I was the guy that asked you what you thought of timescapes on your live show on the 30th. This video is exactly the breakdown that I was looking for. ( I'm sorry your live explanation was great too, especially considering you were put on the spot like that.) While I had somewhat of a degree of understanding of the theory i was trying to explain it to my girlfriend , sister , mother but I didn't have the right words where they were able to understood its implications. This is why good journalists such is yourself are needed in this world. The scientists tend to explain their theories like they're talking to other scientists, even when they try to dumb down the language. You understand that even though your viewership prob tends to lean more towards more educated class , that there are people like me and my family that don't have higher education backrounds tbat still love the cosmos. You explain things in a way that anyone could understand extremely complex topics. Thank you , I am super amped about these promising results, because i'm one of those people that like you said dark energy and dark matter just never felt right to me. But I'm a mere mortal , and maybe not everything has to feel right to be right. Also I had a Celestron Origin myself. Amazing how easy smart telescopes make astrophotography for newbies. I know some of the purists don't like them , but I think they're creating a whole new market for competition with a new user base that will make everything cheaper across the board with competition. Very exciting times. Cheers!!
The accelerating part of an expanding cosmological model. It's an inferred effect. There is no description of what dark energy is composed of nor any direct physical evidence It could go away. It could be replaced with another theoretical explanation it could also be a correct inference. The jury is still out ....
I love how the NASA concept video shows the new chopper hotdoging though the martian landscape, when in reality its going to go up, move laterally for a few hundred yards and land. But hey that doesnt look as exciting. Lol
@@archmage_of_the_aether The senate? I'd expect that the more buzzing amongst people (and corporate investors/startups) you get, the more popular it is for the senators to approve the budget. I could be wrong but based on the crypto and Musk experience I'd expect that the investments and budgets are run on hype of the sheep, not logic.
One of the big "propellent-less propulsion" claims, back in the 90's was James F. Woodward's "transient mass fluctuations" and when you were explaining the mass fluctuation in the metal crystals, that was the first thing that I thought of. You're explanation of timescapes was really good, concise and clear. Thank you.
If you're on desktop, use an ad block. If you're on android, you can get RUclips revanced. On Android tv there is smart tube. I believe there are alternatives on Samsung and LG tv as well. I'm not sure of any way to bypass the ads on iPhone or iPad though, sadly. Cheers
congrats on the independence road map. at first glance, the solar panel shape and location on the mars chopper render seems like a engineering horror film, looking forward to the reasoning - what could possibly be the trade off for less prop disk area, corner buffeting, and the additional rotational inertia
I feel like Ingenuity truly was a breakthrough mission. Sure it was theoretically possible to fly on Mars, but until you actually do it it's just a hypothesis. Now that hypothesis has been tested and proven to be true. And Ingenuity was WAY more successful than it had any right to be. Valuable lessons learned from it, and valuable science gained. Well worth every cent spent on it!
NASA has a history of under promising and over delivering on Mars missions, with good reason. With the solar rovers they had no idea that the solar panels would be cleaned by wind. They were ground breaking in the same way as Inginuity. Before that the Russians had failed multiple times.
So, if dark energy isn't real, does that mean that the whole idea that other galaxies will eventually fall over the 'Hubble horizon' and be forever lost to us is also not true?
My understanding is that timescapes explains the observed acceleration of the universe’s expansion (and inconsistencies in the measured rate) but does not eliminate expansion altogether. I think even without the acceleration you get to a point where the distance is large enough to preserve the horizon effect assuming the universe is infinite.
@@MicroMandalorian my understanding is that if dark energy isn't a thing and the expansion isn't accelerating then it must be slowing and if that's the case then the horizon where information can never reach must be getting bigger over time, encompassing more volume, so stuff we have access too now will get farther away but will never be fully unreachable.
@@theCodyReeder Why does the expansion have to be slowing if it isn’t accelerating? It could have a constant rate and still create an information horizon. The expansion happens everywhere so over enough distance the cumulative expansion exceeds the speed of light. At 97 km/s/Mpc our horizon shrinks to 10 billion light-years. The distances are so large that small changes to the rate of expansion add up to big changes in the total amount of expansion. If you use a smaller number for the distance and work backwards you can see how distance dominates the equation. To create an information horizon where we could never see the andromeda galaxy, your rate of expansion would need to be 384,615 km/s/Mpc. Since the distance to Andromeda is less than a mega parsec away your value for the acceleration itself has to be faster than the speed of light.
The good thing about this resolution of the Hubble Tension is that we throw away a thing that we don't know what it is and can't observe and replace it with time dilation, which is well tested and understood. I will not shed a tear if this becomes the accepted explanation. Making that determination will take people with a lot more imagination and brain power than I have at my disposal. Go cosmologists! Go astronomers and science people!
There is a lot i don't understand how it works or why, but dark energy and dark mass never made sense to me at all. Invisible mass? Ummm no. The explanation never made sense. Like I know I'll make this up since I have no idea what's going on.
I'm a professional physical chemist, and in my field we called these differences in measurements to be "adjusted" by invoking a Finagle Variable Constant. In other words, coming up with a concept such as dark energy is a similar, very hand-wavy attempt to simply say "WE DON'T REALLY KNOW!"
i think it's a mistake to send a bigger 'chopper' to Mars. Instead, they should have more small copters. a fleet of them, scanning ahead for the next rover.
Drones are more efficient the bigger they are for flight but even for the need of keeping itsself warm. Being bigger also allows for experiments it couldnt carry otherwise. Although it would definitely be useful to also have scouts
Drones will also avoid the slow lumbering speeds of the ground-bound rover. We’ve watched the rovers over many years take a LONG time to traverse a few hundred meters. They’ve also been limited in where they can travel due to rough terrain. I’d love to see a combination of a larger flying vehicle with all of the instruments and perhaps 6 or 8 scout sized ones as well!
Thank you Fraser. Happy new year. Once again, to reiterate, I didn't quite think of this exact idea myself, I am not going to claim that, but I did look at the Lamda CDM theory and shake my head and say "That can't be right." and said things we think of as CONSTANT, are not. Like Time. Time is messing with us here. That and the fact I can't get my head around where or how they calculate how much Energy there is in the universe, and then work out how 4% of it is normal (barionic) matter and 26% is Dark Matter and so the remaining 60% of everything is Dark Energy. I cannot for the f-kin life of me figure out where you get this figure for Total Energy. You guys have pistol duels and court cases over things that are sigma 5 or sigma 6 deviations, that are correct to 87 decimal places, but you take this derived figure and work with it like you've counted the exact number of electrons in the Milky Way or something. It's Bistro Math. (See The Hitchhiker's Guide.) See Pre-Calculus 101 about the concept of Limits. You're trying to do a calculation on the number of angels on the head of catholic priest, or the number of fairies at the bottom of his garden.
