it will eliminate it. could be machine harmonics. Great video !!!!
This is just so cool. Just a middle aged guy admiring your work. I especially like how you talk through your process and problem solve. I'm sure many hours went into your research..setup..tests etc. A admire your tenacity with a project like this. Really cool to see. Thank you
As a 20 year machinist that does the complete opposite end of the spectrum(I'll spin a 100,000lbs assembly on a 12ft swing lathe and take chips the size of your spindle), and I appreciate how cool this stuff is. I do some small stuff too, but the smallest is like drilling 0.015" holes, or holding +/-0.000¹", not a few nanometers lol
Absolutely amazing video, thank you! The absolute thickness of the resulting chip isn't necessarily correlated to the absolute depth of cut - you can see this difference in your video where you cut metal inside an electron microscope. There are also some videos from roughly the 40s that show this. You can also tell some information about this from the texture of the inside of the chips - there is lots of compressive stress as the texture is very rough but the outside is smooth. That rough surface would have been smooth before the cut assuming you'd have machined it already (which you must have in order to get uniform chips to measure). This is perhaps a long-winded way of explaining why the chips end up coiled - because of the compressive stress causing the material to yield and permanently deform.
0:00-3:45 and as a CNC-machinist I'm already blown away... just WOW! Thank you for sharing this great knowledge in such immaculate quality, you got a new Sub ^^
This is fascinating. Flatness and smoothness is something I got a great appretiation of plastering a wall. Both together are hard. Those tiny cutting chips are so cool, Stunning micrographs. The shaping machine. Hand powered shapers are available, used to make geko skin moulds and internal gears. Analysis of chip thickness I've never seen before, the difference of the roughness of the two sides is amazing. To see the ball bearing difference and runout in the face was beautiful.
Probably an easier & cheaper method is sputtering copper\alum. over glass or sillicon wafer, then glue them to the a machined metal part with the correct angles needed. Consider that precision telescope mirrors are made this way.
This was really good. I watched your short video on these mirrors and had so many questions and doubts. You answered all my questions and doubts with this video. Nicely explained, excellent footage!
Amazing video! Thanks for including all the images from your precision instruments. I'm still working in thousandths, so it amazes me to behold the world of micron scale.
We still have quite a lot of milling machines that technically use hydrostatic ways (they have central lubrication that maintains oil pressure) I’d claim. They have excellent stiffness and wear resistance when under high loads, such as stainless and hardmilling. As I can achieve 0,25um Ra in aluminium using non-polished carbide inserts, I’d reckon those machines would be absolutely perfect for making mirrors. Diamond MCD tooling is ubiquitous these days, but more on lathes than milling machines. Ive just never tried it.
Don't forget, the ball screws are turned by brushless DC motors. Not steppers but still have a certain "step" to them based on how expensive the drives are. They are digital and will produce "steps" even if we can't see them or hear them.
Very cool video, love this. I feel like having the metal colder would help bonds be stiffer but at the same time more stiffness would make jaged breakouts. Warmer metal would be softer but then you form pools of metal that bunch up in front of the tool. What if everything was very cold but introduce very high vibration on the head so you only heat up whats being scraped off the surface. Optics are tough, this was a great watch and gets the brain going to achieve the ultimate finish. The vibrations will probably cause so many other issues in surface finish. Just due to the tooling bending from side to side chaging cutting angle and the inertia in the tooling machines... would be awesome to experiment like you, this is a very rewarding experiment!
The reason you can't find larger stock of ultra pure aluminum is because it's sale is restricted a bit since it is used in the nuclear fission field since aluminum is one of the few materials that neutron radiation doesn't cause to degrade since it returns to aluminum after it decays from being given all those extra neutrons. As such the smaller pieces are probably being recycled rapidly to keep the prices low so you aren't going to find cutoffs since collecting small cutoffs over time through multiple channels is one method to circumvent anti-proliferation treaties. Again, people trying to kill each other ruins perfectly good science and economic solutions to problems.
I think it's more to do with the fact that there isn't a demand. The biggest consumers of aluminum are the transportation manufactures and they don't want pure aluminum they want specific alloys in dimensional stock.
@@TurboLoveTrain That too. Pure aluminum stock isn't really all that useful outside of the nuclear industry and some very select industrial applications, so it is a secondary reason for not finding it.
what about using lapping to attain the final surface? something something 3 plate method, but with your stepped mirrors.. awesome stuff all the same, thanks for sharing ✨
Sure, lapping would work. But at the start of the video he explains that he's using high purity copper because the paper he's referencing claims that acceptable surface finishes can be attained with machining alone, without the need for additional polishing steps.
