A route to scale-up perovskite solar cells-ultrasonic spraying

Ultrasonic spraying is a promising avenue to scale up the production of perovskite solar cells, which can be fabricated at any scale from laboratory to mass production. Ultrasonic spraying technology was introduced in the preparation process of the perovskite film, and the nozzle height, carrier gas pressure, precursor concentration and flow rate and other conditions in the ultrasonic spraying method were optimized. Using ultrasonic spray to achieve tight droplet distribution can help improve uniformity and surface area coverage, especially for large area coatings, which can significantly reduce costs. Highly crystalline thin films can be produced by adjusting various process parameters.

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