Timescapes could mean the expansion is slowing down, and a big crunch will happen eventually. We might just make it to the great attractor. So many cool things like how slow was time during the cosmic dark ages. Very cool to think about.
With a big crunch we should have a good chance to escape the eventual crunching, somehow, and simply wait for the big re-bounce to colony a brand new universe, depending on the laws of nature is identical
I'm not sure how we would escape the big crunch? If all matter is condensed like how we think the big bang was, we would have to not be in our universe.@@doncarlodivargas5497
If it was slowing down then the time dilation would amplify the slowing in empty space so i think we'd see that. I think steady growth is the only way this works with the time dilation making it seem like its accelerating when its just that we are in a different reference frame
"Dark Energy" and the "Hubble Tension" are two separate problems, though they could both be explained by a single new cosmic model (e.g. "timescape"). The results by Wiltshire's group are exciting, but the timescape model needs to be very thoroughly examined both theoretically and empirically.
Regarding time dilation/dark energy: let's say this is in fact true. Now, my understanding is that time dilation will shift photon freqency. If you're looking at very distant objects, will those objects be exhibiting more/less of a given freqency than expected, based on time dilation?
What can you imagine we could do with the constant temperature of 63° F on the moon in the lava tubes. You know plants can grow and fruit at that temperature.
In any discussion of Unified Theories, Gravity, Electromagnetism, and the Strong & Weak Nuclear Forces are taken as the four fundamental forces of nature; the first two are part of our everyday, *macroscopic* experiences. It's curious that Electromagnetism has been generally excluded from Cosmology. It makes sense to use *all* of the tools in the toolbox. "Magnetohydrodynamics & Plasma Physics" is discussed in Chapter 10 of Jackson's "Classical Electrodynamics" (2nd edition). Revisiting the concepts in "Cosmical Electrodynamics" by Alfvén & Fälthammar, and "Physics of the Plasma Universe" by Peratt deserves attention, especially in light of contemporary observations from JWST and other observatories.
EM explains pretty much nothing at cosmological scales. That is why it is ignored. Where it is relevant it is not ignored. And people who understand it know where it is relevant and where it isn't. It only seems to be people with no idea about EM and plasma physics who think it is ignored.
@davejones7632 Yet you show up every week to bad mouth people, clearly and concisely explaining how we live in an Electric Universe. This week try tuning in with the sound on.
@@raycar1165 No such thing as 'electric universe'. And dark energy has precisely zip to do with EM woo. Ditto with dark matter. You have no science. It is that simple.
@@raycar1165 _"clearly and concisely explaining how we live in an Electric Universe."_ Where did that happen? _"This week try tuning in with the sound on."_ There was nothing in this video about electric universe nonsense.
@@douglasstrother6584 Marc Andreessen’s mind is blown at meeting with the government. Physics goes dark. ruclips.net/user/shortsrulGP9cqS4w?si=4WzhdcaTQK4t9KY4
6 rotors and 36 propeller blades, all of which have to be intact for the chopper to operate, sounds like a lot of potential failure points. I would love to hear how they're preparing for blade-out scenarios, maybe software to compensate for different thrust per rotor and a new kind of axle that can handle a wobbly center of mass.
Why do the still put the solar panels over the rotors? I could understand this on the first copter, but on the new renders they have space for them in the middle. This way it negatively affects the airflow, which is already critical on Mars. Does anyone know the reason??
Your all confusing relativity with creepy👻dark👻 energy.... The perspective from Earth is proportionally insignificant with all the places that tennis balls might have been lost in the Universe..😂
Of course when a meteor shower comes I get a sudden week long forecast of snow. We just had weeks of clear weather!! Oh well, at least I got to see jupiter a bunch.
Dark Energy possibly an illusion. Electrons showing they have mass in a specific situation. A new speed record for manmade objects. This is a good episode.
@@AstroTommy66 Thank you Mr. Obvious. I did not imply that youtube was the source, I noted quite clearly that both could be found on youtube. It was just a silly comment to help a video I liked.
Hi Fraser! Why do they not include some form of compressed air to blow off the solar panels of the various mars rovers? It seems like something that would be reasonably easy to implement, and could increase the life span of these missions.
I think mass is a constant issue with nasa.Having said that,i've always thought that adding a tiny piezoelectric speaker to your solar panel,would be a fair investment. The 2D standing waves force the dust to accumulate at the antinodes(nodes?)of the panel and the panel would be up to 90% clean indefinitely.You just give it a quick burst,every time required.Trivial thing to calculate the oscillator frequency required and hand it off to an amplifier digital switch combo for various panels. Small increase in mass,for indefinitely clean panels. The fly in the ointment maybe to do with the stickiness of marsian dust,i don't know that information. Nasa engineers are damned smart guys,if we can think of a certain solution,they could tell you 3 ways from Sunday why it won't fly!
That's been well covered by Scott Manley and Fraser. The dust is incredibly sticky and just blowing it will not help that much versus the weight and issues of trying to put on blowers. Of course if you had two of the choppers maybe you could blow off a bit of the dust. Anyway you can search past episodes. They are not dumb. It's just never with the trade off for the expected life span of the missions for the non nuclear devices
@@longboardfella5306 I just found Fraser ~6 months ago and haven't seen everything he/the team have put out, so that's fair. I *just* started watching Scott as well. I figured they're not _dumb_! lol They just seem to underestimate the lifespan of their missions to the point where it seems like investing effort in to this would make sense at this point. The stickiness of the dust is not something I considered, however, so I could see how it might not be worth it because of that. Thanks for the response!
Replacing square solar panels on top of mars chopper with round solar panels would probably increase lift and certainly reduce oscillation of stress on rotary wings leading to mechanical wear out and risk of eventual breaking.
curious - would displaying text on the universe today website in an unusual way stop google from easily plagiarizing your content? possibly with a combination simple Caesar cipher and a corresponding custom font making the difference unnoticeable to human readers but unreadable to machine learning. maybe not the best idea if you also want to appear in be listed in relevant search results but may be useful for some content
If the timescape model is correct, what would that mean for the long term future of the universe? Will it still result in a Big Freeze, and would it change the time scale?
