Hi all. RUclips appears to be recommending this video due to the 2020 coronavirus outbreak. For reliable information regarding this outbreak, we recommend you visit the Center for Disease Control's website: www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html
Just because I have too much time to think: "Corona" is an anagram for "Racoon" Shortening "Corona virus" result in "C virus" C virus was an evolved form of T virus that destroyed racoon city I also have no knowledge of biology and play way too much games. Enjoy the algorithm!
Hey! I'm a molecular biologist, my field of expertise being early evolution and synthetic DNA constructs. Just wanted to say that I'm glad to see you did your homework well and explained all the more important aspects and theories behind viral evolution, and in an easy-to-understand way too. I myself believe the emergent complexity theory is right, maybe because I used to do a lot of research on really simple insertion elements (very basic DNA sequences that emerge in bacterial genomes and can jump around in DNA). and the way they enable more complex DNA constructs to evolve. As to wether viri are alive - Tough question. On one hand they lack a lot of key features that we define as life. On the other hand, they show behavior associated with advanced life, such as assessing their enviroment and making decisions based on their conditions. Anyway, congrats to your video, it was a treat to watch!
"On the other hand, they show behavior associated with advanced life, such as assessing their environment and making decisions based on their conditions. " Take notice! Perfect follow-up video!
What if in the primordial soup, In a similar way amino-acids and RNA were made, probably a bit more complex viruses were made and they would just float or sink? aimlessly for eons, Like you can create sparks easier than creating a lightning (and once the lightning struck the long lasting relationship started, pretty much how mitochondria ended up in the cell.) - my guess is that they were created on the bottom of the ocean near volcanic vents, in porous rocks.
I am a molecular geneticist (I also have a math degree), and I agree this was pretty well done. As for life, there is no question, viruses are not alive. The definition of "life" includes homeostasis. We are scientists, not lawyers. We don't to do the "it all depends on what 'is' is" thing. If we want viruses to be alive, then we need to change the definition of life just like we changed to definition of a planet to get rid of that pesky Pluto.
I've always found the argument over whether viruses are alive or not to be fascinating. It almost becomes a philosophical question, rather than a purely scientific one.
I always wondered so where does it go when the pandemic dies down? Is that considered its death ? Does it have consciousness I think is the hard part to grasp.
ann N no it doesn’t die, it hides. Ebola just went away on its own. Its still there, its just gearing up to mutate and come back stronger the next time around. Viruses are smart and we probably wont outsmart them. Vaccines help to keep that current strand in check. Once that virus evolves it will require a new vaccine. Hence flu shots every year.
Some viruses can cause extremely complex results. Eg the rabies virus makes saliva build up in the mouth (so it can be transferred to a new host), makes the host hydrophobic (fear of water means the salvia isn’t being washed away), and makes the host aggressive (likely to bite and spread the virus in the saliva). This is done once the virus becomes established in the host’s brain. Pretty insane.
@@Eudbfusiwniu6 Mutation. If I give you a blindfold, darts, a dart board, and tell you to spin in place while throwing darts, with enough time, you will hit bullseye. Each viral feature mentioned helps with transmission, and are the equivalent of hitting bullseyes repeatedly.
This was explained really well. If you try looking it up online, you’re more than likely going to find more complicated and harder to understand information on this topic, written for people who are already familiar with the basics in this field.
Mr Shambleface Exactly!! I was thrown back to my freshman genetics class and the whole time I was watching I was thinking "why couldn't my professor just explain it like this??"
I feel like they've mentioned it in passing a few times in other videos but haven't done a full video of its own. Like the one about why we have live birth.
Herpes, AIDS and hepatitis have benefits against other diseases. However, I'm not sure that I'd see them as advantagous. For example, AIDS (a virus) makes you resistant to sickle cell disease because it changes the cell shape. Both are horrible diseases but you can live a long life (50) with sickle cell whereas an undiagnosed AIDS patient with full blown AIDS lives for 7-10 years with death following in 1-2 years. Getting diagnosed early and receiving appropriate treatment mkaeste difference between a 10-12 year life span and a normal life span.
I like this guy, he's so entertaining and doesn't waste time, plus talks with this sort of humour. I don't know what to call it. But it makes me smile.
If you're exposed to an infected person who may cough, and if the aerosol or droplets with virus enter deep into your lungs and cause pneumonia like condition, that would make you a critically ill patient needing oxygen or ventilator. 😷💊💉
People will line up for miles to get the vaccine and if you do not have it people will treat you like a witch in the vatican times..."Bill Cooper" 1996
In order to cause a widespread genetic impact on various species/kinds, viruses didn't necessarily have to immediately mutate the reproductive cells of a common evolutionary ancestor. While no other altered cells could pass their mutations down to offspring, specific viruses which caused the mutations and who populate the bodies of their hosts without triggering immune response, or in triggering a survivable immune response, can be passed to offspring, as well as to other species/kinds sharing the same habitat. The communicable virus can then cause similar mutations in the new hosts, eventually spreading the mutations into reproductive cells. In other words, a viral mutation could plausibly leap between reproductively incompatible mammals.
Right, although the mutation could be different between the inhabitants of the place the virus is spreading. To pass on the same exact mutation one has it has to be necessarily through gametes. But I like your idea better because it can have more diverse effects on the hosts.
Since most of paleovirology is based on studying viral genome integrated into their hosts' DNA, I wonder is there any way to know about the natural history of RNA viruses that do not have a DNA intermediate in their life cycles?
Not really. Viruses just reproduce and mutate so quickly that almost none of their older genes are still around, so we can't find common ancestors or anything like that.
Nope. We've seen MERS and SARS - bot corona viruses. SARS killed 744 people worldwide in 2004. I can't remember the figure for MERS. Corona viruses are associated with the common cold.
@@deepstariaenigmatica2601 Worse, yes. But those viruses are too greedy to cause a pandemic. They kill too quickly to infect enough new hosts. The Wuhan Coronavirus spreads easily and can remain dormant for weeks. It's possible to be a host without showing any symptoms, and you're a danger to those around you without even being aware of it.
@@anhbayar11 Viruses have no sense of life. They are just a blob of protein with a bio-algorithm(DNA) telling them to hunt a cell, hack the nucleus with that DNA and reproduce.
