I see your point but hydroelectric and pneumatic both require a pump that is either electric or ICE powered. Technically you can have a cold combustion with enough pressure. I would say that an engine requires phase change of the fuel, motors do not require phase change.
Why wouldnt motor just be a type of engine? These concepts neednt be fighting exclusively. They could just be in a hierarchy. Motors are a subset of engines, because engines are devices that convert one energy to another energy. Motors convert electrical to rotational kenetic.
Definition of a motor (from www.lexico.com/en/definition/motor): A machine, especially one powered by electricity or internal combustion, that supplies motive power for a vehicle or for another device with moving parts.
9:22 - You should amend that with: "in the U.S.", as in "niche product in the U.S." In the majority of Europe, it's automatic transmission cars that are niche.
@@INSIGHTCO well, aunt Wiki puts the number of manual cars being sold in Europe at ~75% of total sales - but the data is a little dated (2008), and it IS Wikipedia. A cursory glance after googling the ratio of manual to automatic in Europe gives some articles that put the number as high as 80% (but I believe that's 'being currently driven' and not just sold). Mostly though? Personal experience. What with my living in central Europe, and having visited (or at the very least travelled through) most of the countries east of France in the last decade or so.
@@rodrijopo actually, that's because those are the places the people speaking have experience with. Which in fact, was my whole point. Joe made a general statement based on his knowledge of the situation in the US, which I know isn't the same as the one in Europe, and thus the statement should have been more specific. If you have something relevant to add, concerning the ratio of manual to automatic transmission cars in other places, feel free.
I had to search to find a new car with manual transmission when I bought a new car 3+yrs ago now, out of 100s of new cars on their lot I got the only one with a manual transmission. I bought in Sept, it'd been listed on their website for 6+ months (only manual), $3k discount because they were trying to get rid of current year inventory to bring in next year's models. I dunno why, I personally prefer a manual transmission - only problem I've ever had one is replacing the clutch plate after maybe 150k miles. I've seen people with automatics (like recent Ford Focus years, several years of Taurus a while back, etc) have no end to transmission troubles. The only automatics I've driven in ages have been a few rentals on trips, and I've only owned manuals.
S. Truth Pshaw is the standard English spelling. I’ve never seen it spelt with an e. But i’m glad somebody else enjoys dated 19th century expressions :) www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pshaw
"just change the frequency to change the speed" is a bit of a gloss-over that could've used a tangent cam. making a variable frequency oscillator that can kick out motor levels of amps is a marvel of engineering that deserves as much attention as the motors, in my opinion
famitory I designed a BEV race car back in 2013 (building the second generation prototype now) and the motor controllers are by far the biggest problem we have with the cars... motors, batteries, chargers, all that is easy in comparison. It was a software glitch in one of the motor controllers that cost us our win at Pikes Peak two years ago. So yeah, the controllers are really the most critical piece of an EV. ( evsr.net for more on the car I designed)
I am a gearhead: I have always loved cars and working on them. Some of my fondest memories are rebuilding a classic GTO with my grandad. I take great pride in being able to repair these incredibly-engineered products. I am by no means unique here. But it is time - well-past time - to retire those skills and attitude. EV is the future.
I love your channel, but I have to pick one nit... The reason internal combustion engines are so inefficient, is not because they have to push all those pistons, con-rods, and crankshaft around. They have an absolute theoretical efficiency limit defined by the Carnot cycle. Relative to that maximum theoretical efficiency, they're actually reasonably good (when operating at the most efficient RPM and load). But they do still have a crappy theoretical max efficiency, so they still kinda suck.
Don't waste your time, this is about monetizing idiotic EV fanboys.
5 лет назад
Do you pick nits off of yourself too? Do you pick one then two and so on? Do you count your nits? Perhaps you should stop picking them and treat them with some nit wit! NITWIT!
I drove manual trans for many years,then I got tired of shifting,then I got tired of pushing the gas pedal,now I'm getting tired of holding the steering wheel,but I still want the drivers seat,to be "in control".
I did a contract with an EV drivetrain manufacturer, Magtec, in the UK. They made drivetrains for big 26T refuse vehicles and small goods vehicles. We had to software restrict reverse because yes, it would do 70mph in reverse. We also had to "fake" a ICE style power curve to the pedal as the refuse lorry drivers could not get used to the power from a standing start and would crash the vehicles! 😂
@@newtz. I know a lot of people who've never driven a manual transmission. Most cars in the USA come with automatic standard, with mostly only very cheap, or very sporty, cars having a manual. Sad, perhaps, but it's the way things have been shifting for a while.
@@newtz. ... certainly not the norm in NZ... most learn to drive in an AT and never learn how to use a clutch... bunny-hopping isn't so cool when you're trying to steal a car :D
Clarification: The motor @ 3:49 is an AC Motor but not an AC Induction Motor. An AC Induction Motor does not have permanent magnets for it, the field on the rotor is "induced" by the electromagnets in the stator.
@@fryncyaryorvjink2140 Most motor types use a combination of permanent and electro magnets. The AC induction motor is the only exception I can think of. That said, it is a VERY popular motor. Most of the AC motor in your home are AC induction motors. The stator (outside) is a bunch of windings that produce a rotating magnetic field. The rotor (inside) is made out of spiral conductive loops of metal which have current induced in them by the field created by the stator windings. This current causes the rotor loops to act like magnets which are pulled along by the rotating magnet field.. This simple design that uses inexpensive parts make these motors so popular. The one disadvantage is they are usually bigger and heavier than other motor types.
Glad to see you getting this basic on electric motors, seriously, most people have no idea how they work. Again, SERIOUSLY! I think it helps a lot of people understand why EVs are better, if for no other reason than just how “basic” they truly are.
I have been watching some of your old videos...how to make an “Old Fashioned” from 2015, (hilarious) and how to break the power of negative thinking from 2013, which was very honest and thought provoking. You are easily the best channel on RUclips. Thank you and best wishes for the future.
My gf has an i3 and it has a little 2 cyl motor in the back that is meant to turn on and give you an extra 20 miles or so by charging the batteries while you drive. A huge bonus for EV is that a lot of garages in big cities are offering charging, preferred parking or reduced parking fees. Because of the i3 she saves like $160 a month in parking in downtown. Larger metropolitan areas are starting to cater to the EV.
talking about EVs, could you make a video about the production of lithium-Ion batteries? Starting from the mining of lithium all the way through the production :D
While you're at it, I heard on NPR a few years back that someone was developing a kind of plastic/polymer battery that was super light, held like hundreds of times more energy than lithium, and very safe. So safe they said it could be broken up into little pieces and each piece could still be tapped for electricity. I figured Musk would've gobbled that tech up and that would be the end of our battery problems but I haven't heard anything since.
@@jeffmathers355 I think we are all hoping for better battery technology. There is a lot of promising research being done but taking it from the laboratory and scaling it to production at a reasonable cost is usually the issue. Until then it doesn't do much for us consumers.
Fun fact, in geman there is no differece between engine and motor. There is only motor. And i hope the EV´s got a little bit cheaper. Unfortunatly i cant afford an EV by now, but i will get one as soon I have the money.
The price does need to come down a bit more (and will!) but you may be surprised at it now. When you're pricing it out, include how much you spend on gas currently (and of course how much it would cost to charge). Even the most expensive charging methods are about 25% the cost of gas.
permanent magnet motors are almost always also synchronous motors. so naming both as different types was a little misleading. there are just two general categories: synchronous vs asynchronous and AC vs DC. Technically those make the axis of a matrix. within these categories there are several technical solutions
I'm a die hard car enthusiast and I appreciate your respect for the ICE. I daily drive a 6 speed Mustang GT with Flowmasters because of the way it makes me feel. An EV will never be able to replace the satisfaction I get from executing a perfectly rev-matched downshift and I prefer supercharger whine over electric motor whine but I accept that EV's are the way of the future. I foresee ICE cars becoming very niche one day, with manufacturers continuously tinkering with the technology for the small market of people like me. You already see it at companies like Koenigsegg and even Aston Martin with their Valkyrie. They, along with Cosworth developed a giant V12 engine that screams to 11k rpm and produces nearly 1,100hp, all while passing emissions standards which many thought impossible - and it will have KERS on top of that. I'm still excited about the future of ICE.
I completely agree. I don't have an electric car (yet) but I just bought an battery powered electric lawnmower and it's better than ANY gas powered one I've ever had.
Just put a seat on it, some front and rear lighting, a license plate, and you have an shoddy electric car. Lol. (I'm not making fun of EVs, I love them)
@@hunkyhenry6092 I think you failed to comprehend the point of this video. Electric engines are superior to ICE engines. Superior for power, superior for maintenance, superior for longevity, superior for efficiency. It's like saying to someone who is amazed by the power of a Tesla that they must have only driven cheap shitty ICE cars. No - a Tesla is plain faster than most ICE cars, expensive or not.
I didn't expect a somewhat personal thank you. You're welcome from my family. My grandfather was a mechanic, my father was an auto parts manager, and I was a mechanic and an auto parts sales and service specialist.
@@krzysztofbroda5376 My comment was in jest. But if you want to take it seriously here we go. I think you misunderstand what he said. His character Combusty McGee is meant to represent all of the people who have worked in the automotive field. Many of the pioneers of the automotive industry were/are not formally trained as engineers. For example Henry Ford. It does not take a genius to be an engineer and because one is an engineer does not make them a genius.
As a mechanic who sees the disadvantages of ICE on a daily basis, I am all for EVs. What troubles me the most is when people are turned away from EVs and hybrids out of fear that the battery packs will fail and cost a fortune to replace. Thanks Joe for another informative video!!👍 I am forever subscribed. 😁
Loved it Joe. Test drove a Tesla model 3 today in London and it is brilliant. Loved it. Everyone in the UK, book a test drive even if just to try it and you can tell others.
Actually scrap that, its a crazy comparison as this is just what a car of this quality costs. I can't afford it either but it doesn't change the fact it is an amazing car for the money, regardless of my own personal financial situation.
True, there were some issues in the video that werent quite right. For example the argument of all ices stemming from one specific model and the "fact" that ices should die. The need for electricity specifically calls for heat engines like ices.
In Europe is not only manual transmissions the norm and not a niche, but also the most common meaning of ICE is inter-city express. A train, which is a niche in the USA...
I live in the middle of the United States, and we have a very sad transit system. Part of it is habit, but it's also because everything is very spread out here. Large cities like New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, etc. have trains, buses, and so on, but we only have buses where I live, and not many.
I award you sir an honorary Brit! 🇬🇧 We all drive manual and always have! Also, I am an electronics Engineer, and your explanations we absolutely perfect. Wish I'd had them when I was studying!! Love your stuff, thank you!!! 😁👍
Alright, so one thing you kind of glossed over is that the energy density of gasoline is WAY higher than for batteries. This is an important technical reason that ICE vehicles still have value over EVs. I agree that for ground transportation, EVs are the future, but ICEs are not going away anytime soon nor should they for applications like aerospace, where energy density is CRITICAL to the commercial viability of the technology.
