The Gods Of Israel | Dr. Dan McClellan
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- Опубликовано: 6 фев 2024
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In Season 1, Episode 3, I interview Dr. Dan McClellan in-person for the first time. This is the third episode of the in-person interviews I conducted during the SBL conference in November 18, 2023.
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Hello everybody, I had to reupload the video! Thank you for your understanding!
It was worth listening to twice.
@@fallacyfallacy5307I'm honored!
Yay! I could watch this interview over and over. I support both of you on Patreon, so everything with Dan is one of my favorites. ❤
Don't you think it's ironic that the jewish and Christian so called God or Gods were pagan? Yet they condemn pagans. Oh dear. Its so ironic.
😅 the Elohim were all the gods the idols in Abrams father's Idol sale shop $$$$ that Abraham destroys . you could go bye your God and worship him anywhere you lived😅😅 this is why Joshua accuses Abraham of worshiping other gods then Yahweh does, Moses and Joshua were both serpent worshipers Moses being raised Egyptian, Pharaoh's wore a 🐍 on their crown
Best thing about Jacob is that he allows his guests to speak. He doesn’t try to teach them or interrupt them or try to show that he knows a lot about the topic. That way I can enjoy listening to the guest explaining without being irritated by constant trash talking.
Right.
Yep and there was that time that he was smarter than Dr. Eisenmen.
He knows a lot too, Dr. Eisenmen was lost in a few of he's questions and then explains them.
Jacob is a good listener and allows viewers to learn more without interjecting
I always enjoy listening to Dr. Dan
Between Jacob and Mythvision I’m never gonna get off RUclips
Thank you Dr McClennan, thank you Jacob
So happy to see this interview.
Thank you
Great Job jacob! Ive become a big fan of yours and your interviewing style!
Jacob is a content machine!
Can't go wrong with Dan. Thanks!
Great conversation! Thank you!
Great insights from Dr McClellan and Jacob was exceptional as usual 👍
Great to see you guys chatting in person.
A very interesting discussion. Thanks
Congratulations on another great episode. I liked your recent Margaret Barker interview do you have any plans to do a show with April DeConnick?
Jacob, you're on fire at the moment. Great stuff. Thanks for all your great work.
Thanks for the share ….. good words and appreciate your work !
Be well ✝️
Sweet! keep it up, Jacob, you´re doing a great job 💪
According to the general consensus of scholarship *(even critical Christian scholars),* YHWH was originally incorporated into the Canaanite pantheon as a son of the Canaanite high god El before inheriting the top spot in the pantheon and El's wife Athirat (Asherah) before religious reforms "divorced" them. El's pantheon in Ugarit is called the *Elohim,* literally the plural of El. Interestingly, the Biblical god is also referred to numerous times as Elohim. If you want to see if El is fictional, just read his mythology in the Ugaritic/Canaanite texts.
"The mysterious Ugaritic text Shachar and Shalim tells how (perhaps near the beginning of all things) *El* came to shores of the sea and saw two women who bobbed up and down. *El* was sexually aroused and took the two with him, killed a bird by throwing a staff at it, and roasted it over a fire. He asked the women to tell him when the bird was fully cooked, and to then address him either as husband or as father, for he would thenceforward behave to them as they called him. They saluted him as husband. He then lay with them, and they gave birth to Shachar ("Dawn") and Shalim ("Dusk"). Again *El* lay with his wives and the wives gave birth to "the gracious gods", "cleavers of the sea", "children of the sea". The names of these wives are not explicitly provided, but some confusing rubrics at the beginning of the account mention the goddess *Athirat (Asherah),* who is otherwise *El's* chief wife, and the goddess Raḥmayyu ("the one of the womb"), otherwise unknown."
*"First, a god named El predates the arrival of the Israelites into Syria-Palestine.* Biblical usage shows El was not just a generic noun, but often a proper name for Israel’s God (e.g., Gen 33:20: “El, the God of Israel”)."
"I should add here that it is very clear from the grammar that the noun nachalah in v. 9 should be translated “inheritance.” *Yahweh receives Israel as his “inheritance” (nachalah), just as the other sons of El received their nations as their inheritance (nachal, v. 8).* With this verb, especially in the Hiphil, the object is always what is being given as an inheritance. Thus, Israel is given to Yahweh as his inheritance. ((Here I’m indebted to Dan McClellan.)) It would make no sense for Elyon to give himself an inheritance. Moreover, as I’ve argued elsewhere, it is not just the Gentile nations that are divided up according to the number of the sons of El. It is all of humankind, i.e., “the sons of Adam.” This clearly includes Israel. And the sons of Adam are not divided up according to the number of the sons of El, plus one (i.e., plus Elyon). They are divided up, according to the text, solely according to the number of the sons of El. *Thus, that Yahweh receives Israel as his inheritance makes Yahweh one of the sons of El mentioned in v. 8. Any other construal of the text would constitute its rewriting.*
A Sumerian hymn speaks to the goddess: “Nanshe, your divine powers are not matched by any other divine powers.” *Does this mean that Nanshe was the high goddess, that there were no gods above her? No, it does not.* Nanshe was the daughter of Enki, the high god. *In Sumerian mythology, as with Ugaritic, Israelite, Babylonian, and others, in the ancient past, the high god (Enki, in this case) divided up the world and assigned his children certain domains.* Nanshe was given a limited domain (the modern Persian Gulf) and was tasked with maintaining social justice there. *This is exactly what we see in Deuteronomy 32 with Yahweh. Yahweh is given a limited domain (Israel) and is given authority over his people, to punish them, as well as to protect and defend them against foreign enemies.* That Yahweh, like Nanshe, is said to have incomparable divine power *does not* mean that he is not subordinate to the high god who gave him his domain. *It is also of note that Nanshe, like Baal, Yahweh, and so many other deities, evolved over time. Her domain increased, and she was promoted in the pantheon (although she never became the high goddess)."*
*"The Most Heiser: Yahweh and Elyon in Psalm 82 and Deuteronomy 32 - Religion at the Margins"* based on the *majority scholarly consensus.*
(Written by Thom Stark who is a Christian)
*"Michael Heiser: A Unique Species? - Religion at the Margins"*
(A second response to Michael Heiser)
*"Excerpt from “Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan” by John Day - Lehi's Library."*
*"The Table of Nations: The Geography of the World in Genesis 10"* - TheTorah.com
(Excluding the short narrative on Nimrod (vv. 8-12), *which appears to be a later addition,* Genesis 10 contains *70* names of nations or cities, a number that was symbolic of totality. Similarly, the descendants of Jacob were *70* in number (Gen 46:37; Exod 1:5), *as were the sons of the supreme Canaanite god El, with whom YHWH became equated.)*
*"Polytheism and Ancient Israel’s Canaanite Heritage. Part V | theyellowdart"*
(Of course, much of this [i.e., that Israel worshiped El and Asherah alongside YHWH] is really to be expected given that recent syntheses of the *archaeological, cultural, and literary data* pertaining to the emergence of the nation of Israel in the Levant *show that most of the people who would eventually compose this group were originally Canaanite. As the Hebrew Bible notes, the Hebrew language itself is a Canaanite language, literally the “lip of Canaan” (שְׂפַת כְּנַעַן; Is. **19:18**), and so it cannot often be distinguished by modern scholars from other Canaanite inscriptions on purely linguistic grounds.)*
*"Ugarit - New World Encyclopedia"*
(Ugaritic religion centered on the chief god, Ilu or El, whose titles included "Father of mankind" and "Creator of the creation." The Court of El was referred to as the (plural) 'lhm or ***Elohim,*** a word ***later used by the biblical writers to describe the Hebrew deity*** and translated into English as "God," in the singular.