The time dilation theory can bring more information and perspective to the effects of time,energy, and mass on space time itself. With the massless vs mass having particle experiments they're going to figure out how to move through the galaxy faster than light by bring able to turn large massive structures massless. I can't wait to see that
How often do you update the interplanetary researchers Patreon Name List? Been part of it for a couple Months now.. and still haven't seen my name on it... not a huge deal just curious.
I think the linear expansion of the universe would in it self cause a time dilation effect that explains the discrepancy between the expected redshift for a linear expansion and the observed
Honestly this makes alot more sense then dark energy. If matter warps spacetime it would make sense time runs differently in regions of space across time. So yeeeey big crunch ahead🎉😂
It doesn't just make sense. It's universally accepted and undisputed in physics and astronomy. The weird part about this whole story is that it sounds like this fundamental fact has been ignored for the last 30 years. (Which surely can't be true. That must be confusion on part of the journalists reporting on it.)
@@Yora21the issue was assuming that the universe was homogeneous on average. which is an assumton base on a lack of complete data. it also a tendency of trying to simplify the math to make it elegante. the universe is under no obligation to make our job simple.
I would have liked a better explanation for the one direction massive particles. If I drive fast on a road and then have to slow down off-road, I dont have more and less mass, I just have more resistance one way. But I guess it is less of a headline to say that a lower resistance path is created rather than claiming a quasiparticle has varying mass.
This is huge I never liked “dark energy” and I generally like dark stuff but dark energy always felt cheesy and nonsensical. At another hand time delations and their effect makes so much sense but it is so hard on our intuition!
It's kinda a shame that they didn't include an auto-repair station on the rover, that was capable of replacing damaged wings on the chopper. I mean, the chopper was originally housed on the Rover, so all it would take is a way to ensure that the chopper could land precisely on that spot again, or could be deposited there, by an arm from the rover. Then all it would take is a dedicated arm that could remove the bolt affixing the blades and then replace the blades. It seems like it would be an easy thing to automate on Earth, but would probably require a team of engineers to ensure it would work on Mars...
If you hold up a glass of water and have someone standing accross from you as you hold out the water you will see the person on the other side of the other glass. The shape of the glass combined with water makes a kind of magnifying glass and if the other person walks away the imigine of the person through the glass disappears quickly into a tiny spot and i believe this is what we see as we look through space. Space is curved like a round glass has curves and space behaves like water so similar effect? We see things through a lense of illusion as it was written.
I can see it for type 1A supernovae, but how would the timescapes hypothesis explain rotation rates of galaxies? Or is that simply for dark energy by itself and not for dark matter?
I personally think that actually how space/time works is probably quite different from what we have decided how. Problem with us humans is that we use our imperfect tools like maths/physics to answer questions that we cannot run experiments on (to get solid understanding), our science is about observation and then generalization (laws/theorems).It is the best we can do with our limited knowledge. We add additional constants and assume stuff to create these models (that explain what we observe) that give us our imperfect universe as perfect mathematical equations. I personally believe in future, we might have a different fundamental model and we might not have the dark energies/matter. And it might again be flawed since its a guessing game with a flawed tool.
@@wewillworld522 Read: The Big Bang Never Happened: A Startling Refutation of the Dominant Theory of the Origin of the Universe And Seeing Red: Redshifts, Cosmology and Academic Science
Since the first time I heard about "Dark Energy," I always thought it was a really silly idea. Like, why would everything just stop moving away from everything else since the big bang? It's just still "big bangin'" it's not like everything just stopped and needs some mysterious force to push it apart.
@notgreg123 yeh, no that's not how physics work ... If motor fail no matter how many blades it has and balance is off, which means other motors need to work harder to balance it. One fail is all it takes and making 6 motors faail proof is 6x harder to achieve. But as long they have taxpayer money to burn they will do it
@@lurker668 so just make the other motors work harder to compensate? Surely it wouldn't be that difficult even if it shortened the lifespan of the rest of them
Postulating the existence of Dark Matter & Dark Energy but ignoring Electromagnetism reminds me of the Sydney Harris "... then a miracle occurs." cartoon.
Astrophotographer Eard Slowick captured stunning images of the 88 constellations, showcasing the beauty of the night sky from various dark locations worldwide. These images offer a unique 3D perspective.
While I have no idea if it explains dark energy, taking the time dilation into account seems like an obvious thing that should have been taken into account. Especially after the conflicting values were measured. After hearing for years that everything was being checked and rechecked, I am very disappointed that no one checked if this modified the results enough to matter. I.e. when you get unexpected results you should always double check all of your assumptions. Edit: matter => energy. Oops, I know the difference 😟.
I really am confused how this slipped past them. Another recent head scratcher was the magnetar and hydrogen cloud as a source for the wow signal. All of a sudden it is “solved!!” when this was always the leading hypothesis and the data to confirm it was just sort of sitting there unexamined.
@@johnbennett1465 I thought of the time dilation early on when I first heard of dark energy. But I figured that the Eggheads would have thought of that already.
@@AnthonyMorris-e3c Time dilation? You mean light dilation / path / lensing? You're all brainwashed if you think "time" is anything more than an abstract word, it's not a thing.
@@edwardbeksinski5810it’s part of a larger conspiracy. Yeah I know how that sounds, but it’s true. Nothing slipped past anyone, the non-science theories are stated as facts to keep the technology that comes from it secret. The real science starts with classified plasma physics. When it was discovered they decided that we’re to dumb at 2.5 billion people and we would destroy ourselves with it. So it was hidden, science was lead astray bringing us to a crisis in cosmology, a science that can’t predict and countless men and women whose lives and careers were destroyed. Now at 8.5 billion people a couple of us have put the puzzle together and are telling anyone who wants to listen. Hopefully we can make peace on earth and end the destruction on humanity. Much ❤ Love 🌎🌏🌍☯️⚡️ Terra 🌞 Pax Welcome to your Electric Universe.
The data on cosmological voids wasn't available at the time dark energy was first proposed. This is a process of discovery. Of course the initial guesses were partly fabrications. That's why we have to go find better answers!
Hey Fraser! I have a question burning a hole in my skull and I think you have the cure. What would theoretically happen to an object if it were able to achieve a true state of rest relative to the motion of everything else in the universe?
Wasn’t the vast majority of stuff in the universe supposed to be dark energy? So time dilation may wipe out the majority of the universe? I know it would not be literally wiping it out cause if so it never existed. Still that would be some major time dilation. Also would it wipe out the dark energy or just wipe out part of it? Cause it would seem that universe is expanding now and has been expanding its whole existence and dark energy us responsible for that, right? I know they say vacuum pressure is reason for expansion and vacuum pressure is due to virtual particles popping into and out of existence. So I had been curious before but never asked how vacuum pressure due to virtual particles could be considered dark energy?
