As an Aerospace Engineer and fluid dynamicist I had super low hopes for the explanations SciShow would give for induced drag, but all I can say is "bravo, Sci-Show, bravo!" Well done here. I wish you mentioned the awesome engineer who helped invent Winglets, Richard Whitcomb. A super amazing Aerospace engineer working for NASA who never deposited his paychecks.
I don’t think so - the aspect ratio of the wing is so different. While the wingtips may help, most kids do it because it looks cool and provides directional stability, not reduced drag
Adding winglets can improve efficiency when you are unable to increase the wingspan for some reason or other. Reducing the wingspan (folding the tips up) in order to create winglets will decrease the efficiency, not improve it.
@@andrewzhang1290 They went farther because they were more stable. Point taken. I concede the magnitude and of turbulence involved was different. The weight thrusting vs. surface area drag is dissimilar.They fly straighter and more stable with less out of axis travel. Thanks for the lesson.
Pulled this from google. "Airline employees face more radiation exposure than radiology workers or nuclear power plant engineers, according to the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Such exposure is measured using the Sievert. ... Generally, a U.S. pilot or flight attendant receives an annual exposure of as much as 5 mSv."
Impossible, the algorithm only cares about lets players, clickbait, and attractive bloggers. Hank will need to come up with a clickbaity title like "7 things you never knew about planes (#4 will shock you!)" and do the whole video shirtless in order to get the algorithm to work for him.
I've lived almost my entire life in the NYC metropolitan area. Back when the Concorde was still flying, I often found myself on the highway driving past JFK airport on Sunday mornings, around the time when the Concorde would be taking off for Paris. When they shoved the throttles forward into maximum takeoff power, they created an indescribable blowtorch roar that seemed to fill the entire sky from horizon to horizon - sound like godzown Bernz-O-Matic. And occasionally I'd be in the right place at the right time to hear the sonic boom as the Concorde went overhead; it wasn't really all that traumatic, just a fast double thud that was over before you understood what it was. Now we have planes that allow a passenger to TAKE A SHOWER during the flight! That just blows my mind!
".........I'd be in the right place at the right time to hear the sonic boom as the Concorde went overhead........", sorry, What? Not just after takeoff, not under cruising height and definitely not over land, could not have been the sonic boom.
@@gregedwards1087 The roar of the engines was at takeoff - I could mentally follow it down the runway. The boom was later, and I discovered that they were breaking the sound barrier over the open Atlantic just south of the South Shore of Long Island. And I was traveling eastward along the Southern State Parkway, which mostly follows the South Shore. So the shock wave would have had time to shake the air I was driving through.
The concorde flew over my school once, was just in normal flight, but it was REALLY loud & exciting to see (didn't even know it was in my country, just looked up to see what the super loud plane making that noise was & was "OMG that's the concorde". Too long ago & I was young, so hard to say for sure, but I'd say it was probably similar in noise level to a regular high performance military jet that I've heard since (seemed louder because it was more special I think). Anyway it seems likely to me that normal flight could be mistaken for sonic booms etc, that was what I thought it was at the time, I spent hours debating my father over that, with him telling me it wasn't possible as all the windows in the area would have been broken if it had, plus I wouldn't have got as good a look at it as I did if it was travelling fast enough to do that, while I insisted he hadn't heard it & if he had, he would know it wasn't a normal plane, it was a supersonic plane & HAD to be breaking the sound barrier when I heard it
It was loud. I used to live in Reading, England, a few miles from where it took off at Heathrow. Every Sunday at just after 11 we would pause our church service for a few seconds as it went over, because it was impossible to hear anything else going on. One time we even used it as a sound effect in a sketch, it was that regular and reliable.
Pretty sure Phoenix has the best airport in the US or had it be rated number one with compelling aviation college programs. A GIS/drone/remote sensing use as well.
The discussion of hypersonics had sufficient caveats and details to satisfy me. This is the area of my PhD research. My biggest pet-peev is the definition of hypersonic as anything above Mach 5, but you guys did a decent job adding a caveat and talking about how it's really about temperature. The metric that determines whether or not something becomes hypersonic is whether or not the air (or other working gas, say if you're on a different planet, like Mars) gets so hot that the gas molecules start to get excited in ways that they normally don't at lower temperatures (i.e., vibrational excitation and possibly electronic excitation) or start to chemically react or break down. The important metric for this is called "Total Temperature" AKA "Stagnation Temperature". This quantity is derived from the energy equation and is really just a different way of expressing the total enthalpy of the flow. Total enthalpy is the internal energy (temperature) plus the gas' stored ability to do work (pressure, basically) plus the kinetic energy. This total enthalpy is a conserved quantity so if the kinetic energy goes to zero and you extract as much pressure work as you can from the gas, you'll be left with only internal energy (heat causing a temperature rise). And this temperature determines whether the air/gas molecules start behaving in a way where their internal energy is no longer stored in just rotation and translation (bouncing off other gas molecules) but may also include the length of the chemical bonds vibrating or knocking electrons into higher energy orbitals or even causing molecules like N2 and O2 to dissociate and undergo other chemical reactions. The total temperature or stagnation temperature describes how hot the flow is capable of getting. And if it can get hot enough to cause these other modes of internal energy to become important or dissociation, then the flow is hypersonic. It is completely possible to create Mach 10 (or higher) flows in a lab that are *NOT* hypersonic if the total temperature is less than ~ 500 degrees C. But for atmospheric flight, hypersonic conditions do tend to start at around Mach 5 because the total temperature is a function of the static temperature (how warm the air outside is) and the kinetic energy caused by the speed of the vehicle. In a lab, when you accelerate the flow the static temperature drops because you've converted the stored energy (total enthalpy) into kinetic energy. This comment is way to looooong but I started typing and couldn't stop myself. I have other things I should be doing instead of this, so I'm not going to bother proofing it or correcting minor errors, which I'm sure there are plenty of.