My virology professor actually told me that the protein syncitin is of viral origin is now a part of the mammalian placenta. I think that's pretty cool!
@@grinningduck8322 No, Tsavorite Prince appears to be asserting that the virus which injected syncitin into mammalian placenta must date back to the first placental mammals or earlier mammals with similar structures. Which I disagree with, that is only implicated if all or most placental mammals have syncitin in their placentas. It actually appears that many mammals have different sources for syncitin genes, though most if not all appear to be viral. Check out doi 10.1073/pnas.1115346109
@@CaptianSwan, exactly. For instance, human syncytin has nothing to do with its sheep and goat analogues. They derive from very distant retrovirus lineages.
@@joshuab2437 Antibiotics cure only bacterial infections. Eventually can prevent development of bacterial infection alongside viral one. Virus you always fight yourself with your immune system (which you can support in different ways) and it will manage. The only other thing that helps with virus is vaccine. In viral infection you treat symptoms and strenghten organism and that's it.
I've had my virus for 30 years, lots of meds to keep it in check have ruined my body, but I'm alive, incontinent, incognitive, neuropothic, arthritic, immobile, alive.
Whilst i don't know if this is true, here is what i heard/read in the internet: at some point in the evolution (when monkeys turned human), there was something called a cognitive traidoff. There, they lost the ability to remember things they saw for half a second but gained language ( watch ruclips.net/video/ktkjUjcZid0/видео.html for a video about that). *If* this is true, then this probably took many generations, and as language (or perhaps just communication, not every communication is language, as you said) became more important, they also lost this part of this memory for every stop forward in communication.
Doesn’t make sense the most ancient text is 5000 years old. We should find older than that. 10,000? 15,000? Such a coincidence most ancient text are around 5000 years ago.
When I took a course in bio psychology (“Genes & Behavior”) in the 1990s, the instructor told us that viruses were _renegade mitochondrial DNA or RNA._
I have actually really been wondering about this, so thank you for covering it. While we are on the subject, how did parasites evolve. Perhaps you could take a look at how some modern ones like lampreys, paracitic ants. and ticks came to be. I would also be really interested in learning about some more of the stuff from the cambrian, like ophabia and anomalicaris. Bizzare lifeforms really facinate me. If you could please even just let me know that this is condidered, I would be very thankful, so thanks in advance.
Parasitism is a extremely broad topic that would probably need a series rather than a single video to address as parasitism seems to be extremely ancient quite possibly as old as life itself
What Dragrath1 said. Parasitism is too broad a topic. PBS Eons tends to cover specific events or specific groups of organisms (in an evolutionary sense, i.e. clades). Then again, the last video was about adaptive radiation, but using the Triassic as an anchor point/example. So parasitism could be covered... but maybe over several videos sprinkled here and there.
The Creature: parasitism is a strategy of survival, not a species. It appears in many different parts of the tree of life because it is a sound strategy used by many organisms. I believe there are more parasitic organisms than not parasitic...
Many other organisms pick up genetic material from other distant organisms, not just viruses. For instance, endosymbiotic relations usually lead gene transfer. Coincidentally, quite often viruses act as gene transfer vectors between distant organisms that haven't even established a symbiotic relationship. On the their hand, bacteria are specialists at picking up genetic material from their environment or directly transferring pieces of their genetic material to other bacteria, often of very different species.
"They're just bits of protein and genetic information that might give you some sniffles...or worse" Such a small thing is creating such a great problem!!!¡!
@@Chaoscelus Spanish grammar uses upside down exclamation and question marks at the beginning of a statement/question as well as a normal one at the end. So it's just Spanish keyboard settings.
@@sunnyjim1355 I'm a Brazillian typing on an English keyboard but I can type inverted ! and ? using Alt Gr on a normal ABTN (Associação Brasileira de Técnicas e Normas) keyboard. We speak Portuguese, btw. Portuguese speaking natives understand Spanish quite easily but they have a hard time understanding us (try LangFocus, he might have a video on that). That being said, his/her name looks from southeast Asia and there a lot of Spanish colonized countries there. Let me stop here, I'm sounding like Vsauce...
We need to ask, is it the alleged virus itself doing the lockdowns or our governments reaction to the alleged virus? Big difference. Some countries had no lockdown and they had no excess deaths. In fact there are no excess deaths anywhere.
"Virus are so much simpler than cellular life, they must have evolved first". I dont know about that one; because a virus' simplicity is what makes them effective and if they are evolved specifically to attach or infect specific species then surely the host species would have to have originated first? Otherwise viruses would be "floating around" without a purpose in the world literally not doing anything like an anomoly which doesn't fit in anywhere
@@CorwynGC Constructed? As in man-made? What about the reproductive system? Mitochondria? One might say they have functions, but how is that any different -practically speaking - than saying they have a purpose? Unless, of course, one is trying to interject a metaphysical opinion into the mix.
@@logosao88 The difference between 'Function' and 'Purpose' is the presence of a goal seeking agent. 'Purpose' is a thing which resides in the brain of a maker, not in an object. Not all man-made, a beaver dam has a purpose.
Loved learning about viruses and bacteria in college, pathogenic and non pathogenic. Really interesting and extremely worrying just how much damage they can do, including death 😳 Great video thankyou 🙏🏻
Cameron Duvall some Species are capable of raising their young such as the Roadrunner(Yes believe it or not, Roadrunners are part of The Cuckoo family), but there are also many that partake in Brood Parasitism
I wonder if this is genetic or maybe one day a few million year ago a Cuckoo didn't want to go through the work of taking care of its eggs so left them in the neighbors nest. The hatchling would later do the same, because "bad parents make bad children" stuff :p
That was very interesting. Thank you. I am waiting for someone to come out with a video about the history and evolution of bedbugs. They have been around since the dinosaurs, but why? They don't live on their host. They nest nearby and sneak a ride to another locale to build another nest near another host. Weird. Their reproduction is just awful, too. Why, why, why? Thanks.
that is actualy true!! carbon-hydrogen based complex moleclues like RNA and DNA was produced during the end of Hedean eon (When the earth was a ball of soidified but still hot lava with a shallow body of water covering most of it and small specs of rocky land made of cooled lava)
I have. Epstein bar virus infection when i was you. I also had influenza at the same time i had mono. Epstein bar. This gave me chronic fatigue syndrome and fibro. The consequenseses have been awful a life long search to control symtoms.