As the video was going I was doing my own commentary, then as it progressed you addressed what I was saying. I had to make a part for a very well known "Place" we will say. I have a small desktop sub 200 pound aluminum framed machine. Its highly accurate, but with the specs on the part I was doing I found that if I heated my machine in an enclosure just above 300 degrees F I would not get any thermal expansion. It took me over 3 months of trial and error to machine pillars in a substrate that was less then 25 microns tall. You did a great job. One thing I did have to do and was thinking a solution to the differences in copper harness was tempering each substrate before trying to machine them. My though was "Level the playing field"
We are cutting lacquers and DMM copper plates with diamond cutter with 3μm rim. With that knowledge available from record cutting the procedure to determine the optimal rake angle of the cutter to avoid the chip being a problem is known in our craft You do almost do the same thing , just in a different field and down to the nanometer dimensions. - we remain just about still in the μm world - well done, great what you proofed and found independently and a worthwhile video
Huh, yunno it might be! It's technically a "Blue Forest" from Asvine off Amazon, but looks like it might just be a rebrand? Writes great though, and sturdy enough to withstand some abuse int he shop 😅 Have a sampler pack of inks from different vendors that I'm slowly working through, but the big bottles I use often are "Heart of Darkness", "#41 Brown" and "Blue Black" all from Noodler's.
@@BreakingTapsAsvine and Hongdian are both just "design" houses. The parts, as with most Chinese fp brands, are all made at one plant. It's the reason you'll see so much interchangeability amongst them. The blue forest is a copy of an Otto Hutt D04
I waa expecting a rabbit hole spin-off where you'd invent a piezo-driven nano clapper box to overcome the Z-error on retraction 😂. Fascinating process and astounding work- got any video of the laser bouncing off the fresnel mirror?
6:39 the following part almost fits to the rhythm! Amazing technology. I can only try to imagine what we could make with that. Like tiny versions of bigger instruments, without much more engineering but magnitudes of order more precise.
Silver braze, problem is oxidation of diamond. It burnes, slow but does. Inert gas shilding or polishing after. It looks like milky glass after oxidation
I remember an awesome video showing scribing done on DIY CNC mill, including fine control of the spindle for direction changes. Had a hunt but couldn't find it. It occurs to me that an obvious option for improving the finish of your mirrors is to create a lapping tool with the same technique. Those little scratches and waves would polish right out in a few minutes and I'm sure you could get a near perfect mirror finish if you're careful.
Super cool video! It was a good point avoiding the z axis to move. If the servomotors of you machine axis have mecanical brake, maybe there is an Mxx code in the gcode of your machine to lock the axis with the brake. At this level of precision maybe the loop control of the servos might be noticeable.
From my brother..... That is quite interesting and very cool. There is one more thing that might have caused his wavy appearance - stiction (caused by the co-efficient of friction being higher when stationary than moving). I remember from reading an Amateur Scientist in a Scientific American way back that there are materials that have, in effect, negative stiction (where the coefficient of friction is less when stationary than when moving). The guy in the AS article used that type of material in effect as the “ways” on his scriber for scribing a diffraction grating.
Watching you do stuff that I'd never consider in my wildest dreams to be DIY possible gives me similar feelings to watching Mythbusters back in the day. I'm just amazed.
the coolest part of these IMO is how strong the binding is between the carbon lattice and the metal that holds the cutting bit.. Basically the carbon lattice is formed electrochemically and this essentially works as the strongest glue ever
My jaw was on the floor with your opening shot. Fascinating stuff to someone whose run-of-the-mill surface finish is a 4" angle grinder or maybe the da sander if I'm feeling particularly fussy. Appreciate your output fella, keep it up! ✌ 🇦🇺
2 месяца назад
Great video. I was going to mention the lifting and lowering of the tool, but you addressed that soon after. Lovely. On another note, when you include corrections, it would be nice if you left them on screen for a little longer. When you don't know that text is going to appear in a specific place, a second isn't enough time to detect the change and move your eyes to read the text.
Sunshine is delicious, rain is refreshing, wind braces us up, snow is exhilarating; there is really no such thing as bad weather, only different kinds of good weather.