If you’re in an actual school for it, why are you surprised that you already know what’s being told on a simplified RUclips video? I’m honestly a little worried for you and my safety haha
@@andrewzhang1290 well, they go into things like supersonic advancements and industry research. A mechanics job is to read the blueprints and fix the plane, not ask questions about why the planes are designed the way they are. It's out of our paygrade.
i watch these complaitions anyways since I'm not that bright and have a terrible memory so when they lump a bunch of episodes together it feels new enough to keep me entertained.
Oh man, I hate when there's too much drag on a plane. All that hairspray choking up the cabin ... someone always breaks a nail trying to open those little bags of peanuts ... and don't get me started on all the sequins.
“The airline is trying to move 162 people from Minneapolis to Orlando as quickly and safely as possible” - nope, not quite accurate, they’re trying to move passengers safely and as quickly as profitable
Corporations exist to make money; it's in their charters. IMO, the question is how to guide their profit motives into doing good for society. If you are happy with the ways things are today, then nothing needs to be done.
@@icollectstories5702 Corporations exist to make money, yes, but corporations also have an obligation to maintain safety and put safety above all. I promise you that they are making WAY more than enough money, and safety should NEVER be 2nd tier in their agenda. Ever. Hard stop, cold turkey. Profit margins be damned you cannot put a price on a human life. Truly.
You need more Micheal Aranda,Hank! Guys got the voice of an angel, even though we all enjoy how excited you get when something cool happens in the Physics world haha
@2:54 I've been told (by aircraft maintenance people) it's more about room to maneuver on the ground at airports than structure. Winglets add the same weight penalty as extending the wingspan. You don't have to add structure to hold a wing up. The structure is there to hold the fuselage up.
18:30 Can confirm. There was one time (mid- to late 1990s) when a plane went supersonic over my town (north Texas, so quite a bit inland) and the resulting sonic boom caused everything in our living room to jump a few inches. Nobody was quite sure what happened, but I would assume that the pilot flying that plane at least got his license suspended. This only happened once, so I guess the lesson was learned. We did have an Air Force base in the area, but I'm pretty sure the place had been decommissioned by that point so I think the culprit was flying to or from the local airport.
@@somefuckstolemynick Riiight. Wouldn't a completely incompressable medium transport sound infinitely well then, with basically zero losses? Edit: Not in an hermetically isolated room. Makes sense now. Thanks =)
@@somefuckstolemynick I didn't really realize water was compressable and was thinking about the Joke Kags made. A completely incompressable medium inside a hermetically isolated box wouldn't be able to increase or decrease in volume without pulling a vacuum or something like that. That would only be the case for omnidirectional waves I think, as the medium could move in vortex patterns with focused sources. Am I majorly missing something or having a brain fart? I just tried to explain that joke to myself :D
23:20 Jet fuel is very energy dense, but it would have been good to point out that about 50% of the energy in that fuel gets wasted due to thermal inefficiencies. Internal combustion engines are even worse, two thirds of the energy in gasoline is wasted right out the tailpipe as heat. Electric motors on the other hand can be more than 95% efficient at converting the energy into motion. Electric energy storage still has a long way to go, but not quite as far as the video makes it seem.
1:33 this is actually wrong. Drag is the component of that total that points in the direction opposit to the movement of the object. So drag is only the part responsable for slowing you down. The rest is lift
(00:20) Flying "tubes of metal" sounds like a mash-up of the definitions for snakes ("muscle tubes") and planes ("metal snakes with wings"). Some similar snake similes: Trains - "metal snakes on tracks", Submarines - "sea snakes with props", Bobsleds - "snakes on skates" and finally, although currently in the realm of science fiction, Teleportation has been dubbed "the snake-less transportation of tomorrow."
@no privacy Precisely, but I thought using the word vortices Would throw too many people off? I kind of over explained it but it's better than being misunderstood.
4:19 reminds me of something funny: when i was going through radiation treatment for cancer (i got better) i had to carry around a special card saying _why_ I was radioactive and was advised against flying anywhere or going to major government buildings since i could set off their gieger counters. That radiologist clinic even had a couple patients get temporarily detained at an airport because the TSA got alerted when someone radioactive tried boarding a flight.
Squared? It's plaid, or checkered deary. Something tells me Hank doesn't like multiplying his shirt by his shirt shirts. Though I do think he'd enjoy the concept of shirt².
RE: Airline staff exposure to Cosmic Rays - I used to work for a research institution that maintained a network of ground-based neutron detectors designed to monitor the after effects of cosmic rays hitting the earth. By seeing how the influx of cosmic rays changed over time they were able to study the solar winds. But related to this topic, the Air Force was one of the recipients of our data so they could calculate the exposure rates of their pilots and flight crew based on an empirical measurement of cosmic rays every hour.