RUclips is owned by Google. You Googled somethings about viruses and it was included as part of the RUclips algorithm. Then the RUclips algorithm decided it would work for once and ta-da
I think at the very least, viruses evolved almost simultaneously with cellular life, since they are so simple that something superficially resembling a virus probably existed before cellular life, and once cellular life came into existence, a new niche for parasites also came into existence.
Kind of like an Arms Race. Simple exposed RNA/DNA beginnings, then some evolved a protective shell (cell walls), then exposed rna/dna evolved to penetrate the cell wall.
I like the "escape" hypothesis myself, with the twist that it wasn't so much "escape" as "cast off" when a cell division failed to complete and the DNA broke up and some piece found shelter in a protein. To me this helps explain how, over long periods, viruses are so species specific, they're most likely to be able to invade a cell in their origin species.
PBS EONS has become my favorite channel. Amazingly documented, funny, very interesting. For many of us that love Paleontology and Anthropology topics, we enjoy all these videos, Thank you guys, and all presenters. As one more viewer like many others I just want to say: keep going guys! and keep making these kinds of videos!
@@mikemondano3624 a level bio is at all basic go look at the exams they do search a level bio aqa exam you will so also I think. He meant subtle info or some key words
When you see data going back and forth, they're at the frontier of Science, when you see established scientific theory that has no new evidence to alter them, they are called scientific fact. Example like evolution theory, that's actually better than fact because it's always being challenged but always proved it's true. There are difference in the science field.
That's because before genomics evidence available was only dating to 500 years old... with genomics evidence demonstrates the origin timeline to be much older. So yes, appreciation should be given to evidence based knowledge aka science.
This was an amazingly clear and easy to understand video. Better then the most videos explaining viruses and how they work and originate. Good job PBS and this guy.
Loved this video! Viruses certainly occupy a gray area when it comes to the tree of life. Could Eons do a video on the evolution of sleep? I'd love to see that!!
Mind-blowing! If it's so, I think viruses might have been dead because they didn't have a host. Some viruses can survive for yeards without a host though e.g. feline panleukopenia.
About the various pathways of virus evolution: I think perhaps all of them are correct, and it's rather a question of, "where does THIS virus come from? Like, viruses have evolved many times over, from different bases. If "virus" is not a phylum but a niche, just like "flying animal", or "plant-eating organism", that would make a lot of sense, I think.
Possibly. I don't know if it's been determined how related some groups of viruses are to each other. If we can't see any clear relation between different virus groups then they might not be related at all.
Ah, while the children play with rats in India I' m wondering about all the videos of snakes, rats and cats in China now ? Lots of parasites in those! And, ...Where did we put that old microscope we had in high school ?
I watched this video a long time ago. I came back to it because I finally understood that virus might possibly be the reason life itself started. These structures simpler than living cells came into contact with other structures that had the other materials needed to reproduce. I see from this video, the argument is still up in the air.
Great video. I hope you do a video on Prions. While there are many out there, I enjoy the way you present information. Seems easier for me to absorb it.
I love Blake videos! I’d love to learn more about Archaea. (I hope there isn’t already an Eons episode about them that I’ve missed). Perhaps an episode on the history of Archaea and why that relatively new big branch at the top of the tree is important... Thanks PBS Digital, Eons and Space Time are fantastic series!
Nice work Blake! First time to watch this channel... I knew you were the Chief Editor on Sci-Show, but I've never seen you host... really clear - thanks!
@@amazingpowers6056 Actually it's a technique to build suspense. Hans zimmer, the composer who wrote the score for inception and interstellar, is well known to use it. ex: in interstellar when they land on the water planet, he set's the beat to a clock tic, and rhythm; and yes i know that music has inherent rhythm, but what made this scene peculiar is that it is almost like a "clock-song". all in all it is to increase our suspenseful senses, and draw our attention to the seriousness, importance, and/or specificity of the situation! so please dont mock or insult without knowing first! thank you! here's a link: ruclips.net/video/o_Ay_iDRAbc/видео.html ps: the same track is used when cooper tries to reach the docking station that's about to crash on the ice planet!
One model of virus origin you didn't mention was the idea of weaponised genetic information. Bacteria can pass genetic information between each other, because bacteria may benefit from the survival of other bacteria and thus cooperation is beneficial. When bacteria compete, obviously passing around harmful genetic information is effective for harming countless fellow bacteria; essentially, a non-replicating virus.. If that harmful genetic information so happened to have instructions for itself to be replicated, then the virus would be free to prey on bacteria without any bacterium actively weaponising it.
@@andycopeland7051 Guess it just sucks to be one of the 0.3% who died then, right?! Or what about the ones who survived but only due to modern medical interventions? Or the ones that lived, but now have to deal with long term, if not life long, problems like damaged lungs and heart? Or the ones with no symptoms at all but have to live with the knowledge that they passed the virus onto someone who ended up in one of the 3 other groups? Oh well, must be nice not to be burdened with empathy....
@@seanmorgan2356 That's not empathy. It's sympathy. You feel sorrow for sorrowful events; sympathy. With empathy, you'd feel the sorrow. But you'd also feel the practical perspective as well. Technically, I'm assuming that you cannot empath with a practical perspective. But you're also assuming that he cannot empath with the affected minority.
![Kumamoto Masters Japan 2024 | Gregoria Mariska Tunjung (INA) [5] vs. Akane Yamaguchi (JPN) [2] | F](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/EIjZybhsWqA/mqdefault.jpg)
Hi all. RUclips appears to be recommending this video due to the 2020 coronavirus outbreak. For reliable information regarding this outbreak, we recommend you visit the Center for Disease Control's website: www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html
Yep, I know I already watched this, but it's good for a refresher :D
yea
That's why I'm here
I’m actually here because I just got done watching the coronavirus stuff. But I genuinely like this show and I’m glad it got recommend.
Just because I have too much time to think:
"Corona" is an anagram for "Racoon"
Shortening "Corona virus" result in "C virus"
C virus was an evolved form of T virus that destroyed racoon city
I also have no knowledge of biology and play way too much games.
Enjoy the algorithm!
Can't believe these things evolved to also infect computers.