Two experiments you could try. One is Areogel gravity experiment the other is converting the mirror from copper to graphene, like diamond mirror does not burn. One concept is that gravity is entanglement, as large items slowly share their entanglement they pull the fabric of space time, and compound entanglements so they do not appear to be so. So, if you surround a small speck of aerogel with entangled light it floods the speck with tertiary entanglements lowering its connection to the overall fabric of space time. In other words, making the aerogel speck just slightly lighter in weight. Diamond mirrors are common now combining laser beams using the mirrors in an oxygen free vacuum that prevents it from burning. If you convert the copper surface to graphene and separate it you should get a supper light weight version of a diamond mirror put in nitrogen or vacuum environment for laser optics, your death ray, or laser cutter.
Since the annealing process for copper involves heating it until it glows incandescently, that would suggest that you'd need temperatures far above the autoignition temperature of isopropanol to cause any meaningful softening. And while turning your mist cooler into a flamethrower _does_ sound entertaining, surely it would be easier to anneal the copper prior to any machining steps.
Copper likes a positive rake for cutting, with you using a flat tool with full width contact when shaping, keep the tool length as short as possible. In you milling operation to stop the milling marks you could try putting a wiper flat at the bottom of the tool. So instead of the clearance going for the cutting edge to to the centre create a small flat thats parallel to the cut surface the will wipe the peaks off. The flat of .15 - .2 mm if you can produce this on your lapping machine. Regarding the movement in the 'Z' axis just set the depth and plot a path around the component.
the high speed video looks amazing! need to send those to manufacturing and material lecturers for licensing. It's too good to not be used in class around the world.
this is so fucking good and packed with information. but i never got bored. you jsut added weirder and weirder tools. "ill just pop it into my electron microscope. i never leave home without one." -Oh whats that? in my other back pocket? - "oh thats just my atomic force microscope, had it since i was 12"
This is impressive. Even more being it's your own setup. Diamond turning is a really interesting method of creating optical surfaces, and I'm very interested how your v1 trap worked out!
Having heard you talk about the temper of the copper stock it occurred to me that it would be easy enough to anneal the copper stock by simply heating it with a torch until it's red hot and letting it cool back to room temperature on it's own. This insures consistently soft material to work with.
That spiral chip is so satisfying to watch, and darn is that surface finish good. I'd have thought you would have run into the limits of the machine with a finish somewhere near the first sample you showed, those early samples for a normal mill where already really quite good. So I'm really impressed how much further you could get it with some thoughtful iterations on the techniques - I don't think I'd have even thought to try and push that machine that far (though my experience may be marred by the comparative low quality of my mill). Still with the goal of a mirror in mind I think I'd have have been using the CNC to rough cut the blanks and create a bespoke shaper to do the final finish with...
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Those tiny chips under the electron microscope are so cool!! Also a 2.5 micron finishing pass is INSANE. Great video as always dude!
Aren't they just the most adorable little chips?! I was so delighted to see them as fully formed chips, just smol 🥺
@@BreakingTaps It reminds me of smashing a bag of chips to make micro chips 😂😂
BPS + BT is I collaborated I would die for
@@BreakingTaps they're very cool
BPS in the house.
Have a fun and hope filled Labor Day Weekend everyone!
Your method of using Blender to render the AFM height data yields the most professional looking height visualizations I've seen in my 16 years of science. After introducing you to optimal color map design, you're showing me new tricks. :)
14:18
Ironbow color is the CLUT used on thermal cameras and its gorgeous.
@@beautifulsmall What's CLUT?
@@stopthephilosophicalzombie9017 Color Lookup Table
@@stopthephilosophicalzombie9017/videos colour-look-up-table?
I'm only guessing
I love how one guy in a garage have all this nice equipment. I am doing a PHD in experimental physics, and I have to make metalic pieces by hand, one could only dream!
Like with a Dremel?
@@unknownhours very hard fingernails
RUclips does make it feel like everyone owns an electron microscope.
@@unknownhours yeah, or a bit bigger handdrill and saw.
@@happytoaster1 where do procure electron microscope
What you're calling the "rake angle" is normally called the "cutting edge angle". Rake is the angle of the face that the chip rolls over, relative to the normal of the cutting plane.
Whoops, that's my bad. Cheers for the correection!
A lollypop is in fact not related to underage media or to soda drinks or popular music.
Also do not confuse rake angle with hoe mounting.
No sponsor?? @KernMicrotechnikGmbH where you at? Get this man on a plane!
This needs a bump!
Eh. Just get him a Kern mill. You know, for “review”.
Kern are good, but @nanotechsys6311 (Moore Special Tool Company's spinoff brand) are one of the few companies that make those real commercial diamond turning lathes & diamond mills. And jig grinders and...
👍👍
Why would he need a sponsor?