Brain Mind you know there are already LSA battery electric airplanes? You can even buy one, the Pipestrel Alpha Electro. As the technology progresses, and the cost of avgas and jet-a continues to climb, I think there will be more and more electric airplanes in the air as well as vehicles on the ground.
Brain Mind in 1924 my dad drove across Pennsylvania in an automobile (not a big deal in and of itself) what he bragged about was that the car only had two flat tires for the entire trip and many of his friends thought he was lying, that he must have had more flats than that. Today we can drive 100 times further on one set of tires and reasonably expect no flats what so ever. When the Wright Flyer made its debut at Kitty Hawk its best flight was less than 1000 feet and no one foresaw transoceanic jet travel. Plenty of examples of transportation technology changing rapidly, no reason to think electric propulsion is any exception. For example, you cite low energy density as an impossible hurdle, yet researchers at Harvard have developed an organic flow cell battery that could potentially approach the energy density of hydrocarbon chemical bonds. Who knows what innovations may come in the future.
@@jpe1 "For example, you cite low energy density as an impossible hurdle, yet researchers at Harvard have developed an organic flow cell battery that could potentially approach the energy density of hydrocarbon chemical bonds" Source please? "Approach" is not a satisfactory quantity in my book. Nuclear power would also probably be a satisfactory source of power but is doubtful to find use in air transportation. In addition to energy density, the problem with batteries is their weight. The calculus does get complicated when you're talking about the difference in efficiency between electric motors and ice engines. I would be very interested to see if those organic flow batteries you speak of are knocking on the door of fossil fuels. That would indeed make things interesting for aviation use cases.
@@davecasey4341 -- And even there that would hardly account for all electric motors. There are spindle motors in some CNC machines with speeds over 50K rpm.
You said 1800 rpm in the video, that's really slow for a motor. Even standard industrial motors will often turn at 7200 RPM. You meant 18k RPM for a Tesla motor.
In my many years of industrial plant design experience, most industrial motors are rated at 1800 rpm, synchronous speed or actually a little slower than 1800 due to 'slip'. Some motors, typically used for pumps are rated 3600 rpm. Slower rotating motors have more poles and have a greater torque rating for a given horsepower. I have used large servo motors rated at 5400 rpm, but those applications are rare. So, 1800 rpm is the standard for industrial applications.
@@frankd8957 you're right, a 7200 rpm motor using 60 hz feed is possible, but very exotic. But the point is that 3600 is easy and 1800 is standard. These are low performance AC motors that have been around for fifty years. There are plenty of high speed motors running at 20k+ rpm for different industrial applications. They run on VFD's (AC inverters) and aren't constrained to 60 Hz. These aren't usually very large motors, think servo motor to move a table or run a mill head. (Still could be several horsepower) I found a reference that Elon stated that they turn at 18k. This makes sense because they need to turn very fast to allow you to go at top speed while still having good torque at 0 rpm. (They have a fixed gear reduction).
@@Heisenberg2A most EV's don't use VFD's because of their inefficiency, they are almost always current-controlled, and most have max RPM's ranging from about 6,000 to 18,000 and everywhere in between. 1800 RPM motors are basically non-existent in the EV world, and even 3600 to 4000 RPM motors are relegated to heavy duty vehicles like trucks and buses (and have a large diameter and high torque).
@@GregHassler A VFD (variable frequency drive) is what allows motors in industrial applications to spin at some speed that's not a multiple of the supply line frequency (for syncronous motors). Tesla's and other EV makers use AC inverters (make AC from DC batteries). They change the speed of the motor by varying the output frequency. Otherwise they could only run at one speed. (They all use three phase syncronous motors) Or maybe more accurately said, they increase the AC voltage to the motor, it accelerates and they need to increase the frequency of the feed to keep up (syncronized).
I think a lot of the people who like manual transmissions will also like EVs. They like the feeling of being directly in control of what the car is doing. With ICE cars in general this is impossible, because there is always half a second of lag between the command and the car's response, but at least with a manual you can control the shifts. I think of stepping on the throttle like giving the car a command to accelerate. With an EV, it responds instantly, and continues accelerating for however long you keep giving it that command. With a ICE car with auto, it stops accelerating to shift, all while you were still inputting the "accelerate" command. I find that infuriating.
Yea my last car was a manual, I like it, but on days when my knees or ankles hurt I wished I had an auto. Well now I do, and its so slow, you put your foot down and yell "change gear already!" Thats the second reason to go electric, the first is all the problems and maintenance gas engines have
That's not quite true. In an electric car your throttle is a suggestion not an actual command. You tell the computer to tell the motor to accelerate and how much you want it to accelerate by. The computer reads this input and looks at the current parameters and decides if it's within acceptable parameters and sends the command to the motor. If for any reason (you have traction control on, the battery charge is low, the battery is over heating or some other in a long list) the controller gets a signal that it should not, then the controller will accelerate at a slower rate or not at all.
Pogo Obviously...🙄 which is true of every car. It’s not like you’re physically telling the engine to increase fuel flow, unless you have an antique. But barring a very rare situation, my original statement is true.
Hey Joe, nice vid, good information. Just a small error in the animation at 2:22, if you actually ran the same wire back the opposite direction as shown (as opposed to looping around which is how it's actually done) then your magnetic fields would cancel out (right hand rule), and your motor wouldn't work.
If 'Transport Evolved' and 'Answers with Joe' had a baby, my actual risk of dying from the results of binge watching could become grounds for a civil lawsuit! Thanks again💕
Years of studying electrical engineering spent will now culminate in me going AAACCHKSSHUAALLY: An induction motor does not contain permanent magnets on its rotor, only coils. The opposing magnetic field in the rotor is entirly induced by the changing field of the stator, hence the name. This stuff gets complicated though, so, don't worry about it
Changing m field creates electricity which creates a m field and so on and on. The first time my teacher explained induction motors to me I was astonished
Joe that was brilliant! Very educational. One correction, one does press the brakes in an electric car as normal, what you meant was that the brake calipers don’t grab the rotor ......”until the last 5 mph or an emergency stop”...
Wow. Awesome video! Love the explanation of the e-motor and the associated graphics. Very understandable by anyone. Bravo! FWIW to add to the EV discussions, I bought a Honda Clarity (ph)EV and love it. Its my daily driver. 17kWh battery, good for about 50 miles of range. And - it has an ICE under the hood too in case I need to go on long trips, and so I never have "range anxiety". But for everyday driving, I just charge overnight in the garage and drive it purely on electricity on my daily commute. The best of both worlds until the charging infrastructure is sufficiently built out :-)
Well, actually, EVs are from yesterday, in terms of age ;D. However, as long as there is a need for electricity, there is a need for all kinds of ice or other kinds of combustion engine or heat engine. I would argue, that this argument in the video was the only wrong one, elecricity simply isn't optained that easy, heat for engines is.
See this thing with the manual transmission is so interesting! I live in Germany. THE Car country. But I can say with confident that by far the most cars a manuals. I don't know why. In America it is (obviously) different if you say this is a niche thing...
Philipp Sesar, this is true of everywhere in Europe. Automatic transmissions are mostly a North American thing. Having said that, I don't understand why people in Europe, where I live, stubbornly want to keep them. I know there was a time and they were less efficient because of the torque converter (fluid clutch), but that isn't really a thing anymore. And I do understand the fun part of manual shifting. However, for most driving autos are much more convenient.
Philipp Sesar if you drive in the autobahn with certain parts having no speed limits, is rational hence, to have a manual transmission. Conversely, in the States when the speed limit in highways rarely is over 70mph (or about 120km/h) there’s no need for frequent downshifts. It’s a cruising style of driving (albeit immensely boring) vs active driving. I am not American but I have driven for years in the States and several times in German roads and highways.
@@C_R_O_M________ I see yeah but most of the people even in Germany a also cursing along... 130 km/h is the so called Richtgeschwindigkeit. That means 'you can drive as fast as you want BUT I'd be nice if you wouldn't and just drive 130' And a fair amount of people do that. I get that when you want to drive a sports car you wanna have a manual but for the most part that's unnecessary.
If I had to guess I would say it's because back in the day an automatic transmission was a bit of a luxury item. You didn't have to worry yourself with moving a stick with an extra peddle like some low class pleb...lol. And well...everyone wants to live like rich people, so everyone started wanting automatic transmissions...even in muscle cars. I'd say here driving stick is becoming a lost art...but it's becoming a lost art all over I imagine. What I think is interesting is there is becoming a bit of a hybrid between the two. The PDK is like a manual that can pass itself off as an automatic, while my daily driver auto transmission can has the option of a sequential shifter (granted not a great one lol).
I must say this, I have grown up working on combustion engines with my dad and all my uncles. I love classic muscle cars, in my opinion you just can't beat the feeling of firing up that big V8 with a nice healthy sounding exhaust. That being said, I work for an auto glass company and I work on ADDAS systems. After the windshield has been replaced I have to recalibrate the cameras and radar systems. And this allows me to drive a wide variety of vehicles, and I must say a lot of these hybrid and electric cars have grown on me in fact I'm thinking about getting one. I'll still have my grumbly V8 but maybe just take it out on the weekends and for leisurely drives.
Hey Joe - love your videos. Keep up the great work. Must take issue with one thing: any ICE/EV operational cost comparison that does not factor in a ‘carbon cost’ or pollution cost to the ICE is totally skewed. ICE transportation is and has been dirt cheap because the true costs of using this form of transportation isn’t being paid for by the users. Companies that pollute should have to pay for the clean up. An appropriate carbon tax on gas would probably bring ICE transportation to a quick end. And I think it’s time.
Nice job, Joe. Shout out from East TX. Totally agree that ICE's are amazing and electric motors are amazing-er. I think it's interesting to remember that In Jules Verne's 20,000 Leagues under the Sea, the futuristic Nautilus was powered by that amazing power source of the future: ELECTRICITY. Maybe we're finally catching up with Mr. Verne. I own two Toyota's and their gas engines just keep on going with minimal up-keep. Although they probably won't reach a million miles, my truck is at 250k and if I live long enough, it should reach a few hundred thousand more. So, I don't have an electric car, but I do own an electric bike and love it. Thanks again.
Ever since subs advanced beyond hand cranking for submerged propulsion, subs have been battery propelled when under the surface. Though some WW2 subs used snorkles when recharging near the surface. And of course nuke subs run on electricity at all times. So electrical subs are a long standing reality.
I work as an electrician and often, I repair or upgrade old electrical motors in factories. You add capacitors, smoothen the phases and you reach ridiculously high efficiency. No wonder these been used since as early as theyve been invented and even before the electric car I always wondered just when it would replace combustion based motors/engine. I remember one of my teacher mentioning a ceramic engine (searched it a bit but little success) that went as high as 98-99% efficiency, almost no loss due to heat. If true thats quite something.