The problem with QM and QFT predictions of vacuum energy is it's way too high. The measured amount of vacuum energy is much smaller. There's a huge discrepancy between QM predictions and observation. It's known as the "vacuum catastrophe" or "cosmological constant problem".
Could you guys help me with something? This new time dilation theory as applied to dark energy and the dense parts of the cosmic web - are they saying that galaxies or areas of space that are denser and have more gravitational spacetime influence are making TIME move at a different rate than the rest of the Universe? Would this be akin to time being affected the closer you get to a Black Hole? Are these regions of space acting like giant black holes on a galaxy size level? Would that mean the light coming from the galaxies would appear older relative to us because the "Time" in those galaxies is moving at a different relative speed? Would that mean that some parts or pockets of the universe are actually older than others? Am I understanding that correctly?
Age and time are not linear. Our timeline started around the founding of Egypt by Ptah. Egypt is an Ancient Greek corruption of ‘Het Ka Ptah”. This was approximately 1000 years after the pole shift ‘Great flood’. We cannot measure the time of this universe because the physical appeared much later than the universe itself. This universe is accelerating as more energy is added to expand it. The physical particles bear no relevance to the expansion. We can’t accurately measure by light as light was made long after the physical began. And the physical cannot exist if it weren’t for the ethereal universe existing outside of the physical. We can’t accurately measure a beach by only searching for 1 grain of sand.
Time moves slower whenever you are close to a mass that causes gravity. The strength of gravity goes down as you move away from the source, but it never disappears or stops. A planet, a star, a supermassive black hole, and entire galaxies have gravity, and as such they slow down time when you get near them. In the empty space between stars, gravity is much slower than when you are close to a star, so time there moves slightly faster. And in the empty space between galaxies, gravity is weaker than inside galaxies, and so time moves slightly faster there as well. The difference in the speed at which time moves is tiny. But the spaces between galaxies are absolutely massive, and light from very distant sources spends a lot of time moving through these empty spaces before it can be seen on Earth. A beam of light that mostly travels through intergalactic voids will experience time differently than a beam of light that moves close to several large galaxies. And as a consequence, you get different results for how far the sources of the two light beams are from Earth, even if they are actually the same distance away. And since you can't see a very faint galaxy that is behind a much brighter nearby galaxy, I assume that all the measurements we have for very distant galaxies, are taken from galaxies whose light beams have only travelled through empty voids. Which leads to skewed results.
I was the guy that asked you what you thought of timescapes on your live show on the 30th.
This video is exactly the breakdown that I was looking for.
( I'm sorry your live explanation was great too, especially considering you were put on the spot like that.)
While I had somewhat of a degree of understanding of the theory i was trying to explain it to my girlfriend , sister , mother but I didn't have the right words where they were able to understood its implications.
This is why good journalists such is yourself are needed in this world. The scientists tend to explain their theories like they're talking to other scientists, even when they try to dumb down the language.
You understand that even though your viewership prob tends to lean more towards more educated class , that there are people like me and my family that don't have higher education backrounds tbat still love the cosmos.
You explain things in a way that anyone could understand extremely complex topics.
Thank you , I am super amped about these promising results, because i'm one of those people that like you said dark energy and dark matter just never felt right to me.
But I'm a mere mortal , and maybe not everything has to feel right to be right.
Also I had a Celestron Origin myself.
Amazing how easy smart telescopes make astrophotography for newbies.
I know some of the purists don't like them , but I think they're creating a whole new market for competition with a new user base that will make everything cheaper across the board with competition.
Very exciting times.
Cheers!!
Dark energy mystery solved?! That'd be huge!
Thanks a lot for the clear and elaborate explanation on this!
I wouldn't shed a tear if dark energy went the way of the dodo. It's always struck me as a far-fetched explanation for all the red shift.
The accelerating part of an expanding cosmological model.
It's an inferred effect. There is no description of what dark energy is composed of nor any direct physical evidence
It could go away. It could be replaced with another theoretical explanation it could also be a correct inference. The jury is still out ....
@PetraKann you meant to say dark energy, not dark matter, right?
Same, I have always hated dark energy. The universe would be a much better place without it.
@@meanderinoranges corrected -cheers mate (surprised that anyone bothers to read my comments 🙂)
I agree. Same with dark matter
I love how the NASA concept video shows the new chopper hotdoging though the martian landscape, when in reality its going to go up, move laterally for a few hundred yards and land. But hey that doesnt look as exciting. Lol
Gonna take you right into the Danger Zone!!
If it boosts interest and funding.
@@infinitemonkey917videos like this boost funding from whom?
@@archmage_of_the_aether The senate?
I'd expect that the more buzzing amongst people (and corporate investors/startups) you get, the more popular it is for the senators to approve the budget.
I could be wrong but based on the crypto and Musk experience I'd expect that the investments and budgets are run on hype of the sheep, not logic.
@@infinitemonkey917 Honesty is the best policy.
One of the big "propellent-less propulsion" claims, back in the 90's was James F. Woodward's "transient mass fluctuations" and when you were explaining the mass fluctuation in the metal crystals, that was the first thing that I thought of. You're explanation of timescapes was really good, concise and clear. Thank you.
News that there is a particle that has mass in one direction but not the other is huge.
It allows for an engine that doesn't expel propellant.
I don’t blame you! I love your videos and I HATE RUclips for all the ads that popup! Thanks for the content Fraser!
If you're on desktop, use an ad block. If you're on android, you can get RUclips revanced. On Android tv there is smart tube. I believe there are alternatives on Samsung and LG tv as well. I'm not sure of any way to bypass the ads on iPhone or iPad though, sadly. Cheers
You can watch all Fraser's videos on Patreon with no ads. It's available on a free tier
7:22 uh huh, i see what you did there.
Good eye, was looking for someone else who noticed.
congrats on the independence road map.
at first glance, the solar panel shape and location on the mars chopper render seems like a engineering horror film, looking forward to the reasoning - what could possibly be the trade off for less prop disk area, corner buffeting, and the additional rotational inertia
I feel like Ingenuity truly was a breakthrough mission. Sure it was theoretically possible to fly on Mars, but until you actually do it it's just a hypothesis. Now that hypothesis has been tested and proven to be true. And Ingenuity was WAY more successful than it had any right to be. Valuable lessons learned from it, and valuable science gained. Well worth every cent spent on it!