@@michaelmagnimedia3331 The heck? Seriously? All I'm asking is for them to label repeats so I don't wind up "tricked" into watching the same content twice. However, you felt the need to use passive aggressive rhetoric, so I guess I'll point out a few things: 1) I have better things to do than rewatch content I've already seen (and yes, I do watch every episode). 2) I am well past the age when I'll be studying for exams. 3) I support this channel monetarily, so feeling like my money is well spent is important to me. 4) Get off your high-horse.
The hypersonic planes sound like they'd need three sets of engines, one for each level of sonic (sub, super, and hyper) with at least two of the sets being on top of the wings. All three, as well as the body of the plane being either made of or coated in titanium. Obviously there is a lot more to it, and I'm sure every aerospace engineer has thought of this before me. But it seems like a good base at least.
@@13vatra a couple of fighter jets do this already. For example the panavia tornadoes. Though for them it's in order to be more efficient at slow speeds (shorter runways, longer range etc.) While still being good at supersonic travel during combat.
The Valley gets hot, I remember 123f when I landed there from St. Louis, left there at about 49f. Also, air is stated as being a fluid and gas interchangeably throughout this video.
I'm not sure about fuel cell tech but didn't we try hydrogen flight back in the early 1900's late 1800's? I'm kidding of course but aren't there a bunch of issues making fuel cells useful? I can't think off the top of my head what they are but I know there were at least a few that make them not useful or something in most situations. I will say the fueling issue would be greatly reduced for airlines as an airport could just make its own hydrogen using massive solar arrays or some such
i don't think there's anything "normal" about airplanes. actually i wonder how people can just go and watch a video on a tiny screen when something so amazing is happening. i've flown a lot already but every time it amazes me. not only the plane itself, but the world outside of the window. i just cannot take my eyes off. and i keep measuring all kinds of stuff with the sensors in my cellphone
I know this is old lol, but as someone who’s also flown a lot I can’t get over it either tbh. I really like to see what kind of shapes the street lights on the ground make, it’s kinda like looking for constellations.
Pretty interesting stuff for sure. I was wondering about those supersonic passenger planes and what happened to them. How they work and all of that jazz :)
19:14 “but maybe that’s not enough, maybe you want to go faster. The Concorde ii would be very close to going beyond supersonic and into an even faster category,” Lightspeed.
By the mid 70s we were flying R/C gliders with curved wingtips. It didn't seem to matter if they were curved up or down. But they were flying at very low speeds. Still the tips helped. I built one and left the tips off for a set of flights before putting them on. Was able to 10-20% longer flight times with them on.
Great work hank and crew, that was really interesting, informative, intertaining (mis spelled INtentionally lol) and funny as usual. 😀 p.s. i was in phoenix that day, and it was HOT! 123 yuck.
There was an experiment done at Adelaide airport which might help with that heat issue, they watered the ground at night and found that that watering kept the air temp down which had the added benefit being that planes could take off even in hotter temps
Shivkar Bāpuji Talpade was an Indian scholar who is said to have constructed the first unmanned airplane in 1895 (before Wright brothers). Talpade lived in Mumbai and studied Sanskrit literature and the Vedas.
A childhood friend of mine now has PhDs in both Electrical Engineering and Aerospace Engineering and is working with Lockheed Martin to design hybrid electric aircraft.
Lift is produced by a pressure differential, not from air particles. The air on top moves faster than the air on the bottom, creating a lower pressure. This results in the wing literally being sucked up to balance the forces. Which is why the density of the air matters, not the velocity. Ergo, less dense air means the pressure differentials are lower and the wing achieves less lift. The only place that the impact of the air on the wing matters is in the upper atmosphere where satellites live.
I’m amazed that an incredible feat of human ingenuity has become a humdrum, stressful, dull as dishwater form of transportation, when it should be celebrated as an exciting, ingenious way to travel. We take too many things for granted, we really do....
hi, Concorde wasn't that noisy. In fact, we loved it as primary school students, see the supersonic bang was at 11:15AM, indicating that there were only 15 min left before lunch hour (ok, two hours, we are in France aftet all, we have a reputation to defend! 😜). cheers
One annoying misconception ( at least partial) is that myth that Wright's flyer went 10 mph on its first flight. It's not completely wrong but it gives that notion that it could go super slow . The thing is the flyer was going around 40mph or 70 km/h to lift off. They just chose a day for the first flight with ideal conditions (quiet common with worlds first) . They flew into 30mph headwind which gave them ground speed of several mph but actual air speed of 40. They also picked (I heard this was actual lucky chance rather than conscious decision) a day with extremely high air pressure and low temperatures which both increased lift and power of their engine. That's actually why centennial reenaction failed to get off the ground . They simply didn't have the ideal conditions. That of course gave birth to conspiracy theories that the actual flier was a hoax.
Not that it makes any difference to the point you were making about the noise problems associated with supersonic flight, but New York to London was not the only route the Concorde flew. I know from personal experience they also flew from D.C. to London, and I think there were other such routes that were almost totally over water at the end points.