El, which was ***also the name of the God of Abraham,*** was described as an aged deity with white hair, seated on a throne.)
*"Mark Smith: Yahweh as El’s Son & Yahweh’s Ascendency - Lehi's Library"*
(Mark Smith is a Catholic)
*"God, Gods, and Sons (and Daughters) of God in the Hebrew Bible. Part III | theyellowdart"*
*"02 | December | 2009 | Daniel O. McClellan - Psalm 82"*
(Daniel McClellan is a Mormon)
*"Elohim | Daniel O. McClellan"*
(Refer to the article "Angels and Demons (and Michael Heiser)")
*"God's Wife Edited Out of the Bible - Almost."*
(Pay attention to whose wife Asherah (Athirat) is in the Ugaritic/Canaanite texts and how she became the wife of YHWH/Yahweh)
*"Yahweh's Divorce from the Goddess Asherah in the Garden of Eden - Mythology Matters."*
*"Asherah, God's Wife in Ancient Israel. Part IV - theyellowdart"*
*"The Gates of Ishtar - El, was the original god of the bible."*
*"The Gates of Ishtar - Anath in the Elephantine Papyri"*
(In addition to Asherah (Athirat) being the consort of Yahweh, it appears some Israelites also viewed the Canaanite goddess Anat(h) as Yahweh's consort)
*"Canaanite Religion - New World Encyclopedia"*
(Refer to the section "Relationship to Biblical Religion")
*"The Syncretization of Yahweh and El : reddit/AcademicBiblical"*
(For a good summary of all of the above articles)
Watch Professor Christine Hayes who lectures on the Hebrew Bible at Yale University. Watch lecture 2 from 40:40 to 41:50 minutes, lecture 7 from 30:00 minutes onwards, lecture 8 from 12:00 to 17:30 minutes and lecture 12 from 27:40 minutes onwards.
Watch *"Pagan Origins of Judaism"* by Sigalius Myricantur and read the description in the video to see the scholarship the video is based on.
Watch *"How Monotheism Evolved"* by Sigalius Myricantur and watch up to at least 21:40.
Watch *"Atheism - A History of God (The Polytheistic Origins of Christianity and Judaism)"*
(By a former theist)
Watch *"The Origins of Yahweh"* by Derreck Bennett at Atheologica.
Nevertheless, the historical reconstruction that El was the chief god of the Israelites is not indebted only to the testimony of the (rather late) biblical witness of P. *Numerous biblical texts attest to the fact that the titles, functions, and the imagery associated with the Canaanite god El, as revealed by the Ugaritic texts and the Canaanite myth of Elkunirša, were assimilated into the profile of the deity YHWH.* According to the Ugaritic texts, El was known for his *wisdom* (e.g., KTU2 1.4.V.65[6]) and *great age* (’ab šnm, *“Father of Years,”* and drd, *“Ageless One,”* in KTU2 1.4.IV.24 and 1.10.III.6, respectively),[7] his *compassionate nature* (lţpn il dp’id, *“Kind El, the Compassionate One,”* e.g., KTU2 1.16.IV.9), his role as *father of the gods and humanity* (’ab ’adm, *“father of humanity,”* KTU2 1.14..III.47, and bny bnwt, *“creator of creatures,”* KTU2 1.17.I.24) and *creator of the cosmos.* [8] El was the *divine King* (e.g., KTU2 1.2.III.5-6) and the *head of the pantheon or divine council* (referred to variously as the dr ’il, *“circle of El/Family of El,”* KTU2 1.15.III.19; mpħrt bn ’il, *“the assembly of the sons of El,”* KTU2 1.65.3; bn ’il, *“the sons of El,”* KTU2 1.40.33, 41; pħr kbbm, *“assembly of the stars,”* KTU2 1.10.I.3-4; ‘dt ’ilm, *“assembly of the gods,”* KTU2 1.15.II.7; cf. KTU2 1.2.I; 1.3V; 1.4 IV-V) which met at the sacred mountain. *His consort was the goddess Athirat who bore him seventy sons* (šb‘m bn ’atrt, *“the seventy sons of Athirat,”* KTU2 1.4.VI.46). El was also known for his *divine patronage and blessing of progeny to humans* (as in the Epic of Kirta; see, for example, KTU2 1.14.III.46-51), for his *appearances to humans in dreams* (e.g., KTU2 1.14.I.35-37), as *being a healer* (KTU2 1.16.V-VI), and for his *dwelling at the sacred mountain* (e.g., KTU2 1.2.III.5-6) at the *sources of the mythical rivers* (KTU2 1.2.III.4; 1.3.V.6; 1.4.IV.20-22; 1.17.V.47-48) in a *tent* (KTU2 1.2.III.5; 1.3.V.8; 1.4.IV.24; 1.17.V.49; c.f. the Canaanite myth Elkunirša which *describes El’s abode as a tent[9]).[10]*
*To underscore the fact that terminology and imagery originally used for the god El was adopted by the Israelites in their descriptions of YHWH,* the following brief summary might be placed in comparison to the discussion of El above: YHWH is an *aged, patriarchal deity* (Ps. 102:28; Job 36:26; Is. 40:28; Dan. 7.9-14, 22), *a father* (Deut. 32:6; Is. 63:16; 64:7; Jer. 3:4, 19; 31:9, etc.), *merciful and gracious* (Ex. 34:6; Jon. 4:2; Joel 2:13; Ps. 8615; 103:8; 145:8, etc.), *a divine patron who bestows the blessing of progeny upon Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob,* often manifesting himself in *dreams or visions, a healer* (Gen. 20:17; Num. 12:13; 2 Kgs. 20:5, 8; Ps. 107:20, etc.), who *dwells in a tent* (Ps. 15:1; 27:6; 91:10; 132:3) *amidst the heavenly waters* (Ps. 47:5; 87; Is. 33: 20-22; Ez. 47:1-12, etc.), the *creator of the cosmos,* who is enthroned as *heavenly King* in the *divine council* (1 Kgs. 22:19; Is. 6:1-8; cf. Ps. 29:1-2; 82; 89: 5-8, etc.) on the *sacred mount of assembly* (e.g., Is. 14:13). Additionally, in much Israelite religious practice throughout the monarchic period, *YHWH had a divine consort, the goddess Asherah, the Hebrew equivalent of Ugaritic Athirat.[11]* (Originally the wife of El)
*"When Jehovah Was Not the God of the Old Testament. Part II - theyellowdart"*
Watch Professor Christine Hayes who lectures on the Hebrew Bible at Yale University. Watch lecture 2 from 40:40 to 41:50 minutes, lecture 7 from 30:00 minutes onwards, lecture 8 from 12:00 to 17:30 minutes and lecture 12 from 27:40 minutes onwards.