NASA has a history of under promising and over delivering on Mars missions, with good reason. With the solar rovers they had no idea that the solar panels would be cleaned by wind. They were ground breaking in the same way as Inginuity.
Before that the Russians had failed multiple times.
All hail the Parker Solar Probe!👍
So, if dark energy isn't real, does that mean that the whole idea that other galaxies will eventually fall over the 'Hubble horizon' and be forever lost to us is also not true?
No, you still get that with regular expansion. It would just take longer.
That's not making sense to me, can you explain how that's possible? @@frasercain
My understanding is that timescapes explains the observed acceleration of the universe’s expansion (and inconsistencies in the measured rate) but does not eliminate expansion altogether. I think even without the acceleration you get to a point where the distance is large enough to preserve the horizon effect assuming the universe is infinite.
@@MicroMandalorian my understanding is that if dark energy isn't a thing and the expansion isn't accelerating then it must be slowing and if that's the case then the horizon where information can never reach must be getting bigger over time, encompassing more volume, so stuff we have access too now will get farther away but will never be fully unreachable.
@@theCodyReeder Why does the expansion have to be slowing if it isn’t accelerating? It could have a constant rate and still create an information horizon. The expansion happens everywhere so over enough distance the cumulative expansion exceeds the speed of light. At 97 km/s/Mpc our horizon shrinks to 10 billion light-years. The distances are so large that small changes to the rate of expansion add up to big changes in the total amount of expansion. If you use a smaller number for the distance and work backwards you can see how distance dominates the equation. To create an information horizon where we could never see the andromeda galaxy, your rate of expansion would need to be 384,615 km/s/Mpc. Since the distance to Andromeda is less than a mega parsec away your value for the acceleration itself has to be faster than the speed of light.
Thanks for all the news, Fraser! 😊
Happy new year!
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
The good thing about this resolution of the Hubble Tension is that we throw away a thing that we don't know what it is and can't observe and replace it with time dilation, which is well tested and understood. I will not shed a tear if this becomes the accepted explanation. Making that determination will take people with a lot more imagination and brain power than I have at my disposal. Go cosmologists! Go astronomers and science people!
Dark energy was always just a placeholder for "something we don't now what it is yet".
There is a lot i don't understand how it works or why, but dark energy and dark mass never made sense to me at all. Invisible mass? Ummm no. The explanation never made sense. Like I know I'll make this up since I have no idea what's going on.
I was never a big fan of the dark energy concept. Glad to hear things start crumbling...
That's the best explanation of dark energy I've heard yet.
Greetings from the Big Sky of Montana.
I'm a professional physical chemist, and in my field we called these differences in measurements to be "adjusted" by invoking a Finagle Variable Constant. In other words, coming up with a concept such as dark energy is a similar, very hand-wavy attempt to simply say "WE DON'T REALLY KNOW!"
I'm so glad you made the "GET TO THE CHOPPAH!" reference so I don't have to. :P
-Whose UAV is this?
-It's a chopper, baby.
-Whose chopper is this?
-It's a mars chopper, baby.
-Who's mars?
-Mars is a dead planet baby, mars is dead.
On Mars they don't call it a quarter pounder
@@robertanderson5092 well, with only 40% gravity, a quarter-pounder on mars would actually be a 5/8th-pounder in eaths terms.
If it is, this is a major discovery. Our understanding of the universe will grow immensely.
Fraser happy new year for all the team and hope you manage to become a high quality independent space news agency! Best wishes!
Enjoyed your Knowledgeable episode ❤
Great job in this, Fraser. Excellent explanation of the dark energy, and overall good pace, and easy to understand stories. We appreciate you!
i think it's a mistake to send a bigger 'chopper' to Mars. Instead, they should have more small copters. a fleet of them, scanning ahead for the next rover.
Drones are more efficient the bigger they are for flight but even for the need of keeping itsself warm. Being bigger also allows for experiments it couldnt carry otherwise. Although it would definitely be useful to also have scouts
Drones will also avoid the slow lumbering speeds of the ground-bound rover. We’ve watched the rovers over many years take a LONG time to traverse a few hundred meters. They’ve also been limited in where they can travel due to rough terrain. I’d love to see a combination of a larger flying vehicle with all of the instruments and perhaps 6 or 8 scout sized ones as well!
Agree. And what if one of the 6 rotors fail? Better with several independent drones to mitigate risks.
@@mbj__ i think it still fly
Thanks for the update 🙂
Imagine working on Dark energy research for almost 30 years only to be told it was all a waste of time
Imagine being convinced it was bogus and spending 30 years calling everyone idiots.
Imagine winning a nobel for being wrong and dumb... oops that happens alot.
It was theory that not many believeed anyway. I mean it had no sense and was just made up imaginary theory. What to work on ? Imagination ?
For fairness sake the goal of doing that research was to either prove or reject the hypothesis of DE. Still funny tho. XD
OUCH!
Thank you Fraser. Happy new year.
Once again, to reiterate, I didn't quite think of this exact idea myself, I am not going to claim that, but I did look at the Lamda CDM theory and shake my head and say "That can't be right." and said things we think of as CONSTANT, are not. Like Time. Time is messing with us here.
That and the fact I can't get my head around where or how they calculate how much Energy there is in the universe, and then work out how 4% of it is normal (barionic) matter and 26% is Dark Matter and so the remaining 60% of everything is Dark Energy. I cannot for the f-kin life of me figure out where you get this figure for Total Energy. You guys have pistol duels and court cases over things that are sigma 5 or sigma 6 deviations, that are correct to 87 decimal places, but you take this derived figure and work with it like you've counted the exact number of electrons in the Milky Way or something. It's Bistro Math. (See The Hitchhiker's Guide.)
See Pre-Calculus 101 about the concept of Limits. You're trying to do a calculation on the number of angels on the head of catholic priest, or the number of fairies at the bottom of his garden.
The Electric Universe model takes all aspects of science into account, in its cosmology.
You would probably do well there.
Timescapes could mean the expansion is slowing down, and a big crunch will happen eventually. We might just make it to the great attractor. So many cool things like how slow was time during the cosmic dark ages. Very cool to think about.
With a big crunch we should have a good chance to escape the eventual crunching, somehow, and simply wait for the big re-bounce to colony a brand new universe, depending on the laws of nature is identical
I'm not sure how we would escape the big crunch?
