Hunga Tonga Volcano Eruption Update; The Tsunami was Higher than First Thought
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- Опубликовано: 23 июл 2024
- The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano in Tonga on January 15th produced a large and destructive tsunami through a new volcanic eruption. This tsunami occurred due to partial edifice collapse, which destroyed the vast majority of the existing island. We now know the size of the explosion which occurred, and it is one of the largest on record. Also, the tsunami waves were much higher than previously reported, especially along the western coastline of Tongatapu. This video will separate fact from fiction, and discuss the eruption, what its true magnitude is, and what might happen next at Hunga Tonga. It is a very famous volcano as it has produced several spectacular island forming eruptions in the 21st century.
This video is protected under “fair use”. If you see an image and/or video which is your own in this video, and/or think my discussion of a scientific paper (and/or discussion/mentioning of the data/information within a scientific paper) does not fall under the fair use doctrine, and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at tccatron@email.asu.edu and I will make the necessary changes.
Volcanic ash advisory center:
vaac.metservice.com/
For information on potential ash advisories of this volcano, select the Wellington center.
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0:00 Hunga Tonga Volcano Erupts
0:24 Tsunami was Higher than Thought
0:55 Size of the Explosion
1:16 Why the Eruption Occurred
2:53 A Very Short Eruption
3:25 Ash Poses a Risk to Health
Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google
Satellite Video/Photo Credit: NOAA, NASA, GOES WEST 17, Public Domain & Japan Meteorological Agency, CC BY 4.0-I
Thumbnail Photo Credit: NOAA, Colorized with Hotspot.ai commercial credits
The tsunami damage was most extreme on the western edge of the island of Tongatapu, and on minor outlying islands closer to the volcano. The topography of Tongatapu decreased the wave height which hit Tonga's capital city. If it had not, damage would have been far worse there. As for the size of the volcanic explosion, it is more powerful than the blast during the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens. However, it is far less energetic than the 1883 Krakatoa blast.
So it's possible that it's a vei 5 than right
Also question
Could you please do a video on the deccan traps volcano or maybe even the corbetti caldera in Africa
It could be a 6
Cause
Best Vulcano news source there is, period. Just cold Facts, no doomsday opinions.
We need more of that in this world...
Yes we do. Also, more people who care about what is knowable and fewer who do not would be good. It could happen here. Or not.
AMEN!
The FACT that the sun now rises and sets over Canada in summer is not an opinion. It's former northern limit was at the tropic of cancer which runs through central mexico.
The FACT that the moon now swings through dozens of degrees of latitude per month, rather than it's former limit of 5 degrees above and below the ecliptic plane....is also not an opinion.
That the constellation Orion can be seen unpredictably moving through the latitudes in days, sometimes in the span of hours, is a FACT as well.
Those of you blindly trusting that all is well, are in for a let down.
I've been tracking these rapidly increasing changes for the better part of the last couple decades, I know what I'm talking about.
See - "Huge media blackout regarding supermoons" on the net
See - "Pole shift of Noah's day about to happen again?" on the net
God bless
@@techstuf4637 Want a Nobel prize for that?
@@KillberZomL4D42494 The 'prize' if there is one, is helping people recognize the lateness of the hour, and perhaps retain the autonomy to determine how they and their loved ones will react to these events. Forewarned is forearmed.
Most will take no note, partying on, just as in Noah's day. I sent a message to the Indonesian government in 2018, when I heard there was going to be a pop concert on the beach on December 23rd, 2018. It was a solstice supermoon with the moon at it's new northern limit, very dangerous for lower latitude localities. They did nothing, ignoring the warning, and the band was washed right off the stage. 29 people were needlessly killed during that event alone.
You do an excellent job of explaining geology to people who are non geologists and to people like me who are amateur geologists. I have wondered about the nature of this explosion and you explained it perfectly.
Hope the people can evacuate if want to?
Mother Earth is always changing! Excellent summation of the events on Tonga. Thank you. Just curious; the narrator is not human?
@@stevenhj3124 He narrates his own videos and he is human.
I know....😊 doesn't he? 😊
Agreed
Your coverage of this volcano is rapidly increasing your subscriber count! Keep up the good work!
Quality work gets recognized.
YESSSIR. THIS IS WHAT WE NEED
I just discovered your channel yesterday, and subscribed today after this greatly done update!
Thank God for natural disasters!
His MS Paint skill earned my subscription.
Your coverage of this eruption has been extraordinary. The site in general is a wonderful source for anyone interested in volcanology. Many thanks for your work.