Watch *"Pagan Origins of Judaism"* by Sigalius Myricantur and read the description in the video to see the scholarship the video is based on.
Watch *"How Monotheism Evolved"* by Sigalius Myricantur and watch up to at least 21:40.
------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition, look up the below articles.
*"Jews and Arabs Descended from Canaanites - Biblical Archaeology Society."*
("The study in Cell not only establishes that the ancient Israelites were ***descended from the Canaanites,*** but also establishes that the Canaanite people across the separate city-states of the southern Levant, and over a period of 1,500 years, were a genetically cohesive people.")
*"The Canaanites weren't annihilated, they just 'moved' to Lebanon - The Times of Israel."*
*"Ancient Canaanite religion explained* - everything.explained.today"
*"Archeology of the Hebrew Bible - NOVA - PBS"*
("Many scholars now think that *most of the early Israelites were originally Canaanites, displaced Canaanites,* displaced from the lowlands, from the river valleys, displaced geographically and then displaced ideologically.")
*"Origins of Judaism explained* - everything.explained.today"
("According to the current academic historical view, the origins of Judaism lie in the Bronze Age amidst polytheistic ancient Semitic religions, ***specifically evolving out of Ancient Canaanite polytheism,*** then co-existing with Babylonian religion, and syncretizing elements of Babylonian belief into the worship of Yahweh as reflected in the early prophetic books of the Hebrew Bible. (The Torah)".
*Refer to the bibliography at the bottom of the page)*
*"Canaanite languages - Britannica"*
("Group of Northern Central or Northwestern Semitic languages including ***Hebrew,*** Moabite, Phoenician, and Punic.")
*"Polytheism and Ancient Israel’s Canaanite Heritage. Part V - theyellowdart"*
("Of course, much of this [i.e., that Israel worshiped El and Asherah alongside YHWH] is really to be expected given that recent syntheses of the archaeological, cultural, and literary data pertaining to the emergence of the nation of Israel in the Levant show that *most of the people who would eventually compose this group were originally Canaanite.")*
*"El - New World Encyclopedia"*
(Refer to the section "El Outside the Bible" and the fact that *most of the early Israelites were originally indigenous or displaced Canaanites)*
*"El (deity) explained* - everything.explained.today"
(Refer to section "Ugarit and the Levant" and the fact that *most of the ancient Israelites were originally indigenous or displaced Canaanites* and see how Yahweh, later conflated with El (Yahweh-El(ohim)) is fictional)
*"The Gods and Goddesses of Canaan - Essay - The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History"*
*"Canaanite Phoenician Origin of the God of the Israelites."*
*"The Phoenician (Canaanite) God Resheph in the Bible - Is That in the Bible?"*
*"God's Wife Edited Out of the Bible - Almost."*
(Pay attention to whose wife Asherah (Athirat) is in the Ugaritic/Canaanite texts and how she became the wife of YHWH/Yahweh)
*"Yahweh's Divorce from the Goddess Asherah in the Garden of Eden - Mythology Matters."*
*"Asherah, God's Wife in Ancient Israel. Part IV - theyellowdart"*
*"The Gates of Ishtar - Anath in the Elephantine Papyri"*
(In addition to Asherah (Athirat) being the consort of Yahweh it also appears some Israelites also viewed the Canaanite goddess Anat(h) as Yahweh's consort)
*"How the Jews Invented God and Made Him Great- Archaeology - Haaretz."*
*"When the Jews believed in other gods - Archaeology - Haaretz"*
*"The Invention of God - Maclean's"*
*"Excerpt from “Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan” by John Day - Lehi's Library."*
*"How Did the Bible’s Editors Conceal Evidence of Israelite Polytheism - Evolution of God by Robert Wright."*
*"A Theologically Revised Text: Deuteronomy 32:8-9 - Ancient Hebrew Poetry."*
*"Biblical Contradiction #3: Which God is the Creator of the Heavens and Earth: Yahweh or El?"* - Dr Steven DiMattei
*"Biblical Contradiction #27. Are Yahweh and El the Same God or Not?"* - Dr Steven DiMattei
*"Biblical Contradiction **#294**, **#295**, **#296**. Which god liberated Israel from Egypt: Yahweh or El?"* - Dr Steven DiMattei
*"Mark Smith: "Yahweh as El’s Son & Yahweh's Ascendancy - Lehi's Library."*
*"Quartz Hill School of Theology - B425 Ugarit and the Bible."*
*"The Origins of Yahweh and the Revived Kenite Hypothesis - Is That in the Bible?"*
*"Yahweh, god of metallurgy - Fewer Lacunae."*
*"Polytheistic Roots of Israelite Religion - Fewer Lacunae."*
*"Yahweh was just an ancient Canaanite god. We have been deceived! - Escaping Christian Fundamentalism"*
*"Religious Studies: El, Yahweh and the Development of Monotheism in Ancient Israel."*
*"Decoupling YHWH and El - Daniel O. McClellan."*
*"Yhwh, God of Edom - Daniel O. McClellan."*
*"God, Gods, and Sons (and Daughters) of God in the Hebrew Bible. Part III - theyellowdart"*
*"The Most Heiser: Yahweh and Elyon in Psalm 82 and Deuteronomy 32 - Religion at the Margins"* based on the *majority scholarly consensus.*
(Written by Thom Stark who is a Christian)
*"Michael Heiser: A Unique Species? - Religion at the Margins"*
(A second response to Michael Heiser)
*"The Syncretization of Yahweh and El : reddit/AcademicBiblical"*
(For a good summary of all of the above articles)
No Elohim doesn't mean "god" or "gods"?.
It's a verb or an adverb. That word elawhem means power or judge or instigator or controller. It can be used for god or for people or for animals or for angels or for the moon or for the stars or for trees. It says nada zip about god/gods.
Elahyim on the contrary means god but one God not many.
It means 'God Doing lots of stuff.'
Elahyim is The Broader expansion of the same word Elah which means God also but that word means 'God does' or 'God Acts.'