I mean, he'd either have to have a job that allows access to all this supremely expensive equipment, be privately funded, or rich as fk.. in any case a sponsor clearly isn't necessary.
Hey! If you're ever interested in other cool crystals (like big chunks of optical sapphire) I'd be happy to send you some.
Aye, I should have known I’d see you around this part of RUclips too
What a nice surprise!
Woah, ATG in the wild. Hella cool of you to offer him some material for toying with.
Ummm…..I’m interested in other cool crystals 😬😳
Hey it's the 💎 🐢
Glad to see MCD and diamond machining getting the large scale attention it deserves. My master plan is slowly working 😁
Edit: Just got to the end of the video! Thanks for the holler!
You've introduced me to a very dangerous and deep rabbit hole 😅
The microscope shots in your videos are always fascinating. It's a view that I never get to see in the rest of my life
If your metal is impure with gritty bits but you can machine extremely precisely, then maybe deposit some ultra pure layer on top and machine half of that?
Ah yeah, that's a point I completely forgot to mention! A layer of electroplated nickel is commonly used in the diamond turning field. It's apparently a bit of a pain to turn nicely (nickel isn't the most fun to machine in general) but it's hard and can be plated in a very pure form.
maybe do silver instead. Equally easy to make a silvering bath, i guess just the tarnishing could be problematic over time.
@@ericscholem6629 Gold plating maybe? but not sure if gold would be too soft (also gold plating uses nasty cyanide salts)
@@BreakingTaps what about using the same diamond bit to burnish the copper ?
@@BreakingTaps you should be able to get silver on copper without much trouble. You may even want to look into... Tin. Unfortunately oxidation will hit fast, so either it's prototyping only or you'd need some coating
this is the highest level of DYI
Do yourself it?
@@soulextracter do yourself innit?
@@lerikhklThat’s not cricket
Dogs Yawning Indubitably
yes but no. There are people actually doing more complex things DIY, you just don't consider them as people but corporations and groups. Everyone is doing this stuff DIY, using whatever they can/want from others while figuring it out for themselves. Though there's countless individuals or groups advancing technology whether for their own fun or for an end objective (this case seemed to be both).
This stuff is not difficult to understand and do, It just requires you to understand what's going on well enough to achieve the results you desire, which is true for any aspect of life. Figure out some basis that you can work outwards from and expand your knowledge as you develop capability. Have some confidence to try stuff and learn through trial and error, there's no other teacher really. What is the difference between a Master and an Apprentice? A Master has failed more times than the Apprentice has ever tried.
Ever since that short video few days ago I was eagerly waiting for this.. Amazing tech! Both what you did and what it's going to be used for!
Love the way you present your work - very clear, no extraneous "noise". And nice results on the mirror shaping!
It is amazing that such level of precision can be achieved on modern regular industrial cnc.
Just for fun did you checked that diamond in close up to see if it doesn't have any super small surface issues?
Seems like an important oversight
You have to machine it in one motion not swirling or back and forth or whatever you're doing, that's where you're going wrong. The surface must be milled to zero tolerance then slowly cut one pass but first put a bevel on the edge of the copper so you're not starting from flat and presenting a chip from the start. I've been involved in industrial mechanics and CNC machining for more than 30 years.
Awesome work and fantastic visuals!My inner voice screamed when you lifted and reset the tool in the z axis over and over, I was so excited when you addressed my thought immediately afterwards and talked about the improvements😅
As a telescope mirror maker, I'm just screaming screaming screaming to finish it up with a very dilute cerium oxide slurry, haha.
nekřič a zamysli se.
@0:33. THAT machine is what scientists use to create a Bose-Einstein Condensate. They use the lasers to cool down the sodium atoms and use evaporative cooling to do the job.
Hi! Want to try something to improve surface finish with a MCDT? Coat the surface to be finished with a Sharpie marker.
Learned by accident from a co-worker that partially coated a surface. The blue spots of sharpie stood out, even if the tool cut the surface. It was shinier than the uncoated surface.
We then discovered that there is search papers written about surface tension induced by an adhesive ( such as glue stick, sharpie, paint marker,etc). It was found to improve surface finish.
Let me know if you try it 👍
As always, I really enjoyed your videos , fantastic work 🤘
This checks out from experience of 3D printing. Essentially, any differences at all that the machine encounters in the surface of the material being cut must impact the cutting process, however slightly, and therefore must impact the finish..
By coating the cut surface in sacrificial adhesive, you are decreasing the contrast between the cutting tool encountering a high spot, especially if coated, with surface tension as a factor, vs freely spinning over a low spot with no surface tension.
