Introduction to Accounting in Kannada | part 5 | objectives
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chapter 1
introduction to Accounting NCRT
Over the centuries, accounting has remained confined to the financial record-keeping functions of the accountant. But, today’s rapidly changing business environment has forced the accountants to reassess their roles and functions both within the organisation and the society. The role of an accountant has now shifted from that of a mere recorder of transactions to that of the member providing relevant information to the decisionmaking team. Broadly speaking, accounting today is much more than just book-keeping and the preparation of financial reports
Meaning of Accounting In 1941, The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) had defined accounting as the art of recording, classifying, and summarising in a significant manner and in terms of money, transactions and events which are, in part at least, of financial character, and interpreting the results thereof’. With greater economic development resulting in changing role of accounting, its scope, became broader.
In 1966, the American Accounting Association (AAA) defined accounting as ‘the process of identifying, measuring and communicating economic information to permit informed judgments and decisions by users of information’.
Organisation refers to a business enterprise, whether for profit or not-for-profit motive. Depending upon the size of activities and level of business operation, it can be a sole-proprietory concern, partnership firm, cooperative society, company, local authority, municipal corporation or any other association of persons.
Accounting as a Source of Information As discussed earlier, accounting is a definite processes of interlinked activities, that begins with the identification of transactions and ends with the preparation of financial statements.
To be useful, the accounting information should ensure to:
• provide information for making economic decisions;
• serve the users who rely on financial statements as their principal source of information;
• provide information useful for predicting and evaluating the amount, timing and uncertainty of potential cash-flows;
• provide information for judging management’s ability to utilise resources effectively in meeting goals;
• provide factual and interpretative information by disclosing underlying assumptions on matters subject to interpretation, evaluation, prediction, or estimation; and
• provide information on activities affecting the society.
5 Basic Terms in Accounting
Entity Entity means a reality that has a definite individual existence. Business entity means a specifically identifiable business enterprise like Super Bazaar, Hire Jewellers, ITC Limited, etc. An accounting system is always devised for a specific business entity (also called accounting entity).
Transaction An event involving some value between two or more entities. It can be a purchase of goods, receipt of money, payment to a creditor, incurring expenses, etc. It can be a cash transaction or a credit transaction.
Assets Assets are economic resources of an enterprise that can be usefully expressed in monetary terms. Assets are items of value used by the business in its operations.
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