Joe I always enjoy your great content! Just a small tidbit: the first working electric motor (we know of) is from around 1827 invented by Ányos Jedlik (Hungarian/Slovakian origin). He also created the first electric model car and the first dynamo.
I hoped we would get an explanation on reluctance, synchronous and asynchronous motors, at least (since you/Nikki mentioned them)... But I get that not everybody is an engineer, baby steps is better than no steps
no one needs to know any of that is the truth as no one knows how an Ice works the reality .... step on the gas is all the 99% know and why we have Trump for president - by the way Nikki thinks the coming F150 Ford EV ( coming in 3 years ) is going to change the world for instance - LoL and WtF - that is how clueless the masses and even Nikki is . the real point of the creation of the Tesla was to mitigate CO2 in a pretty package- step on the gas !
He did a video on this. While it could be cleaner because of usage for retired batteries, etc. he also says that it could be disastrous because of so many battery manufacturers going online. Which will make it cheaper just to make new batteries and toss the old. Like most things in life, moderation seems to be key.
@@LetsWatchBob You are right, the point is to prime the usage of other energy systems so that we can avoid using carbon-oxygen separation as our battery. Temporarily burning gigantic amounts of carbon with older tech to get there isn't a big deal.
When I was in college studying mech. eng. I was taught that the difference between a motor and an engine was that a motor produces a singular point of energy production (mechanical rotation) where an engine will produce multiple such as mechanical rotation, electrical supply, pumping water, air pressure and or a vacuum.
I totally agree that electric motors are better that internal combustion engines. That isn't what is keeping ICE cars around. It is the way it is powered that does that. 1. Gasoline or diesel is available almost anywhere. Electricity recharging stations are not. 2. It only takes a few minutes to refuel an ICE vehicle. It takes much longer to recharge an electric vehicle. 3. Gasoline or diesel storage is just a light weight tank. Electric storage involves heavy and expensive batteries. 4. Generally speaking, gas or diesel tanks don't wear out. Electric batteries wear out in a few years. 5. When they wear out, tanks are inexpensive to replace. Electric batteries are expensive. 6. Tanks are easy to dispose of and have a minimal ecological impact. Not so with batteries. Objections one and two are being worked on and are getting better. If we can find an inexpensive replacement for batteries, capacitor technology comes to mind, that should fix objection two. I don't know if objections three through six (which really should be combines into one objection) are ever going to be solved, but they can hopefully be improved. Graphene looks very promising.
Most of the conversation I have is that it’s still better to see out the life of your ice car before buying an electric one. Which is the most energy efficient way of switching.
@@jameshumphrey9939 I've been looking for a better way to travel. But even with trading in my old car at highest value would only make the electric car i was looking at pay for itself in 20 yrs. It's not quite worth it yet for efficient vehicles where gas is cheap and electricity isn't. That said, I would like to jump in a zero emissions vehicle sooner than later but I find it's rather difficult to bike to work anywhere in Texas really lol
James Humphrey I wouldn’t know mate is that an issue in the US with GM and Ford, I’m simply talking pub talk on energy cost transfer from an existing car replacement to a new car ev or ice.
I still remember the Soviet/post Soviet Škoda trolleybuses in Riga. The new ones have better control over the throttle, but with the old ones you could have a bendy bus fly away and push you into the seat as a sprts car.
Great video Joe! You explain things in ways that it just clicks instantly! This one feels a lot better than the doom and gloom we’re all gonna die on Mars video. 😊
Almost all diesel locomotives nowadays are “hybrids”. They’re actually called diesel-electric and are inconceivably more efficient and cost-effective than the diesel-mechanical configuration. That’s the reason the latter never took off.
The reason is that traction can be spread out over several carriages, each with their own electric powered bogie. An thes motors are also used for braking on long descents as they won't overheat as mechanical brakes, the power just go to a cabinet with dump resistors and is not stored, but these two reasons were the main reason for diesel electric locomotives.
Diesel-electric is just a fancy way of saying that modern locomotives are just diesel generators on wheels. It's kinda why every diesel electric locomotive can be converted to run off of overhead power delivery(ie electric railways). You just don't turn the diesel generator on and get your power from the grid.
I'm loving my cvt with paddle shifters. More efficient than manual or automatic, plus I can downshift for compression braking as needed, sparing the brakes.
Induction simply refers to the process of inducing a magnetic field in a coil via electricity. We use the term "inductor" to describe a device that generates a magnetic field via electricity. Inductors are a direct complement to capacitors, and the two are often used together.
3:50 What is pictured is not an induction motor. You didn't introduce the concept of induction, a concept I happen to be particularly fond of. With a permanent magnet in the rotor it would also be a synchronous motor. Great job otherwise!
I agree, induction motors are probably the most used and most useful electric machines in the industry. I mean, even the difference between an induction motor and a generator is only the rpm.
Yeh, well I'm not an electric engineer, I do CCE, I think they're noisy, the spark on the rotor leads ark and cause EMI that can be heard over everything with a pickup. Plus the spring contacts wear off and leave dust on the shat. That is why magnetic rotors would be preferred. Or in the case that the outer casing is the rotor, to contain the magnetic shells in it. While the stator would be the one holding the switching coils. Not sure how efficient that is compared to the former one. However coils are bulky, I prefer the magnetic rotor.
@xDR1TeK it sounds like you're describing a brushless DC motor. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor (I know you know this. The link isn't really aimed at you.)
There are two main ways of having windings on the rotor. One is brushed windings, fed via brushes and a commutator or slip rings. I'm only really familiar with the commutated motor types, which are the brushed DC and universal motors. The other is the squirrel cage rotor, which consists of two conductive rings joined by a bunch of bars, in essence creating a series of loops for electric current. When the rotating magnetic field passes over the squirrel cage, an electric current is induced which in turn generates another magnetic field. This field tries to keep up with the rotating field, but if it manages to do this the induction will cease, so it will always slip behind. This is the asynchronous induction motor. The squirrel cage rotor is also used in the shaded pole motor, a weak but very cheap single phase AC motor. A synchronous motor has permanent magnets in the rotor, meaning no slip is required for it to turn. It turns with the same speed as the magnetic field.
@@xDR1TeK Coils don't have to be bulky, induction motors for example onlx use coils (the rotor is basically a single loop coil). Efficiency wise, dc motors aren't used anymore in big industrial applications, because the induction motor is simply cheaper more reliable and in many cases more efficient. What we today call a brushless dc motor is not actually a dc motor but a small synchronus 3 phase ac motor.
Good video on topic. ICE and motors are apples and oranges. When lead acid batteries were king, electric cars were a niche market in early auto days due to clean, quiet, and slow. Mostly rich old ladies liked them. Now, rich young guys like them due to lithium batteries and the niche market of rich hot rodders. Kinda the opposites except for the rich part. ICE's are prime movers that convert chemically stored energy into mechanical motion either directly or through motor-generator pairs. Electric motors are not prime movers. They are mechanical output devices for electrical energy. Human beings are prime movers who also burn stored chemical energy and output mechanical work. People and animals have much more in common with ICE since both breath air and exhaust carbon dioxide while eating carbon based fuels. Electric motors are components of robotic systems, a natural succession for cars and trucks, particularly self driven types. In the future, rich kids will drive or be driven in autonomous $100K vehicles that working people will never be able to afford. Working people will only be able to hitch hike or drive used ICE cars until the spoiled rich kids make ICE cars illegal, and then working people will make sport of killing those autonomous cars with autonomous defeating devices. Just kidding. I see a cultural divide between rich and poor as well as city versus country looming in the future. Electric and autonomous are suitable for wealthy city dwellers, while not for country people at all. Lawyers will love all the income from law suits involving autonomy. We are currently in a recession, which will slow down the economic progress of people and probably bankrupt TESLA and many others using creative financing. I would be careful with money today and NOT purchase expensive vehicles.
Gene Townsend I thought Batteries were “chemically stored energy.” Which is why some old lead acid EVs had issues at high speed/drain, the chemical reaction could not keep up with the current drain.
Also, it seems to me that self driving cars will be coming down in price in the future. (Oh wait! They already are!) Not sure I would call them a “rich person’s” toy. Folks that are disabled and can’t drive probably need these kinds of things to continue remaining independent.
Joe's video was on motors only rather than batteries and motor systems. Batteries are not naturally produced chemically stored energy like coal, oil, cellulose, etc., but highly manufactured from refined materials that store and deliver electrical energy directly. ICE's use hydrogen and carbon compounds much like animals to eat and breath animation from living or once living materials. Batteries use totally dead materials. I believe lead-acid batteries have limited current primarily due to the resistance of the grid materials
After autonomous cars are allowed on the streets in some states, and the death and injury statistics become statistically valid, the insurance companies will drive the insurance costs through the roof. The problems are not technical, they are social. The death and injury liabilities against manufacturers and suppliers will also greatly increase the prices. Social uncertainties are always expensive. In the future, working people will need to stay home and work online while the robots and androids battle each other to the death driving on the roads and highways. Humans will lead virtual lives, while robots will be relegated to mere reality.
Engine = Creates energy internally from an external fuel source (hydrocarbons, wood) Motor = Is provided energy (electric/pneumatic/hydraulic) directly from external source
@bill Thermodynamic Law: energy cannot be created or destroyed. "Engine = Creates energy internally" I think you mean converts energy, but so does a motor.
Would it be a steam motor if you could have a vehicle with a tank filled with high pressure steam produced elsewhere? I ask as I am not a native english speaker, in my language everything is just motor, being steam, gasoline, electric, stepper or jet! I don't even understand why a differentiation between the two should be needed!
@@nunya___ pedantic reply but none the less true. An engine converts fuel into high pressure (explosive/steam) which in turn creates motion. A motor takes energy directly to create motion without any matter conversion required. Is that better?
@@karellen00 Simply put, Yes it would be a type of pneumatic motor run on high pressure. In this case the high pressure is steam and not just compressed gas. BTW, the differentiation is required because the English language is a mongrel language made of stolen words from many other languages. So we take the root word for engine from one and the root word for motor from another and just use both. Were we to speak a "pure language" (my words) like Italian or Spanish where the language develops from a single root source (Latin) the need for such words is not required. As an example in English we call the animal a cow (from Old English) and its' meat beef (from French beouf). The same goes for pig and pork. Yet most languages around the world do not make this type of distinction.
A tesla still has a ton of moving parts and will probably have to get serviced just as much if not more than gasoline cars in the long haul. Alternators on cars only last 100,000 miles or so on average, so if these electric motors are like alternators, they will have to get fixed all the time, the tesla still has ball joints, brakes, shocks, steering comments, control arms, and tons of other stuff that need to get serviced, saying that Tesla’s wont have to get maintained is kind of an ignorant thing to say.