Thats wild! It does make some sense, and is about the lowest barrier of entry to put it to the test., Except that the mist cooling or spray bottle with isopropyl might cause an issue with that. I hope he gives it a test if he ends up seeing the comment!
@@connorjohnson4402 alcohol will certainly dilute the ink, we used an odourless solvent instead. The blue Dykem liquid is a lot similar to Sharpie's blue ink. Both cleans up really well with methanol, leaving a dry and clean surface the the part.
How nice that quantum technology will finally be more accessible to us average joes. Dusting off my old 2 micron milling machine.
It's open source, as in royalty-free and freely to use parts of it within the licensing. But this project has quite the barrier of entry, and is likely more interesting for engineering schools or small university labs. Bringing the entry cost down from millions to several thousands is quite a feat, though.
It does make it way more accessible to phds and postdocs who have access to otherwise well equipped labs to build on.
Video sugestion: would be fun to see you rank your projects in a tier list. As you develop you workshop in the highest level of "DIYness" I think some of the projects have become, although amazing, so out of proportion from what mortals call a DIY that we cant even begin to apreciate your work the way we should. I think a tier list would be a good video to reconect with the mortal plane and maybe incentivise some of us to ascend too (Hope you don't mind the jokes). Could be in a scale of technical or theoretical difficulty, "coolness", satisfaction of the end result, affordability, etc. Anyway, your channel is awesome.
Wow dude, what an awesome video! The cinematography must've taken ages. Thanks for bringing the world of machining to life💪
We found, when doing ultra high resolution scans, that the ball screw lubrication made a heck of a difference.
The type or amount of lube--or as simple as just making sure the screw looked thoroughly coated?
Try Tellurium copper it is a free machining alloy. Some machines have servo amplifier gain noise that can cause the chattering or its just the ball screw bearings. If possible try cutting on the Y axis to see which axis is worse. Heck even a compound motion to see if it will eliminate it. could be machine harmonics. Great video !!!!
I love the contrast where there's atomic force microscopy and that mist cooling setup in the same video.
Homer: "Uuuuhhh! ... Atomic mist cooling!"
How about the cameo of the hand dispensed squirt bottle of rubbing alcohol for the first scribing test?
This is just so cool. Just a middle aged guy admiring your work.
I especially like how you talk through your process and problem solve. I'm sure many hours went into your research..setup..tests etc.
A admire your tenacity with a project like this.
Really cool to see. Thank you
Sorry, your "Huge 8 micron" chips made me giglgesnort... These high precision tools and projects are amazing thanks for the vid.
As a 20 year machinist that does the complete opposite end of the spectrum(I'll spin a 100,000lbs assembly on a 12ft swing lathe and take chips the size of your spindle), and I appreciate how cool this stuff is. I do some small stuff too, but the smallest is like drilling 0.015" holes, or holding +/-0.000¹", not a few nanometers lol
Absolutely amazing video, thank you!
The absolute thickness of the resulting chip isn't necessarily correlated to the absolute depth of cut - you can see this difference in your video where you cut metal inside an electron microscope. There are also some videos from roughly the 40s that show this. You can also tell some information about this from the texture of the inside of the chips - there is lots of compressive stress as the texture is very rough but the outside is smooth. That rough surface would have been smooth before the cut assuming you'd have machined it already (which you must have in order to get uniform chips to measure). This is perhaps a long-winded way of explaining why the chips end up coiled - because of the compressive stress causing the material to yield and permanently deform.
0:00-3:45 and as a CNC-machinist I'm already blown away... just WOW! Thank you for sharing this great knowledge in such immaculate quality, you got a new Sub ^^
OMFG those baby curls!! :D I never thought I would think of a metal shaving as "cute", but here we are!
Old and tired: milling chips measured in mm.
Fresh and shiny: milling chips measured in μm.
15:45 chip analysis is something i hadn't considered. Very cool.
Using the thickness of the chip as data. Clever.
14:40 my face when microscopically planing copper with a single-crystal diamond tool gives you tearout like cherry burl.
it's the same all the way down, mannnn
This is fascinating. Flatness and smoothness is something I got a great appretiation of plastering a wall. Both together are hard. Those tiny cutting chips are so cool, Stunning micrographs. The shaping machine. Hand powered shapers are available, used to make geko skin moulds and internal gears. Analysis of chip thickness I've never seen before, the difference of the roughness of the two sides is amazing. To see the ball bearing difference and runout in the face was beautiful.