I am getting on a plane to Phoenix in like 6 hours for a doctoral interview. If I get in I will be living there Hank! Don't dash my dreams of living in Phoenix before it even happens! How rude lmao
Doesn't it sound familiar? Doesn't it hit too close to home? Doesn't it make you shiver, the way that things have gone? (and I forgot the rest of the lines)
The only one of these that should be revisited is the Electric planes. I think it is focusing way to heavy on whether JET aircraft will become electric not on whether commercial flights can be Electric. Whilst it is unlikely we will ever replace the Jets with electricity (and are probably going to need biofuels) I think we could replace Turbo-Prop or Prop planes (like ATR) with electric particularly short flights where fuel is very inefficient like Island hopping or small regional flights. In my country, the flights between Auckland and Great Barrier Island would be the best place for a plane like this.
As an Aerospace Engineer and fluid dynamicist I had super low hopes for the explanations SciShow would give for induced drag, but all I can say is "bravo, Sci-Show, bravo!" Well done here. I wish you mentioned the awesome engineer who helped invent Winglets, Richard Whitcomb. A super amazing Aerospace engineer working for NASA who never deposited his paychecks.
Umm, they did? 😅
Children were folding winglets into paper airplane designs in the 1960's to get more distance.
I don’t think so - the aspect ratio of the wing is so different. While the wingtips may help, most kids do it because it looks cool and provides directional stability, not reduced drag
I did, but I thought it would stabilize the plane.
Adding winglets can improve efficiency when you are unable to increase the wingspan for some reason or other. Reducing the wingspan (folding the tips up) in order to create winglets will decrease the efficiency, not improve it.
@@andrewzhang1290 You thought wrong.
@@andrewzhang1290 They went farther because they were more stable. Point taken. I concede the magnitude and of turbulence involved was different. The weight thrusting vs. surface area drag is dissimilar.They fly straighter and more stable with less out of axis travel. Thanks for the lesson.
"Wendover Productions has entered the chat"
Wot?
"I understood that reference."
You comment faster than a concorde
I clicked on this video looking for this comment
I came to write this but you beat me to it haha
I work as a professional pilot and I had no idea I was categorized as a radiation worker. Wtf.
take on your hazmat suit gasmask and geiger counter now
you are! and your exposure to radiation is high, very high! just saying...
@@MrJava1593 It's really not that high... 250 millirem/year is crazy low. I get that about every 1-2 weeks where I work
@Justin Craig Medical Device manufacture
Pulled this from google.
"Airline employees face more radiation exposure than radiology workers or nuclear power plant engineers, according to the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Such exposure is measured using the Sievert. ... Generally, a U.S. pilot or flight attendant receives an annual exposure of as much as 5 mSv."
Scishow, Joe Scott, and Veritasium needs WAAAAAYY more love from the algorithm.
also whataboutit for the SpaceX fans
Impossible, the algorithm only cares about lets players, clickbait, and attractive bloggers. Hank will need to come up with a clickbaity title like "7 things you never knew about planes (#4 will shock you!)" and do the whole video shirtless in order to get the algorithm to work for him.
I've lived almost my entire life in the NYC metropolitan area. Back when the Concorde was still flying, I often found myself on the highway driving past JFK airport on Sunday mornings, around the time when the Concorde would be taking off for Paris. When they shoved the throttles forward into maximum takeoff power, they created an indescribable blowtorch roar that seemed to fill the entire sky from horizon to horizon - sound like godzown Bernz-O-Matic. And occasionally I'd be in the right place at the right time to hear the sonic boom as the Concorde went overhead; it wasn't really all that traumatic, just a fast double thud that was over before you understood what it was.
Now we have planes that allow a passenger to TAKE A SHOWER during the flight! That just blows my mind!
".........I'd be in the right place at the right time to hear the sonic boom as the Concorde went overhead........", sorry, What?
Not just after takeoff, not under cruising height and definitely not over land, could not have been the sonic boom.
@@gregedwards1087 The roar of the engines was at takeoff - I could mentally follow it down the runway. The boom was later, and I discovered that they were breaking the sound barrier over the open Atlantic just south of the South Shore of Long Island. And I was traveling eastward along the Southern State Parkway, which mostly follows the South Shore. So the shock wave would have had time to shake the air I was driving through.
The concorde flew over my school once, was just in normal flight, but it was REALLY loud & exciting to see (didn't even know it was in my country, just looked up to see what the super loud plane making that noise was & was "OMG that's the concorde". Too long ago & I was young, so hard to say for sure, but I'd say it was probably similar in noise level to a regular high performance military jet that I've heard since (seemed louder because it was more special I think).
Anyway it seems likely to me that normal flight could be mistaken for sonic booms etc, that was what I thought it was at the time, I spent hours debating my father over that, with him telling me it wasn't possible as all the windows in the area would have been broken if it had, plus I wouldn't have got as good a look at it as I did if it was travelling fast enough to do that, while I insisted he hadn't heard it & if he had, he would know it wasn't a normal plane, it was a supersonic plane & HAD to be breaking the sound barrier when I heard it
It was loud. I used to live in Reading, England, a few miles from where it took off at Heathrow. Every Sunday at just after 11 we would pause our church service for a few seconds as it went over, because it was impossible to hear anything else going on. One time we even used it as a sound effect in a sketch, it was that regular and reliable.