One of the most important factors for engineering is, that the electric motor vibrates less. There is a ton of work going into ice cars, and engines, just to get rid of the vibrations it creates.
they use motors not because of torque... but because its easier to control electricity than it is to deal with gears and clutches in such a heavy application
Actually a steam locomotive (piston powered w/gear-drive) will easily out pull (and win a race) over diesel-electric. Look it up... down-side>> dirty, hard to operate (can not be "shut-off" after 8 hours)... need water.
I like your videos, but you really got some stuff wrong on this one. First, Synchronous and Asynchronous do not refer to how the field is created: Synchronous just says, the rotor never differs in frequency from the EMF. (permament magnet motor and the motor at 4:22 (DC-exited motor), switched reluctance motor) Asynchronous means, the rotor has a lower frequenc than the EMF. (induction motor) Second, there are electric motors that go way beyond 1800rpm. Especially if you want to achieve high power density, you want to go higher. (Race sports eg) Third, you have to calculate the efficiency of the overall system. The electric car still wins by a lot in the overall comparission, but not as good as motor to engine. I love your vids, keep going.
Hi Joe, I want to thank you for explaining how an electric motor works. I guess I never had a strong enough interest to actually google it but now that I understand it it’s pretty amazing.
Electric motors have been operating heavy machinery in factories all over the world long before battery technology was good enough to use them in cars.
Yes, I work in CNC and it amazes me what they are capable of. Heavy lathes and mills capable of shearing off hardened metal with half inch depth of cut all without breaking a sweat.
Despite your provocative title, I have to give you credit for paying well due homage to the ICE. I personally believe it will always be viable tech for certain environments. Off-grid scenarios in particular. Many Industrial and manufacturing processes have matured in the quest to improve ICE technology. Humanity shouldn't be sorry we held on to them for this long.
I am a gear head and I love talking about engines, but any car guy with a slight understanding of science would agree that an electric motor is faster.
It could be now if you want to buy a really bad EV like the Nissan Leaf, but the lower end moving to EV is a little ways off. The only really good, reasonably affordable electric vehicle on the market - and the best by far - is the Tesla Model 3 and soon its companion, the larger Model Y. But they start north of $35k so hardly first car affordable brand new.. but I can see kids being able to pick up a 5yr old Model 3 for a decent price in the future, so those days are coming.
There is a used market for EV's and within a few years (no time really) they will be cheap ....but, its mostly about the huge cost to the environment and death and disease caused by ICE cars that are important to their demise
James Humphrey ok internal combustion engines have a carbon footprint, what does making batteries and electricity do? Same thing yeah! I’m definitely no expert but unless it’s hydrogen fuel we’re going to continue f#ckin up this world. Just trading apples for oranges...
9:27 I always feel stupid when I pronounce things wrong so I thought I'll let you know that it's pronounced "neesh" (borrowed from French and originating from Latin "nidus" for nest. A space where you are safe from enemies/competition, hence also its use in the economic term "niche market").
As a kid I was taught to distinguish motors from engines the same way you described. Even though the two words are really interchangeable, it is a useful contrivance much of the time, though this policy is often violated. For instance, have you see the latest car models being offered by General Engines?
I want to hear how you pronounce the letter, "C" without making an "E" sound. The letters I and C together are pronounced as ICE in English. Go ahead and say I and C out loud. IC Do you see? Or more importantly can you hear.
While the initial purchase price of EVs are greater than ICE cars, proponents argue the total cost of ownership over the life of the vehicle is less for an EV. This will vary with individual circumstances. If leasing is an option a Tesla might work for you.
Engine noise is a big part for the excitement of driving. The difference is the car guys love everything from the feel, vibrations, and of course the noise of an engine. Electric cars are sterile, sure they're fast, thrilling and the acceleration is very impressive... But so is jumping off a cliff. The internal combustion engine isn't just a one trick pony to get the pulse racing. There are lots of elements, from the engineering, the look and of course that noise. The electric motor is a spinney box of a whine. That's the biggest draw back of electric motors and electric cars. Until theyre more than a one trick pony, electric cars just won't blow wind up people's skirts
One point that I do not hear a lot about is the level of control from the motor controller. I drive an electric forklift and I can move heavy machinery at a rate of inches per minute. It’s just so much more accurate so much easier to control than stepping on that 3rd pedal while revving those propane units. Also same goes for full power lifting at any ground speed. I’ve driven lulls, off road lifts, tri alxles, plows and this little fork lift is my favorite and it is built with 1980s technology lead acid batteries and a simple digital controller. I can’t wait to see what we can do in the future.
No, you are wrong. The 100kWh batteries Tesla uses are more than enough to have NO downside compared to a gasoline car. You can drive any distance and it won’t take longer than in a gasoline car with normal toilet and eat stops. And electric cars are already stronger and quicker than any gasoline car. The revolution is here. No reason to wait.
For the 95% of the global population who don't use the imperial system; when Joe said that many electric motors are rated to last 1 million miles, that's roughly 1.6 million kilometers.
I love my Volt! And yes, I also always had a manual transmission car up until the Volt. The CVT is so much better than a normal (ICE) automatic transmission, however. It always finds the perfect ratio for the situation. A normal auto sometimes jumps up and down because the best ratio is in-between two of its gears; really annoying climbing a mountain with that. Also, once I go outside of my electric range, the ICE carries me. Very convenient while waiting for the eventual extension of range and charging infrastructure necessary to making the electric vehicle dominant.
More accurately, an engine uses a heat process and a motor doesn't. A motor doesn't have to be electric. It could be hydraulic for instance.
An engine just processes an input to give an output. Witness the analytical engine you watched this video on. Charles Babbage would be annoyed ;)
Motor, from Latin's _movere_ (to move).
I see your point but hydroelectric and pneumatic both require a pump that is either electric or ICE powered. Technically you can have a cold combustion with enough pressure. I would say that an engine requires phase change of the fuel, motors do not require phase change.
Why wouldnt motor just be a type of engine? These concepts neednt be fighting exclusively. They could just be in a hierarchy. Motors are a subset of engines, because engines are devices that convert one energy to another energy. Motors convert electrical to rotational kenetic.
Definition of a motor (from www.lexico.com/en/definition/motor):
A machine, especially one powered by electricity or internal combustion, that supplies motive power for a vehicle or for another device with moving parts.
9:22 - You should amend that with: "in the U.S.", as in "niche product in the U.S." In the majority of Europe, it's automatic transmission cars that are niche.
#facts !!!!!
@@INSIGHTCO well, aunt Wiki puts the number of manual cars being sold in Europe at ~75% of total sales - but the data is a little dated (2008), and it IS Wikipedia. A cursory glance after googling the ratio of manual to automatic in Europe gives some articles that put the number as high as 80% (but I believe that's 'being currently driven' and not just sold). Mostly though? Personal experience. What with my living in central Europe, and having visited (or at the very least travelled through) most of the countries east of France in the last decade or so.
Aah yes, the US and Europe, because there are no other places on earth worth speaking about
@@rodrijopo actually, that's because those are the places the people speaking have experience with. Which in fact, was my whole point. Joe made a general statement based on his knowledge of the situation in the US, which I know isn't the same as the one in Europe, and thus the statement should have been more specific.
If you have something relevant to add, concerning the ratio of manual to automatic transmission cars in other places, feel free.
@@eviljesus84 then I'll add that in Argentina probably 90% (maybe 99%) of all cars have manual transmission and the rest are automatic
I still find it funny that Americans think manual transmissions are a niche thing.
In most countries, they make up the vast majority.
Millions of flies..
AT need more material, maintenance and cost efficiency = more expensive.
I had to search to find a new car with manual transmission when I bought a new car 3+yrs ago now, out of 100s of new cars on their lot I got the only one with a manual transmission. I bought in Sept, it'd been listed on their website for 6+ months (only manual), $3k discount because they were trying to get rid of current year inventory to bring in next year's models.
I dunno why, I personally prefer a manual transmission - only problem I've ever had one is replacing the clutch plate after maybe 150k miles. I've seen people with automatics (like recent Ford Focus years, several years of Taurus a while back, etc) have no end to transmission troubles. The only automatics I've driven in ages have been a few rentals on trips, and I've only owned manuals.
I am an American who loves manual transmissions, but finding one now a days is almost not an option. It's the companies, I guess.
I find it funny that you think Americans care in any way what transmissions the folks in other countries (those that have a car) use lol
It seems to come down to cost. The more wealthy the country, the more automatics www.quora.com/Do-countries-outside-of-the-US-mostly-drive-manual-cars
Pshaw, I say. Steam cars are the way of the future. Now excuse me while I go cut a cord of firewood for my next roadtrip...
I'll see you out there ;D
I think it's also spelled "Peshaw" :). Hadn't heard that euphemism for long time. Thanks for reminding me.
S. Truth Pshaw is the standard English spelling. I’ve never seen it spelt with an e. But i’m glad somebody else enjoys dated 19th century expressions :)
www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pshaw
Maybe saltwater...ruclips.net/video/aGg0ATfoBgo/видео.html But whatever happened to this discovery? Note the date of the video.
Stirling engine!
"just change the frequency to change the speed" is a bit of a gloss-over that could've used a tangent cam. making a variable frequency oscillator that can kick out motor levels of amps is a marvel of engineering that deserves as much attention as the motors, in my opinion
famitory I designed a BEV race car back in 2013 (building the second generation prototype now) and the motor controllers are by far the biggest problem we have with the cars... motors, batteries, chargers, all that is easy in comparison. It was a software glitch in one of the motor controllers that cost us our win at Pikes Peak two years ago. So yeah, the controllers are really the most critical piece of an EV.
( evsr.net for more on the car I designed)
Oh yeah, good ol' IGBT!
I am a gearhead: I have always loved cars and working on them. Some of my fondest memories are rebuilding a classic GTO with my grandad. I take great pride in being able to repair these incredibly-engineered products. I am by no means unique here.
But it is time - well-past time - to retire those skills and attitude. EV is the future.
I hope the near future for EVs and especially pickup trucks.
@Rock and Roll Agreed. Plus, they are cheaper and faster too.
newatlas.com/roland-gumpert-nathalie-methanol-fuel-cell-electric-supercar/58845/
Why? Look up the new freevalve engines. Petrol isn't dead
I wish there was like a hot rod EV community
Combusty McGee!
I love your channel, but I have to pick one nit... The reason internal combustion engines are so inefficient, is not because they have to push all those pistons, con-rods, and crankshaft around. They have an absolute theoretical efficiency limit defined by the Carnot cycle. Relative to that maximum theoretical efficiency, they're actually reasonably good (when operating at the most efficient RPM and load). But they do still have a crappy theoretical max efficiency, so they still kinda suck.
You suck.
Smaller words please. Lol
Don't waste your time, this is about monetizing idiotic EV fanboys.
Do you pick nits off of yourself too? Do you pick one then two and so on? Do you count your nits? Perhaps you should stop picking them and treat them with some nit wit! NITWIT!