Probably an easier & cheaper method is sputtering copper\alum. over glass or sillicon wafer, then glue them to the a machined metal part with the correct angles needed. Consider that precision telescope mirrors are made this way.
This was really good. I watched your short video on these mirrors and had so many questions and doubts. You answered all my questions and doubts with this video. Nicely explained, excellent footage!
19:17 Quality over quantity 👍
Amazing video! Thanks for including all the images from your precision instruments. I'm still working in thousandths, so it amazes me to behold the world of micron scale.
We still have quite a lot of milling machines that technically use hydrostatic ways (they have central lubrication that maintains oil pressure) I’d claim. They have excellent stiffness and wear resistance when under high loads, such as stainless and hardmilling. As I can achieve 0,25um Ra in aluminium using non-polished carbide inserts, I’d reckon those machines would be absolutely perfect for making mirrors. Diamond MCD tooling is ubiquitous these days, but more on lathes than milling machines. Ive just never tried it.
Being able to see things like this that i didn't know existed and is so niche and fascinating is why i love youtube
Don't forget, the ball screws are turned by brushless DC motors. Not steppers but still have a certain "step" to them based on how expensive the drives are. They are digital and will produce "steps" even if we can't see them or hear them.
AC Servos are more common nowdays and i think the linear guides play a bigger role but your point is still valid. 👍🏼
@@thomas8719 whats the difference between a brushless dc motor that is precisely controlled and an ac servo?
@@vornamenachname8001I may be wrong but I believe the servos have encoders built into them whereas a brushless motor doesn’t necessarily.
Very cool video, love this.
I feel like having the metal colder would help bonds be stiffer but at the same time more stiffness would make jaged breakouts. Warmer metal would be softer but then you form pools of metal that bunch up in front of the tool.
What if everything was very cold but introduce very high vibration on the head so you only heat up whats being scraped off the surface.
Optics are tough, this was a great watch and gets the brain going to achieve the ultimate finish.
The vibrations will probably cause so many other issues in surface finish. Just due to the tooling bending from side to side chaging cutting angle and the inertia in the tooling machines... would be awesome to experiment like you, this is a very rewarding experiment!
The reason you can't find larger stock of ultra pure aluminum is because it's sale is restricted a bit since it is used in the nuclear fission field since aluminum is one of the few materials that neutron radiation doesn't cause to degrade since it returns to aluminum after it decays from being given all those extra neutrons. As such the smaller pieces are probably being recycled rapidly to keep the prices low so you aren't going to find cutoffs since collecting small cutoffs over time through multiple channels is one method to circumvent anti-proliferation treaties.
Again, people trying to kill each other ruins perfectly good science and economic solutions to problems.
I think it's more to do with the fact that there isn't a demand.
The biggest consumers of aluminum are the transportation manufactures and they don't want pure aluminum they want specific alloys in dimensional stock.
@@TurboLoveTrain That too. Pure aluminum stock isn't really all that useful outside of the nuclear industry and some very select industrial applications, so it is a secondary reason for not finding it.
I am so glad you are making this. You’re one of my favourites. Bravo.
what about using lapping to attain the final surface? something something 3 plate method, but with your stepped mirrors.. awesome stuff all the same, thanks for sharing ✨
Sure, lapping would work. But at the start of the video he explains that he's using high purity copper because the paper he's referencing claims that acceptable surface finishes can be attained with machining alone, without the need for additional polishing steps.
Awesome work! Congratulations! God bless you! 🎉
oooh sparkly
The YT recommendations I receive are often mediocre, but once in a blue moon I get gems like this video of yours. Impressive!
8:58 RUclips captions "Far Cry" with capitals like the video game.
Or the badass song by Rush!
As the video was going I was doing my own commentary, then as it progressed you addressed what I was saying. I had to make a part for a very well known "Place" we will say. I have a small desktop sub 200 pound aluminum framed machine. Its highly accurate, but with the specs on the part I was doing I found that if I heated my machine in an enclosure just above 300 degrees F I would not get any thermal expansion. It took me over 3 months of trial and error to machine pillars in a substrate that was less then 25 microns tall. You did a great job. One thing I did have to do and was thinking a solution to the differences in copper harness was tempering each substrate before trying to machine them. My though was "Level the playing field"
Thank you so much. This is an absolutely amazing field of science 😁
🥰
Absolutely love your video(s)! A lifetime ago, I used to help build and design AFMs, and it's so cool to see how you've used yours."
Super cool video and very clearly explaned!
