1.Environmental Pollution-Degradation [Part-1] [21-10-2024]

Contents :
-Pollutants and Trophic Levels : Non-Biodegradable [Persistent] Pollutants, which cannot be broken down by the detrivores, remain in that trophic level for a very long time.
-There are two processes for movement of pollutants :
-Bioaccumulation : Accumulation of Pollutants and toxic substances in an organism
-Biomagnification : Concentrated bioaccumulation of Pollutants and toxic substances in a trophic level
-Pollution (Definition) : A pollution can be defined under any of these acts:
-The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
-The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
-The Environment Protection Act, 1984 [Section 2c] [Most Widely Acceptable Definition]
-Categorization of Pollutants :
1. As per their : Origin : Natural and Anthropogenic (Man-Made)
2. As per their : Nature of Disposal : Biodegradable [Animal and Human Wastes] and Non-Biodegradable [Heavy Metals and Pesticides]
3. As per their : Existence in Nature : Quantitative [CO2, NO] and Qualitative [Fungicides, Herbicides, DDT, etc.]
4. As per their : Form in which they exist after being released from the environment : Primary Pollutants [CO2, CO, NOx, SO2, SPM-Suspended Particulate Matter-SPM 2.5, SPM 10, Hydrocarbons (HC), etc.] and Secondary Pollutants [Ozone-O3, PAN-Peroxyacyl nitrate, Aldehyde, Sulphuric Acid and Nitric Acid, etc.]
-Causes of Environmental Pollution :
-Natural : Forest Fires, Volcanic Eruptions, Desert Dust, etc.
-Anthropogenic [Man-Made] : Rise in Human Population, Hydrological Acidification, Mining, Deforestation, Rapid Urbanization, Transportation Activities, Rapid Generation of Industrial Wastes and Emissions, Burning of Fossil Fuels, Increased use of Chemicals, Agricultural Wastes and Residues-Stubble Burning, as seen in Haryana and Punjab during the Winter Season, etc.
-Types of Pollution :
-Air Pollution
-Water Pollution
-Noise Pollution
-Soil Pollution
-Radioactive Pollution
-Light Pollution
-Nitrogen Pollution
-E-Wastes and Plastic Pollution
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