Yeah why do you think their max theoretical efficiency is so low?? It’s because of all the moving parts...
I drove manual trans for many years,then I got tired of shifting,then I got tired of pushing the gas pedal,now I'm getting tired of holding the steering wheel,but I still want the drivers seat,to be "in control".
I did a contract with an EV drivetrain manufacturer, Magtec, in the UK. They made drivetrains for big 26T refuse vehicles and small goods vehicles. We had to software restrict reverse because yes, it would do 70mph in reverse. We also had to "fake" a ICE style power curve to the pedal as the refuse lorry drivers could not get used to the power from a standing start and would crash the vehicles! 😂
It would be fun to defeat all those protective measures!
Well, my manual transmission is fast turning into an effective anti theft device :)
Kim Wilson bro, everyone drives manual... its the norm
@@newtz. I know a lot of people who've never driven a manual transmission. Most cars in the USA come with automatic standard, with mostly only very cheap, or very sporty, cars having a manual. Sad, perhaps, but it's the way things have been shifting for a while.
Manual transmission is nice because no one in my family, except me, knows how to drive my car! Most kids today don't know what a clutch is for!!
Unless the thief is as old as I. I remember when automatics were an extra option for most cars and trucks never had them.
@@newtz. ... certainly not the norm in NZ... most learn to drive in an AT and never learn how to use a clutch... bunny-hopping isn't so cool when you're trying to steal a car :D
Clarification: The motor @ 3:49 is an AC Motor but not an AC Induction Motor. An AC Induction Motor does not have permanent magnets for it, the field on the rotor is "induced" by the electromagnets in the stator.
yes, most people don't know how a combustion engine works either - step on the gas either one!
I thought all ac motors had permanent magnet rotors since theres no brushes. I guess you can't use induction motors for regen
@@fryncyaryorvjink2140 Most motor types use a combination of permanent and electro magnets. The AC induction motor is the only exception I can think of. That said, it is a VERY popular motor. Most of the AC motor in your home are AC induction motors. The stator (outside) is a bunch of windings that produce a rotating magnetic field. The rotor (inside) is made out of spiral conductive loops of metal which have current induced in them by the field created by the stator windings. This current causes the rotor loops to act like magnets which are pulled along by the rotating magnet field.. This simple design that uses inexpensive parts make these motors so popular. The one disadvantage is they are usually bigger and heavier than other motor types.
Glad to see you getting this basic on electric motors,
seriously, most people have no idea how they work. Again, SERIOUSLY! I think it
helps a lot of people understand why EVs are better, if for no other reason
than just how “basic” they truly are.
I have been watching some of your old videos...how to make an “Old Fashioned” from 2015, (hilarious) and how to break the power of negative thinking from 2013, which was very honest and thought provoking. You are easily the best channel on RUclips. Thank you and best wishes for the future.
My gf has an i3 and it has a little 2 cyl motor in the back that is meant to turn on and give you an extra 20 miles or so by charging the batteries while you drive. A huge bonus for EV is that a lot of garages in big cities are offering charging, preferred parking or reduced parking fees. Because of the i3 she saves like $160 a month in parking in downtown. Larger metropolitan areas are starting to cater to the EV.
talking about EVs, could you make a video about the production of lithium-Ion batteries? Starting from the mining of lithium all the way through the production :D
Not good enough. It needs to begin with the discovery of lithium and project into the future of lithium's replacement to even begin to be worthwhile.
While you're at it, I heard on NPR a few years back that someone was developing a kind of plastic/polymer battery that was super light, held like hundreds of times more energy than lithium, and very safe. So safe they said it could be broken up into little pieces and each piece could still be tapped for electricity. I figured Musk would've gobbled that tech up and that would be the end of our battery problems but I haven't heard anything since.
Let's talk about a tiny oil spill to begin WITH. And yes grape is sour
@@jeffmathers355 I think we are all hoping for better battery technology. There is a lot of promising research being done but taking it from the laboratory and scaling it to production at a reasonable cost is usually the issue. Until then it doesn't do much for us consumers.
@@jbbuzzable Yes, which is why I was asking Joe to do a video about the latest research and how its progressing.
Fun fact, in geman there is no differece between engine and motor. There is only motor.
And i hope the EV´s got a little bit cheaper. Unfortunatly i cant afford an EV by now, but i will get one as soon I have the money.
You and me both, I'm hoping for a sticker price below $28k well equipped ;?)
@@russell2449 Would be awsome.
The price does need to come down a bit more (and will!) but you may be surprised at it now. When you're pricing it out, include how much you spend on gas currently (and of course how much it would cost to charge). Even the most expensive charging methods are about 25% the cost of gas.
You can make one or do a conversion.
permanent magnet motors are almost always also synchronous motors. so naming both as different types was a little misleading. there are just two general categories: synchronous vs asynchronous and AC vs DC. Technically those make the axis of a matrix. within these categories there are several technical solutions
I'm a die hard car enthusiast and I appreciate your respect for the ICE. I daily drive a 6 speed Mustang GT with Flowmasters because of the way it makes me feel. An EV will never be able to replace the satisfaction I get from executing a perfectly rev-matched downshift and I prefer supercharger whine over electric motor whine but I accept that EV's are the way of the future. I foresee ICE cars becoming very niche one day, with manufacturers continuously tinkering with the technology for the small market of people like me. You already see it at companies like Koenigsegg and even Aston Martin with their Valkyrie. They, along with Cosworth developed a giant V12 engine that screams to 11k rpm and produces nearly 1,100hp, all while passing emissions standards which many thought impossible - and it will have KERS on top of that. I'm still excited about the future of ICE.
I completely agree. I don't have an electric car (yet) but I just bought an battery powered electric lawnmower and it's better than ANY gas powered one I've ever had.
Just put a seat on it, some front and rear lighting, a license plate, and you have an shoddy electric car. Lol. (I'm not making fun of EVs, I love them)
apparently you have only ever had cheap shitty gas powered mowers
@@hunkyhenry6092 I think you failed to comprehend the point of this video. Electric engines are superior to ICE engines. Superior for power, superior for maintenance, superior for longevity, superior for efficiency.
It's like saying to someone who is amazed by the power of a Tesla that they must have only driven cheap shitty ICE cars. No - a Tesla is plain faster than most ICE cars, expensive or not.
Take your electric lawnmower to a drag race
@@YurkerYT umm. I guess I should have mentioned that it's a walk behind. It's self propelled, but I'm not ganna win any races with it.😁
*_Elon Musk just entered the chat_*
5:39 1800 RPM? Really Joe? Think you are out by an order of magnitude there mate 😀😀😀
I think he’s talking about motors for cars.
I didn't expect a somewhat personal thank you.
You're welcome from my family.
My grandfather was a mechanic, my father was an auto parts manager, and I was a mechanic and an auto parts sales and service specialist.
I don't want to be rude or anything, but I think he was reffering to engineers, as they are the genius behind the machine
@@krzysztofbroda5376
My comment was in jest. But if you want to take it seriously here we go.
I think you misunderstand what he said. His character Combusty McGee is meant to represent all of the people who have worked in the automotive field.
Many of the pioneers of the automotive industry were/are not formally trained as engineers. For example Henry Ford.
It does not take a genius to be an engineer and because one is an engineer does not make them a genius.
As a mechanic who sees the disadvantages of ICE on a daily basis, I am all for EVs. What troubles me the most is when people are turned away from EVs and hybrids out of fear that the battery packs will fail and cost a fortune to replace. Thanks Joe for another informative video!!👍 I am forever subscribed. 😁
Loved it Joe. Test drove a Tesla model 3 today in London and it is brilliant. Loved it. Everyone in the UK, book a test drive even if just to try it and you can tell others.
base model costs about the same as my house, na im good thanks.
@@deadsparky1 If you are in the UK and can buy a property for £37,500 +/- (after government incentives), where do you live?
Actually scrap that, its a crazy comparison as this is just what a car of this quality costs. I can't afford it either but it doesn't change the fact it is an amazing car for the money, regardless of my own personal financial situation.
Great video Joe. Agree 100%. Electric all the way.
LS all the way
No braaaaa stuttutututututu
'Time for it to die' I'm sure that Hz some people's feelings ;)
ha!
For that comment you should be charged with battery.,
True, there were some issues in the video that werent quite right.
For example the argument of all ices stemming from one specific
model and the "fact" that ices should die. The need for electricity specifically calls for heat engines like ices.
Mandernach Luca. You do realize that the three prior comments were about bad puns and not real content?
@@parkjammer
Yes and i do understand the joke but i decided to break the circle and be different, lol.
In Europe is not only manual transmissions the norm and not a niche, but also the most common meaning of ICE is inter-city express. A train, which is a niche in the USA...
I live in the middle of the United States, and we have a very sad transit system. Part of it is habit, but it's also because everything is very spread out here. Large cities like New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, etc. have trains, buses, and so on, but we only have buses where I live, and not many.
I always knew ICE as Immagration Control Enforcement.
I always thought ICE was just really cold water...
Yeah...too bad your flag ain't on the moon. Guess you guys like being old fashioned
I award you sir an honorary Brit! 🇬🇧
We all drive manual and always have!
Also, I am an electronics Engineer, and your explanations we absolutely perfect. Wish I'd had them when I was studying!!
Love your stuff, thank you!!! 😁👍
Alright, so one thing you kind of glossed over is that the energy density of gasoline is WAY higher than for batteries. This is an important technical reason that ICE vehicles still have value over EVs. I agree that for ground transportation, EVs are the future, but ICEs are not going away anytime soon nor should they for applications like aerospace, where energy density is CRITICAL to the commercial viability of the technology.
Brain Mind you know there are already LSA battery electric airplanes? You can even buy one, the Pipestrel Alpha Electro. As the technology progresses, and the cost of avgas and jet-a continues to climb, I think there will be more and more electric airplanes in the air as well as vehicles on the ground.
@@jpe1 Nobody is going to fly across the country or an ocean in an electric airplane for standard transport. Not gonna happen.
Brain Mind in 1924 my dad drove across Pennsylvania in an automobile (not a big deal in and of itself) what he bragged about was that the car only had two flat tires for the entire trip and many of his friends thought he was lying, that he must have had more flats than that. Today we can drive 100 times further on one set of tires and reasonably expect no flats what so ever. When the Wright Flyer made its debut at Kitty Hawk its best flight was less than 1000 feet and no one foresaw transoceanic jet travel. Plenty of examples of transportation technology changing rapidly, no reason to think electric propulsion is any exception. For example, you cite low energy density as an impossible hurdle, yet researchers at Harvard have developed an organic flow cell battery that could potentially approach the energy density of hydrocarbon chemical bonds. Who knows what innovations may come in the future.