We are cutting lacquers and DMM copper plates with diamond cutter with 3μm rim. With that knowledge available from record cutting the procedure to determine the optimal rake angle of the cutter to avoid the chip being a problem is known in our craft You do almost do the same thing , just in a different field and down to the nanometer dimensions. - we remain just about still in the μm world - well done, great what you proofed and found independently and a worthwhile video
Wait, is that a HongDian blackforrest in EF? That is a very nice choice of pen! What is your ink of choice?
Huh, yunno it might be! It's technically a "Blue Forest" from Asvine off Amazon, but looks like it might just be a rebrand? Writes great though, and sturdy enough to withstand some abuse int he shop 😅 Have a sampler pack of inks from different vendors that I'm slowly working through, but the big bottles I use often are "Heart of Darkness", "#41 Brown" and "Blue Black" all from Noodler's.
@@BreakingTapstry noodlers Bay State Blue. Trust me
@@BreakingTapsAsvine and Hongdian are both just "design" houses. The parts, as with most Chinese fp brands, are all made at one plant. It's the reason you'll see so much interchangeability amongst them. The blue forest is a copy of an Otto Hutt D04
Never thought I would be interested in cutting mirror surfaces with diamonds, yet here I am wanting more!
I waa expecting a rabbit hole spin-off where you'd invent a piezo-driven nano clapper box to overcome the Z-error on retraction 😂.
Fascinating process and astounding work- got any video of the laser bouncing off the fresnel mirror?
6:39 the following part almost fits to the rhythm!
Amazing technology. I can only try to imagine what we could make with that. Like tiny versions of bigger instruments, without much more engineering but magnitudes of order more precise.
You can braise diamond?!
Yep! Needs a special solder (forget exactly, think it's high in silver?) and brazed in vacuum or under inert gas.
How long and at what temperature? Every time I've tried they still come out rock hard, maybe I'm not using enough red wine or something?
Silver braze, problem is oxidation of diamond. It burnes, slow but does.
Inert gas shilding or polishing after.
It looks like milky glass after oxidation
@@JamesChurchill3 Do you get any issues with your teeth? My enamel is basically gone. Maybe I just have soft teeth?
@@JamesChurchill3 i think I'll stick with my charcoal grill. Something about it just seems right.
Dude! Those SEM pics. Wow.
Great work with the toolpathing
I remember an awesome video showing scribing done on DIY CNC mill, including fine control of the spindle for direction changes. Had a hunt but couldn't find it.
It occurs to me that an obvious option for improving the finish of your mirrors is to create a lapping tool with the same technique. Those little scratches and waves would polish right out in a few minutes and I'm sure you could get a near perfect mirror finish if you're careful.
I always love watching your videos twice, once on Nebula, then again here so that you can get more engagement.
Super cool video!
It was a good point avoiding the z axis to move. If the servomotors of you machine axis have mecanical brake, maybe there is an Mxx code in the gcode of your machine to lock the axis with the brake. At this level of precision maybe the loop control of the servos might be noticeable.
Dawg..... Ive only seen like 3 of your videos so far, but the quality is just insane. This is becoming one of my favorite channels
I liked the video, the explanations are spot on!
From my brother.....
That is quite interesting and very cool. There is one more thing that might have caused his wavy appearance - stiction (caused by the co-efficient of friction being higher when stationary than moving). I remember from reading an Amateur Scientist in a Scientific American way back that there are materials that have, in effect, negative stiction (where the coefficient of friction is less when stationary than when moving). The guy in the AS article used that type of material in effect as the “ways” on his scriber for scribing a diffraction grating.
Brother, the fact that you are using a stone tool to make a crazy precise scientific thing is humbling and beautiful.
This is so cool, I love seeing all the amazing tools you have and how sci-fi they all look.
I cannot get over those perfect chips starting at 17:00. Great work!!!
Very cool video! I was initially interested in your channel from your early machining videos and this was super cool to see it tie into that stuff.
Watching you do stuff that I'd never consider in my wildest dreams to be DIY possible gives me similar feelings to watching Mythbusters back in the day. I'm just amazed.
Those little copper chips were cool, thanks for taking the time to share that. Charles
we all know that the acronym of MOT belongs to the Microwave Oven Transformer because it is more common and has actual use cases
the coolest part of these IMO is how strong the binding is between the carbon lattice and the metal that holds the cutting bit.. Basically the carbon lattice is formed electrochemically and this essentially works as the strongest glue ever
Simply incredible.. Your content continues to astound me on every new video you release. [Chef's kiss]!
Everything in this video is peak awesome!