The only way for that word Elahyim to be plural is the English rendering I have used that says 'Elahyims' like Elahyim and Elahyim and Elahyim and Elahyim. So Elahyims for Gods but it's not Hebrew correct. It's not a legit Hebrew or biblical word. אלוהים vs אלהים the waw ו can mean the difference between those two words. With one is a verb thus titlic, and the other is noun proper.
elohim =/= Elahyim
Elahyims or Elahs for Gods and that is English rendering or innovation not tied to the Hebrew exactly, but it complements it with a modernized usage.
There's only one word that in Hebrew says ‘Gods’ and that Word is Elim. אלים
Elimah אלימה means 'Gods do this'.
Elimahyim אלימהים means 'Gods doing lots of tasks'.
But, these two words are Non-biblical thus non hebraic, but they're Hebrew words. Thus this is Alienated to you and your case.
{That doesn't mean there ain't true aka Extern Mono influence on yahweh and also Poly Influence on yahweh as well as genesis 1; because there is from MRDK and Other Elahyims leaving their mark on yahweh and his genesis 1 mythos tale and rest of tanak.}
😊
This should be called "Wild Speculation Podcast "
Maybe data supported speculation podcast
@@Dovah_Jay well, when you FIND actual evidence, you can talk about data.
UNTIL THEN wild speculation is what THIS is.
Hypotheticals DO NOT EXIST just because somone thinks they do.
@@andreaurelius45 Plenty of evidence, champ.
---------------------------------------------------------
According to the general consensus of scholarship *(even critical Christian scholars),* YHWH was originally incorporated into the Canaanite pantheon as a son of the Canaanite high god El before inheriting the top spot in the pantheon and El's wife Athirat (Asherah) before religious reforms "divorced" them. El's pantheon in Ugarit (modern day Ras Shamra in Syria) is called the *Elohim,* literally the plural of El. Interestingly, the Biblical god is also referred to numerous times as Elohim. If you want to see if El is fictional, just read his mythology in the Ugaritic/Canaanite texts.
"The mysterious Ugaritic text Shachar and Shalim tells how (perhaps near the beginning of all things) *El* came to shores of the sea and saw two women who bobbed up and down. *El* was sexually aroused and took the two with him, killed a bird by throwing a staff at it, and roasted it over a fire. He asked the women to tell him when the bird was fully cooked, and to then address him either as husband or as father, for he would thenceforward behave to them as they called him. They saluted him as husband. He then lay with them, and they gave birth to Shachar ("Dawn") and Shalim ("Dusk"). Again *El* lay with his wives and the wives gave birth to "the gracious gods", "cleavers of the sea", "children of the sea". The names of these wives are not explicitly provided, but some confusing rubrics at the beginning of the account mention the goddess *Athirat (Asherah),* who is otherwise *El's* chief wife, and the goddess Raḥmayyu ("the one of the womb"), otherwise unknown."
*"First, a god named El predates the arrival of the Israelites into Syria-Palestine.* Biblical usage shows El was not just a generic noun, but often a proper name for Israel’s God (e.g., Gen 33:20: “El, the God of Israel”)."
"I should add here that it is very clear from the grammar that the noun nachalah in v. 9 should be translated “inheritance.” *Yahweh receives Israel as his “inheritance” (nachalah), just as the other sons of El received their nations as their inheritance (nachal, v. 8).* With this verb, especially in the Hiphil, the object is always what is being given as an inheritance. Thus, Israel is given to Yahweh as his inheritance. ((Here I’m indebted to Dan McClellan.)) It would make no sense for Elyon to give himself an inheritance. Moreover, as I’ve argued elsewhere, it is not just the Gentile nations that are divided up according to the number of the *sons of El.* It is all of humankind, i.e., “the sons of Adam.” This clearly includes Israel. And the sons of Adam are not divided up according to the number of the *sons of El,* plus one (i.e., plus Elyon). They are divided up, according to the text, *solely* according to the number of the *sons of El.* *Thus, that Yahweh receives Israel as his inheritance makes Yahweh one of the sons of El mentioned in v. 8. Any other construal of the text would constitute its rewriting.*
A Sumerian hymn speaks to the goddess: “Nanshe, your divine powers are not matched by any other divine powers.” *Does this mean that Nanshe was the high goddess, that there were no gods above her? No, it does not.* Nanshe was the daughter of Enki, the high god. *In Sumerian mythology, as with Ugaritic, Israelite, Babylonian, and others, in the ancient past, the high god (Enki, in this case) divided up the world and assigned his children certain domains.* Nanshe was given a limited domain (the modern Persian Gulf) and was tasked with maintaining social justice there. *This is exactly what we see in Deuteronomy 32 with Yahweh. Yahweh is given a limited domain (Israel) and is given authority over his people, to punish them, as well as to protect and defend them against foreign enemies.* That Yahweh, like Nanshe, is said to have incomparable divine power *does not* mean that he is not subordinate to the high god who gave him his domain. *It is also of note that Nanshe, like Baal, Yahweh, and so many other deities, evolved over time. Her domain increased, and she was promoted in the pantheon (although she never became the high goddess)."*
*"The Most Heiser: Yahweh and Elyon in Psalm 82 and Deuteronomy 32 - Religion at the Margins"* based on the *majority scholarly consensus.*
(Written by Thom Stark who is a Christian)
*"Michael Heiser: A Unique Species? - Religion at the Margins"*
(A second response to Michael Heiser)
*"Excerpt from “Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan” by John Day - Lehi's Library."*
*(It is in connection with the Canaanite god El and his pantheon of gods, known as the ‘sons of El’, that a direct relationship with the Old Testament is to be found.* That this is certain can be established from the fact that both were *seventy* in number. At Ugarit we read in the Baal myth of ‘the *seventy* sons of Asherah (Athirat)’ (sb’m. bn. ‘atrt, KTU 1.4. VI.46). Since Asherah was El’s consort, this therefore implies that El’s sons were *seventy* in number. Now Deut. 32.8, ***which is clearly dependent on this concept,*** declares, ‘When the Most High gave to the nations their inheritance, when he separated the sons of men, he fixed the bounds of the peoples according to the number of the *sons of God’.* The reading *‘sons of God’* (bene ‘elohim) has the support of the Qumran fragment, 4QDeut, the LXX, Symmachus, Old Latin and the Syro-Hexaplaric manuscript, Camb. Or. 929. This is clearly the ***original reading,*** to be preferred to the MT’s ‘sons of Israel’ (bene yisra’el), ***which must have arisen as a deliberate alteration on the part of a scribe who did not approve of the polytheistic overtones of the phrase ‘sons of God’.*** Interestingly, it is known that the Jews believed there to be *seventy* nations on earth, so that the *sons of God* were accordingly also *seventy* in number. This emerges from the table of the nations in Genesis 10, where there are *seventy* nations, and from the later Jewish apocalyptic concept according to which there were *seventy* guardian angels of the nations (Targum Pseudo-Jonathon on Deut 32.8; 1 En. 89.59-77, 90.22-27))
*"The Table of Nations: The Geography of the World in Genesis 10"* - TheTorah.com
(Excluding the short narrative on Nimrod (vv. 8-12), *which appears to be a later addition,* Genesis 10 contains *70* names of nations or cities, a number that was symbolic of totality. Similarly, the descendants of Jacob were *70* in number (Gen 46:37; Exod 1:5), *as were the sons of the supreme Canaanite god El, with whom YHWH became equated.)*
*"Polytheism and Ancient Israel’s Canaanite Heritage. Part V | theyellowdart"*
(Of course, much of this [i.e., that Israel worshiped El and Asherah alongside YHWH] is really to be expected given that recent syntheses of the *archaeological, cultural, and literary data* pertaining to the emergence of the nation of Israel in the Levant *show that most of the people who would eventually compose this group were originally Canaanite. As the Hebrew Bible notes, the Hebrew language itself is a Canaanite language, literally the “lip of Canaan” (שְׂפַת כְּנַעַן; Is. **19:18**), and so it cannot often be distinguished by modern scholars from other Canaanite inscriptions on purely linguistic grounds.)*
*"Ugarit - New World Encyclopedia"*
(Ugaritic religion centered on the chief god, Ilu or El, whose titles included "Father of mankind" and "Creator of the creation." The Court of El was referred to as the (plural) 'lhm or ***Elohim,*** a word ***later used by the biblical writers to describe the Hebrew deity*** and translated into English as "God," in the singular.