@@jpe1 "For example, you cite low energy density as an impossible hurdle, yet researchers at Harvard have developed an organic flow cell battery that could potentially approach the energy density of hydrocarbon chemical bonds"
Source please? "Approach" is not a satisfactory quantity in my book. Nuclear power would also probably be a satisfactory source of power but is doubtful to find use in air transportation. In addition to energy density, the problem with batteries is their weight. The calculus does get complicated when you're talking about the difference in efficiency between electric motors and ice engines. I would be very interested to see if those organic flow batteries you speak of are knocking on the door of fossil fuels. That would indeed make things interesting for aviation use cases.
There are many electric motors that spin much faster than 1800rpm.
We're pretty sure he meant 18,000 rpm.
Well, this sounds like the rpm of a common 3 phase induction motor.
@@davecasey4341 -- And even there that would hardly account for all electric motors. There are spindle motors in some CNC machines with speeds over 50K rpm.
my record player for one!
@@djp3637 Didn't the Honda F1 V8 get to 22,000 rpm?
You said 1800 rpm in the video, that's really slow for a motor. Even standard industrial motors will often turn at 7200 RPM. You meant 18k RPM for a Tesla motor.
In my many years of industrial plant design experience, most industrial motors are rated at 1800 rpm, synchronous speed or actually a little slower than 1800 due to 'slip'. Some motors, typically used for pumps are rated 3600 rpm. Slower rotating motors have more poles and have a greater torque rating for a given horsepower. I have used large servo motors rated at 5400 rpm, but those applications are rare. So, 1800 rpm is the standard for industrial applications.
@@frankd8957 you're right, a 7200 rpm motor using 60 hz feed is possible, but very exotic. But the point is that 3600 is easy and 1800 is standard. These are low performance AC motors that have been around for fifty years.
There are plenty of high speed motors running at 20k+ rpm for different industrial applications. They run on VFD's (AC inverters) and aren't constrained to 60 Hz. These aren't usually very large motors, think servo motor to move a table or run a mill head. (Still could be several horsepower)
I found a reference that Elon stated that they turn at 18k. This makes sense because they need to turn very fast to allow you to go at top speed while still having good torque at 0 rpm. (They have a fixed gear reduction).
@@Heisenberg2A most EV's don't use VFD's because of their inefficiency, they are almost always current-controlled, and most have max RPM's ranging from about 6,000 to 18,000 and everywhere in between. 1800 RPM motors are basically non-existent in the EV world, and even 3600 to 4000 RPM motors are relegated to heavy duty vehicles like trucks and buses (and have a large diameter and high torque).
@@GregHassler A VFD (variable frequency drive) is what allows motors in industrial applications to spin at some speed that's not a multiple of the supply line frequency (for syncronous motors).
Tesla's and other EV makers use AC inverters (make AC from DC batteries). They change the speed of the motor by varying the output frequency. Otherwise they could only run at one speed. (They all use three phase syncronous motors)
Or maybe more accurately said, they increase the AC voltage to the motor, it accelerates and they need to increase the frequency of the feed to keep up (syncronized).
@@Heisenberg2A series winding motors free running can tear themselves apart. They are designed to run under fairly heavy loads.
I think a lot of the people who like manual transmissions will also like EVs. They like the feeling of being directly in control of what the car is doing. With ICE cars in general this is impossible, because there is always half a second of lag between the command and the car's response, but at least with a manual you can control the shifts.
I think of stepping on the throttle like giving the car a command to accelerate. With an EV, it responds instantly, and continues accelerating for however long you keep giving it that command. With a ICE car with auto, it stops accelerating to shift, all while you were still inputting the "accelerate" command. I find that infuriating.
Yea my last car was a manual, I like it, but on days when my knees or ankles hurt I wished I had an auto. Well now I do, and its so slow, you put your foot down and yell "change gear already!" Thats the second reason to go electric, the first is all the problems and maintenance gas engines have
That's not quite true.
In an electric car your throttle is a suggestion not an actual command.
You tell the computer to tell the motor to accelerate and how much you want it to accelerate by.
The computer reads this input and looks at the current parameters and decides if it's within acceptable parameters and sends the command to the motor.
If for any reason (you have traction control on, the battery charge is low, the battery is over heating or some other in a long list) the controller gets a signal that it should not, then the controller will accelerate at a slower rate or not at all.
Pogo
Obviously...🙄 which is true of every car. It’s not like you’re physically telling the engine to increase fuel flow, unless you have an antique. But barring a very rare situation, my original statement is true.
@@Jer_Schmidt Some cars still have a physical cable that opens the butterfly valve, not all all cars have electronic throttles.
Power to Wright is still too bad with EVs
The video is just getting started (30 secs into it) but it's already got my attention !!! Super excited !!
Hey Joe, nice vid, good information. Just a small error in the animation at 2:22, if you actually ran the same wire back the opposite direction as shown (as opposed to looping around which is how it's actually done) then your magnetic fields would cancel out (right hand rule), and your motor wouldn't work.
If 'Transport Evolved' and 'Answers with Joe' had a baby, my actual risk of dying from the results of binge watching could become grounds for a civil lawsuit! Thanks again💕
Civil lawsuit? I guess you'll also need The Legal Eagle.
Years of studying electrical engineering spent will now culminate in me going AAACCHKSSHUAALLY: An induction motor does not contain permanent magnets on its rotor, only coils. The opposing magnetic field in the rotor is entirly induced by the changing field of the stator, hence the name. This stuff gets complicated though, so, don't worry about it
Changing m field creates electricity which creates a m field and so on and on. The first time my teacher explained induction motors to me I was astonished
In 5:38 you said up to 1800 rpm but I’m quite sure you meant 18.000 right ?
Joe that was brilliant! Very educational. One correction, one does press the brakes in an electric car as normal, what you meant was that the brake calipers don’t grab the rotor ......”until the last 5 mph or an emergency stop”...
Wow. Awesome video! Love the explanation of the e-motor and the associated graphics. Very understandable by anyone. Bravo! FWIW to add to the EV discussions, I bought a Honda Clarity (ph)EV and love it. Its my daily driver. 17kWh battery, good for about 50 miles of range. And - it has an ICE under the hood too in case I need to go on long trips, and so I never have "range anxiety". But for everyday driving, I just charge overnight in the garage and drive it purely on electricity on my daily commute. The best of both worlds until the charging infrastructure is sufficiently built out :-)
Well done, Joe! Get it out there, that ICE is technology from yesterday! :)
both of you are great you-tubers
Well, actually, EVs are from yesterday, in terms of age ;D.
However, as long as there is a need for electricity, there is a need for all kinds of ice or other kinds of combustion engine or heat engine.
I would argue, that this argument in the video was the only wrong one, elecricity simply isn't optained that easy, heat for engines is.
It must be nice not being poor.
See this thing with the manual transmission is so interesting!
I live in Germany. THE Car country. But I can say with confident that by far the most cars a manuals.
I don't know why.
In America it is (obviously) different if you say this is a niche thing...
Philipp Sesar, this is true of everywhere in Europe. Automatic transmissions are mostly a North American thing. Having said that, I don't understand why people in Europe, where I live, stubbornly want to keep them. I know there was a time and they were less efficient because of the torque converter (fluid clutch), but that isn't really a thing anymore. And I do understand the fun part of manual shifting. However, for most driving autos are much more convenient.
Philipp Sesar if you drive in the autobahn with certain parts having no speed limits, is rational hence, to have a manual transmission. Conversely, in the States when the speed limit in highways rarely is over 70mph (or about 120km/h) there’s no need for frequent downshifts. It’s a cruising style of driving (albeit immensely boring) vs active driving. I am not American but I have driven for years in the States and several times in German roads and highways.
@@C_R_O_M________ I see yeah but most of the people even in Germany a also cursing along... 130 km/h is the so called Richtgeschwindigkeit. That means 'you can drive as fast as you want BUT I'd be nice if you wouldn't and just drive 130'
And a fair amount of people do that.
I get that when you want to drive a sports car you wanna have a manual but for the most part that's unnecessary.
I just love my DSG dual clutch automatic gearbox, made in Germany though. Never want to go back to a manual.
If I had to guess I would say it's because back in the day an automatic transmission was a bit of a luxury item. You didn't have to worry yourself with moving a stick with an extra peddle like some low class pleb...lol. And well...everyone wants to live like rich people, so everyone started wanting automatic transmissions...even in muscle cars. I'd say here driving stick is becoming a lost art...but it's becoming a lost art all over I imagine. What I think is interesting is there is becoming a bit of a hybrid between the two. The PDK is like a manual that can pass itself off as an automatic, while my daily driver auto transmission can has the option of a sequential shifter (granted not a great one lol).
Induction motors do not have permanent magnets
anton arsenenko ...thank you! I thought I was the only one that caught that lol
I must say this, I have grown up working on combustion engines with my dad and all my uncles. I love classic muscle cars, in my opinion you just can't beat the feeling of firing up that big V8 with a nice healthy sounding exhaust. That being said, I work for an auto glass company and I work on ADDAS systems. After the windshield has been replaced I have to recalibrate the cameras and radar systems. And this allows me to drive a wide variety of vehicles, and I must say a lot of these hybrid and electric cars have grown on me in fact I'm thinking about getting one. I'll still have my grumbly V8 but maybe just take it out on the weekends and for leisurely drives.
Hey Joe - love your videos. Keep up the great work. Must take issue with one thing: any ICE/EV operational cost comparison that does not factor in a ‘carbon cost’ or pollution cost to the ICE is totally skewed. ICE transportation is and has been dirt cheap because the true costs of using this form of transportation isn’t being paid for by the users. Companies that pollute should have to pay for the clean up. An appropriate carbon tax on gas would probably bring ICE transportation to a quick end. And I think it’s time.
I dream of silent cities with near 100% electric traffic.
Actually, the silence is a safety issue, there are actually new laws on the way, to standardize a "noise maker".
Yeah, as has been pointed out, keep dreaming. The dinosaurs just figured out a way to force BEVs to make noises.
Cities are where current tech EV's belong. Range? Interstate travel? Vacation? Visit family over the holidays? No, no, and no.
Don't underestimate the noise of tires on the road.
A lot of noise is also just air and friction
Joe Scott appreciates EV's and also has a Tesla Model 3.. I love this guy even more.
Nice job, Joe. Shout out from East TX. Totally agree that ICE's are amazing and electric motors are amazing-er. I think it's interesting to remember that In Jules Verne's 20,000 Leagues under the Sea, the futuristic Nautilus was powered by that amazing power source of the future: ELECTRICITY. Maybe we're finally catching up with Mr. Verne. I own two Toyota's and their gas engines just keep on going with minimal up-keep. Although they probably won't reach a million miles, my truck is at 250k and if I live long enough, it should reach a few hundred thousand more. So, I don't have an electric car, but I do own an electric bike and love it. Thanks again.
Ever since subs advanced beyond hand cranking for submerged propulsion, subs have been battery propelled when under the surface. Though some WW2 subs used snorkles when recharging near the surface. And of course nuke subs run on electricity at all times. So electrical subs are a long standing reality.