😯jk
@@luisc7291 can you be my friend
@@paranormalphenomena563 yes
@@paranormalphenomena563 😍ill give you my viruses
@@luisc7291 I'm not a female btw
Hey! I'm a molecular biologist, my field of expertise being early evolution and synthetic DNA constructs. Just wanted to say that I'm glad to see you did your homework well and explained all the more important aspects and theories behind viral evolution, and in an easy-to-understand way too. I myself believe the emergent complexity theory is right, maybe because I used to do a lot of research on really simple insertion elements (very basic DNA sequences that emerge in bacterial genomes and can jump around in DNA). and the way they enable more complex DNA constructs to evolve. As to wether viri are alive - Tough question. On one hand they lack a lot of key features that we define as life. On the other hand, they show behavior associated with advanced life, such as assessing their enviroment and making decisions based on their conditions. Anyway, congrats to your video, it was a treat to watch!
"On the other hand, they show behavior associated with advanced life, such as assessing their environment and making decisions based on their conditions. "
Take notice! Perfect follow-up video!
I don't know if you have heard of "viroids" but I think they are the basis for all life on the planet.
What if in the primordial soup, In a similar way amino-acids and RNA were made, probably a bit more complex viruses were made and they would just float or sink? aimlessly for eons, Like you can create sparks easier than creating a lightning (and once the lightning struck the long lasting relationship started, pretty much how mitochondria ended up in the cell.) - my guess is that they were created on the bottom of the ocean near volcanic vents, in porous rocks.
I am a molecular geneticist (I also have a math degree), and I agree this was pretty well done.
As for life, there is no question, viruses are not alive. The definition of "life" includes homeostasis. We are scientists, not lawyers. We don't to do the "it all depends on what 'is' is" thing.
If we want viruses to be alive, then we need to change the definition of life just like we changed to definition of a planet to get rid of that pesky Pluto.
Acsabi44 have you ever inspected Sasquatch DNA ?
"over time the relationship became more parasitic... Which sometimes happens......"
*like*
marriage
People in general
codependancy issues
Venom
hence 'toxic friends'.
A virus being a vine around the tree of life...makes so much sense.
It's one of those sentences that on the one hand makes complete sense, but also makes no sense at all 😂
@@India.H It's a metaphore without true content.
Bits of genetic micro factories floating around in a soupy biosphere copying themselves onto ( infecting) this and that organism. Fascinating stuff
From Bill Gates funded Laboratory😤
vines are alive
Why isn't this trending? This is VIRAL
Sorry Blake
Varad Mahashabde People have known this for a long time now..
Uu du ding!
Villainz YumzZ
Varad Mahashabde • 5 months ago (edited)
I see what you did there.
I've always found the argument over whether viruses are alive or not to be fascinating. It almost becomes a philosophical question, rather than a purely scientific one.
That is a fascinating question.
I wager they are alive we just dont like that point of view as it makes it more frightening. Just my 2 cents who knows
ann N i dont think it makes it more frightening but its weird to think it operates as non living. I would also bet its living.
I always wondered so where does it go when the pandemic dies down? Is that considered its death ? Does it have consciousness I think is the hard part to grasp.
ann N no it doesn’t die, it hides. Ebola just went away on its own. Its still there, its just gearing up to mutate and come back stronger the next time around. Viruses are smart and we probably wont outsmart them. Vaccines help to keep that current strand in check. Once that virus evolves it will require a new vaccine. Hence flu shots every year.
Whoever writes this show deserves a raise.
I wrote it. I wrote every single thing. I narrate your life, his life, the sun's life, everyone's lives. Worship me!
Brandon Hernandez okay daddy
You did , and are covertly demanding what you deserve
Ancient strategy , let me know if it worked
Shuli nag jugjug ke eyy!
@@eustace8520 Okay
Some viruses can cause extremely complex results. Eg the rabies virus makes saliva build up in the mouth (so it can be transferred to a new host), makes the host hydrophobic (fear of water means the salvia isn’t being washed away), and makes the host aggressive (likely to bite and spread the virus in the saliva). This is done once the virus becomes established in the host’s brain. Pretty insane.
Like why tf does it happen tho
@@Eudbfusiwniu6 Mutation. If I give you a blindfold, darts, a dart board, and tell you to spin in place while throwing darts, with enough time, you will hit bullseye. Each viral feature mentioned helps with transmission, and are the equivalent of hitting bullseyes repeatedly.
@@zasterheffor interesting
That IS crazy when u REALLY think about it 🤯
@@Eudbfusiwniu6why does anything happen bro
Virus: * slaps roof of *human* *
Virus: you can fit so much *pain and suffering* in here
*;-;*
@mwstar it too hard to tell
Virus: *enters without consent*
UwU ?
@mwstar for a virus probably the top of a cell
First estimate:
Get double crypto at N/A! Great funny comment, I bless you with the offer!
This was explained really well. If you try looking it up online, you’re more than likely going to find more complicated and harder to understand information on this topic, written for people who are already familiar with the basics in this field.
Mr Shambleface Exactly!! I was thrown back to my freshman genetics class and the whole time I was watching I was thinking "why couldn't my professor just explain it like this??"
Another very complicated subject simplified. The video showed 60% of the picture and i guess the remaining 40 is for ppl who r already familiar ;)
Agreed this is science communication done well!
@@grumpledum hey are you busy right now?
Would love to see a video about viruses that have actually caused beneficial mutations in their host.
I feel like they've mentioned it in passing a few times in other videos but haven't done a full video of its own. Like the one about why we have live birth.
It’s recognised 8% of human DNA comes from viruses and some think it may be 50%.
Herpes, AIDS and hepatitis have benefits against other diseases. However, I'm not sure that I'd see them as advantagous. For example, AIDS (a virus) makes you resistant to sickle cell disease because it changes the cell shape. Both are horrible diseases but you can live a long life (50) with sickle cell whereas an undiagnosed AIDS patient with full blown AIDS lives for 7-10 years with death following in 1-2 years. Getting diagnosed early and receiving appropriate treatment mkaeste difference between a 10-12 year life span and a normal life span.
I like this guy, he's so entertaining and doesn't waste time, plus talks with this sort of humour. I don't know what to call it. But it makes me smile.