Hank: I am sorry you live in Phoenix.
*Phoenix will remember that*
I remember that day, sitting in the airport watching hundreds of ladies and men throwing fits since their vacation was ruined “for no reason”
Phoenix didn't like that.
@AlexisBubba15 Oh, yeah...it IS a hell hole!!!
Pretty sure Phoenix has the best airport in the US or had it be rated number one with compelling aviation college programs. A GIS/drone/remote sensing use as well.
Phoenix is just glad it’s not Yuma.
The discussion of hypersonics had sufficient caveats and details to satisfy me. This is the area of my PhD research. My biggest pet-peev is the definition of hypersonic as anything above Mach 5, but you guys did a decent job adding a caveat and talking about how it's really about temperature. The metric that determines whether or not something becomes hypersonic is whether or not the air (or other working gas, say if you're on a different planet, like Mars) gets so hot that the gas molecules start to get excited in ways that they normally don't at lower temperatures (i.e., vibrational excitation and possibly electronic excitation) or start to chemically react or break down. The important metric for this is called "Total Temperature" AKA "Stagnation Temperature". This quantity is derived from the energy equation and is really just a different way of expressing the total enthalpy of the flow. Total enthalpy is the internal energy (temperature) plus the gas' stored ability to do work (pressure, basically) plus the kinetic energy. This total enthalpy is a conserved quantity so if the kinetic energy goes to zero and you extract as much pressure work as you can from the gas, you'll be left with only internal energy (heat causing a temperature rise). And this temperature determines whether the air/gas molecules start behaving in a way where their internal energy is no longer stored in just rotation and translation (bouncing off other gas molecules) but may also include the length of the chemical bonds vibrating or knocking electrons into higher energy orbitals or even causing molecules like N2 and O2 to dissociate and undergo other chemical reactions. The total temperature or stagnation temperature describes how hot the flow is capable of getting. And if it can get hot enough to cause these other modes of internal energy to become important or dissociation, then the flow is hypersonic. It is completely possible to create Mach 10 (or higher) flows in a lab that are *NOT* hypersonic if the total temperature is less than ~ 500 degrees C. But for atmospheric flight, hypersonic conditions do tend to start at around Mach 5 because the total temperature is a function of the static temperature (how warm the air outside is) and the kinetic energy caused by the speed of the vehicle. In a lab, when you accelerate the flow the static temperature drops because you've converted the stored energy (total enthalpy) into kinetic energy.
This comment is way to looooong but I started typing and couldn't stop myself. I have other things I should be doing instead of this, so I'm not going to bother proofing it or correcting minor errors, which I'm sure there are plenty of.
Aaayyy im in school to be an aviation mechanic, so I'm super stoked to see how much of this i already know
If you’re in an actual school for it, why are you surprised that you already know what’s being told on a simplified RUclips video? I’m honestly a little worried for you and my safety haha
Hey, congrats! I went a few years back. You going for your A&P?
@@andrewzhang1290 well, they go into things like supersonic advancements and industry research. A mechanics job is to read the blueprints and fix the plane, not ask questions about why the planes are designed the way they are. It's out of our paygrade.
Fond memories
22:04 "Even though other types of electric vehicles are taking off- haha."
Me, 3 seconds later: HAHA.
February: "Tens of thousands of aeroplanes fly around the world every day"
April "Bahahahaa! Lol that is funny!"
That’s what I was thinking :p not right now they aren’t :p
Today's episode, bought to you by Wendover Productions
I read that in wendover production s voice : D
@@drizzlingrose
I did now!
Bought or brought?
@@Aconitum_napellus bought is purchasing, brought is bringing item
Hee hee.
More like bendover productions
This video was just plane interesting!
Poor pun considering they're all jets!
@@Yaxchilan waaaaa
I'm leaving on a jet plane.
Me: Ooo a 25min scishow!
Hank: Compliation
Me: I have seen every scishow since the beginning! *skip*
Recycled content 🎶
i watch these complaitions anyways since I'm not that bright and have a terrible memory so when they lump a bunch of episodes together it feels new enough to keep me entertained.
@@arthas640 fair enough!
I love the Engineering Explained shirt. Jason is awesome. Love this show and his. Anything that keeps me interested and learning is what I love.
I came down here to mention the EE shirt! I'm glad I'm not the only one to recognize it!
"If you live in Phoenix, I'm sorry" You and me both, bro.
Even at 50 C, you could still take a bus or a train to get out of Phoenix.
Oh man, I hate when there's too much drag on a plane. All that hairspray choking up the cabin ... someone always breaks a nail trying to open those little bags of peanuts ... and don't get me started on all the sequins.
Maddie Begg: Glitter gets into everything!
One of the few places where too much drag is even possible.
“The airline is trying to move 162 people from Minneapolis to Orlando as quickly and safely as possible” - nope, not quite accurate, they’re trying to move passengers safely and as quickly as profitable
SpringBok01 yes!!!
Corporations exist to make money; it's in their charters. IMO, the question is how to guide their profit motives into doing good for society. If you are happy with the ways things are today, then nothing needs to be done.
@@icollectstories5702 people arent satisfied we want more thats why society improve inovation happen more desire more incentive
-safely-
@@icollectstories5702 Corporations exist to make money, yes, but corporations also have an obligation to maintain safety and put safety above all. I promise you that they are making WAY more than enough money, and safety should NEVER be 2nd tier in their agenda. Ever.