🎯👍🌼 Spot on!
ruclips.net/video/eJDQeHuKjyA/видео.html
@@daisyelmir1289 ruclips.net/video/eJDQeHuKjyA/видео.html
As horrific and disturbing as this is and as what you are saying can be, I find your calm, straight-forward, measured discussion not only informative but also calming and comforting. I trust you will share well. Thank you very much!
That's the wonder of reporting such events in a calm, concise, clear, and measured manner. Not only does it calm those watching, it also decreases the chance of panic occurring before, during, and after the event.
@@Techno_Idioto~ Yes. And that is very well appreciated. 🌅
You obviously put in a lot of time into your research of this and other volcanos and then edit your information in a clear and precise manner that anyone can understand. As I have found your channel very informative I have also learned a lot more about the nature of volcanoes. This was definitely a very unusual eruption and very powerful affecting many places all over the globe. Keep up the good work.
He's a Volcanologist. He's been doing this for years. This could be once in a lifetime eruption. Could. But this man was ready, and born for this.
@@slymcfly123 he is... Volcanomaaaaan !
Well worded .
Thank you for the graphics on the caldera. I could not understand why they said it was underwater until I saw this video.
Thank you for the update, 49 feet at the shore is a big difference than 6 feet at sea.
Should note due to the ash, and damage to Tonga's main airport; flights into Tonga not really happening, however ships are on their way from Australia and New Zealand with supplies.
There’s no damage they just need to clear the runway of ash
@@Nelz. The airport wasn’t affected by the tsunami but the runway needed to be cleared of ash. It has been confirmed today the runway is cleared so emergency aid flights from New Zealand and Australia will depart soon.
@@emirdesouza331 u edited ur comment i replied to
@@emirdesouza331 👍
ruclips.net/video/eJDQeHuKjyA/видео.html
Many thanks. You've allowed me to tick that " Learn something new everyday " box quite a lot recently. Please keep them coming!
Good stuff!
Quick note to anyone watching in the future: The date on the graphic starting at 2:24 is wrong. It says Dec 14 & 25, 2022 instead of January.
I noticed that too! Glad it wasn’t just me who saw it
This video is from the future!
Makes sense that it was largely steam, boiler explosions are incredibly powerful
This is much more informative and clear than most of the news channels. Thank you.
I started watching your channel since the La Palma eruption and I’ve been hooked ever since! Thanks for producing informative and concise content 😁
Thanks for sharing/creating those images showing the caldera collapse and then how the volcano erupted. I was doing some research yesterday about volcanoes/tsunamis and I was specifically looking for caldera collapse, but I could only find written explanations. Those images really helped me understand how those form. Great video!
Excellent explanation and the modelling really helps understand the massive scale of the underwater volcano.
ruclips.net/video/eJDQeHuKjyA/видео.html
Love the content as always. It’s nice to see your list of subscribers multiply. 👍👍👍
Due to melting of known ancient ice in both south & north poles , is increasing the depth of the "column" of water on oceans depth. This is , quite simply , the push-back.
I have seen big explosions, when water drops fall into hot oil in a pan. The drops tend to fall below oil level, and the temperature transferred suddenly heats the water above boiling point, making it to explode violently, sending oil everywhere.
Something similar ocurred with this volcano, when the water was unable to escape from the enclosed caldera.
Edit: Do not try this at home! ⚠️
Good analogy.
Might be something for the Slo-Mo guys to try, though. ✌️😸
A good analogy. This is why you don't use water to extinguish an oil fire, as the water will flash to steam, explode and subsequently send burning oil shooting up.
The people behind the Hydraulic Press Channel did an experiment with burning oil on their second channel "Beyond the Press" They did film it with a high framerate camera for some excellent slow-mo footage
@@Skarfar90 Didn't Discovery Channel's program "Time Warp" do something similar to that as well? I recall that the guest on their show were performers called "Gasoline Girls" who helped to demonstrate the danger of oil fires.
@@davidford3115 I think many channels did. I never saw that show myself, but we had a show on our national channel where some guys did an experiment with burning oil, and poured water into the cooking pot. They ended up burning down the house
Thanks for this, more good work. I like your videos because they are brief, but informative and clear.
Normal video speed is much to fast to absorb the info contained within it. I finally ended up at 70% video speed. Love this channel but sometimes I have to slow you down! 😉🙂
The Krakatoa eruption long ago was extremely violent and heard thousands of kilometers away, shocked the world.
I live in New Zealand, thousands of kms away, and I heard this one. Just saying.
Thank you! Your videos are extremely educational and greatly appreciated.
Your coverage and education of this eruption is phenomenal. No hype, just facts. You deserve 10x more subscribers.
ruclips.net/video/eJDQeHuKjyA/видео.html
This is a great explanation of the dynamics of the eruption and tsunami. Your factual reports are an invaluable resource, especially right now.