El, which was ***also the name of the God of Abraham,*** was described as an aged deity with white hair, seated on a throne.)
*"Mark Smith: Yahweh as El’s Son & Yahweh’s Ascendency - Lehi's Library"*
(Mark Smith is a Catholic)
*"God, Gods, and Sons (and Daughters) of God in the Hebrew Bible. Part III | theyellowdart"*
*"02 | December | 2009 | Daniel O. McClellan - Psalm 82"*
(Daniel McClellan is a Mormon)
*"Elohim | Daniel O. McClellan"*
(Refer to the article "Angels and Demons (and Michael Heiser)")
*"God's Wife Edited Out of the Bible - Almost."*
(Pay attention to whose wife Asherah (Athirat) is in the Ugaritic/Canaanite texts and how she became the wife of YHWH/Yahweh)
*"Yahweh's Divorce from the Goddess Asherah in the Garden of Eden - Mythology Matters."*
*"Asherah, God's Wife in Ancient Israel. Part IV - theyellowdart"*
*"The Gates of Ishtar - El, was the original god of the bible."*
*"The Gates of Ishtar - Anath in the Elephantine Papyri"*
(In addition to Asherah (Athirat) being the consort of Yahweh, it appears some Israelites also viewed the Canaanite goddess Anat(h) as Yahweh's consort)
*"Canaanite Religion - New World Encyclopedia"*
(Refer to the section "Relationship to Biblical Religion")
*"The Syncretization of Yahweh and El : reddit/AcademicBiblical"*
(For a good summary of all of the above articles)
Watch Professor Christine Hayes who lectures on the Hebrew Bible at Yale University. Watch lecture 2 from 40:40 to 41:50 minutes, lecture 7 from 30:00 minutes onwards, lecture 8 from 12:00 to 17:30 minutes and lecture 12 from 27:40 minutes onwards.
Watch *"Pagan Origins of Judaism"* by Sigalius Myricantur and read the description in the video to see the scholarship the video is based on.
Watch *"How Monotheism Evolved"* by Sigalius Myricantur and watch up to at least 21:40.
Watch *"Atheism - A History of God (The Polytheistic Origins of Christianity and Judaism)"*
(By a former theist)
Watch *"The Origins of Yahweh"* by Derreck Bennett at Atheologica.
I enjoyed this talk very much. Extremely interesting.
Go Dan 👍🙏
I’m curious as to how Dr. McClellan reconciles all this knowledge with his Mormon faith.
Mormanism teaches almost anyone can be a god
@@ronclass1782 exactly. That is why I am curious as to how he can legitimately buy into it. I find him extremely informative, but am hesitant to trust his scholarship if he actually believes the tenants of such a belief system…
I could’ve sworn Dan was an atheist
@@emekonen (I apologize if this posts twice. My comments are not showing for some reason)
If you watch his introduction video on his channel he states he is LDS
@@ronclass1782 exactly. I find him very knowledgeable, but would have less confidence in his scholarship if he genuinely believes in the tenants of his faith.
I always find myself wondering what Heiser or Missler would say on these subjects
41:07 70 nations + Israel = 71. 70 nations +Israel + Judah = 72. Or am I trying too hard? Great talk, thanks guys.
Yahweh was 1 of the 70 sons of El and Asherah and that's why El assigned Israel to Yahweh. The Israelites started with following the Canaanite religion, then they started Yahwism, with Yahweh as head of the pantheon and Asherah as his consort. Only after that they started Judaism.
Why MOLEK is not a word derived from Mulk, which means in Assyrian and Arabic the ownership. This house is mulk of Ibrahim,which means this house belongs to Ibrahim, maybe this is what they ment by molek of Ba'al ,( this sacrifice belong to Ba'al )
Chemosh took Yhwhs wife Ashera after he beat Yhwh in a 1 vs 1
That's payback for Yhwh taking El's wife Athirat (Asherah). She seems to get passed around a lot.
@@epicofgilgamesh9964 🤣🤦♀️
Doesn't Avram sacrifice Isaac in the Samaritan Torah? Or something like that, there's some difference I believe.
No, the Samaritans also believe it was a near sacrifice. The difference is that the Samaritans identify the location of the sacrifice as Mount Gerezim.
What about Yahweh/Adonai killing the Egyptian 1st born? What about Jephthah offering his daughter as a burnt offering to Yahweh/Adonai?
Lord of Hosts.. ever thought EL is the holy spirit 💗.. has nobody. Psalm 82.
Isaiah 28:2
Wasn't monotheism just a way to unite various tribes under one ruler or kingdom? Today we view the Bible as talking about loyalty to one god but it was really about loyalty to one ruler or nation. The patron god was just a symbol of the kingdom just like the American Eagle or Russian Bear.
An epic crossover 👏
Are angels created in the image of god? Jw.
What's on the T-shirt?
Truth
These Angels were thrown in the abyss waiting judgement. They knew not to have realations with humans. Angels knew about the devine council. Angels were spiritual guides for human kind. Just saying.
Is it just me or does it spell jinn on your t-shirt? It also looks.hebrew
Great video would of been way better without the reference of the New Testament. We can prove Yahweh is the Angel/Son of El just with the tanak
Dr McClellan's shirt has a Hebrew word on it. Does it translate into "mother" or "I die." Just curious. Looks like the root is either MTH (mother), or MUTH (to die)
Probably אמת - truth
@@jordanlavender7273 Persuing that, the root would be Aleph M and N.
General meaning "to support, be faithful, true."
I guess that makes sense.