Hard stop, cold turkey.
Profit margins be damned you cannot put a price on a human life. Truly.
You need more Micheal Aranda,Hank! Guys got the voice of an angel, even though we all enjoy how excited you get when something cool happens in the Physics world haha
An airplane video that isn't Wendover Productions? What's happening.
*WENDOVER PRODUCTIONS WANTS TO KNOW YOUR LOCATION*
@2:54 I've been told (by aircraft maintenance people) it's more about room to maneuver on the ground at airports than structure. Winglets add the same weight penalty as extending the wingspan. You don't have to add structure to hold a wing up. The structure is there to hold the fuselage up.
This fits what I've learned as well
I lived in Phoenix when that happened... in a car with no A/C. Also the pavement softens which doesn't matters either.
This is, by far, my favorite channel. I always learn something new. Thank you for all the hard work and research you do in producing these videos!
I want to make a joke about planes, but the joke would fly over your head.
NOt FuNnY DinD'T LaUGh.
I see you in a ton of different channels I watch....
I NEED AN ADULT! I NEED AN ADULT!
No it wouldn’t! Try me. (Self whoosh)
Considering your talking about jets yes.
@@Yaxchilan all jets are planes but not all planes are jets
0:29 Even more incredible is that one of those tubes of metal, the Boeing 737, weighs over 60 tons ON ITS OWN (so no fuel, and no payload)
21:40 _Then_ the X-43 launches a tiny Y-97 out of its nose cone's rail-gun.
18:30 Can confirm. There was one time (mid- to late 1990s) when a plane went supersonic over my town (north Texas, so quite a bit inland) and the resulting sonic boom caused everything in our living room to jump a few inches. Nobody was quite sure what happened, but I would assume that the pilot flying that plane at least got his license suspended. This only happened once, so I guess the lesson was learned. We did have an Air Force base in the area, but I'm pretty sure the place had been decommissioned by that point so I think the culprit was flying to or from the local airport.
One man shouts across a room to his friend, "Hey! Air is incompressable!"
But his friend never heard him.
Wait. Water is incompressable and transports sound much better than air. I don't get it
Bassalicious water actually is compressible. Only to an extreeeeemely tiny amount.
@@somefuckstolemynick Riiight. Wouldn't a completely incompressable medium transport sound infinitely well then, with basically zero losses?
Edit: Not in an hermetically isolated room. Makes sense now. Thanks =)
@@Bassalicious hu? How did you come to that conclusion from what I said?
@@somefuckstolemynick I didn't really realize water was compressable and was thinking about the Joke Kags made. A completely incompressable medium inside a hermetically isolated box wouldn't be able to increase or decrease in volume without pulling a vacuum or something like that. That would only be the case for omnidirectional waves I think, as the medium could move in vortex patterns with focused sources.
Am I majorly missing something or having a brain fart? I just tried to explain that joke to myself :D
Now I don't have to worry about something I didn't worry about until now. Literally how I feel watching this channel 😂
23:20 Jet fuel is very energy dense, but it would have been good to point out that about 50% of the energy in that fuel gets wasted due to thermal inefficiencies. Internal combustion engines are even worse, two thirds of the energy in gasoline is wasted right out the tailpipe as heat.
Electric motors on the other hand can be more than 95% efficient at converting the energy into motion. Electric energy storage still has a long way to go, but not quite as far as the video makes it seem.
1:33 this is actually wrong. Drag is the component of that total that points in the direction opposit to the movement of the object. So drag is only the part responsable for slowing you down. The rest is lift
@Yada Nii you are mistaken
(00:20) Flying "tubes of metal" sounds like a mash-up of the definitions for snakes ("muscle tubes") and planes ("metal snakes with wings"). Some similar snake similes: Trains - "metal snakes on tracks", Submarines - "sea snakes with props", Bobsleds - "snakes on skates" and finally, although currently in the realm of science fiction, Teleportation has been dubbed "the snake-less transportation of tomorrow."
Currently a freshman in aerospace engineering , loved this video and you are awesome as always 👍🏼
Be careful. Congratulating him. He got the idea of the winglets wrong.
@no privacy Precisely, but I thought using the word vortices Would throw too many people off? I kind of over explained it but it's better than being misunderstood.
4:19 reminds me of something funny: when i was going through radiation treatment for cancer (i got better) i had to carry around a special card saying _why_ I was radioactive and was advised against flying anywhere or going to major government buildings since i could set off their gieger counters. That radiologist clinic even had a couple patients get temporarily detained at an airport because the TSA got alerted when someone radioactive tried boarding a flight.
And today on Scishow: Hank likes squared shirts
Squared? It's plaid, or checkered deary. Something tells me Hank doesn't like multiplying his shirt by his shirt shirts. Though I do think he'd enjoy the concept of shirt².
Yeah, plaid isn't exactly "squared"... So I'm thinking that means it's a Parker Squared shirt.
(Numberfile reference.)
Hank is actually half Scottish, unfortunately... its his top half.. so he had all his ancestral kilts made into shirts
“Air, which is a fluid”
Sir? Sir?!
I guess I was edumacated
It can be modeled as a fluid, which is what I think he was getting at.