It's called love, actually :D
He kind of looks and sounds like Lip from Shameless
@@jasonspiskey4148 omg :D had to look him up, but spot on, kinda
Seems like a nice guy but he’s always sweaty and wears bad shirts lol
@@MsSonali1980 what are you talking! Love? 😂😂😂
When you're in isolation and watching videos about why you are in isolation
If you're exposed to an infected person who may cough, and if the aerosol or droplets with virus enter deep into your lungs and cause pneumonia like condition, that would make you a critically ill patient needing oxygen or ventilator. 😷💊💉
That's me ...man
This is not funny.
Yo is this the end... It's horrible in India man
People will line up for miles to get the vaccine and if you do not have it people will treat you like a witch in the vatican times..."Bill Cooper" 1996
This channel produces nothing but gems. The content quality is very high and I always look forward to new episodes
pecu alex, indeed, it makes me want to spread it around
Gems about germs are preferable to germs on gems.
In order to cause a widespread genetic impact on various species/kinds, viruses didn't necessarily have to immediately mutate the reproductive cells of a common evolutionary ancestor.
While no other altered cells could pass their mutations down to offspring, specific viruses which caused the mutations and who populate the bodies of their hosts without triggering immune response, or in triggering a survivable immune response, can be passed to offspring, as well as to other species/kinds sharing the same habitat. The communicable virus can then cause similar mutations in the new hosts, eventually spreading the mutations into reproductive cells.
In other words, a viral mutation could plausibly leap between reproductively incompatible mammals.
Right, although the mutation could be different between the inhabitants of the place the virus is spreading. To pass on the same exact mutation one has it has to be necessarily through gametes. But I like your idea better because it can have more diverse effects on the hosts.
This is one of the best channels on RUclips! Always happy when a new video from it appears in my recommendations😊
Cities & Skyscrapers heck yeah this channel is the bomb.
Watch scishow
I know right! It's such an awesome channel!!
Cities & Skyscrapers Kurzgesagt
pbs enos is what DNews used to be before it turned into seeker....
Are viruses alive?
"Well yes, but actually no".
Shrödinger's virus
😂😂😂 yes duh
I think the real reason is because of the pro lifers. " all life is pressies"
@@joshuaa.kennedy8837 please dont unrelated topics into this commet thread.
@@aboveanonymous4810 how is that unrelated?
I'm like a virus, I live and breathe and yet I don't have a life.
Now this is a comment I can get behind
Dope
Do you have a microscope ?
But are you dependent on a host?
How pathetic I AM a virus
Since most of paleovirology is based on studying viral genome integrated into their hosts' DNA, I wonder is there any way to know about the natural history of RNA viruses that do not have a DNA intermediate in their life cycles?
I think virology had it backwards.
Not really. Viruses just reproduce and mutate so quickly that almost none of their older genes are still around, so we can't find common ancestors or anything like that.
Ah RUclips, how smart of you to recommend this to us during a pandemic. This video was actually very interesting though.
I searched it up
Numpty
For you and 215 people maybe, not the other 4.5 million viewers. 🤣
What pandemic.
I got it recommended after watching a video about bugs lmao
Of course it's now being recommended to everyone
The video is spreading
It went viral.
I know... but nobody else commented it yet.
Corona time
Exynouz at least RUclips is trying to encourage people to learn about what’s happening in their bodies and how viruses work.
That's true I never thought of that
"They're just bits of protein and genetic information that might give you some sniffles... or worse"
Yup, it's quite worse right now.
Hope u learn ur lesson
Nope. We've seen MERS and SARS - bot corona viruses. SARS killed 744 people worldwide in 2004. I can't remember the figure for MERS. Corona viruses are associated with the common cold.
Rabies, nipah & ebola are even worse. Tbh doesn't get any worse than these three.
@@Nautilus1972 Most of the viruses that cause the common cold are rhinoviruses. Of all of them, only two are coronaviruses.
@@deepstariaenigmatica2601 Worse, yes. But those viruses are too greedy to cause a pandemic. They kill too quickly to infect enough new hosts. The Wuhan Coronavirus spreads easily and can remain dormant for weeks. It's possible to be a host without showing any symptoms, and you're a danger to those around you without even being aware of it.
that was a lot of information about viruses I have either forgotten since school or never heard until now, many thanks for this video PBS Eons!
Are viruses alive?
"Yesn't"
hahahahaha
But we are just a biological machines. We are nothing diffrent. And we have same goals...... *surviving*
@@anhbayar11 Viruses have no sense of life. They are just a blob of protein with a bio-algorithm(DNA) telling them to hunt a cell, hack the nucleus with that DNA and reproduce.
😄😄
Nice! But I also would have accepted "Nes"
My virology professor actually told me that the protein syncitin is of viral origin is now a part of the mammalian placenta. I think that's pretty cool!
@@metachirality that basically reads "placentas are as old as animals with placentas" lol
@@grinningduck8322 No, Tsavorite Prince appears to be asserting that the virus which injected syncitin into mammalian placenta must date back to the first placental mammals or earlier mammals with similar structures. Which I disagree with, that is only implicated if all or most placental mammals have syncitin in their placentas. It actually appears that many mammals have different sources for syncitin genes, though most if not all appear to be viral. Check out doi 10.1073/pnas.1115346109
@@CaptianSwan, exactly. For instance, human syncytin has nothing to do with its sheep and goat analogues. They derive from very distant retrovirus lineages.
You missed what I was saying
@@grinningduck8322 Please explain then
8% virus. Just like my HDDs and SSDs. Now I feel closer to my PC. :')
Lol
😂😂😂
hahaha
🤣🍻
Best comment on RUclips period.
More on viruses please. It’s fascinating. Thank you!
They have been causing me suffering for the past 4 days.
@@joshuab2437 Antibiotics cure only bacterial infections. Eventually can prevent development of bacterial infection alongside viral one. Virus you always fight yourself with your immune system (which you can support in different ways) and it will manage. The only other thing that helps with virus is vaccine. In viral infection you treat symptoms and strenghten organism and that's it.
11 to me
I've had my virus for 30 years, lots of meds to keep it in check have ruined my body, but I'm alive, incontinent, incognitive, neuropothic, arthritic, immobile, alive.
That's okay you probably been causing people suffering for years
@@ninaannie696 dude nobody asked. He just said he was suffering
white blood cells be like: 😡
*immune system has left the chat*
@@DarkMage501 Aids :c
🍥
We need more T cells
ф ьепп ф AHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA LMAO 😂
I don’t get it... 😐
Very good explanation..I am 65 from Thailand, if i listen to you 50 years ago i would be expertise in this field.
