Sanober Bozdar Roll no:40 Qno :1 Prodrug is also called as Bio agent, Bio reversible derivative or latentiated,Prodrugs are medicaments that turn into an active form once they enter into the body. Qno :2 The carrier linked prodrugs are also known as simple prodrugs the example of carrier linked prodrug are esters and amide ,A carrier linked prodrugs are basically those prodrugs in which the active drug molecule is covalently linked or covalently bonded with an inert or transport moiety. Qno :3 a: improvement of odour b: increased site specificity c: to enhance the bioavailability. Qno: 4 Phase 1- reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions are used.
W.Slam sir.. 1) prodrug is biologically inactive compound that can be metabolized into pharmacologically active drug.. 2) Active drug is covelantly linked with transport media.. 3)a..Increase bioavailablity b..increase duration of pharmacological action c..decrease toxicity 4) The oxidation and the reduction reaction are used for the bioactivation of bio precursor prodrugs..
W.salam sir 1) Pharmacologically inactive compound/drug which is metabolized to the active drug after administration either through Chemical or enzymatic process 2) Carrier linked pro drugs consists of the attachment of inert carrier group to the active drug through covalent linkage to alter it's physicochemical properties. Eg. Esters and amides 3) Improve site specificity Decrease toxicity and ADR Enhance bioavailability 4) Phase. 1 reactions such as oxidation and reduction
Q-1 A pro-drug is a chemically modified inert precursor of the drug that on biotransformation liberates the pharmacologically active parent compound. Q-2 Carrier-linked prodrugs or simple prodrugs are those drugs which are covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety.
1.prodrug is a medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. 2.Carrier linked prodrug has an inert carrier or transport which is coupled covalently with active drug. They have ester or amide linkage. 3.improve how an active drug molecule is absorbed, distributed, metabolized and eliminated. 4.Bioactivation of phosphate prodrugs of prednisolone and phenytoin.
1- Prodrugs are medicaments that turn into an active form once they enter the body. Prodrug is also called as Bio agent, Bio reversible derivative or latentiated. 2- Active drug is covalently linked to the invert transport or moiety. The active drug is released by chemically or enzymatically cleavage. 3- a) improvement of odour b) increased site specificity c) to enhance the bioavailability 4- phase 1- reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions are used.
Q1# Pro drugs is chemically modified inert precursor of the drug that on bio transformation liberates the physiologically active parent compound. Q2# Carrier linked pro drugs are the ones where active drug is covalently linked to inert Carrier or transport moiety. These are esters and amides. Q3# Improvement of B.A Improvement of stability Improvement of odour Q4# Phase:1 reaction such as oxidation and reduction
Walikum Assalam Sir ! 2) Active drug is covalently linked to the innert transport or moiety,they enhanced lipophilicity duee to attached carrier.The drug is released by chemically or enzymatically cleavage. 3) Enhance bioavailiblity Decrease ADR and toxicity Improve site specification 4) Oxidation & Reduction reaction
Tabinda zameer Roll:no:46 1)prodrug is a compound with little or nơ pharmacological activity that metabolised inside the body and converts into a pharmacologically active drug compounds 1) Carrier linked prodrugs or simple pro-drugs they are the ones where the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety .they are generally esters or amides the prodrugs modify the lipophilicity due to the attached carrier . 3)Reasons are : Enhancement of bioavailability,increased site specificity ,decreased toxicity and adverse reactions,improvement of stability and solubility 4) oxidation reaction ,reduction reaction ,chemical activation
Aneeta lohana-04 1)Prodrugs are biologically inactive drugs which are active once they enter in body . They are also known as bioagents and reversible . 2) carrier linked prodrugs are simple prodrugs . Contain ester and amide . Active drug molecule linked with carrier . That is basically inert but transport the media to target site . 3) to solve pharmacological problems To enhance bioavailability And for improve taste . 4) oxidation reduction and N-dealkylation
W.salam sir Hamda bibi Roll no:17 Q:1. Ans. Prodrugs are medicaments that turn into n active form once they enter the body. Prodrug is also known as Bio-agents,Bio-reversible derivative or latentiated. Q:2. Ans. Active drug is covalently linked to the invert transportor or moiety.The active drug is released by chemically or enzymatically cleavage. Q:3. Ans. A) Improvement of odour B) Increase site specificity C)To enhance the bioavailability. Q:4. Ans. Phase 1 reaction Oxidation and Reduction reaction are used.
Sawera mushtaque Roll no 42 1 prodrugs are medicaments that turn into an active form once they enter the body .prodrug is also called as bio agent ,bio reversible derivative . 2 Active drug is covalently linked to the invert transport or moiety .The active drug is released by chemically . 3 a) improvement of odour b) increased site specificity C ) to enhance the bioavailablity 4 phase 1- reactions ,oxidation and reductions reactions are used .
Ans 1: Prodrug is also called as pro agent, bio reversible derivative, and chemically modified precursor of drug that on biotransformation liberates pharmacologically active parent compound. Ans 2: Carrier linked prodrug are those active drug that is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety.
W. Salam sir Ans 1. . Prodrugs are medications that turn into an active form once they enter the body. Prodrug is also called as bio agent bio reversible derivative or latentiated. Ans 2.. Active drug is covalently linked to the inert transport or moiety. They enhanced lipophilicity due to attached carrier. The active drug is released by chemically or enzymatically cleavage. Ans 3.. .i*Improvement of odor. ii* Increased site specificity. iii*To enhance the bioavailablity . Ans 4.. Phase 1 reaction ie oxidation and reduction reactions are used.