If all matter is condensed like how we think the big bang was, we would have to not be in our universe.@@doncarlodivargas5497
If it was slowing down then the time dilation would amplify the slowing in empty space so i think we'd see that. I think steady growth is the only way this works with the time dilation making it seem like its accelerating when its just that we are in a different reference frame
"Dark Energy" and the "Hubble Tension" are two separate problems, though they could both be explained by a single new cosmic model (e.g. "timescape"). The results by Wiltshire's group are exciting, but the timescape model needs to be very thoroughly examined both theoretically and empirically.
It's not time that changes, time is an illusion. It is a concept we use to describe the velocity of light. What dilates light? Gravity.
Regarding time dilation/dark energy: let's say this is in fact true. Now, my understanding is that time dilation will shift photon freqency. If you're looking at very distant objects, will those objects be exhibiting more/less of a given freqency than expected, based on time dilation?
What can you imagine we could do with the constant temperature of 63° F on the moon in the lava tubes. You know plants can grow and fruit at that temperature.
C, F, or K?
@@Yora21 (17º C) 63º F
MAYBE DARK ENERGY IS GRAVITY WE JUST SIMPLY MISLABELED IT
13:50 Spaceballs!
In any discussion of Unified Theories, Gravity, Electromagnetism, and the Strong & Weak Nuclear Forces are taken as the four fundamental forces of nature; the first two are part of our everyday, *macroscopic* experiences. It's curious that Electromagnetism has been generally excluded from Cosmology.
It makes sense to use *all* of the tools in the toolbox.
"Magnetohydrodynamics & Plasma Physics" is discussed in Chapter 10 of Jackson's "Classical Electrodynamics" (2nd edition). Revisiting the concepts in "Cosmical Electrodynamics" by Alfvén & Fälthammar, and "Physics of the Plasma Universe" by Peratt deserves attention, especially in light of contemporary observations from JWST and other observatories.
EM explains pretty much nothing at cosmological scales. That is why it is ignored. Where it is relevant it is not ignored. And people who understand it know where it is relevant and where it isn't. It only seems to be people with no idea about EM and plasma physics who think it is ignored.
@davejones7632 Yet you show up every week to bad mouth people, clearly and concisely explaining how we live in an Electric Universe.
This week try tuning in with the sound on.
@@raycar1165 No such thing as 'electric universe'. And dark energy has precisely zip to do with EM woo. Ditto with dark matter. You have no science. It is that simple.
@@raycar1165 _"clearly and concisely explaining how we live in an Electric Universe."_
Where did that happen?
_"This week try tuning in with the sound on."_
There was nothing in this video about electric universe nonsense.
@@douglasstrother6584
Marc Andreessen’s mind is blown at meeting with the government. Physics goes dark.
ruclips.net/user/shortsrulGP9cqS4w?si=4WzhdcaTQK4t9KY4
Does the Timescapes idea put the Big Crunch ahead of other models as far as the fate of the universe is concerned?
A particles that has mass in one direction but not in the opposite direction? Sounds like a space propulsion , with reusable mass reaction.
No because energy also has inertia
thanks
I see the particles moving in 2 directions. Which is the mass direction and which is the massless direction? 8:59
"Mr. Hammond? The drones are working."
"Are the Mars rovers all right?"
"The Mars rovers are fine. Call NASA. Tell them to send the damn helicopters."
6 rotors and 36 propeller blades, all of which have to be intact for the chopper to operate, sounds like a lot of potential failure points. I would love to hear how they're preparing for blade-out scenarios, maybe software to compensate for different thrust per rotor and a new kind of axle that can handle a wobbly center of mass.
Why do the still put the solar panels over the rotors?
I could understand this on the first copter, but on the new renders they have space for them in the middle. This way it negatively affects the airflow, which is already critical on Mars. Does anyone know the reason??
What are the blank white spaces at 8:41? Where are the quasiparticles? Are they the dashes?
Excellent
If we switch off now for a complete system reset, what do we plug it into afterwards?
I searched for dark energy. The closets, the backyard shed, under my bed, and other places. Never came across any dark energy.
@@jim2376 cinetic momentum…
Kinda wondering if it's Dark Energy taking our good socks we Know we put in the dryer.
Check the basement, it's usually dark down there.
Your all confusing relativity with creepy👻dark👻 energy....
The perspective from Earth is proportionally insignificant with all the places that tennis balls might have been lost in the Universe..😂
You haven't met my dog @@darthex0 . He's never lost a 🤫 ball yet.
So, those directional particles, is that how the E. M. engine works?
I'm glad this notion is getting some robust examination. I've never been satisfied with the new medieval theory of Aether.
14:53
What's the thing that exploded on the left of the image in the time-lapse? 🤔
A meteor. It's visible for only one frame, and then you have the cloud of evaporated material lit up by light from the sun over the horizon.
@@Yora21 Pretty sweet that got caught in the film :)
Of course when a meteor shower comes I get a sudden week long forecast of snow. We just had weeks of clear weather!! Oh well, at least I got to see jupiter a bunch.
Dark Energy possibly an illusion.
Electrons showing they have mass in a specific situation.
A new speed record for manmade objects.
This is a good episode.
RUclips - where one can find the latest on leading edge discoveries and advancements. Also on youtube - the Earth is flat.
Also on RUclips - the hidden science they didn’t want you to know about.
RUclips is a platform, it’s not a source… but why do people always associate RUclips as the source of the info presented 🤦♂️
@@AstroTommy66 Thank you Mr. Obvious. I did not imply that youtube was the source, I noted quite clearly that both could be found on youtube. It was just a silly comment to help a video I liked.
Hi Fraser! Why do they not include some form of compressed air to blow off the solar panels of the various mars rovers? It seems like something that would be reasonably easy to implement, and could increase the life span of these missions.
I was also disappointed in the location of the solar panel on that "chopper". They learned nothing.
I think mass is a constant issue with nasa.Having said that,i've always thought that adding a tiny piezoelectric speaker to your solar panel,would be a fair investment.
The 2D standing waves force the dust to accumulate at the antinodes(nodes?)of the panel and the panel would be up to 90% clean indefinitely.You just give it a quick burst,every time required.Trivial thing to calculate the oscillator frequency required and hand it off to an amplifier digital switch combo for various panels.
Small increase in mass,for indefinitely clean panels.
The fly in the ointment maybe to do with the stickiness of marsian dust,i don't know that information.
Nasa engineers are damned smart guys,if we can think of a certain solution,they could tell you 3 ways from Sunday why it won't fly!