Thank you.
"Damn, viruses are scary"
Prions: Hold my beer
Lmao
Plague Inc. approves
Really
Viruses infected some primate and so starts humans evolution....?
@@rbeEconomy Prions are mal-folded proteins that causes surrounding proteins to be similarly incorrect, eventually causing cellular failure and death.
2018: No
2019: No
2020: nCov outbreak. Okay imma watch this now
Dee B 😂😂
2018 Yes...Called the Flu 2019 Yes...Called the Flu
Yeah. Lol.
Haha me to
2020 was supposed to be a hell of a year... The the f happen?
Could you do an episode on how language and communication evolved from pre-homo sapien species?
*" _Homo sapiens_ "
You sound like anybody knows anything about it
Whilst i don't know if this is true, here is what i heard/read in the internet: at some point in the evolution (when monkeys turned human), there was something called a cognitive traidoff. There, they lost the ability to remember things they saw for half a second but gained language ( watch ruclips.net/video/ktkjUjcZid0/видео.html for a video about that). *If* this is true, then this probably took many generations, and as language (or perhaps just communication, not every communication is language, as you said) became more important, they also lost this part of this memory for every stop forward in communication.
What talk about you? Words no change! Me go and make FIRE!!
Doesn’t make sense the most ancient text is 5000 years old. We should find older than that. 10,000? 15,000? Such a coincidence most ancient text are around 5000 years ago.
When I took a course in bio psychology (“Genes & Behavior”) in the 1990s, the instructor told us that viruses were _renegade mitochondrial DNA or RNA._
Viruses are the vines wrapping around the tree of life
I like that, I'm gunna draw it
update, I wanna see that, hope it looks trippy
Yes make it like a parasitic plant like a mistletoe or Rafflesia flower
Fuckit imma paint that with all drugs possible ever
And you know what the final boss is
No not weed but yes in the mix,
Cause all be combining and wraping up nicely
@@msDanielp369 lol be careful because some of those drugs might cancel eachother out and/or inhibit you.
I have actually really been wondering about this, so thank you for covering it.
While we are on the subject, how did parasites evolve. Perhaps you could take a look at how some modern ones like lampreys, paracitic ants. and ticks came to be.
I would also be really interested in learning about some more of the stuff from the cambrian, like ophabia and anomalicaris. Bizzare lifeforms really facinate me. If you could please even just let me know that this is condidered, I would be very thankful, so thanks in advance.
You are right, that is truly fascinating!
Parasitism is a extremely broad topic that would probably need a series rather than a single video to address as parasitism seems to be extremely ancient quite possibly as old as life itself
What Dragrath1 said. Parasitism is too broad a topic. PBS Eons tends to cover specific events or specific groups of organisms (in an evolutionary sense, i.e. clades). Then again, the last video was about adaptive radiation, but using the Triassic as an anchor point/example. So parasitism could be covered... but maybe over several videos sprinkled here and there.
Will Pack
If you really think about it anything can be a parasite
The Creature: parasitism is a strategy of survival, not a species. It appears in many different parts of the tree of life because it is a sound strategy used by many organisms. I believe there are more parasitic organisms than not parasitic...
One thing PBS Eons usually does great: the background music. Kudos to whomever picks the tracks.
Yes, and the speaker in this video at least, speaks clearly.
And the visuals are clear and are aligned well with the lecture.
@@HealthyPlanet Indeed.
And kudos to the mixer that EQ'd and set the sound balance. Very very clean mix and balance.
One of the most interesting videos I’ve seen in a while. Thank you. I didn’t even know paleovirology was a field
I'm so glad I'm not alone! :)
"If viruses are on the tree of life, they're more like vines wrapping around it."
Well, that's a really interesting way to put it.
ikr, very poetic
Yeah... But when the vines squeeze the life out of everything else, it is no longer interesting; it becomes a cause for worry.
Many other organisms pick up genetic material from other distant organisms, not just viruses. For instance, endosymbiotic relations usually lead gene transfer. Coincidentally, quite often viruses act as gene transfer vectors between distant organisms that haven't even established a symbiotic relationship. On the their hand, bacteria are specialists at picking up genetic material from their environment or directly transferring pieces of their genetic material to other bacteria, often of very different species.
Most underrated prehistoric channel
PBS being relevant again man, maddddd respect
Wish I saw this when I was first having my Dna done. I had to sort this out myself. Excellent presentation!
"They're just bits of protein and genetic information that might give you some sniffles...or worse"
Such a small thing is creating such a great problem!!!¡!
okay that's great and all but how the hell did you do that to the exclamation mark
@@Chaoscelus Spanish grammar uses upside down exclamation and question marks at the beginning of a statement/question as well as a normal one at the end. So it's just Spanish keyboard settings.
@@sunnyjim1355 I'm a Brazillian typing on an English keyboard but I can type inverted ! and ? using Alt Gr on a normal ABTN (Associação Brasileira de Técnicas e Normas) keyboard. We speak Portuguese, btw. Portuguese speaking natives understand Spanish quite easily but they have a hard time understanding us (try LangFocus, he might have a video on that). That being said, his/her name looks from southeast Asia and there a lot of Spanish colonized countries there. Let me stop here, I'm sounding like Vsauce...
We need to ask, is it the alleged virus itself doing the lockdowns or our governments reaction to the alleged virus? Big difference. Some countries had no lockdown and they had no excess deaths. In fact there are no excess deaths anywhere.
Could you please make an episode about evolution through horizontal gene transfer?! We enjoy watching your videos so much!
"Virus are so much simpler than cellular life, they must have evolved first".
I dont know about that one; because a virus' simplicity is what makes them effective and if they are evolved specifically to attach or infect specific species then surely the host species would have to have originated first?
Otherwise viruses would be "floating around" without a purpose in the world literally not doing anything like an anomoly which doesn't fit in anywhere
Nothing natural has a 'purpose'.
@@CorwynGC Ok, can anything have a purpose?
@@logosao88 Sure, constructed things often have a purpose.
@@CorwynGC Constructed? As in man-made? What about the reproductive system? Mitochondria? One might say they have functions, but how is that any different -practically speaking - than saying they have a purpose? Unless, of course, one is trying to interject a metaphysical opinion into the mix.