Air is a fluid, but it is not a liquid.
Thanks y’all!
Trippy science over here....so its like light its wave and also....nvm i lost my train of thoughts
@@pidgeonlanding Gases and liquids are fluids.
RE: Airline staff exposure to Cosmic Rays - I used to work for a research institution that maintained a network of ground-based neutron detectors designed to monitor the after effects of cosmic rays hitting the earth. By seeing how the influx of cosmic rays changed over time they were able to study the solar winds. But related to this topic, the Air Force was one of the recipients of our data so they could calculate the exposure rates of their pilots and flight crew based on an empirical measurement of cosmic rays every hour.
Kindly mention in the title when these are rehashes of old episodes. I love your program, but I don't need to see it twice.
Yeah agreed
I love compilation episodes! And I watch every one!
I like the compilation episodes, but I wouldn't mind them being labelled for clarity.
So you only study for your exam once....i thought practise makes us better at things guess you dont have long term memory how sad
@@michaelmagnimedia3331 The heck? Seriously?
All I'm asking is for them to label repeats so I don't wind up "tricked" into watching the same content twice.
However, you felt the need to use passive aggressive rhetoric, so I guess I'll point out a few things:
1) I have better things to do than rewatch content I've already seen (and yes, I do watch every episode).
2) I am well past the age when I'll be studying for exams.
3) I support this channel monetarily, so feeling like my money is well spent is important to me.
4) Get off your high-horse.
The hypersonic planes sound like they'd need three sets of engines, one for each level of sonic (sub, super, and hyper) with at least two of the sets being on top of the wings. All three, as well as the body of the plane being either made of or coated in titanium. Obviously there is a lot more to it, and I'm sure every aerospace engineer has thought of this before me. But it seems like a good base at least.
As an aerospace engineering student
I think it will also require change shape of the wings mid flight.
@@arnabkumarkundu1869 oh man, that sounds complicated. Especially if those changes need to happen at supersonic and hypersonic speeds.
@@13vatra a couple of fighter jets do this already. For example the panavia tornadoes. Though for them it's in order to be more efficient at slow speeds (shorter runways, longer range etc.) While still being good at supersonic travel during combat.
Hank: if you're an airline the thing you hate the most about flying is drag
Ru paul: exuuuuse me honey!!??
Loving these types of episodes. Keep being awesome.
Winglets can also be a tasty poultry based treat.
When I hear the phrase "Mach 5", I immediately think of Speed Racer.
Love these compilations. Learn some things while painting cabinets
The Valley gets hot, I remember 123f when I landed there from St. Louis, left there at about 49f. Also, air is stated as being a fluid and gas interchangeably throughout this video.
Hank have you ever thought you need to go camping and do some bush crafting to get away from all the stress?
About energy density... practicality might be an issue but hydrogen has about 3 times the amount of energy per kg that jet fuel has.
I'm not sure about fuel cell tech but didn't we try hydrogen flight back in the early 1900's late 1800's? I'm kidding of course but aren't there a bunch of issues making fuel cells useful? I can't think off the top of my head what they are but I know there were at least a few that make them not useful or something in most situations.
I will say the fueling issue would be greatly reduced for airlines as an airport could just make its own hydrogen using massive solar arrays or some such
Wendover Productions: *profuse sweating*
Yaa I have read about it. Winglets basically (hypothetically) increases the wingspan infinitely. Mind blowing 😄
i don't think there's anything "normal" about airplanes. actually i wonder how people can just go and watch a video on a tiny screen when something so amazing is happening. i've flown a lot already but every time it amazes me. not only the plane itself, but the world outside of the window. i just cannot take my eyes off. and i keep measuring all kinds of stuff with the sensors in my cellphone
Define normal....for me normal is something you dont experience often....so air flight are not normal but for pilots and the crew its normal....
@@michaelmagnimedia3331 mundane
I know this is old lol, but as someone who’s also flown a lot I can’t get over it either tbh. I really like to see what kind of shapes the street lights on the ground make, it’s kinda like looking for constellations.
"Winglets? that's like, your opinion, man"
Boeing 777, 787 and 747-8 with their raked wingtips
I work right next to an airport and was having exactly the thoughts of "how strange are planes" all day.
Coincidence
I think so
I am amazed at how blase' I am about flying. Of course, it's old technology -- a lot of planes are from the previous century!
Pretty interesting stuff for sure. I was wondering about those supersonic passenger planes and what happened to them. How they work and all of that jazz :)
I love aeroplanes ! I'm currently a student pilot in Canada. Thank you Sci-show
Very interesting and fluid transitions between topics. Simply excellent
19:14 “but maybe that’s not enough, maybe you want to go faster. The Concorde ii would be very close to going beyond supersonic and into an even faster category,” Lightspeed.
By the mid 70s we were flying R/C gliders with curved wingtips. It didn't seem to matter if they were curved up or down. But they were flying at very low speeds. Still the tips helped. I built one and left the tips off for a set of flights before putting them on. Was able to 10-20% longer flight times with them on.
I’m watching this as my best friend is on a plane!
Dude that Engineering Explained shirt is awesome!
I trust SciShow not to do this maliciously, but not labeling a compilation episode as such is a bit misleading.
I enjoyed this compilation.