Asma umer Roll no 7 Q1- prodrugs are inactivate compounds that are metabolised in our body and converted into their active pharmacological form. Q2- carrier linked pro drugs which is covalently coupled with active drugs Q3- Enhace bioavailability, Enhance stability and reduce adverse drug reactions and side effects Q4- Phase 1 reaction such as oxidation and reduction.
Sania akhtar Roll no 39 Q1 Inactive form of drug called prodrug which converted into active form by bio transformation reaction Q2 Active drug is covelantly linked with inert carrier or transport moiety Q3 •Increase bioavailablity •increase duration of pharmacological action •decrease toxicity Q4 The oxidation and the reduction reaction are used for the bioactivation of bio precursor prodrugs.
Mahnoor Rehman Roll no :25 Q1: Ans: A pro-drug is a chemically modified inert precursor of the drug that on biotransformation liberates the pharmacologically active parent compound. Q:2 Ans: Carrier-linked prodrugs are the ones where the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety. Q:3 Ans:Improvement of odor. -Enhancement of bioavailability. -Improvement of stability and solubility properties. Q:4 Ans: phase 1 reactions such as oxidation ,reduction, phosphorylation
Anoosha Qureshi Roll no :03 Ans 1: A pro- drug is inert / inactive form of drug that undergoes biotransformation to release its active moiety Q2= Active drug is covalently linked to the inert trasport or moeity.They enhance the lipophilicity due to attaced carrier. The enzymatic drug is enzymatically or chemical cleavage 3) Enhance bioavailiblity Decrease ADR and toxicity Improve site specification 4.Bioactivation of phosphate prodrugs of prednisolone and phenytoin.
Muqadisa Ahmed Roll no 30Qno1: Prodrug is biologically inactive compound which can be metabolized in the body is called prodrug.prodrug is also called as pro agent, bio reversible derivative or latentiated. Qno:2 Carrier linked prodrug is defined as active drug is covelently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety. Qno3: Three reasons for synthesis of prodrug 1)Improvement of odor. 2)Enhancement of bioavailability. 3)Decrease toxicity and adverse reactions. Qno4: Name of reactions for bioactivation of bio precursor prodrug 1) oxidation 2) reduction
Mahnoor Ali (Roll no.24) Question 01: Prodrug: It is a chemically modified inert precursor of the drug that on biotransformation liberates the pharmacologically active parent compound. Question 02: Carrier linked prodrug: where the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety are called as carrier linked prodrugs. Question 03: (i) Improvement of stability and solubility properties. (ii) Decreased toxicity and adverse reactions (iii) Increased duration of pharmacological actions Question 04: These reactions involve oxidation, reduction, phosphorylation etc.
Hafsa qureshi Roll no 16 Qno1: Prodrug is biologically inactive compound which can be metabolized in the body is called prodrug.prodrug is also called as pro agent, bio reversible derivative or latentiated. Qno:2 Carrier linked prodrug is defined as active drug is covelently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety. Qno3: Three reasons for synthesis of prodrug 1)Improvement of odor. 2)Enhancement of bioavailability. 3)Decrease toxicity and adverse reactions. Qno4: Name of reactions for bioactivation of bio precursor prodrug 1) oxidation 2) reduction
Samreen nasir (38) Qno1: Prodrug is a form of drug which is biologically inactive compound which can be metabolized in the body is called prodrug.prodrug is also called as pro agent, bio reversible derivative or latentiated. Qno:2 Carrier linked prodrug is defined as active drug is covelently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety. Qno3: Three reasons for synthesis of prodrug 1)Improvement of odor. 2)Enhancement of bioavailability. 3)Decrease toxicity and adverse reactions. Qno4: Name of reactions for bioactivation of bio precursor prodrug 1) oxidation 2) reduction
Q1= Prodrugs are those medications which turn into active form once tgey enter into the body. They are also called bio agents ,bioreversible derrivative, and latentiated. Q2= Active drug is covalently linked to the inert trasport or moeity.They enhance the lipophilicity due to attaced carrier.The enzymatic drug is enzymatically or chemical cleavage . Q3= Improvement of odor Improvement of shape Increased site specificity Improved bioavailability Improved stability and solubility Q4= In Phase 1 reactions reduction and oxidation are used.
Maryam aziz Roll no 26 1) Prodrug is a chemically modified inert precursor of the drug that on biotransformation liberates tha pharmacologically active parent compound 2) Carrier linked prodrug are those which are covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety 3) To enhance bioavailability, to increase duration of pharmacological action, to improve stability and solubility properties 4)Phase 1 reactions such as oxidation and reduction
Dua Aftab Roll no 12 Ans. A prodrug is a chemically modified inert precursor of the drug that on biotransformation liberates the pharmacologically active parent compound. Ans.2 carrier linked prodrugs are those where the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety. Ans.3 To decrease toxicity or adverse reactions -enhancement of bioavailability -increased site specificity. Ans.4 Phase 1 reactions such as oxidation,reduction are involved in bioactivation of bioprecursor prodrugs
Ghazala Parveen 18 1) Pro drug is a chemical modified inert precursor of drug that on biotransformation produce pharmacological active parent compound. 2) Carrier linked prodrugs are ones where the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety. 3) Improve stability of drug Enhance bioavailability. Increase site specificity. 4) Oxidation, Reduction, Phosphorylation or chemical activation.
1)prodrugs are chemically and biologically inactive compound that can be converted into active after metabolism. 2) Active drug that is covalently linked to the inert transport or moiety.They have enhanced lipophilicity. 3) To increase bioavailability, increase duration of action and to decrease toxicity. 4) phase one reaction: Oxidation Reduction
1. Chemically and biologically inactive parent compounds that turn into active metabolite inside the body to show action. 2. Prodrugs with covalently bound inert transport or carriers. 3. To get better bioavailability, odour and stability. 4. Phase 1 reactions like oxidation, reduction phosphorylation or chemical activation.