I work as an electrician and often, I repair or upgrade old electrical motors in factories. You add capacitors, smoothen the phases and you reach ridiculously high efficiency. No wonder these been used since as early as theyve been invented and even before the electric car I always wondered just when it would replace combustion based motors/engine. I remember one of my teacher mentioning a ceramic engine (searched it a bit but little success) that went as high as 98-99% efficiency, almost no loss due to heat. If true thats quite something.
Joe I always enjoy your great content! Just a small tidbit: the first working electric motor (we know of) is from around 1827 invented by Ányos Jedlik (Hungarian/Slovakian origin). He also created the first electric model car and the first dynamo.
I hoped we would get an explanation on reluctance, synchronous and asynchronous motors, at least (since you/Nikki mentioned them)...
But I get that not everybody is an engineer, baby steps is better than no steps
no one needs to know any of that is the truth as no one knows how an Ice works the reality .... step on the gas is all the 99% know and why we have Trump for president - by the way Nikki thinks the coming F150 Ford EV ( coming in 3 years ) is going to change the world for instance - LoL and WtF - that is how clueless the masses and even Nikki is . the real point of the creation of the Tesla was to mitigate CO2 in a pretty package- step on the gas !
Now please talk about the Co2 Emissions being created in battery manufacturing and lithium extraction! Many Thanks
Found the guy who thinks EVs pollute as much as ICE vehicles. Lol
Idiot !
He did a video on this. While it could be cleaner because of usage for retired batteries, etc. he also says that it could be disastrous because of so many battery manufacturers going online. Which will make it cheaper just to make new batteries and toss the old. Like most things in life, moderation seems to be key.
@@LetsWatchBob You are right, the point is to prime the usage of other energy systems
so that we can avoid using carbon-oxygen separation as our battery.
Temporarily burning gigantic amounts of carbon with older tech to get there isn't a
big deal.
Literally EVERY SINGLE INDUSTRY pollutes in some way. Petroleum-focused industries especially.
I'm watching this at work and when he said "but iT'S tIME fOr It TO diE" I nearly burst out laughing.
Great vid Joe. I have an explaner vid to add to my library for next time I'm trying to explain it. Thanks for the shortcut.
When I was in college studying mech. eng. I was taught that the difference between a motor and an engine was that a motor produces a singular point of energy production (mechanical rotation) where an engine will produce multiple such as mechanical rotation, electrical supply, pumping water, air pressure and or a vacuum.
Yay! Collaboration with Nikki, *the* best EV journalist on YT was an excellent idea!
except for Nikki thinks, the Ford F150 EV is going to change the world coming out in 3 years. clueless she is or ICE staller for adoption
@@jameshumphrey9939 Huh?
I totally agree that electric motors are better that internal combustion engines. That isn't what is keeping ICE cars around. It is the way it is powered that does that.
1. Gasoline or diesel is available almost anywhere. Electricity recharging stations are not.
2. It only takes a few minutes to refuel an ICE vehicle. It takes much longer to recharge an electric vehicle.
3. Gasoline or diesel storage is just a light weight tank. Electric storage involves heavy and expensive batteries.
4. Generally speaking, gas or diesel tanks don't wear out. Electric batteries wear out in a few years.
5. When they wear out, tanks are inexpensive to replace. Electric batteries are expensive.
6. Tanks are easy to dispose of and have a minimal ecological impact. Not so with batteries.
Objections one and two are being worked on and are getting better. If we can find an inexpensive replacement for batteries, capacitor technology comes to mind, that should fix objection two.
I don't know if objections three through six (which really should be combines into one objection) are ever going to be solved, but they can hopefully be improved. Graphene looks very promising.
Most of the conversation I have is that it’s still better to see out the life of your ice car before buying an electric one.
Which is the most energy efficient way of switching.
that's a load of bullcrap you heard from Ford and GM
@@jameshumphrey9939 I've been looking for a better way to travel. But even with trading in my old car at highest value would only make the electric car i was looking at pay for itself in 20 yrs. It's not quite worth it yet for efficient vehicles where gas is cheap and electricity isn't.
That said, I would like to jump in a zero emissions vehicle sooner than later but I find it's rather difficult to bike to work anywhere in Texas really lol
James Humphrey
I wouldn’t know mate is that an issue in the US with GM and Ford, I’m simply talking pub talk on energy cost transfer from an existing car replacement to a new car ev or ice.
I still remember the Soviet/post Soviet Škoda trolleybuses in Riga.
The new ones have better control over the throttle, but with the old ones you could have a bendy bus fly away and push you into the seat as a sprts car.
Great video Joe! You explain things in ways that it just clicks instantly! This one feels a lot better than the doom and gloom we’re all gonna die on Mars video. 😊
Almost all diesel locomotives nowadays are “hybrids”. They’re actually called diesel-electric and are inconceivably more efficient and cost-effective than the diesel-mechanical configuration. That’s the reason the latter never took off.
The reason is that traction can be spread out over several carriages, each with their own electric powered bogie. An thes motors are also used for braking on long descents as they won't overheat as mechanical brakes, the power just go to a cabinet with dump resistors and is not stored, but these two reasons were the main reason for diesel electric locomotives.
Diesel-electric is just a fancy way of saying that modern locomotives are just diesel generators on wheels.
It's kinda why every diesel electric locomotive can be converted to run off of overhead power delivery(ie electric railways).
You just don't turn the diesel generator on and get your power from the grid.
manual transmssion a niche product? erm, have you ever been to that place ... whats it called ... oh yeah, the rest of the world
I'm loving my cvt with paddle shifters. More efficient than manual or automatic, plus I can downshift for compression braking as needed, sparing the brakes.
Do manual transmission cars represent the majority of new cars manufactured globally?
@@tjs200 Then calculate how much of the world is modernized.
The rest of the world drives on the wrong side of the road and uses some dumb archaic measuring system too. Doesn't make it better.
@@ayaa.1351 how is this an answer? Most cars are manufactured in industrialized countries.
Just bought a Rav4 XSE hybrid. Joe got me on the EV train. Baby steps.
Get comma.ai to outfit it with free self driving if you got the version with bumper cameras and radar
Nikki Rocks. Thanks for collaboration.
Induction simply refers to the process of inducing a magnetic field in a coil via electricity. We use the term "inductor" to describe a device that generates a magnetic field via electricity. Inductors are a direct complement to capacitors, and the two are often used together.
3:50 What is pictured is not an induction motor. You didn't introduce the concept of induction, a concept I happen to be particularly fond of. With a permanent magnet in the rotor it would also be a synchronous motor. Great job otherwise!
I agree, induction motors are probably the most used and most useful electric machines in the industry. I mean, even the difference between an induction motor and a generator is only the rpm.
Yeh, well I'm not an electric engineer, I do CCE, I think they're noisy, the spark on the rotor leads ark and cause EMI that can be heard over everything with a pickup. Plus the spring contacts wear off and leave dust on the shat. That is why magnetic rotors would be preferred. Or in the case that the outer casing is the rotor, to contain the magnetic shells in it. While the stator would be the one holding the switching coils. Not sure how efficient that is compared to the former one. However coils are bulky, I prefer the magnetic rotor.
@xDR1TeK it sounds like you're describing a brushless DC motor.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor
(I know you know this. The link isn't really aimed at you.)
There are two main ways of having windings on the rotor.
One is brushed windings, fed via brushes and a commutator or slip rings. I'm only really familiar with the commutated motor types, which are the brushed DC and universal motors.
The other is the squirrel cage rotor, which consists of two conductive rings joined by a bunch of bars, in essence creating a series of loops for electric current. When the rotating magnetic field passes over the squirrel cage, an electric current is induced which in turn generates another magnetic field. This field tries to keep up with the rotating field, but if it manages to do this the induction will cease, so it will always slip behind. This is the asynchronous induction motor.
The squirrel cage rotor is also used in the shaded pole motor, a weak but very cheap single phase AC motor.
A synchronous motor has permanent magnets in the rotor, meaning no slip is required for it to turn. It turns with the same speed as the magnetic field.
@@xDR1TeK
Coils don't have to be bulky, induction motors for example onlx use coils (the rotor is basically a single loop coil). Efficiency wise, dc motors aren't used anymore in big industrial applications, because the induction motor is simply cheaper more reliable and in many cases more efficient.
What we today call a brushless dc motor is not actually a dc motor but a small synchronus 3 phase ac
motor.
Good video on topic. ICE and motors are apples and oranges. When lead acid batteries were king, electric cars were a niche market in early auto days due to clean, quiet, and slow. Mostly rich old ladies liked them. Now, rich young guys like them due to lithium batteries and the niche market of rich hot rodders. Kinda the opposites except for the rich part.
ICE's are prime movers that convert chemically stored energy into mechanical motion either directly or through motor-generator pairs. Electric motors are not prime movers. They are mechanical output devices for electrical energy. Human beings are prime movers who also burn stored chemical energy and output mechanical work. People and animals have much more in common with ICE since both breath air and exhaust carbon dioxide while eating carbon based fuels.
Electric motors are components of robotic systems, a natural succession for cars and trucks, particularly self driven types. In the future, rich kids will drive or be driven in autonomous $100K vehicles that working people will never be able to afford. Working people will only be able to hitch hike or drive used ICE cars until the spoiled rich kids make ICE cars illegal, and then working people will make sport of killing those autonomous cars with autonomous defeating devices. Just kidding.
I see a cultural divide between rich and poor as well as city versus country looming in the future. Electric and autonomous are suitable for wealthy city dwellers, while not for country people at all. Lawyers will love all the income from law suits involving autonomy. We are currently in a recession, which will slow down the economic progress of people and probably bankrupt TESLA and many others using creative financing. I would be careful with money today and NOT purchase expensive vehicles.
Gene Townsend I thought Batteries were “chemically stored energy.” Which is why some old lead acid EVs had issues at high speed/drain, the chemical reaction could not keep up with the current drain.
Also, it seems to me that self driving cars will be coming down in price in the future. (Oh wait! They already are!) Not sure I would call them a “rich person’s” toy. Folks that are disabled and can’t drive probably need these kinds of things to continue remaining independent.
Joe's video was on motors only rather than batteries and motor systems. Batteries are not naturally produced chemically stored energy like coal, oil, cellulose, etc., but highly manufactured from refined materials that store and deliver electrical energy directly. ICE's use hydrogen and carbon compounds much like animals to eat and breath animation from living or once living materials. Batteries use totally dead materials. I believe lead-acid batteries have limited current primarily due to the resistance of the grid materials
After autonomous cars are allowed on the streets in some states, and the death and injury statistics become statistically valid, the insurance companies will drive the insurance costs through the roof. The problems are not technical, they are social. The death and injury liabilities against manufacturers and suppliers will also greatly increase the prices. Social uncertainties are always expensive.