Damn I'm amazed with all the equipment you have
I love that the internet has enabled us to do things like crowd-source the funding for a postdoc in materials science and metrology.
This video rocks love your voice over and you sharing this for free is gold you get a 10/10
My jaw was on the floor with your opening shot. Fascinating stuff to someone whose run-of-the-mill surface finish is a 4" angle grinder or maybe the da sander if I'm feeling particularly fussy. Appreciate your output fella, keep it up! ✌ 🇦🇺
Great video. I was going to mention the lifting and lowering of the tool, but you addressed that soon after. Lovely.
On another note, when you include corrections, it would be nice if you left them on screen for a little longer. When you don't know that text is going to appear in a specific place, a second isn't enough time to detect the change and move your eyes to read the text.
Excellent as usual - many thanks for sharing your work - inspiring!
A real pleasure to watch! Thanks a lot for sharing such a great content. Please keep up the good work!
Sunshine is delicious, rain is refreshing, wind braces us up, snow is exhilarating; there is really no such thing as bad weather, only different kinds of good weather.
keep doing what you're doing, its super appreciated, shine on you crazy monocrystalline diamond!
Two experiments you could try. One is Areogel gravity experiment the other is converting the mirror from copper to graphene, like diamond mirror does not burn.
One concept is that gravity is entanglement, as large items slowly share their entanglement they pull the fabric of space time, and compound entanglements so they do not appear to be so. So, if you surround a small speck of aerogel with entangled light it floods the speck with tertiary entanglements lowering its connection to the overall fabric of space time. In other words, making the aerogel speck just slightly lighter in weight.
Diamond mirrors are common now combining laser beams using the mirrors in an oxygen free vacuum that prevents it from burning. If you convert the copper surface to graphene and separate it you should get a supper light weight version of a diamond mirror put in nitrogen or vacuum environment for laser optics, your death ray, or laser cutter.
Since softer copper worked better, would heating up the copper help make it softer at all? Like blasting heated isopropyl and air at it
Since the annealing process for copper involves heating it until it glows incandescently, that would suggest that you'd need temperatures far above the autoignition temperature of isopropanol to cause any meaningful softening. And while turning your mist cooler into a flamethrower _does_ sound entertaining, surely it would be easier to anneal the copper prior to any machining steps.
Copper likes a positive rake for cutting, with you using a flat tool with full width contact when shaping, keep the tool length as short as possible. In you milling operation to stop the milling marks you could try putting a wiper flat at the bottom of the tool. So instead of the clearance going for the cutting edge to to the centre create a small flat thats parallel to the cut surface the will wipe the peaks off. The flat of .15 - .2 mm if you can produce this on your lapping machine. Regarding the movement in the 'Z' axis just set the depth and plot a path around the component.
Loved seeing that fireball tool vid, love his channel!
the high speed video looks amazing! need to send those to manufacturing and material lecturers for licensing. It's too good to not be used in class around the world.
this is so fucking good and packed with information. but i never got bored. you jsut added weirder and weirder tools.
"ill just pop it into my electron microscope. i never leave home without one."
-Oh whats that? in my other back pocket?
- "oh thats just my atomic force microscope, had it since i was 12"
It's so amazing to see at the microscopic level in HD. Crazy :)
Awesome and so fascinating
Old timer engineer here and this an eye opener for me 😳
Wow just wow subbed
You learn something new every day 👍
This is impressive. Even more being it's your own setup. Diamond turning is a really interesting method of creating optical surfaces, and I'm very interested how your v1 trap worked out!
I swear that I learn something new with every video of yours I watch.
17:17 absolutely magnificient brother
You make a lot of neat videos, but I think this might just be my favorite one yet - hitting that precision machine design part of my brain just right!
Having heard you talk about the temper of the copper stock it occurred to me that it would be easy enough to anneal the copper stock by simply heating it with a torch until it's red hot and letting it cool back to room temperature on it's own. This insures consistently soft material to work with.
Your videos are always so beautiful. I can’t thank you enough for putting in the effort you do.
That spiral chip is so satisfying to watch, and darn is that surface finish good. I'd have thought you would have run into the limits of the machine with a finish somewhere near the first sample you showed, those early samples for a normal mill where already really quite good. So I'm really impressed how much further you could get it with some thoughtful iterations on the techniques - I don't think I'd have even thought to try and push that machine that far (though my experience may be marred by the comparative low quality of my mill). Still with the goal of a mirror in mind I think I'd have have been using the CNC to rough cut the blanks and create a bespoke shaper to do the final finish with...