That's been well covered by Scott Manley and Fraser. The dust is incredibly sticky and just blowing it will not help that much versus the weight and issues of trying to put on blowers. Of course if you had two of the choppers maybe you could blow off a bit of the dust. Anyway you can search past episodes. They are not dumb. It's just never with the trade off for the expected life span of the missions for the non nuclear devices
@@longboardfella5306 I just found Fraser ~6 months ago and haven't seen everything he/the team have put out, so that's fair. I *just* started watching Scott as well.
I figured they're not _dumb_! lol They just seem to underestimate the lifespan of their missions to the point where it seems like investing effort in to this would make sense at this point. The stickiness of the dust is not something I considered, however, so I could see how it might not be worth it because of that. Thanks for the response!
fast,slow particles sounds like a programming language in the making if it's faster than our current systems!
Replacing square solar panels on top of mars chopper with round solar panels would probably increase lift and certainly reduce oscillation of stress on rotary wings leading to mechanical wear out and risk of eventual breaking.
RUclips makes hard finding channels like this one.
Hi Fraser! Do you mind explaining the Pale Blue dot image? Specifically the weird “band” that the Earth looks like it is sitting in.
It's a lense flare from the sun.
Question, is there away for Mars lander or drones to repel the dust?
I think a device that can harness crystals that only have mass in one direction can probably be used for a different kind of propulsion.
curious - would displaying text on the universe today website in an unusual way stop google from easily plagiarizing your content?
possibly with a combination simple Caesar cipher and a corresponding custom font making the difference unnoticeable to human readers but unreadable to machine learning.
maybe not the best idea if you also want to appear in be listed in relevant search results but may be useful for some content
Finally, common sense in cosmology! Timescape here we go!!
If the timescape model is correct, what would that mean for the long term future of the universe?
Will it still result in a Big Freeze, and would it change the time scale?
The time dilation theory can bring more information and perspective to the effects of time,energy, and mass on space time itself.
With the massless vs mass having particle experiments they're going to figure out how to move through the galaxy faster than light by bring able to turn large massive structures massless. I can't wait to see that
7:22 One Direction 😂
@@kales003 hehe you've read my mind 😉😂
Finally, Spaceballs!!🤣🤣
Oh damn, there goes the asteroid belt.
How often do you update the interplanetary researchers Patreon Name List? Been part of it for a couple Months now.. and still haven't seen my name on it... not a huge deal just curious.
Why is time dilation slower in areas of less density in the universe?
I think the linear expansion of the universe would in it self cause a time dilation effect that explains the discrepancy between the expected redshift for a linear expansion and the observed
Honestly this makes alot more sense then dark energy. If matter warps spacetime it would make sense time runs differently in regions of space across time. So yeeeey big crunch ahead🎉😂
It doesn't just make sense. It's universally accepted and undisputed in physics and astronomy.
The weird part about this whole story is that it sounds like this fundamental fact has been ignored for the last 30 years. (Which surely can't be true. That must be confusion on part of the journalists reporting on it.)
@@Yora21the issue was assuming that the universe was homogeneous on average. which is an assumton base on a lack of complete data. it also a tendency of trying to simplify the math to make it elegante. the universe is under no obligation to make our job simple.
they should send the helicopter to gather samples collected by the perseverance
So the laughing taikonauts can pick them up.
I would have liked a better explanation for the one direction massive particles. If I drive fast on a road and then have to slow down off-road, I dont have more and less mass, I just have more resistance one way. But I guess it is less of a headline to say that a lower resistance path is created rather than claiming a quasiparticle has varying mass.
Any probe on Mars needs some kind of spinning brush mechanism to clean its own solar panels.
I’m rooting for you + your team in 2025!
Does the Parker solar probe have an atomic clock onboard? It would be interesting to measure time dilation that close to the sun.
This is huge I never liked “dark energy” and I generally like dark stuff but dark energy always felt cheesy and nonsensical. At another hand time delations and their effect makes so much sense but it is so hard on our intuition!
It's kinda a shame that they didn't include an auto-repair station on the rover, that was capable of replacing damaged wings on the chopper. I mean, the chopper was originally housed on the Rover, so all it would take is a way to ensure that the chopper could land precisely on that spot again, or could be deposited there, by an arm from the rover. Then all it would take is a dedicated arm that could remove the bolt affixing the blades and then replace the blades.
It seems like it would be an easy thing to automate on Earth, but would probably require a team of engineers to ensure it would work on Mars...
If you hold up a glass of water and have someone standing accross from you as you hold out the water you will see the person on the other side of the other glass. The shape of the glass combined with water makes a kind of magnifying glass and if the other person walks away the imigine of the person through the glass disappears quickly into a tiny spot and i believe this is what we see as we look through space. Space is curved like a round glass has curves and space behaves like water so similar effect? We see things through a lense of illusion as it was written.
9:31 Propulsion without propellent!!!
I can see it for type 1A supernovae, but how would the timescapes hypothesis explain rotation rates of galaxies?
Or is that simply for dark energy by itself and not for dark matter?
Does Fraser have a video or an interview with someone about this new Dark Energy theory? Sounds interesting
Why not protect the rotors with some sort of enclosure?
I personally think that actually how space/time works is probably quite different from what we have decided how.
Problem with us humans is that we use our imperfect tools like maths/physics to answer questions that we cannot run experiments on (to get solid understanding), our science is about observation and then generalization (laws/theorems).It is the best we can do with our limited knowledge. We add additional constants and assume stuff to create these models (that explain what we observe) that give us our imperfect universe as perfect mathematical equations.
I personally believe in future, we might have a different fundamental model and we might not have the dark energies/matter. And it might again be flawed since its a guessing game with a flawed tool.
Dark energy based on flawed assumptions from the start.
This theory is funny but redshift and big bang are not fully complete yet…
@@wewillworld522
Read:
The Big Bang Never Happened: A Startling Refutation of the Dominant Theory of the Origin of the Universe
And
Seeing Red: Redshifts, Cosmology and Academic Science
Since the first time I heard about "Dark Energy," I always thought it was a really silly idea. Like, why would everything just stop moving away from everything else since the big bang? It's just still "big bangin'" it's not like everything just stopped and needs some mysterious force to push it apart.
The more we learn about particle physics, the ideas about the universe being a Matrix-like simulation sound less and less crazy to me.
Mars drone have way too many point of failure. One motor fail and thats it
Not quite, that's why it has 6 of them. Also it looks like it has a bunch of layers of blades so there's plenty of redundancy
@notgreg123 yeh, no that's not how physics work ... If motor fail no matter how many blades it has and balance is off, which means other motors need to work harder to balance it. One fail is all it takes and making 6 motors faail proof is 6x harder to achieve. But as long they have taxpayer money to burn they will do it
@@lurker668 so just make the other motors work harder to compensate? Surely it wouldn't be that difficult even if it shortened the lifespan of the rest of them
How to use that particle? Make whole ship and travel at the speed of light then rematerialize again? Or transporter?