Fatima shaikh 14 Ans#01; The prodrug is an inactive form of the drug which gets converted into its active form when it undergoes biotransformation reactions. Ans#02; when the active drug is covalently attached with the inert carrier or transport moiety then it is termed as Carrier linked prodrugs. Ans#03; The reasons for the synthesis of prodrugs are; a) enhancement of bioavailability b) improvement of odor c) decrease toxicity and adverse reaction Ans#04; The reactions include; oxidation, reduction, phosphorylation, or chemical activation.
Ans2 Carrier linked prodrug are the ones where the active drug is covalently linked to an intert carrier or transport moiety.prodrug modify the lipophilicity due to attached carrier.active drug is relesed by hydrolytic cleavage ether chemically or enzymatically...
Ans 3 1:- for the improvement of stability and solubility properties. 2:- decrease toxicity and adverse reactions 3:- enhancement of bioavailability. Ans 4 :- Phase 1 reaction ie. Oxidation and reduction reaction are used..
W.salam sir Sahar Aslam Roll no 46 Ans: 1 Prodrug R Medication that into an Active Form once they Enter into the Body Ans:2 Carrier Linked Pro drug r drug in witch activated drug is canvalently linked to an inert carrier Ans:3 it enhance bioactivity improves stability and solubility reduce ADRs and toxicity Ans :4 oxidation reduction phosphorylation
W.salam sir Name : Fiza Majeed Roll no : 15 Ans :01 Prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive compound that is converted to an active drug by metabolic biotransformation. Ans :02 Carrier-linked prodrugs are the one where the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety . Prodrugs modify the lipophilicity due to the attached carrier. Ans :03 *Improve bioavailability * Improve stability & solubility * increase side specificity Ans :04 Oxidation, Reduction and phosphorylation.
1. prodrug are chemically inert precursor means inactive drug that can converted into pharmacologically active parent component by the process of biotrasformation or inactivation.so that's why they are called as proagent or bioreversible derivative.
Sonia Rollno; 45 Ans1: Prodrug are medication that turn into active form once they enter the body. Ans2;Carrier- linked prodrug are the drug where the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety. Ans3; Reason for synthesis Prodrug; 1/ Enhancement of bioavailability. 2/improvement of stability and solubility properties. 3/Increased site specificity. Ans4: oxidation, reduction, phosphorylation.
Ghulam fatima (20) (1) A biologically inactive compound which can be metabolized in the body to produce a drug. (2) these are drugs in which active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety (3) for improvement of taste, odour and stability (4) phase 1 reactions like oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis
Mehwish Arain Roll no# 28 Ans 1 : A pro- drug is inert / inactive form of drug that undergoes biotransformation to release its active moiety . Ans 2 : carrier linked pro- drug are those which contain covalently bonded inert carrier with their active moiety . which On hydrolytic cleavage release its active drug . Ans 3: Reasons for pro- drug synthesis: 1: To improve the bioavailability of drug . 2: To promote side specific action. 3: To prolong the duration of action . Ans 4: Activation of bio- precursor pro-drug can occur through different reactions oxidation ( hydroxylation, N- dealkylation) ,reduction or chemical activation.
Ans 3 : improve stability , enhance metabolism, absorption,distribution, elimination. Improving adverse reactions and toxic effects. Ans 4: Phase 1 reaction such as oxidation and reduction.
W.salam sir Ans 1 prodrug is a biologically inactive compound which can be metabolized into pharmacologically active drug. Ans 2. Active drug is covalently linked to an inert Carrier. Ans 3. 1For improve stability property 2 Decrease toxicity 3 Increase duration of pharmacological action Ans 4... oxidation and reduction reaction.
Saira majeed Roll no 36. Ans•A precursor (forerunner) of a drug. A prodrug must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming an active pharmacological agent. Ans•Carrier linked prodrug has an inert carrier or transport which is coupled covalently with active drug. Ans•One main benefit is improving a medication's effectiveness. •Improve bioavailability •reduced toxicity. Ans•oxidation and reduction reaction.
W.salam Sir Naila Ali Ans1: Pro-drugs are itself pharmacological inactive but after metabolism become active. Ans2: Carrier linked pro-drugs are the drugs in which active drug is bind with the inert carrier or transport moiety bcz carrier will improve it's lipophilicity and release active drug at the site of action or breakdown in human body either chemically or enzymatically. Ans3: Reasons for the synthesis of pro-drugs are; To solve the pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic problems. Improvement of order, stability and solubility of the drug etc Ans: Types of bio-activation of bio- precursor reactions; Oxidation, Reduction, Phosphorylation pr chemical activation.
Rabia Roll no: 35 ANSWERS 01: Prodrug is a chemically modified inert precursor of drug that on metabolism generates pharmacologically active compound 02: carrier linked prodrugs are the one where the active drug is covalently linked to inert carrier or transport moiety. 03: To enhance permeation of drug in biological membrane To increase site specificity To enhance bioavailability. 04: Oxidation Reduction Phosphorylation
Noor e Sehar Roll no:33 Ans:1 Prodrugs are bioreversible, inactive drug derivatives, which have the ability to convert into a parent drug in the body after the process of metabolism. Ans:2 Carrier linked pro-drugs are drugs where the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety. Ans:3 i)To increase duration of pharmacological actions. ii)To enhance bioavailability. iii)To improve stability and solubility properties. Ans:4 Activation of bio-precursor pro-drug involve phase 1 reactions i.e oxidation and reduction reactions.