Thankyou.
wrt doing things different; Making cheese Dan
Abraham got more demons than anygod
Psalm 82 is Not talkinf about other Gods of outside peoples or nations but the word isn't god/gods but Elohim not elahyim but elohim which is verb not noun but verb. Elohim meaning power or lead or instigator or judge. In contrast to elahyim which means a God literally.
It's Yahweh condemning his appointed judges and saying they'll for their pride. The hebrew explains that and Greek koine of septuagint changes that to make man into elevation idolating pride people. When in truth originally it's just men as high judges and leads not like "gods"?
Dan has his lots of flaws here. Bible does has Polytheist remnants but he didn't look in all the right places.
[RATE MY THEORY / 1-10 Good to Bad]:
(part 1; the doo-doo sandwich "💩 + 🥪")
*"It is impossible for a contradictory thing to be true.*
A non-contradictory thing could be true or could be false depending on context but at least has the *possibility* of being true." -me, I said that
❌️Contradictory Theology, Mathematics and Physics❌️ (Knowing Good; Functions; limit built into every operation):
1. The Genesis 1 character and the Genesis 2 character are the exact same character.
2. Zero is not fundamental and nonzero numbers are fundamental (Newton calculus).
3. 0D is not locally real and 1D, 2D, 3D, 4D are locally real (Newton physics).
✅️Non-contradictory Theology, Mathematics and Physics✅️ (Knowing Good from Evil; Relations defined by constraints; limit is a separate operation):
1. The Genesis 1 character and the Genesis 2 character are polar opposite characters.
2. Zero is fundamental and nonzero numbers are not fundamental (Leibniz calculus).
3. 0D is locally real and 1D, 2D, 3D, 4D are not locally real (Leibniz physics).
Interpreting the Bible with the Genesis 1 character and the Genesis 2 character as the exact same character generates near 70,000 contradictions (see reason project) and requires heavy apologetics. A Bible interpretation which includes near 70,000 contradictions (impossible to be true) is what a snake-oil salesman would sell you. 🐍
The standard model of physics is 3+1 space-time, which are considered locally real, where 0 is considered not locally real. Been that way since Newton.
Problem is...quantum physics proved the observable universe (1D, 2D, 3D and 4D) is actually not locally real...and that was over a year ago! 🦧
locally real = more real (Leibniz said "necessary")
not locally real = less real (Leibniz said "contingent")
TL;DR if you aren't sure if the meaning of 0 (zero) and 1 (nonzero) changing is epic just remember that Rick Sanchez ,🥒, collapsed a Galactic Federation by changing a 1 into a 0.
in·fin·i·ty
MATHEMATICS
a number greater than any assignable quantity or countable number (symbol ∞).
What is the meaning of zero in Webster's dictionary?
a. : the arithmetical symbol 0 or 0̸ denoting the absence of all magnitude or quantity.
b. : additive identity. specifically : the number between the set of all negative numbers and the set of all positive numbers.
Zero is the most important number in mathematics and is both a real and an imaginary number with a horizon through it.
Zero-dimensional space is the greatest dimension in physics and is both a real and an imaginary dimension with an event horizon through it.
Read Leibniz's Monadology 📖 and consider that the Monad is the zero-dimensional space binding our quarks together with the strong force (it is). The other side of the Monad is Monos (Alone) and this side is Monas (Singularity) and there's an event horizon between them. So El/Elohim or Theos/Logos etc pick your language.
Isn't God supposed to be outside of space (1D, 2D, 3D) and time (4D)? Well, 0D is outside of space and time:
0D (not-natural) = dimensionless and timeless
1D-3D (natural) = spatial dimensions
4D (natural) = temporal dimension
[RATE MY THEORY / 1-10 Good to Bad]:
(part 2; fart clouds of probability "💨 + 😶🌫️")
Quarks are dimensionless (no size) and timeless (not-natural). The two main quark spin configs two-down, one-up (subatomic to neutron) and two-up, one-down (subatomic to proton) could easily be construed as the male (neutron) and female (proton) image that Elohim made us in during Genesis 1. Quarks experience all 3 fundamental forces plus have a fractional electric charge that's why protons and neutrons have electrons orbiting around.
A) The postulated soul has 1. no spatial extension, 2. zero size and 3. exact location only.
B) Quarks are mass with no size measured in Megaelectron Volts.
Conclusion: A and B are the same thing, you goofy goobers.
Important point 👉 (dont forget): 0D (zero) is different from 1D-10D (nonzero) because 0D is a not-natural dimension whereas 1D-10D are natural dimensions.
0D monad (Creator event horizon)
1D, 2D, 3D are spatial (space) dimensions
1D line
2D width
3D height
4D, 5D, 6D are temporal (time) dimensions
4D length
5D breadth
6D depth
7D, 8D, 9D are spectral (energy) dimensions
7D continuous
8D emission
9D absorption
10D black hole (Destroyer event horizon)
It is impossible for 1D-9D to have an event horizon since only 0D has an event horizon. 10D at least contains a placeholder 0 for its event horizon.
The other side of the event horizon at the zero-of yourself (near horizon) is God.
The other side of the event horizon of a black hole (far horizon) is not God.
It's a mirror universe with 0D at the center. This side (Elohim; singularity) is contingent and less real (the natural dimensions anyway) and the other side (El; alone) is necessary and more real (pretty sure the entirety of the other side remains locally real and simply "knowing Good" but yeah sue me if im wrong 💵).
The zero-of ourselves (more real 👻) was made by the Holy Trinity in Genesis 1 which should not be confused with the Unholy Trinity in Genesis 2 who constantly messes with the 1D, 2D, 3D parts of us (less real 🤷♂️).
The Holy Trinity is our greatest conceivable hue-monad (soul). Dimensionless and timeless. Three that are not each other but cannot be divided further. Singularity.
Could literally be standing right beside you...BOO!
just kidding of course thatd be crazy...or is it entirely possible and they're totally right there just watching you 👀 not understand MY THEORY!!!
[RATE MY THEORY / 1-10 Good to Bad]:
(part 2; clouds of probability "💨 + 😶🌫️")
Quarks are dimensionless (no size) and timeless (not-natural). The two main quark spin configs two-down, one-up (subatomic to neutron) and two-up, one-down (subatomic to proton) could easily be construed as the male (neutron) and female (proton) image that Elohim made us in during Genesis 1. Quarks experience all 3 fundamental forces plus have a fractional electric charge that's why protons and neutrons have electrons orbiting around.
A) The postulated soul has 1. no spatial extension, 2. zero size and 3. exact location only.
B) Quarks are mass with no size measured in Megaelectron Volts.
Conclusion: A and B are the same thing, you goofy goobers.
Important point 👉 (dont forget): 0D (zero) is different from 1D-10D (nonzero) because 0D is a not-natural dimension whereas 1D-10D are natural dimensions.