Postulating the existence of Dark Matter & Dark Energy but ignoring Electromagnetism reminds me of the Sydney Harris "... then a miracle occurs." cartoon.
Sorry? What does EM explain? Cut the word salad and tell us where the science is.
@@davejones7632 Dave is an Honors Graduate from the Kamala Harris School of Science: he's an expert at identifying Word Salad.
@@davejones7632 davejones is an Honors Graduate from the Kamala Harris School of Science: he's an expert at identifying Word Salad.
Astrophotographer Eard Slowick captured stunning images of the 88 constellations, showcasing the beauty of the night sky from various dark locations worldwide. These images offer a unique 3D perspective.
While I have no idea if it explains dark energy, taking the time dilation into account seems like an obvious thing that should have been taken into account. Especially after the conflicting values were measured.
After hearing for years that everything was being checked and rechecked, I am very disappointed that no one checked if this modified the results enough to matter. I.e. when you get unexpected results you should always double check all of your assumptions.
Edit: matter => energy. Oops, I know the difference 😟.
I really am confused how this slipped past them.
Another recent head scratcher was the magnetar and hydrogen cloud as a source for the wow signal. All of a sudden it is “solved!!” when this was always the leading hypothesis and the data to confirm it was just sort of sitting there unexamined.
@@johnbennett1465 I thought of the time dilation early on when I first heard of dark energy. But I figured that the Eggheads would have thought of that already.
@@AnthonyMorris-e3c Time dilation? You mean light dilation / path / lensing?
You're all brainwashed if you think "time" is anything more than an abstract word, it's not a thing.
@@edwardbeksinski5810it’s part of a larger conspiracy. Yeah I know how that sounds, but it’s true.
Nothing slipped past anyone, the non-science theories are stated as facts to keep the technology that comes from it secret.
The real science starts with classified plasma physics.
When it was discovered they decided that we’re to dumb at 2.5 billion people and we would destroy ourselves with it. So it was hidden, science was lead astray bringing us to a crisis in cosmology, a science that can’t predict and countless men and women whose lives and careers were destroyed.
Now at 8.5 billion people a couple of us have put the puzzle together and are telling anyone who wants to listen.
Hopefully we can make peace on earth and end the destruction on humanity.
Much ❤ Love
🌎🌏🌍☯️⚡️
Terra 🌞 Pax
Welcome to your Electric Universe.
The data on cosmological voids wasn't available at the time dark energy was first proposed.
This is a process of discovery. Of course the initial guesses were partly fabrications.
That's why we have to go find better answers!
Hey Fraser! I have a question burning a hole in my skull and I think you have the cure.
What would theoretically happen to an object if it were able to achieve a true state of rest relative to the motion of everything else in the universe?
Was the video of this q&a uploaded? Id like to see the response to your question, please? Found this really interesting
Wasn’t the vast majority of stuff in the universe supposed to be dark energy? So time dilation may wipe out the majority of the universe? I know it would not be literally wiping it out cause if so it never existed. Still that would be some major time dilation.
Also would it wipe out the dark energy or just wipe out part of it? Cause it would seem that universe is expanding now and has been expanding its whole existence and dark energy us responsible for that, right? I know they say vacuum pressure is reason for expansion and vacuum pressure is due to virtual particles popping into and out of existence. So I had been curious before but never asked how vacuum pressure due to virtual particles could be considered dark energy?
The problem with QM and QFT predictions of vacuum energy is it's way too high.
The measured amount of vacuum energy is much smaller.
There's a huge discrepancy between QM predictions and observation.
It's known as the "vacuum catastrophe" or "cosmological constant problem".
Could you guys help me with something? This new time dilation theory as applied to dark energy and the dense parts of the cosmic web - are they saying that galaxies or areas of space that are denser and have more gravitational spacetime influence are making TIME move at a different rate than the rest of the Universe? Would this be akin to time being affected the closer you get to a Black Hole? Are these regions of space acting like giant black holes on a galaxy size level?
Would that mean the light coming from the galaxies would appear older relative to us because the "Time" in those galaxies is moving at a different relative speed? Would that mean that some parts or pockets of the universe are actually older than others? Am I understanding that correctly?
Age and time are not linear. Our timeline started around the founding of Egypt by Ptah. Egypt is an Ancient Greek corruption of ‘Het Ka Ptah”. This was approximately 1000 years after the pole shift ‘Great flood’. We cannot measure the time of this universe because the physical appeared much later than the universe itself. This universe is accelerating as more energy is added to expand it. The physical particles bear no relevance to the expansion. We can’t accurately measure by light as light was made long after the physical began. And the physical cannot exist if it weren’t for the ethereal universe existing outside of the physical. We can’t accurately measure a beach by only searching for 1 grain of sand.
That’s what I understand time is slower compared to us in a big galaxie with lots of gravity and time is faster in a void
Time moves slower whenever you are close to a mass that causes gravity. The strength of gravity goes down as you move away from the source, but it never disappears or stops.
A planet, a star, a supermassive black hole, and entire galaxies have gravity, and as such they slow down time when you get near them. In the empty space between stars, gravity is much slower than when you are close to a star, so time there moves slightly faster. And in the empty space between galaxies, gravity is weaker than inside galaxies, and so time moves slightly faster there as well.
The difference in the speed at which time moves is tiny. But the spaces between galaxies are absolutely massive, and light from very distant sources spends a lot of time moving through these empty spaces before it can be seen on Earth. A beam of light that mostly travels through intergalactic voids will experience time differently than a beam of light that moves close to several large galaxies. And as a consequence, you get different results for how far the sources of the two light beams are from Earth, even if they are actually the same distance away.
And since you can't see a very faint galaxy that is behind a much brighter nearby galaxy, I assume that all the measurements we have for very distant galaxies, are taken from galaxies whose light beams have only travelled through empty voids. Which leads to skewed results.
Well. Space and time is emergent properties of interaactions. So if your overall flow is thickening the energy is dimishing, your space expands.
Hi Fraser, thank you for your work! Here is my question; does dark energy show a "flow" of some kind?
a particle that only has mass traveling in one direction might have application in faster than light travel?
Maybe the real dark energy is the friends we made along the way.
I dearly hope more people notice your editors skills. 😂
Anton is fire