Ans:1 Pro drugs is chemically modified inert precursor of the drug that on bio transformation liberates the physiologically active parent compound. Ans:2 Carrier linked pro drugs are the ones where active drug is covalently linked to inert Carrier or transport moiety. These are esters and amides. Ans:3 Improvement of B.A Improvement of stability Improvement of odour Ans:4 Phase:1 reaction such as oxidation and reduction
Anum zardari roll no:06 1. prodrugs are chemically as well as biologically inactive compounds that turn into an active metabolite when enter into the body. 2. Active drugs that are covalently linked to an inert carrier. 3. A) to solve pharmacological problems. B) decrease toxicity, ADRs C) to improve stability. 4. Oxidation,reduction, N-dealkylation.
Name MurkBhutto RollNo31 Q1: Ans: Drug substance that is inactive in the intended pharmacological actions and is must to be converted into the pharmacologically active agent by metabolic or physico-chemical transformation. Q2 Ans Carrier linked prodrug has an inert carrier or transport which is coupled covalently with active drug. Q3 Ans optimize the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of drugs to improve their solubility and pharmacokinetic features and decrease their toxicity Q4 Ans phase 1 reactions such as oxidation and reduction
Sapna Nusrat (Roll no 41) Q:01 Ans: A pro-drug is a chemically modified inert precursor of the drug that on biotransformation liberates the pharmacologically active parent compound. Pro-drug is also called as pro-agent, bio-reversible, derivative or latentiated. Q:02 Ans: Carrier- linked pro-drug; These are the where the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier kr transport moiety. It's e.g are esters and amides Q:03 Ans: There are various reasons to synthesis pro-drug; a) To increase the duration of pharmacological activity. b) To improve the stability and solubility properties. c) And to enhance the bioavailability of drug. Q:04 Ans: E.g of the Reaction for bioactivation of bio precursor prodrugs are Reduction, Oxidation, Phosphorylation or Chemical Activation.
YusRa Shaikh Roll no 50 1 pharmacological inactive compound that is metabolized to the active drug after administration either through chemical or enzymatic process 2carrier linked pro drugs consist of the attachment of inert carrier group to the active drug through covalent linkage to alter its physiochemical properties 3 improve site specificity Decrease toxicity and adr Enhance bioavailability 4 phase 1 reaction such as oxidation and reduction
Q1: pro drugs are inactive compounds that are metabolized in our body and converted in to active form Q2: carrier linked pro drugs in which inert carrier is covalently coupled with active drugs Q3: enhance bioavailability Enhance stability Reduce ADR and side effects Q4: phase 1 reaction such as oxidation reduction
Q-1 Ans: A biologically inactive compound which can be metabolized in the body to produce a drug. Q-2 Ans: Carrier-linked pro-drugs are basically those drug in which the active drug molecules is covalently bonded the in inert carrier or transport moiety. Q-3 Ans: Improvement of odor Enhancement of bioavailability Increased site specificity. Q-4 Ans: Involves phase I, such as oxidation, reduction, phosphorylation, or chemical activation.
Ans - 2 Career link prodrugs is defined as in which the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transporter moiety. They have enhanced lipophilicity.
Ans - 1 PRODRUGS :- Prodrugs are medications that turn into an active form once they enter the body. Prodrugs help improve a medication's effectiveness. They may also be designed to avoid certain side effects or toxicities. Prodrugs are important for developing new medications.
Duaa Amir ali Roll no :11 Q no: 1 pharmacologically inert substance or medication that following administration undergoes enzymatic or chemical metabolism to become active substance Q no: 2 To change the active drugs physicochemical properties an inert carrier group is covalently connected to it This process is known as carrier linked pro drugs eg Ester and amide Q no: 3 Enhance site specificity Reduce toxicity and adverse events Improve bioavailability Q no: 4 Reaction names for bioactivation of bio precursor prodrug oxidation reduction
Q1 Ans:- prodrugs are medication that turn into a active form once they enter the body . Prodrug is also called as bioagent bio reversible derivative. Q2 Ans :- active drug is covalently linked to the inert transport or moiety the active drug is released by chemically or enzymatically cleavage. Q3 Ans 1- improvement of odor 2- increased site specificity 3- to enhance the bioavailability. Q4 Ans :- phase 1 reaction i-e oxidation and reduction reactions are used .
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Sanober Bozdar
Roll no:40
Qno :1
Prodrug is also called as Bio agent, Bio reversible derivative or latentiated,Prodrugs are medicaments that turn into an active form once they enter into the body.
Qno :2
The carrier linked prodrugs are also known as simple prodrugs the example of carrier linked prodrug are esters and amide ,A carrier linked prodrugs are basically those prodrugs in which the active drug molecule is covalently linked or covalently bonded with an inert or transport moiety.
Qno :3
a: improvement of odour
b: increased site specificity
c: to enhance the bioavailability.
Qno: 4
Phase 1- reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions are used.
W.Slam sir..
1) prodrug is biologically inactive compound that can be metabolized into pharmacologically active drug..
2) Active drug is covelantly linked with transport media..
3)a..Increase bioavailablity
b..increase duration of pharmacological action
c..decrease toxicity
4) The oxidation and the reduction reaction are used for the bioactivation of bio precursor prodrugs..
4/4
W.salam sir
1) Pharmacologically inactive compound/drug which is metabolized to the active drug after administration either through Chemical or enzymatic process
2)
Carrier linked pro drugs consists of the attachment of inert carrier group to the active drug through covalent linkage to alter it's physicochemical properties.