@@logosao88 The difference between 'Function' and 'Purpose' is the presence of a goal seeking agent. 'Purpose' is a thing which resides in the brain of a maker, not in an object. Not all man-made, a beaver dam has a purpose.
Loved learning about viruses and bacteria in college, pathogenic and non pathogenic. Really interesting and extremely worrying just how much damage they can do, including death 😳
Great video thankyou 🙏🏻
Well, forget everything you learned. Antoine Béchamp was right.
Could you do a video on how Cuckoos developed their parasitic behavior?
This. I am interesting on how a bird became parasitic. How did they evolve like that?
Are cuckoos capable of raising their own hatchlings, or do they HAVE to find a host?
Cameron Duvall some Species are capable of raising their young such as the Roadrunner(Yes believe it or not, Roadrunners are part of The Cuckoo family), but there are also many that partake in Brood Parasitism
Sean Dewar Good suggestion bruh.
I wonder if this is genetic or maybe one day a few million year ago a Cuckoo didn't want to go through the work of taking care of its eggs so left them in the neighbors nest. The hatchling would later do the same, because "bad parents make bad children" stuff :p
4:07
"Guess what! You're a mammal"
Fishes that watch this video : *_INTRESTING_*
Birds: oh boi...
Chotto matte.
So I'm 8% virus? I knew I was special. I can feel it in my cells.
🤣😂
Thank you. I learned lots of amazing things in your show.
All my viruses are retro. Only 90's kids will remember!
ILOVEYOU
So true :D
?
I literally LOL'd. :D
culwin Awww I like your icon. My dad has a bunch of old Calvin and Hobbes books (compilations of the comics) so I read them when I was younger.
That was very interesting. Thank you. I am waiting for someone to come out with a video about the history and evolution of bedbugs. They have been around since the dinosaurs, but why? They don't live on their host. They nest nearby and sneak a ride to another locale to build another nest near another host. Weird. Their reproduction is just awful, too. Why, why, why? Thanks.
Maybe they need to move around because there’s never enough room for them. I guess that’s why people do it.
Because there are so many & they are hard to kill?
2:04
Me: “so if we get infected by viruses we technically are related to viruses”
Flu virus: “ *RESPECT UR ELDERS* “
So now you understand..? Get your facts straight kid.
gato_feliz alright this one made me chuckle 😂
Just not funny is it
Anti-bodies: "How many times do we have to teach you this lesson old man?"
I cant believe I understood all of what you just said it only took me 2 days to mostly learn about microorganisms
"Where Did Viruses Come From?"
Hell?
stfu
that is actualy true!! carbon-hydrogen based complex moleclues like RNA and DNA was produced during the end of Hedean eon (When the earth was a ball of soidified but still hot lava with a shallow body of water covering most of it and small specs of rocky land made of cooled lava)
@@al-imranadore1182 that's sad ngl
@@al-imranadore1182 YES!
@@luckydepressedguy8981 What's sad?
Great host for this viral topic
I have. Epstein bar virus infection when i was you. I also had influenza at the same time i had mono. Epstein bar. This gave me chronic fatigue syndrome and fibro. The consequenseses have been awful a life long search to control symtoms.
I'm currently studying viruses in my school, and youtube decided to recommend me this vid. How?
RUclips Algorithm worked at least for once
RUclips is owned by Google. You Googled somethings about viruses and it was included as part of the RUclips algorithm. Then the RUclips algorithm decided it would work for once and ta-da
Big brother is watching
Illuminaty
They heard u men. Be careful. If mybe some loli come up in your recommend. I'd say maybe based on u search
It’s so crazy what you could learn from the internet for free literally learning more than school and I’m chilling in my bed smoking a blunt😂
Who’s watching this after the Coronavirus outbreak ? I hope you all stay safe and blessed in these hard times
There is a new 2020 one that is still going
Nah I'm still in this pandemic and coughing and pressing F in the chat
Jin p imagine being toxic over the word blessed your life must really suck I hope ur life gets blessed
Wait, you’re from the future?! How’s the super deadly virus goin for ya?
What do you mean 'after'?
it's life Jim, but not as we know it
I think at the very least, viruses evolved almost simultaneously with cellular life, since they are so simple that something superficially resembling a virus probably existed before cellular life, and once cellular life came into existence, a new niche for parasites also came into existence.
Kind of like an Arms Race. Simple exposed RNA/DNA beginnings, then some evolved a protective shell (cell walls), then exposed rna/dna evolved to penetrate the cell wall.
I like the "escape" hypothesis myself, with the twist that it wasn't so much "escape" as "cast off" when a cell division failed to complete and the DNA broke up and some piece found shelter in a protein. To me this helps explain how, over long periods, viruses are so species specific, they're most likely to be able to invade a cell in their origin species.
PBS EONS has become my favorite channel. Amazingly documented, funny, very interesting. For many of us that love Paleontology and Anthropology topics, we enjoy all these videos, Thank you guys, and all presenters. As one more viewer like many others I just want to say: keep going guys! and keep making these kinds of videos!
Sleep:
RUclips: Hey, it's 5 am on a school night, wanna learn about how viruses evolved?
Yes, me too
Bruh its 2020 who still goes to school
@@clydecraft5642 online school. There are schedules in some or most schools
Little did we know
No one:
Absolutely no one:
My parents waking me up a 630am to go to 'school' at 9
Plot twist : virus helping evolve modern human 🤒
@T.A. Garcia yep
@ they did
Damn i learned here in this comment and replies more than i do in my 12 years of school studying
and modern human helps spread virus that all , how coincidens
@T.A. Garcia virus vs virus?
This video should be viral
i didnt even realise until i was i the middle of the exam, but this channel helped me to revise for my biology A level
Nice
You must be studying the most basic stuff imaginable. Hopefully, you won't ever need to know anything about biology in the future.
Mike Mondano maybe it's first year biology?
@@mikemondano3624 a level bio is at all basic go look at the exams they do search a level bio aqa exam you will so also I think. He meant subtle info or some key words
@@jasp9661 please just go look at a a level UK national exam is so hard and 16 year olds do it
Me in 2018: Hey look, interesting knowledge
Me in 2020: he's in on it
"this virus may be 500 years old.."
"Oh wait, it's actually probably more along the lines of 68 million..."