I noticed the trolls, etc. are out. Ignore them. I know myself and others have been referring to your channel because we need and love good science.
You Rock! 💜🌏✌️😎
ruclips.net/video/eJDQeHuKjyA/видео.html
Thanks for the excellent update. Your diagram was brilliant. 👍🏼
Love your channel keep up this excellent work
Thanks for your very clear explanation of the Volcano near Tonga. Prayers for the residents…
Could you possibly do a video on the formation of the Black Hills in South Dakota? I've been interested in how they formed since I moved here.
Excellent reports.
Thank you.
Great not over detailed analysis!!! Learned a lot
Your work here is exemplary. Thank you.
Thanks for the detailed and informative report
Thx for the information, very clear. Our thoughts and prayers go out to the people of Tonga 🙏
I came across your channel about 3-4 months ago and just kept watching it ever since. Congratulations on your work on this channel. Your short format is great and when longer videos come around I also watch them.
I've been following this channel for a while. Your contributions make the world a better, more understandable place. Thank you!
ruclips.net/video/eJDQeHuKjyA/видео.html
Wow,you just made 16k Subs in 24hrs. Impressive. Thanks for the news
I salute you on keeping us up to date and you ability to pronounce that volcano's full name.
Cheers mate! Love ya work.
Thank you for this update
Thank you 👍
It's interesting how this eruption perhaps exposes some limitations in the terminology of the VEI scale - to the everyday public who hears "volcanic explosivity index" and then sees a 10 megaton volcanic explosion, one might assume a higher rating than actually is given if using its definition of material emitted. My first completely non-expert thought is some additional metric(s) that consider force brought about by phreatic eruptions, material emitted vs duration, etc.
Very well explained. Thank you for your time and effort. Hopefully all local people are safe and get access to clean water and much needed support.
I always enjoy your channel, but on this particular eruption you provide a very detailed analysis which is much needed. Thank you for all your effort..
Can it be compared to the 1964 Shiveluch eruption which also lasted for around an hour too? It reminds me of that, with the preceding volcanic landslide and pressurized magma which would otherwise have been released in a gradual, less explosive manner being released in a brief but unusually energetic burst for its magma volume at once, just being the difference is that there's no seawater involved.
Yes they may have let off nukes back then and practice time. Hmmm
Maybe because of the water it absorbed much of the sulfur dioxide gases so it's a bit lower than other VEI 5 or 6 eruptions.
Thanks for keeping us up to date
Great job on this info. Much appreciated.
Any way this could be a pre-sight to another future caldera eruption? Or is this it for now with maybe a few minor phreatic eruptions
Also I would love to see a video on Mt. Cameroon
Very likely to simply be minor phreatic eruptions. A caldera-forming eruption seems to be extremely unlikely, given that the volcano just suffered a massive steam explosion.
@@Techno_Idioto This is more due to pre-set of the last caldera. What was a spread out caldera forming eruption.
Some scientists have suggested that the explosion was too large to be explained by a water/magma interaction alone. There could be another mechanism involved as well, it will be interesting to see what more data could bring.
But is there a lot of data on shallow underwater eruptions?
I was reading an article about the Sept 1952 Myojin Sho eruption, which was also from a volcano in shallow water. It caused a large explosion, which destroyed the survey vessel studying the eruption, and set off a series of tsunamis.
@@jimbobeire it may not have been particularly shallow. The tsunami was very large and would have required an enormous displacement of water to generate.
@@slooob23 the caldera was about 200m down, so compared to volcanoes that are 1000m or lower, it was shallow.
@@jimbobeire 200m is not that shallow. It is likely too deep for a steam eruption alone to overcome the pressure and release 10mt of energy. Possibly a steam trigger from partial collapse then rapid release of pressure from the caldera floor displacing all the water above it.
It looks like it may have been a "rod of god" space weapon.
Thank you so much for your excellent coverage and easy to understand explanations. You've become my go-to guy for this field. Cheers.
So glad I found your channel!
I feel so bad for the people of Tonga. Let’s hope aid and healthcare reaches them quickly.
Bless them all!
The collateral damage to the nearest inhabited the island seems to be so great that I could imagine the island to be pretty much uninhabitable for humans for a short period of time. For context, the explosion which is equivalent to a 10 megatons bomb was 1/5 the size of the tzar bomba hydrogen bomb detonated by the former Soviet Union in 1961. The cloud produce from that bomb reached heights of 37 miles or 60 kilometers.
Ten megatons is almost as close to the power as the Castle Bravo (which is at 13-15 megatons, l forgot)
The most powerful weapon American has, and the second most powerful Nuclear bomb in human history
@@woodonfire7406 Castle Bravo was measured to be 15 Megatons. Which, by the way, was *not* planned. They *accidentally* boosted the weapon's power to such a degree.