0D monad (Creator event horizon)
1D, 2D, 3D are spatial (space) dimensions
1D line
2D width
3D height
4D, 5D, 6D are temporal (time) dimensions
4D length
5D breadth
6D depth
7D, 8D, 9D are spectral (energy) dimensions
7D continuous
8D emission
9D absorption
10D black hole (Destroyer event horizon)
It is impossible for 1D-9D to have an event horizon since only 0D has an event horizon. 10D at least contains a placeholder 0 for its event horizon.
The other side of the event horizon at the zero-of yourself (near horizon) is God.
The other side of the event horizon of a black hole (far horizon) is not God.
It's a mirror universe with 0D at the center. This side (Elohim; singularity) is contingent and less real (the natural dimensions anyway) and the other side (El; alone) is necessary and more real (pretty sure the entirety of the other side remains locally real and simply "knowing Good" but yeah sue me if im wrong 💵).
The zero-of ourselves (more real 👻) was made by the Holy Trinity in Genesis 1 which should not be confused with the Unholy Trinity in Genesis 2 who constantly messes with the 1D, 2D, 3D parts of us (less real 🤷♂️).
The Holy Trinity is our greatest conceivable hue-monad (soul). Dimensionless and timeless. Three that are not each other but cannot be divided further. Singularity.
Could literally be standing right beside you...BOO!
just kidding of course thatd be crazy...or is it entirely possible and they're totally right there just watching you 👀 not understand MY THEORY!!!
El is not a God of Hebrews but Gentiles like the Canaanites.
Yahweh has some loose and one small tight tie to El bit Yahweh being the father figure he wants to be is More like BAL and ASHRH and MRDK.
All gods are man made and imaginary.
Except the one who created the universe.
@@gabrielleangelica1977Except The Many Trues Whom Created The Universe The True Elahyims the Real Most Highs BAL and ASHRH and MRDK and The Others.
Of course there are many gods and idols in a fallen corrupted world... as the Bible clearly explains.
No theirs anti Theism monotheism and suitheism aka anti poly anti mono anti Gods in General like mormons/jws/sdas and CULTianity and satanism in this real fallen world that the Bible rules on and caused the fall on.
At the 20:00 mark McClellan takes 5 minutes to slander YHWH as a power (Al/El) who instructed child sacrifice. To make his case McClellan uses a bad translation out of context of Ezekiel 20:25-26, compare translations. But in YHWH's own words He never prescribed what McClellan and others falsely project onto Him / slander Him. Jeremiah 7:31 "And they have built the high places of Tophet, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to burn their sons and their daughters in the fire; *WHICH I COMMANDED THEM NOT, neither came it into My heart."*
⬆⬆When one verse (Jeremiah 7:31) can make Dan McClennan's doctorate degree trash! 🤣
From Thom Stark who is a Christian and Biblical scholar:
"And early on, the chosen people practiced human sacrifice? Let’s hear it; what’s your evidence?
Well the evidence is complex, and I lay much of it out in my book. But the short version is that human sacrifice was a rare but widespread practice in ancient Near Eastern religion, and there is evidence that until about the seventh and sixth centuries BCE, it was an acceptable part of Israelite and Judean religion as well. There’s the story of the near-sacrifice of Isaac by his father Abraham. It is popularly believed that because an angel prevented Abraham from killing his son at the last moment, the story constitutes a condemnation of child sacrifice. But that’s not the case. Isaac is spared not because human sacrifice is seen to be immoral, but because Isaac was the child of promise and needed to survive. In reality, the account depends upon the logic of human sacrifice, because Abraham is praised for his willingness to kill his own son to appease Yahweh.
There is evidence that ancient Israelites believed that human sacrifices could be offered to Yahweh in exchange for victory in battle against their enemies. *The Israelite warrior Jephthah sacrificed his virgin daughter to Yahweh in fulfillment of a vow he made in order to secure Yahweh’s help in battle.* The same ideology can be seen in some early accounts of the Canaanite conquest, in which Yahweh gives Israelites victory against Canaanite armies, and the Israelites in turn slaughter all of the women and children in payment to Yahweh for his aid.
*There’s also evidence that Yahweh commanded human sacrifice in the law of Moses.* Later, when the practice of human sacrifice fell into disrepute among elite circles, *the prophet Ezekiel confirms that Yahweh commanded human sacrifice,* but interprets that command as a form of punishment for Israel’s disobedience. Ezekiel needed a way to deal with that tradition found in Exodus 22, and did so by claiming that Yahweh ordered them to kill their firstborn sons as a way of getting back at them for their lack of faith in him. Obviously Ezekiel’s solution to the problem was problematic in itself, but at least we can thank him for helping to put an end to the institution of child sacrifice in Israelite religion."
*"Polytheism and Human Sacrifice in Early Israelite Religion"* | ExChristian.Net
@NickVanderLaan7 A Biblical scholar you are not, champ.
Thanks for that 👍🏼
The Bible is not univocal. The text of Ezekiel says God gave them bad commandments. So either we have a contradiction, the author of Ezekiel made it up or the author of Jeremiah made it up.
Wonderful speculation. Not convincing at all
Israel was strictly monotheistic in their teachings.
The Bible is clear though, from time to time they apostatized and dabbled in polytheism.
It was always a minority and was also condemned by the majority.
Dan is wrong.
He gets a lot wrong.
Monotheism means that there is no other god except one. But the bible recognises many gods. And historically Yhwh was just one of the gods in the divine council. And the the torah was written by many different authors who used different sources. Later authors came up with monotheistic ideas
@@JopJio
What you state is a hypothesis and many academics and scholar’s disagree.
The divine council were created angelic beings who were referred to as elohim
As were men, by the way.
You speak as this idea is a consensus.
Its not, my friend.
@@joseph_miller they are god's and this is backed up by archeological evidence too and most scholars. Yhwh and his Ashera etc is a known fact. The torah written by many different authors too.
And even if we ignore all of it, the bible recognises the existence of many other gods. The divine council is just one of many examples. This is no monotheism.
Buddy, *you're* the one arguing against the evidence here. If you've got any proof for what you're saying *_that isn't solely the bible_* then present it.
@joseph_miller You sound like you've done no investigation whatsoever.
Scholarship below.
---------------------------------------------------------
According to the general consensus of scholarship *(even critical Christian scholars),* YHWH was originally incorporated into the Canaanite pantheon as a son of the Canaanite high god El before inheriting the top spot in the pantheon and El's wife Athirat (Asherah) before religious reforms "divorced" them. El's pantheon in Ugarit is called the *Elohim,* literally the plural of El. Interestingly, the Biblical god is also referred to numerous times as Elohim. If you want to see if El is fictional, just read his mythology in the Ugaritic/Canaanite texts.