I love science
When you see data going back and forth, they're at the frontier of Science, when you see established scientific theory that has no new evidence to alter them, they are called scientific fact. Example like evolution theory, that's actually better than fact because it's always being challenged but always proved it's true. There are difference in the science field.
@Ken Hasibar You like me ;)
Yeah not that great of a difference
That's because before genomics evidence available was only dating to 500 years old... with genomics evidence demonstrates the origin timeline to be much older.
So yes, appreciation should be given to evidence based knowledge aka science.
The area where most of the animals in the single meat market was found in an area that was untouched by man.
(Darwinism)
Interesting lecture. Thanks!
We need more videos about viruses
+
c.sagan this topic could be contagious
nosuchthing8 ,aha . Good one
This was an amazingly clear and easy to understand video. Better then the most videos explaining viruses and how they work and originate. Good job PBS and this guy.
Loved this video! Viruses certainly occupy a gray area when it comes to the tree of life. Could Eons do a video on the evolution of sleep? I'd love to see that!!
If they evolved before the earliest cells, how did they replicate?
Mind-blowing! If it's so, I think viruses might have been dead because they didn't have a host. Some viruses can survive for yeards without a host though e.g. feline panleukopenia.
I guess this is what you call a “viral” video
lol
no
You...didn't watch untill the end before commenting this I assume
Now leave
Har dee har har
About the various pathways of virus evolution: I think perhaps all of them are correct, and it's rather a question of, "where does THIS virus come from? Like, viruses have evolved many times over, from different bases. If "virus" is not a phylum but a niche, just like "flying animal", or "plant-eating organism", that would make a lot of sense, I think.
Possibly. I don't know if it's been determined how related some groups of viruses are to each other. If we can't see any clear relation between different virus groups then they might not be related at all.
@@cryoraptora303tm2 Exactly.
Ah, while the children play with rats in India I' m wondering about all the videos of snakes, rats and cats in China now ? Lots of parasites in those! And, ...Where did we put that old microscope we had in high school ?
I think of viruses as being a lot like parasites but on a much smaller scale. It just works for whatever reason.
That's a fascinating perspective
Ura genius man
What is ur educational qualification?😀
I watched this video a long time ago. I came back to it because I finally understood that virus might possibly be the reason life itself started. These structures simpler than living cells came into contact with other structures that had the other materials needed to reproduce. I see from this video, the argument is still up in the air.
So we could just be a virus ourselves?
This was great, thanks very much for the overview. One wonders, but after this video, even more!
Great video. I hope you do a video on Prions. While there are many out there, I enjoy the way you present information. Seems easier for me to absorb it.
This clicked with me. Knowledge was gained. Thank you.
Looking forward to one day watching this video again and getting quarantine flashbacks from the Covid-19 pandemic.
I'm watching in 2024,thinking about the Covid Pandemic.
The illustration in 2:52-3:02 was awesome!
I love Blake videos! I’d love to learn more about Archaea. (I hope there isn’t already an Eons episode about them that I’ve missed). Perhaps an episode on the history of Archaea and why that relatively new big branch at the top of the tree is important...
Thanks PBS Digital, Eons and Space Time are fantastic series!
Nice work Blake! First time to watch this channel... I knew you were the Chief Editor on Sci-Show, but I've never seen you host... really clear - thanks!
You are wonderful. I have been doing a bunch of research into viruses recently, and your timing is perfect. I love you guys.
Thank PBS they are not full of it and still produce great content! Well done (speaking as a scientist LOL).
"probably me too" I'm starting to think this guy is a cyborg
More then likely
These viruses have become so advance that it’s starting to walk on two legs and starts talking back to you
This really is one of the best channels on RUclips. My daughter and I love every episode.
sir you are great,master of the subjects..eloquent,fluent,stimulating impact to educate us..you deserve BIG AWARDS nobel
The clock ticking sounds cool but it makes me anxious. It's weird but the clock ticking scares me.
douche
@@amazingpowers6056 Actually it's a technique to build suspense. Hans zimmer, the composer who wrote the score for inception and interstellar, is well known to use it. ex: in interstellar when they land on the water planet, he set's the beat to a clock tic, and rhythm; and yes i know that music has inherent rhythm, but what made this scene peculiar is that it is almost like a "clock-song". all in all it is to increase our suspenseful senses, and draw our attention to the seriousness, importance, and/or specificity of the situation! so please dont mock or insult without knowing first! thank you! here's a link: ruclips.net/video/o_Ay_iDRAbc/видео.html
ps: the same track is used when cooper tries to reach the docking station that's about to crash on the ice planet!
One model of virus origin you didn't mention was the idea of weaponised genetic information.
Bacteria can pass genetic information between each other, because bacteria may benefit from the survival of other bacteria and thus cooperation is beneficial.
When bacteria compete, obviously passing around harmful genetic information is effective for harming countless fellow bacteria; essentially, a non-replicating virus.. If that harmful genetic information so happened to have instructions for itself to be replicated, then the virus would be free to prey on bacteria without any bacterium actively weaponising it.
You mean like.....a bacteriophage?
"When I say it out loud, it's such a scumbag move!"
Looking back... the timing of this video was pretty impeccable.. x'D
One of the best videos I saw from this page, and I've seen a LOT.
Pathogens in general: *Enters body*
Immune System: *Tough guy finger snapping*
Eliza Sayers Yup.
Thanos?
Eons: “The earth never shook beneath their feet”
Me: *cries in 2020*
That's the damn government making you cry. Not a virus with a 99.7% survivability rate.
@@andycopeland7051 Guess it just sucks to be one of the 0.3% who died then, right?! Or what about the ones who survived but only due to modern medical interventions? Or the ones that lived, but now have to deal with long term, if not life long, problems like damaged lungs and heart? Or the ones with no symptoms at all but have to live with the knowledge that they passed the virus onto someone who ended up in one of the 3 other groups?
Oh well, must be nice not to be burdened with empathy....
@@seanmorgan2356 That's not empathy. It's sympathy. You feel sorrow for sorrowful events; sympathy. With empathy, you'd feel the sorrow. But you'd also feel the practical perspective as well. Technically, I'm assuming that you cannot empath with a practical perspective. But you're also assuming that he cannot empath with the affected minority.
I'm afraid I'd never get to learn these awesome facts when I die.