Eg. Esters and amides
3)
Improve site specificity
Decrease toxicity and ADR
Enhance bioavailability
4)
Phase. 1 reactions such as oxidation and reduction
Very good dr
4/4 score
Keep it up 👍
Q-1
A pro-drug is a chemically modified inert precursor of the drug that on biotransformation liberates the pharmacologically active parent compound.
Q-2
Carrier-linked prodrugs or simple prodrugs are those drugs which are covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety.
1.prodrug is a medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug.
2.Carrier linked prodrug has an inert carrier or transport which is coupled covalently with active drug. They have ester or amide linkage.
3.improve how an active drug molecule is absorbed, distributed, metabolized and eliminated.
4.Bioactivation of phosphate prodrugs of prednisolone and phenytoin.
Very good dr
4/4
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Q-3
It enhance bioactivity, improves stability and solubility, reduce ADRs and toxicity .
Q-4
Oxidation, reduction, phosphorylation .
Very good dr
4/4
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1- Prodrugs are medicaments that turn into an active form once they enter the body. Prodrug is also called as Bio agent, Bio reversible derivative or latentiated.
2- Active drug is covalently linked to the invert transport or moiety. The active drug is released by chemically or enzymatically cleavage.
3- a) improvement of odour
b) increased site specificity
c) to enhance the bioavailability
4- phase 1- reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions are used.
Very good dr
4/4
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Q1# Pro drugs is chemically modified inert precursor of the drug that on bio transformation liberates the physiologically active parent compound.
Q2# Carrier linked pro drugs are the ones where active drug is covalently linked to inert Carrier or transport moiety.
These are esters and amides.
Q3# Improvement of B.A
Improvement of stability
Improvement of odour
Q4# Phase:1 reaction such as oxidation and reduction
Very good dr
4/4
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Walikum Assalam Sir !
2) Active drug is covalently linked to the innert transport or moiety,they enhanced lipophilicity duee to attached carrier.The drug is released by chemically or enzymatically cleavage.
3) Enhance bioavailiblity
Decrease ADR and toxicity
Improve site specification
4) Oxidation & Reduction reaction
Very good dr
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1) Prodrug are medicatin that turn into an active form once they enter into the body.
Tabinda zameer
Roll:no:46
1)prodrug is a compound with little or nơ pharmacological activity that metabolised inside the body and converts into a pharmacologically active drug compounds
1) Carrier linked prodrugs or simple pro-drugs they are the ones where the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety .they are generally esters or amides the prodrugs modify the lipophilicity due to the attached carrier .
3)Reasons are :
Enhancement of bioavailability,increased site specificity ,decreased toxicity and adverse reactions,improvement of stability and solubility
4) oxidation reaction ,reduction reaction ,chemical activation
Aneeta lohana-04
1)Prodrugs are biologically inactive drugs which are active once they enter in body . They are also known as bioagents and reversible .
2) carrier linked prodrugs are simple prodrugs . Contain ester and amide . Active drug molecule linked with carrier . That is basically inert but transport the media to target site .
3) to solve pharmacological problems
To enhance bioavailability
And for improve taste .
4) oxidation reduction and N-dealkylation
Very good dr
4/4
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W.salam sir
Hamda bibi
Roll no:17
Q:1.
Ans. Prodrugs are medicaments that turn into n active form once they enter the body. Prodrug is also known as Bio-agents,Bio-reversible derivative or latentiated.
Q:2.
Ans. Active drug is covalently linked to the invert transportor or moiety.The active drug is released by chemically or enzymatically cleavage.
Q:3.
Ans. A) Improvement of odour
B) Increase site specificity
C)To enhance the bioavailability.
Q:4.
Ans. Phase 1 reaction
Oxidation and Reduction reaction are used.
Sawera mushtaque
Roll no 42
1 prodrugs are medicaments that turn into an active form once they enter the body .prodrug is also called as bio agent ,bio reversible
derivative .
2 Active drug is covalently linked to the invert transport or moiety .The active drug is released by chemically .
3 a) improvement of odour
b) increased site specificity
C ) to enhance the bioavailablity
4 phase 1- reactions ,oxidation and reductions reactions are used .
Ans 1: Prodrug is also called as pro agent, bio reversible derivative, and chemically modified precursor of drug that on biotransformation liberates pharmacologically active parent compound.
Ans 2: Carrier linked prodrug are those active drug that is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety.
W. Salam sir
Ans 1. .
Prodrugs are medications that turn into an active form once they enter the body.
Prodrug is also called as bio agent bio reversible derivative or latentiated.
Ans 2..
Active drug is covalently linked to the inert transport or moiety. They enhanced lipophilicity due to attached carrier. The active drug is released by chemically or enzymatically cleavage.
Ans 3..
.i*Improvement of odor.
ii* Increased site specificity.
iii*To enhance the bioavailablity .
Ans 4..
Phase 1 reaction ie oxidation and reduction reactions are used.
Well done Dr
4/4
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Asma umer
Roll no 7
Q1- prodrugs are inactivate compounds that are metabolised in our body and converted into their active pharmacological form.
Q2- carrier linked pro drugs which is covalently coupled with active drugs
Q3- Enhace bioavailability, Enhance stability and reduce adverse drug reactions and side effects
Q4- Phase 1 reaction such as oxidation and reduction.
Sania akhtar
Roll no 39
Q1
Inactive form of drug called prodrug which converted into active form by bio transformation reaction
Q2
Active drug is covelantly linked with inert carrier or transport moiety
Q3
•Increase bioavailablity
•increase duration of pharmacological action
•decrease toxicity
Q4
The oxidation and the reduction reaction are
used for the bioactivation of bio precursor
prodrugs.
