The Definitive Guide to Tensile Testing of Plastic to ASTM D638 & ISO 527-2

Learn more about ASTM D638
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Learn more about ISO 527-2
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This video shows three different types of Instron system and accessories that can perform the test in compliance with these standards.
With the use of plastics being at an all-time high, it is critical that manufacturers be able to properly gauge the mechanical strength of their materials. This guide is designed to introduce you to the basic elements of an ASTM D638 plastic tensile test, including an overview of the equipment, software, and samples needed.
ASTM D638 is performed by applying a tensile force to a sample specimen and measuring various properties of the specimen under stress. It is conducted on a universal testing machine (also called a tensile testing machine) at tensile rates ranging from 1 to 500 mm/min until the specimen fails (yields or breaks). Though ASTM D638 measures many different tensile properties, the following are the most common:
Tensile strength - the amount of force that can be applied to a plastic before it yields (stretches irreparably) or breaks.
Tensile modulus - how much a material can deform (stretch) in response to stress before it yields. Modulus is a measurement of the material’s stiffness.
Elongation - the increase in gauge length after break divided by the original gauge length. Greater elongation indicates higher ductility.
Poisson’s Ratio - a measurement of the relationship between how far a material is stretched and how thin it gets during the stretching process.
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