@@woodonfire7406 Castle Bravo was a test shot, not a model of bomb. It was supposed to be 6 megatons, but a misunderstanding of the lithium reactions involved meant the explosion was much larger than anticipated. It had a yield of 15 megatons.
The most powerful US nuclear bomb was the B44 that had a yield of 25 megatons. It was retired in 1976. The current most powerful nuke in the US arsenal is the B83 with a yield of 1.2 megatons.
Awesome explanation thank you! This answered a lot of questions I had.
Thanks for the educational update.
Is it reasonable to assume that the same process is occuring now where sea what is making its way closer to the magma chamber, building up steam pressure and then having another full blown caldera forming eruption?
I wouldn’t be surprised if Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai will erupt again in the near future (within the next couple of years).
This time, however, it might be more likely that a future Surtseyan eruption will result in a more permanent island that will be more stable than the previous eruptions.
WOW very well explained and concise! I finally understand what happened. Subscribed!!!!
Nice video loved it!
I think tsunamis are better described as a gaint slosh and than they are a gaint wave.
Your shampoo bottle falls in on one side of the bathtub, you get water sloshing up the other side of the tub.
So is there a chance that there could be an even larger eruption that is actually the lava causing it rather than the steam?
Good question
That explanation sounds like the magma chamber did not really drain. Other scientists also already stated that looking at the history of this volcano this might be the first of multiple large eruptions.
Excellent video! Bravo for the comprehensive attention to detail. Thumbs UP!
Excellent video. Thank you!
Excellent report! Hopefully the 36 residents are safe. Otherwise we are entering Solar Minimum and past history will reflect more volcanic activity.
Have you ever thrown cold water on to a red hot skillet? The water explodes, right?
Same thing with some volcanic islands. The sea water hits the primary magma chamber and "BOOM!".
Krakatoa and Tonga.
anyone "throwing" cold water on a hot skillet---STUPID!!!
Very informative, great video
Amazing info.
Thanks so much for the video and info.
I wish All the best.
3:00 VEI 4-5?? Wasn't it declared a VEI 6?
Who declared it a VEI 6?
When it comes to the VEI it is still uncertain but New Zealand scientists are stating that so far with the data they have, it would be a high 5 to low 6
@@catou060195 nah high 4 low 5
@@Vesuviusisking like I stated, this report was from NZ scientists not me saying it, they have the data none of us have
@@Vesuviusisking Compare this to other VEI 4s and tell me it is the same. This far outclassed Mount Merapi (2010), Pelee (1902), Sakurajima (1914), Eyjafjallajökull (2010), Sarychev Peak (2009), and Taal (2010).
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EXCELLENT VIDEO...
Thank You for sharing this video.
Love your update on this volcano 🌋
Excellent analysis and explanation! Keep us informed. Subscribing... 👍
Are there awards for the best and most informative RUclips videos?? Because you need to be nominated for one!! 😊🙏 Award winning as always!
20K subs in a few videos! Well deserved!
Really easy and quick follow along to learn about what happened and how, great video!
Another great report!
Thankyousomuch for the clear information.
🔆
You are the best RUclips channel hands down. Great work presenting real facts. You should run the USGS
Dude, i will subscribe NOW.
I learned tons from this.
Since the new patron this channel as got better and better.The amount of information which is fitted in this video is not dragged on for half-hour and more like other videos!you learn more in less the time on this channel Ty new patron! Ty Geology hub for sharing this information...staysafe viewer's
Great video!
Excellent update thanks
Great report thank you
Thanks for the explanation, you make it easier to understand what happened.
Thank you for your coverage. We pray for those affected by this disaster.
Excellent video. Very educational thank you for your explanation.
One of the best explanations I've seen of this disaster.
Very cool information. Thanks!
Fantastic video... new information, new video... no hype, just facts and actual threat. Looks like the northern edifice slumped directing the wave southward with greatest vigor... would be interesting to see of any other islands south and southeast all the way to Antarctica saw the greater wave height.
Your best; current up todate information, great pictures explaining your words and cohesive concurrency in the story line. Huge congratulations for this one!! You've out done yourself!
Also .. best explanation of the geology timeline. Nicely done.
Thank you for sharing 👏
I love this channel it is so interesting.....😊
random choice by me. first time on this channel. loved this guy's accent. kept me interested throughout. subscribed.
i like all your videos, but this one in particular is very informative.
the animation at 01:16 helped me visualize the actual magnitude of the submerged volcano and its caldera. thank you!
great summary
the dearth of detailed info on this unfolding event/s is really frustrating
This is an excellent explanation of what happened! !!!!!!!
Very nice video well done
Supper good intel!!