Mahnoor Rehman
Roll no :25
Q1:
Ans: A pro-drug is a chemically modified inert precursor of the drug that on biotransformation liberates the pharmacologically active parent compound.
Q:2
Ans:
Carrier-linked prodrugs are the ones where the active drug is
covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety.
Q:3
Ans:Improvement of odor.
-Enhancement of bioavailability.
-Improvement of stability and solubility properties.
Q:4
Ans: phase 1 reactions such as oxidation ,reduction, phosphorylation
Anoosha Qureshi
Roll no :03
Ans 1: A pro- drug is inert / inactive form of drug that undergoes biotransformation to release its active moiety
Q2= Active drug is covalently linked to the inert trasport or moeity.They enhance the lipophilicity due to attaced carrier. The enzymatic drug is enzymatically or chemical cleavage
3) Enhance bioavailiblity
Decrease ADR and toxicity
Improve site specification
4.Bioactivation of phosphate prodrugs of prednisolone and phenytoin.
Muqadisa Ahmed Roll no 30Qno1:
Prodrug is biologically inactive compound which can be metabolized in the body is called prodrug.prodrug is also called as pro agent, bio reversible derivative or latentiated.
Qno:2
Carrier linked prodrug is defined as active drug is covelently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety.
Qno3:
Three reasons for synthesis of prodrug
1)Improvement of odor.
2)Enhancement of bioavailability.
3)Decrease toxicity and adverse reactions.
Qno4:
Name of reactions for bioactivation of bio precursor prodrug
1) oxidation
2) reduction
Mahnoor Ali (Roll no.24)
Question 01:
Prodrug: It is a chemically modified inert precursor of the drug that on biotransformation liberates the pharmacologically active parent compound.
Question 02:
Carrier linked prodrug: where the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety are called as carrier linked prodrugs.
Question 03:
(i) Improvement of stability and solubility properties.
(ii) Decreased toxicity and adverse reactions
(iii) Increased duration of pharmacological actions
Question 04:
These reactions involve oxidation, reduction, phosphorylation etc.
Hafsa qureshi
Roll no 16
Qno1:
Prodrug is biologically inactive compound which can be metabolized in the body is called prodrug.prodrug is also called as pro agent, bio reversible derivative or latentiated.
Qno:2
Carrier linked prodrug is defined as active drug is covelently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety.
Qno3:
Three reasons for synthesis of prodrug
1)Improvement of odor.
2)Enhancement of bioavailability.
3)Decrease toxicity and adverse reactions.
Qno4:
Name of reactions for bioactivation of bio precursor prodrug
1) oxidation
2) reduction
Samreen nasir (38)
Qno1:
Prodrug is a form of drug which is biologically inactive compound which can be metabolized in the body is called prodrug.prodrug is also called as pro agent, bio reversible derivative or latentiated.
Qno:2
Carrier linked prodrug is defined as active drug is covelently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety.
Qno3:
Three reasons for synthesis of prodrug
1)Improvement of odor.
2)Enhancement of bioavailability.
3)Decrease toxicity and adverse reactions.
Qno4:
Name of reactions for bioactivation of bio precursor prodrug
1) oxidation
2) reduction
Q1= Prodrugs are those medications which turn into active form once tgey enter into the body.
They are also called bio agents ,bioreversible derrivative, and latentiated.
Q2= Active drug is covalently linked to the inert trasport or moeity.They enhance the lipophilicity due to attaced carrier.The enzymatic drug is enzymatically or chemical cleavage .
Q3= Improvement of odor
Improvement of shape
Increased site specificity
Improved bioavailability
Improved stability and solubility
Q4= In Phase 1 reactions reduction and oxidation are used.
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Maryam aziz
Roll no 26
1) Prodrug is a chemically modified inert precursor of the drug that on biotransformation liberates tha pharmacologically active parent compound
2) Carrier linked prodrug are those which are covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety
3) To enhance bioavailability, to increase duration of pharmacological action, to improve stability and solubility properties
4)Phase 1 reactions such as oxidation and reduction
Dua Aftab
Roll no 12
Ans. A prodrug is a chemically modified inert precursor of the drug that on biotransformation liberates the pharmacologically active parent compound.
Ans.2 carrier linked prodrugs are those where the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety.
Ans.3 To decrease toxicity or adverse reactions
-enhancement of bioavailability
-increased site specificity.
Ans.4 Phase 1 reactions such as oxidation,reduction are involved in bioactivation of bioprecursor prodrugs
Ghazala Parveen 18
1) Pro drug is a chemical modified inert precursor of drug that on biotransformation produce pharmacological active parent compound.
2) Carrier linked prodrugs are ones where the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety.
3) Improve stability of drug
Enhance bioavailability.
Increase site specificity.
4) Oxidation, Reduction, Phosphorylation or chemical activation.
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1)prodrugs are chemically and biologically inactive compound that can be converted into active after metabolism.
2) Active drug that is covalently linked to the inert transport or moiety.They have enhanced lipophilicity.
3) To increase bioavailability, increase duration of action and to decrease toxicity.
4) phase one reaction:
Oxidation
Reduction
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1. Chemically and biologically inactive parent compounds that turn into active metabolite inside the body to show action.
2. Prodrugs with covalently bound inert transport or carriers.
3. To get better bioavailability, odour and stability.
4. Phase 1 reactions like oxidation, reduction phosphorylation or chemical activation.
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Fatima shaikh 14
Ans#01; The prodrug is an inactive form of the drug which gets converted into its active form when it undergoes biotransformation reactions.
Ans#02; when the active drug is covalently attached with the inert carrier or transport moiety then it is termed as Carrier linked prodrugs.