In the future, working people will need to stay home and work online while the robots and androids battle each other to the death driving on the roads and highways. Humans will lead virtual lives, while robots will be relegated to mere reality.
Engine = Creates energy internally from an external fuel source (hydrocarbons, wood)
Motor = Is provided energy (electric/pneumatic/hydraulic) directly from external source
@bill Thermodynamic Law: energy cannot be created or destroyed. "Engine = Creates energy internally" I think you mean converts energy, but so does a motor.
Would it be a steam motor if you could have a vehicle with a tank filled with high pressure steam produced elsewhere? I ask as I am not a native english speaker, in my language everything is just motor, being steam, gasoline, electric, stepper or jet! I don't even understand why a differentiation between the two should be needed!
@@nunya___ pedantic reply but none the less true. An engine converts fuel into high pressure (explosive/steam) which in turn creates motion. A motor takes energy directly to create motion without any matter conversion required. Is that better?
Bill DeCat would that definition then make a steam engine a motor as well?
@@karellen00 Simply put, Yes it would be a type of pneumatic motor run on high pressure. In this case the high pressure is steam and not just compressed gas. BTW, the differentiation is required because the English language is a mongrel language made of stolen words from many other languages. So we take the root word for engine from one and the root word for motor from another and just use both. Were we to speak a "pure language" (my words) like Italian or Spanish where the language develops from a single root source (Latin) the need for such words is not required. As an example in English we call the animal a cow (from Old English) and its' meat beef (from French beouf). The same goes for pig and pork. Yet most languages around the world do not make this type of distinction.
A tesla still has a ton of moving parts and will probably have to get serviced just as much if not more than gasoline cars in the long haul. Alternators on cars only last 100,000 miles or so on average, so if these electric motors are like alternators, they will have to get fixed all the time, the tesla still has ball joints, brakes, shocks, steering comments, control arms, and tons of other stuff that need to get serviced, saying that Tesla’s wont have to get maintained is kind of an ignorant thing to say.
Yes. Once you look past the engine/motor, a car is a car.
One of the most important factors for engineering is, that the electric motor vibrates less. There is a ton of work going into ice cars, and engines, just to get rid of the vibrations it creates.
Not to sound weird, but your voice really calms me down. Keep up the good work
Stated that wrong Joe. Permanent magnet motors (PMAC) are synchronous. Inductive motors are asynchronous.
All diesel locomotives use electric motors for tractive effort. Gotta have that torque to pull thousands of tons of freight.
Good point, but then again, how heavy is that levitating train from Japan?🤔
they use motors not because of torque... but because its easier to control electricity than it is to deal with gears and clutches in such a heavy application
@@renaissanceman5847 - Exactly, and that includes _synchronization,_ when you're linking several locomotives, each with several sets of powered axles.
@@CT-um7zq
About as heavy as any other train. It just levitates on an electromagnetic field, it's weight doesn't change.
Actually a steam locomotive (piston powered w/gear-drive) will easily out pull (and win a race) over diesel-electric.
Look it up...
down-side>> dirty, hard to operate (can not be "shut-off" after 8 hours)... need water.
I like your videos, but you really got some stuff wrong on this one.
First, Synchronous and Asynchronous do not refer to how the field is created:
Synchronous just says, the rotor never differs in frequency from the EMF. (permament magnet motor and the motor at 4:22 (DC-exited motor), switched reluctance motor)
Asynchronous means, the rotor has a lower frequenc than the EMF. (induction motor)
Second, there are electric motors that go way beyond 1800rpm. Especially if you want to achieve high power density, you want to go higher. (Race sports eg)
Third, you have to calculate the efficiency of the overall system. The electric car still wins by a lot in the overall comparission, but not as good as motor to engine.
I love your vids, keep going.
Hi Joe, I want to thank you for explaining how an electric motor works. I guess I never had a strong enough interest to actually google it but now that I understand it it’s pretty amazing.
To reiterate lavithan. Please do a video on manufacturing of lithium ion batteries.
ruclips.net/video/50rXYrFCQMw/видео.html
I keep hearing Material Girl by Madonna in the background of his videos
Electric motors have been operating heavy machinery in factories all over the world long before battery technology was good enough to use them in cars.
Battery tech has been good enough for 60 years. GM could have produced a 40 mile range compact EV like the little MG in the 70's.
Yes, I work in CNC and it amazes me what they are capable of. Heavy lathes and mills capable of shearing off hardened metal with half inch depth of cut all without breaking a sweat.
@@davidbeppler3032 Electric cars were around 120 years ago! and with 80 mile plus range
ruclips.net/video/OhnjMdzGusc/видео.html
electric is good inside of a building because there is a constant power source if you need it....
Joe you're awesome! Every video brings a smile to my face. Life can suck! So thank you so much for making mine a little brighter😉 🌍🌞
Despite your provocative title, I have to give you credit for paying well due homage to the ICE. I personally believe it will always be viable tech for certain environments. Off-grid scenarios in particular. Many Industrial and manufacturing processes have matured in the quest to improve ICE technology. Humanity shouldn't be sorry we held on to them for this long.
I am a gear head and I love talking about engines, but any car guy with a slight understanding of science would agree that an electric motor is faster.
An electric motor is faster but at the moment fully electric cars are not...Yet
It has nothing to do with being faster
I'd love to see the day where a person's first car can reasonably be electric
It could be now if you want to buy a really bad EV like the Nissan Leaf, but the lower end moving to EV is a little ways off. The only really good, reasonably affordable electric vehicle on the market - and the best by far - is the Tesla Model 3 and soon its companion, the larger Model Y. But they start north of $35k so hardly first car affordable brand new.. but I can see kids being able to pick up a 5yr old Model 3 for a decent price in the future, so those days are coming.
Keep in mind, cost of ownership ≠ purchase price. A $35k EV could easily be less expensive than a $25k ICEV.
There is a used market for EV's and within a few years (no time really) they will be cheap ....but, its mostly about the huge cost to the environment and death and disease caused by ICE cars that are important to their demise
James Humphrey ok internal combustion engines have a carbon footprint, what does making batteries and electricity do? Same thing yeah!
I’m definitely no expert but unless it’s hydrogen fuel we’re going to continue f#ckin up this world.
Just trading apples for oranges...
@@jimmysplit7729 There is many things beside Carbon footprint, example NOX values and what not
In Europe most cars have manual gears. That automatic gearshift is “taking over” is purely an US problem
9:27 I always feel stupid when I pronounce things wrong so I thought I'll let you know that it's pronounced "neesh" (borrowed from French and originating from Latin "nidus" for nest. A space where you are safe from enemies/competition, hence also its use in the economic term "niche market").
As a kid I was taught to distinguish motors from engines the same way you described. Even though the two words are really interchangeable, it is a useful contrivance much of the time, though this policy is often violated. For instance, have you see the latest car models being offered by General Engines?
Joe, your usage of the phrase, "ICE engine" is redundant. Internal Combustion Engine engine?
ATM machine, PIN number. It's usually banks that come up with those stupid acronyms that are asking for redundancy.
UMB Bank is a thing too lol. Stands for United Missouri Bank Bank
Yeah redundant acronyms are a funny thing.
I want to hear how you pronounce the letter, "C" without making an "E" sound. The letters I and C together are pronounced as ICE in English. Go ahead and say I and C out loud. IC Do you see? Or more importantly can you hear.
Instant torque!
Pink Shades 100% of motor’s torque at 0 rpm. Can’t be beat.
@@mgmcd1 The big catch is 0% torque at 100% rpm!
@@karellen00 I doubt you will get to 100% before you reach some other safety limit
No sound, no character, no powerband, no vibration, and no interest in these electric soul sucking motors.
Marco Toselli that’s where horsepower comes in. Torque is only good down low.
My issue with electric car is right now there expensive to buy otherwise I love to have an Tesla
While the initial purchase price of EVs are greater than ICE cars, proponents argue the total cost of ownership over the life of the vehicle is less for an EV. This will vary with individual circumstances. If leasing is an option a Tesla might work for you.
Joe will love the way you said "there"
yep 100%, the model 3 is $71k (base model) in Australia.
After 4 years my electric cars is the least expensive car I've owned and it is barely broken in.
The top speed of an electric motor depends on how many poles it has.
Good Show Man, thanks for the videos !
Joe Scott you are a true mvp of youtube! Love your videos.
Engine noise is a big part for the excitement of driving.
The difference is the car guys love everything from the feel, vibrations, and of course the noise of an engine.
Electric cars are sterile, sure they're fast, thrilling and the acceleration is very impressive... But so is jumping off a cliff.
The internal combustion engine isn't just a one trick pony to get the pulse racing. There are lots of elements, from the engineering, the look and of course that noise.
The electric motor is a spinney box of a whine.
That's the biggest draw back of electric motors and electric cars.
Until theyre more than a one trick pony, electric cars just won't blow wind up people's skirts
People don't talk about it cause for electric motor to do this, power draw grows exponentially.
Are you high?
Check out the Magnax AXF350. It's an axial flux permanent magnet motor that produces 1000Nm of peak torque and it's freaking amazing.
One point that I do not hear a lot about is the level of control from the motor controller. I drive an electric forklift and I can move heavy machinery at a rate of inches per minute. It’s just so much more accurate so much easier to control than stepping on that 3rd pedal while revving those propane units. Also same goes for full power lifting at any ground speed. I’ve driven lulls, off road lifts, tri alxles, plows and this little fork lift is my favorite and it is built with 1980s technology lead acid batteries and a simple digital controller. I can’t wait to see what we can do in the future.
A good video. I already knew most of what you said in the video, but never quite thought of them in the context of electric vehicles.
We just need breakthrough in battery technology! Carbon, silicon or whatever and we need that fast! for much higher capacity and charging speed!
No, you are wrong. The 100kWh batteries Tesla uses are more than enough to have NO downside compared to a gasoline car. You can drive any distance and it won’t take longer than in a gasoline car with normal toilet and eat stops.
And electric cars are already stronger and quicker than any gasoline car. The revolution is here. No reason to wait.
@@ChrisPrefect only if you count my sisters time in bathroom of 4 hours...LOL
Hee hee; ...it's time for it to die. Joe, I love you, you crack me up while expanding my brain. Great video, sir!!!😁
For the 95% of the global population who don't use the imperial system; when Joe said that many electric motors are rated to last 1 million miles, that's roughly 1.6 million kilometers.
No one cares.
"Take a magnet."
Me: "K!"
Friend with magnet: "The Hell??"
I love my Volt! And yes, I also always had a manual transmission car up until the Volt. The CVT is so much better than a normal (ICE) automatic transmission, however. It always finds the perfect ratio for the situation. A normal auto sometimes jumps up and down because the best ratio is in-between two of its gears; really annoying climbing a mountain with that. Also, once I go outside of my electric range, the ICE carries me. Very convenient while waiting for the eventual extension of range and charging infrastructure necessary to making the electric vehicle dominant.