"The mysterious Ugaritic text Shachar and Shalim tells how (perhaps near the beginning of all things) *El* came to shores of the sea and saw two women who bobbed up and down. *El* was sexually aroused and took the two with him, killed a bird by throwing a staff at it, and roasted it over a fire. He asked the women to tell him when the bird was fully cooked, and to then address him either as husband or as father, for he would thenceforward behave to them as they called him. They saluted him as husband. He then lay with them, and they gave birth to Shachar ("Dawn") and Shalim ("Dusk"). Again *El* lay with his wives and the wives gave birth to "the gracious gods", "cleavers of the sea", "children of the sea". The names of these wives are not explicitly provided, but some confusing rubrics at the beginning of the account mention the goddess *Athirat (Asherah),* who is otherwise *El's* chief wife, and the goddess Raḥmayyu ("the one of the womb"), otherwise unknown."
*"First, a god named El predates the arrival of the Israelites into Syria-Palestine.* Biblical usage shows El was not just a generic noun, but often a proper name for Israel’s God (e.g., Gen 33:20: “El, the God of Israel”)."
"I should add here that it is very clear from the grammar that the noun nachalah in v. 9 should be translated “inheritance.” *Yahweh receives Israel as his “inheritance” (nachalah), just as the other sons of El received their nations as their inheritance (nachal, v. 8).* With this verb, especially in the Hiphil, the object is always what is being given as an inheritance. Thus, Israel is given to Yahweh as his inheritance. ((Here I’m indebted to Dan McClellan.)) It would make no sense for Elyon to give himself an inheritance. Moreover, as I’ve argued elsewhere, it is not just the Gentile nations that are divided up according to the number of the sons of El. It is all of humankind, i.e., “the sons of Adam.” This clearly includes Israel. And the sons of Adam are not divided up according to the number of the sons of El, plus one (i.e., plus Elyon). They are divided up, according to the text, solely according to the number of the sons of El. *Thus, that Yahweh receives Israel as his inheritance makes Yahweh one of the sons of El mentioned in v. 8. Any other construal of the text would constitute its rewriting.*
A Sumerian hymn speaks to the goddess: “Nanshe, your divine powers are not matched by any other divine powers.” *Does this mean that Nanshe was the high goddess, that there were no gods above her? No, it does not.* Nanshe was the daughter of Enki, the high god. *In Sumerian mythology, as with Ugaritic, Israelite, Babylonian, and others, in the ancient past, the high god (Enki, in this case) divided up the world and assigned his children certain domains.* Nanshe was given a limited domain (the modern Persian Gulf) and was tasked with maintaining social justice there. *This is exactly what we see in Deuteronomy 32 with Yahweh. Yahweh is given a limited domain (Israel) and is given authority over his people, to punish them, as well as to protect and defend them against foreign enemies.* That Yahweh, like Nanshe, is said to have incomparable divine power *does not* mean that he is not subordinate to the high god who gave him his domain. *It is also of note that Nanshe, like Baal, Yahweh, and so many other deities, evolved over time. Her domain increased, and she was promoted in the pantheon (although she never became the high goddess)."*
*"The Most Heiser: Yahweh and Elyon in Psalm 82 and Deuteronomy 32 - Religion at the Margins"* based on the *majority scholarly consensus.*
(Written by Thom Stark who is a Christian)
*"Michael Heiser: A Unique Species? - Religion at the Margins"*
(A second response to Michael Heiser)
*"Excerpt from “Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan” by John Day - Lehi's Library."*
*"The Table of Nations: The Geography of the World in Genesis 10"* - TheTorah.com
(Excluding the short narrative on Nimrod (vv. 8-12), *which appears to be a later addition,* Genesis 10 contains *70* names of nations or cities, a number that was symbolic of totality. Similarly, the descendants of Jacob were *70* in number (Gen 46:37; Exod 1:5), *as were the sons of the supreme Canaanite god El, with whom YHWH became equated.)*
*"Polytheism and Ancient Israel’s Canaanite Heritage. Part V | theyellowdart"*
(Of course, much of this [i.e., that Israel worshiped El and Asherah alongside YHWH] is really to be expected given that recent syntheses of the *archaeological, cultural, and literary data* pertaining to the emergence of the nation of Israel in the Levant *show that most of the people who would eventually compose this group were originally Canaanite. As the Hebrew Bible notes, the Hebrew language itself is a Canaanite language, literally the “lip of Canaan” (שְׂפַת כְּנַעַן; Is. **19:18**), and so it cannot often be distinguished by modern scholars from other Canaanite inscriptions on purely linguistic grounds.)*
*"Ugarit - New World Encyclopedia"*
(Ugaritic religion centered on the chief god, Ilu or El, whose titles included "Father of mankind" and "Creator of the creation." The Court of El was referred to as the (plural) 'lhm or ***Elohim,*** a word ***later used by the biblical writers to describe the Hebrew deity*** and translated into English as "God," in the singular.
El, which was ***also the name of the God of Abraham,*** was described as an aged deity with white hair, seated on a throne.)
*"Mark Smith: Yahweh as El’s Son & Yahweh’s Ascendency - Lehi's Library"*
(Mark Smith is a Catholic)
*"God, Gods, and Sons (and Daughters) of God in the Hebrew Bible. Part III | theyellowdart"*
*"02 | December | 2009 | Daniel O. McClellan - Psalm 82"*
(Daniel McClellan is a Mormon)
*"Elohim | Daniel O. McClellan"*
(Refer to the article "Angels and Demons (and Michael Heiser)")
*"God's Wife Edited Out of the Bible - Almost."*
(Pay attention to whose wife Asherah (Athirat) is in the Ugaritic/Canaanite texts and how she became the wife of YHWH/Yahweh)
*"Yahweh's Divorce from the Goddess Asherah in the Garden of Eden - Mythology Matters."*
*"Asherah, God's Wife in Ancient Israel. Part IV - theyellowdart"*
*"The Gates of Ishtar - El, was the original god of the bible."*
*"The Gates of Ishtar - Anath in the Elephantine Papyri"*
(In addition to Asherah (Athirat) being the consort of Yahweh, it appears some Israelites also viewed the Canaanite goddess Anat(h) as Yahweh's consort)
*"Canaanite Religion - New World Encyclopedia"*
(Refer to the section "Relationship to Biblical Religion")
*"The Syncretization of Yahweh and El : reddit/AcademicBiblical"*
(For a good summary of all of the above articles)
Watch Professor Christine Hayes who lectures on the Hebrew Bible at Yale University. Watch lecture 2 from 40:40 to 41:50 minutes, lecture 7 from 30:00 minutes onwards, lecture 8 from 12:00 to 17:30 minutes and lecture 12 from 27:40 minutes onwards.
Watch *"Pagan Origins of Judaism"* by Sigalius Myricantur and read the description in the video to see the scholarship the video is based on.
Watch *"How Monotheism Evolved"* by Sigalius Myricantur and watch up to at least 21:40.
Watch *"Atheism - A History of God (The Polytheistic Origins of Christianity and Judaism)"*
(By a former theist)
Watch *"The Origins of Yahweh"* by Derreck Bennett at Atheologica.