Ans#03; The reasons for the synthesis of prodrugs are;
a) enhancement of bioavailability
b) improvement of odor
c) decrease toxicity and adverse reaction
Ans#04; The reactions include; oxidation, reduction, phosphorylation, or chemical activation.
Faiza roll 13
3) improvement of odor
Increase site specificity
Enhance bioavailability
Ans2
Carrier linked prodrug are the ones where the active drug is covalently linked to an intert carrier or transport moiety.prodrug modify the lipophilicity due to attached carrier.active drug is relesed by hydrolytic cleavage ether chemically or enzymatically...
Ans 3
1:- for the improvement of stability and solubility properties.
2:- decrease toxicity and adverse reactions
3:- enhancement of bioavailability.
Ans 4 :-
Phase 1 reaction ie. Oxidation and reduction reaction are used..
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Sahar Aslam
Roll no 46
Ans: 1 Prodrug R Medication that into an Active Form once they Enter into the Body
Ans:2 Carrier Linked Pro drug r drug in witch activated drug is canvalently linked to an inert carrier
Ans:3 it enhance bioactivity improves stability and solubility reduce ADRs and toxicity
Ans :4 oxidation reduction phosphorylation
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Name : Fiza Majeed
Roll no : 15
Ans :01
Prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive compound that is converted to an active drug by metabolic biotransformation.
Ans :02
Carrier-linked prodrugs are the one where the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety . Prodrugs modify the lipophilicity due to the attached carrier.
Ans :03
*Improve bioavailability
* Improve stability & solubility
* increase side specificity
Ans :04
Oxidation, Reduction and phosphorylation.
Faiza roll 13
1) prodrug is a chemically modified inert precursor of the drug .
Ans3
In most case prodrug developement Pharmaceutic,pharmacological ,and pharmacokinetic problem .improvement oder,solubility, etc
1. prodrug are chemically inert precursor means inactive drug that can converted into pharmacologically active parent component by the process of biotrasformation or inactivation.so that's why they are called as proagent or bioreversible derivative.
2. carrier linked prodrug are those drugs that is covalebtly bonded to carrier group
Examples : amides and esters.
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Sonia
Rollno; 45
Ans1: Prodrug are medication that turn into active form once they enter the body.
Ans2;Carrier- linked prodrug are the drug where the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety.
Ans3; Reason for synthesis Prodrug;
1/ Enhancement of bioavailability.
2/improvement of stability and solubility properties.
3/Increased site specificity.
Ans4: oxidation, reduction, phosphorylation.
Ghulam fatima (20)
(1) A biologically inactive compound which can be metabolized in the body to produce a drug.
(2) these are drugs in which active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety
(3) for improvement of taste, odour and stability
(4) phase 1 reactions like oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis
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Mehwish Arain
Roll no# 28
Ans 1 : A pro- drug is inert / inactive form of drug that undergoes biotransformation to release its active moiety .
Ans 2 : carrier linked pro- drug are those which contain covalently bonded inert carrier with their active moiety . which On hydrolytic cleavage release its active drug .
Ans 3: Reasons for pro- drug synthesis:
1: To improve the bioavailability of drug .
2: To promote side specific action.
3: To prolong the duration of action .
Ans 4: Activation of bio- precursor pro-drug can occur through different reactions oxidation ( hydroxylation, N- dealkylation) ,reduction or chemical activation.
Ans 3 : improve stability , enhance metabolism, absorption,distribution, elimination.
Improving adverse reactions and toxic effects.
Ans 4: Phase 1 reaction such as oxidation and reduction.
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Ans 1
Prodrug are itself Pharmacological inactive but after metabolism become active...
4) produrgs are used to decrease the ADRs side effects and improve it's bioavailability and solubility.
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Ans 1 prodrug is a biologically inactive compound which can be metabolized into pharmacologically active drug.
Ans 2. Active drug is covalently linked to an inert Carrier.
Ans 3. 1For improve stability property
2 Decrease toxicity
3 Increase duration of pharmacological action
Ans 4... oxidation and reduction reaction.
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Saira majeed
Roll no 36.
Ans•A precursor (forerunner) of a drug. A prodrug must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming an active pharmacological agent.
Ans•Carrier linked prodrug has an inert carrier or transport which is coupled covalently with active drug.
Ans•One main benefit is improving a medication's effectiveness.
•Improve bioavailability
•reduced toxicity.
Ans•oxidation and reduction reaction.
4. Prodrugs are used to decrease toxicity ,adverse reaction and improve solubility, odor and enhance bioavailability.
W.salam Sir
Naila Ali
Ans1:
Pro-drugs are itself pharmacological inactive but after metabolism become active.
Ans2:
Carrier linked pro-drugs are the drugs in which active drug is bind with the inert carrier or transport moiety bcz carrier will improve it's lipophilicity and release active drug at the site of action or breakdown in human body either chemically or enzymatically.
Ans3:
Reasons for the synthesis of pro-drugs are;
To solve the pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic problems.
Improvement of order, stability and solubility of the drug etc
Ans:
Types of bio-activation of bio- precursor reactions;
Oxidation, Reduction, Phosphorylation pr chemical activation.
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Rabia
Roll no: 35
ANSWERS
01: Prodrug is a chemically modified inert precursor of drug that on metabolism generates pharmacologically active compound
02: carrier linked prodrugs are the one where the active drug is covalently linked to inert carrier or transport moiety.
03: To enhance permeation of drug in biological membrane
To increase site specificity
To enhance bioavailability.