I thought to get to Hypersonic you had to use the Super Emeralds.
Hello from the surface of the su..... Phoenix!
Loved this video, never realised how (relatively) recent the discovery of incompressibility was!
Great work hank and crew, that was really interesting, informative, intertaining (mis spelled INtentionally lol) and funny as usual. 😀 p.s. i was in phoenix that day, and it was HOT! 123 yuck.
Hey SciShow! This is GOD lovin Merica and we don’t use no mamby-pamby metric system.
Thank you! I've been flying a lot lately and usually fly right arouns the wing, and have been super curious about those flappy wing things.
There was an experiment done at Adelaide airport which might help with that heat issue, they watered the ground at night and found that that watering kept the air temp down which had the added benefit being that planes could take off even in hotter temps
Shivkar Bāpuji Talpade was an Indian scholar who is said to have constructed the first unmanned airplane in 1895 (before Wright brothers). Talpade lived in Mumbai and studied Sanskrit literature and the Vedas.
25min episode ?! YES PLEASE MORE
Love the longer format
Wow 101 years before I was born the Wright Brothers first airplane flew, that's pretty cool
Awesome video! Do helicopters now! ; )
Engineering Explained merch spotted 22:45
The creators of Nebula: Is he one of us??? 🤔
A childhood friend of mine now has PhDs in both Electrical Engineering and Aerospace Engineering and is working with Lockheed Martin to design hybrid electric aircraft.
Hey I live in Mpls and I would love to fly to Florida! Avoid tomorrow's deep freeze ;)
Wendover Productions: *quick write that down!!!*
Lift is produced by a pressure differential, not from air particles. The air on top moves faster than the air on the bottom, creating a lower pressure. This results in the wing literally being sucked up to balance the forces. Which is why the density of the air matters, not the velocity. Ergo, less dense air means the pressure differentials are lower and the wing achieves less lift. The only place that the impact of the air on the wing matters is in the upper atmosphere where satellites live.
I love my job 😎 👨✈️ ✈️ Thanks to the engineers and scientists that make it possible! ✌️
Edgy pony
I’m amazed that an incredible feat of human ingenuity has become a humdrum, stressful, dull as dishwater form of transportation, when it should be celebrated as an exciting, ingenious way to travel. We take too many things for granted, we really do....
hi, Concorde wasn't that noisy. In fact, we loved it as primary school students, see the supersonic bang was at 11:15AM, indicating that there were only 15 min left before lunch hour (ok, two hours, we are in France aftet all, we have a reputation to defend! 😜). cheers
own's do it right, little wingletts breaks the drag up into smaller pieces which have less overall effect, less noise and drag
Currently in Phoenix enjoying the sunny 72° weather in January
This episode was amazing. Thanks guys.
One annoying misconception ( at least partial) is that myth that Wright's flyer went 10 mph on its first flight.
It's not completely wrong but it gives that notion that it could go super slow . The thing is the flyer was going around 40mph or 70 km/h to lift off. They just chose a day for the first flight with ideal conditions (quiet common with worlds first) . They flew into 30mph headwind which gave them ground speed of several mph but actual air speed of 40. They also picked (I heard this was actual lucky chance rather than conscious decision) a day with extremely high air pressure and low temperatures which both increased lift and power of their engine. That's actually why centennial reenaction failed to get off the ground . They simply didn't have the ideal conditions. That of course gave birth to conspiracy theories that the actual flier was a hoax.
Not that it makes any difference to the point you were making about the noise problems associated with supersonic flight, but New York to London was not the only route the Concorde flew. I know from personal experience they also flew from D.C. to London, and I think there were other such routes that were almost totally over water at the end points.
Love the title
6 MILLON Subscribers!
I am getting on a plane to Phoenix in like 6 hours for a doctoral interview. If I get in I will be living there Hank! Don't dash my dreams of living in Phoenix before it even happens! How rude lmao
Planes. Submarines with wings.
PietroSoft Kind of! Submarines have small wings also...and are pressurised
My friend: Hey wanna go eat Pizza?
Random kid names Pizza: **cries**
Terrific video Hank & company. I always learn something from watching one of your videos. Keep up the good work.............. 👍👍✈✈✈✈👍👍
Like before even watching. That’s a Scishow fan.
Excellent!
at 23:54 there's an error. Anode and cathode are ELECTRODES, not IONS
I'm more than a bird, I'm more than a plane, I'm a bird plane, a mother****ing bird plane. (Credit to Axis of Awesome)
Doesn't it sound familiar? Doesn't it hit too close to home? Doesn't it make you shiver, the way that things have gone? (and I forgot the rest of the lines)
The only one of these that should be revisited is the Electric planes. I think it is focusing way to heavy on whether JET aircraft will become electric not on whether commercial flights can be Electric. Whilst it is unlikely we will ever replace the Jets with electricity (and are probably going to need biofuels) I think we could replace Turbo-Prop or Prop planes (like ATR) with electric particularly short flights where fuel is very inefficient like Island hopping or small regional flights.
In my country, the flights between Auckland and Great Barrier Island would be the best place for a plane like this.
Seems they are out of ideas because they just winged it with this video.
LudosErgoSum yep. Flew this one together. I didn’t watch the tail end.
You also ought to mention that the power developed by the engines is significantly affected by the air temperature too.