04: Oxidation
Reduction
Phosphorylation
Noor e Sehar
Roll no:33
Ans:1
Prodrugs are bioreversible, inactive drug derivatives, which have the ability to convert into a parent drug in the body after the process of metabolism.
Ans:2
Carrier linked pro-drugs are drugs where the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transport moiety.
Ans:3
i)To increase duration of pharmacological actions.
ii)To enhance bioavailability.
iii)To improve stability and solubility properties.
Ans:4
Activation of bio-precursor pro-drug involve phase 1 reactions i.e oxidation and reduction reactions.
Ans:1
Pro drugs is chemically modified inert precursor of the drug that on bio transformation liberates the physiologically active parent compound.
Ans:2
Carrier linked pro drugs are the ones where active drug is covalently linked to inert Carrier or transport moiety.
These are esters and amides.
Ans:3
Improvement of B.A
Improvement of stability
Improvement of odour
Ans:4
Phase:1 reaction such as oxidation and reduction
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Anum zardari roll no:06
1. prodrugs are chemically as well as biologically inactive compounds that turn into an active metabolite when enter into the body.
2. Active drugs that are covalently linked to an inert carrier.
3. A) to solve pharmacological problems.
B) decrease toxicity, ADRs
C) to improve stability.
4. Oxidation,reduction, N-dealkylation.
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Name MurkBhutto
RollNo31
Q1:
Ans: Drug substance that is inactive in the intended pharmacological actions and is must to be converted into the pharmacologically active agent by metabolic or physico-chemical transformation.
Q2
Ans Carrier linked prodrug has an inert carrier or transport which is coupled covalently with active drug.
Q3
Ans optimize the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of drugs to improve their solubility and pharmacokinetic features and decrease their toxicity
Q4
Ans phase 1 reactions such as oxidation and reduction
Sapna Nusrat (Roll no 41)
Q:01
Ans: A pro-drug is a chemically modified inert precursor of the drug that on biotransformation liberates the pharmacologically active parent compound. Pro-drug is also called as pro-agent, bio-reversible, derivative or latentiated.
Q:02
Ans: Carrier- linked pro-drug;
These are the where the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier kr transport moiety.
It's e.g are esters and amides
Q:03
Ans: There are various reasons to synthesis pro-drug;
a) To increase the duration of pharmacological activity.
b) To improve the stability and solubility properties.
c) And to enhance the bioavailability of drug.
Q:04
Ans: E.g of the Reaction for bioactivation of bio precursor prodrugs are Reduction, Oxidation, Phosphorylation or Chemical Activation.
YusRa Shaikh
Roll no 50
1 pharmacological inactive compound that is metabolized to the active drug after administration either through chemical or enzymatic process
2carrier linked pro drugs consist of the attachment of inert carrier group to the active drug through covalent linkage to alter its physiochemical properties
3 improve site specificity
Decrease toxicity and adr
Enhance bioavailability
4 phase 1 reaction such as oxidation and reduction
Ans 2: carrier linked pro-drug are drugs in which activated drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier.
Ans -4
Phase -1 rxns that is oxidation reduction phosphorylation etc.
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Q1: pro drugs are inactive compounds that are metabolized in our body and converted in to active form
Q2: carrier linked pro drugs in which inert carrier is covalently coupled with active drugs
Q3: enhance bioavailability
Enhance stability
Reduce ADR and side effects
Q4: phase 1 reaction such as oxidation reduction
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Ans4
Reduction,oxidation ,phosphrylation or chemical activation...
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Q-1
Ans: A biologically inactive compound which can be metabolized in the body to produce a drug.
Q-2
Ans: Carrier-linked pro-drugs are basically those drug in which the active drug molecules is covalently bonded the in inert carrier or transport moiety.
Q-3
Ans: Improvement of odor
Enhancement of bioavailability
Increased site specificity.
Q-4
Ans: Involves phase I, such as oxidation, reduction, phosphorylation, or chemical activation.
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Ans 3 : to enhance bioavailability
To enhance stability o
To reduce it's ADRs and side
effects .
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Ans - 2
Career link prodrugs is defined as in which the active drug is covalently linked to an inert carrier or transporter moiety. They have enhanced lipophilicity.
Faiza roll 13
2) in which the active drug is covently linked to an inert carrier.They have enhanced lipophilicity.
Ans - 1
PRODRUGS :- Prodrugs are medications that turn into an active form once they enter the body. Prodrugs help improve a medication's effectiveness. They may also be designed to avoid certain side effects or toxicities. Prodrugs are important for developing new medications.
Duaa Amir ali
Roll no :11
Q no: 1
pharmacologically inert substance or medication that following administration undergoes enzymatic or chemical metabolism to become active substance
Q no: 2
To change the active drugs physicochemical properties an inert carrier group is covalently connected to it This process is known as carrier linked pro drugs
eg Ester and amide
Q no: 3
Enhance site specificity Reduce toxicity and adverse events Improve bioavailability
Q no: 4
Reaction names for bioactivation of bio precursor prodrug oxidation reduction
Ans - 3
1 - Enhancing bioavailability
2- Enhancing Stability
3 - For improvement of ADRS and toxicity rxns.
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3. The reaction involve in bioprecursors are mostly phase 1 reactions which are oxidation ,reduction reactions.
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W\salam sir
Q1
Ans:- prodrugs are medication that turn into a active form once they enter the body . Prodrug is also called as bioagent bio reversible derivative.
Q2
Ans :- active drug is covalently linked to the inert transport or moiety the active drug is released by chemically or enzymatically cleavage.
Q3
Ans 1- improvement of odor
2- increased site specificity
3- to enhance the bioavailability.
Q4
Ans :- phase 1 reaction i-e oxidation and reduction reactions are used .
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