I feel dumb for not ever considering this, but it makes sense. I guess it just means the rocket is still accelerating at least a bit, pushing the rocket fuel together in the bottom of the tank.
Realising how much you don't know does not make you dumb, you're actually just taking the first step to being knowledgeable. Keep your head up, go science!
Did you know that Tim's idea to simultaneously use header tank fuels for the ollage thrusters to inertially stabilize those same fuels, inspired Elon, who awarded Tim with his moon ride? I was listening live, in awe, as they toured the OLM, together.
I forgot about ullage motors. Hit staging is a more efficient way to separate rocket stages when you don’t need to add the complexity and weight and propellant weight of multiple ullage engines. With every vehicle designed to defy earth’s gravity including airplanes, the more weight that can be saved, the more efficient the vehicle will be.
@@iditarod4081Manouvering thrusters are not ulage motors, but I suppose some (the ones with correct orientation toward main engines) can be used as such if they are powerfull enough and can work long enough.
The upper stage still needs ullage motors to relight its engines in space, for example, to start a deorbit, circularation, or orbit raising burn. It's only for the current suborbital missions that Starship can fully avoid needing ullage motors. For future orbital flights, hot staging may still allow for less powerful ullage motors and faster staging with less downtime.
It also puts less stress on the frame. Cold staging would be like going down the Hwy ay 100 mph and letting off the gas only to slam it back down a few seconds later giving you whiplash. Hot staging no whiplash.
Jesus the 403 bots in the comments are so annoying, literally nobody watching videos like this click on that garbage. Wtf is the point in these bots anyways?? Great video by the way, I didn't even realize they did this.
Hey Tim, been watching you since the first falcon Heavy launch. Your content is so inspirational and you’ve left a huge impact on my life and career desires! Thanks for all of your work you’ve done for your followers and stay happy.
Did you know that Tim's idea to simultaneously use header tank fuels for the ollage thrusters to inertially stabilize those same fuels, inspired Elon, who awarded Tim with his moon ride? I was listening live, in awe, as they toured the OLM, together.
No crunch, sure relating to separate things he didn’t get the seat because of that. It’s true that he did suggest it, but that’s got nothing to do with him getting a ride
When I was a kid and stayed home from school to watch the launch of the first astraunt in space we only had a black and white TV and Walter Chronkite to teach us about rockets. Now we have Tim. He does an amazing job with his knowledge and technical wizardry. ❤
I love that footage of stage separation with the aura around the rocket. It looks exactly like those renaissance painting where the sky is opened showing the angles of heaven. - very beautiful.
"Let's hit the top of this booster with the world's biggest blowtorch for half a minute, and then reuse it to launch another rocket." "Yeah, good idea."
Blowtorches are hotter oxygen rich flames focused on a small area, this is the opposite and they can always fit some ablative sacrificial shields that can be refurbished before subsequent flight if need be.
Been watching you for years now young man I thoroughly enjoy your videos. I remember watching the moon landing in 69 It was awesome I’ve loved rockets ever since. Keep up the great work and thank you.
These huge boosters need bulkheads to trap enough fuel and O2 to keep the motor pumps primed. A non return flap (or many) would allow fluids to free flow down but not let it go back into the upper tank.
I will never forget the video where you and Elon were talking and walking and YOU suggested hot staging. Elon thought about it for a moment and now look ! Every time I hear hot staging I think of you.
this guy is such a scientist... omg... follow him omg... he is super smart... alll the edited videos he did are awesome omg... he is god... he is amazing
I thought Starship is only using hot staging at first to fix the second stage startup reliability and SpaceX is going to figure out how to do it in production versions without hot staging to eliminate disposable hot staging rings.
One shouldn't underemphasize the efficiency gained by hot staging - the fact that you avoid the period between stage cutoff and upper stage ignition where the deceleration of the vehicle reduces the total impulse obtained from propellent combustion.
The hot staging ring to protect the 1st stage is heavy and unnecessary if you don't hot stage. Hot staging might still be a stopgap to solve ullage that can be addressed with a pusher and RCS. TBD.
It's the simplest, but it is also dangerous if the separation is not ideal. The Soviets had missions lost because of separation issues during hot stagging.
What about putting the fuel into "fuel bags"? 👀 then the bag just collapses as it empties and allows for no air to get inside? Just a thought. Could also have a mechanism that compresses the bag for perfect flow?
I would imagine it's hard enough building a rocket body holding so much pressurized gaseous fuel. Now imagine trying to build an inflatable bladder that can tolerate the heat and the pressure. Good luck with that!
@@demef758 they literally just have, that's the point. Nasa just made inflatable habitation modules that can handle really high pressure and temp differences and it seems it would be perfect. The only thing I did think was extra weight from structural additions and the bag itself might push it over the delta V limit.
They could do like many race cars and have a surge tank. A smaller tank where fuel is being constantly pumped into so that the motor is not starved of fuel going round corners when the main tank isn't completely full
i do hot staging in kerbal space program just because it means i need to press the space bar less (and it quickly gives me some distance from the lower stage)
Did y'all know that Tim's idea to simultaneously use header tank fuels for the ollage thrusters while inertially stabilizing those same fuels, inspired Elon to do so, who awarded Tim with his moon ride? I was listening live, in awe, as they toured the OLM, chatting it out together.
@@sisamusudroka3000 Yes, but it has to be A LOT cheaper and still viable to make fast turnaround feasible. Otherwise, it's just somewhat lower cost to orbit, but the model stays exactly the same.
To be honest, SpaceX an American company, follows heavily the working and developing principles of Soviet rocket engineering. Clustering small, high efficient engines and hot staging are just some of the traditional hallmarks of Soviet rockets.
Why would this seem ridiculous? What seems ridiculous is sacrificing the hard earned momentum of the first stage. To me, it seems 100% logical to start the engines before separation.
Someone who paid closer attention in physics class needs to help me out here... When they do the flip and boost back, how much of their momentum do they have to counteract? Like do they essentially stop then use gravity and fuel to guide back to the launch site? The drone ship makes sense to me, but the return to launch seems odd to me
Staging for starship occurs at a speed of 5700km/h. The booster has to flip around and essentially push itself back in the other direction in order to return to the launch site.
The drone ship for a vehicle like starship goes against the entire point of the system in the first place. To be *rapidly* reusable. The goal is to reuse the same vehicle with hours between flights.
If you would treat the fuel tanks like an accumulator zero G wouldn’t be an issue for the fuel. There would be some issues with the cooled propellant and oxidizer making a functioning accumulator fuel tank but surely something SpaceX can figure out.
Which material do you use to make an elastic membrane that can work in cryogenic temps for your pressure accu? There is also the problem of boil off. Some of the liquid boils when the temperature goes up or pressure goes down. So there would still be some gas on the liquid side of the membrane. You would need a propellant gas. With a membrane you add points of failure.
@@niconico3907 if you use a piston type accumulator the material choice would be somewhat easier to solve than if you use a bladder type accumulator. I’m sure there are engineering solutions to how you seal the piston.
I love that Elon and the team at spaceX accomplished the seemingly impossible, but I’m going to hate the day(inevitable) after 20 reuses, that there’s a catastrophic failure on the tower and they have to rebuild the whole thing pausing this innovation. I would love to see more towers built quickly, To ensure rapid and continuous development.
Hey Tim, Do you think maybe perhaps this whole shebang won't work? Like catching boosters or 100 tons to Leo? I'm a huge fan of the program and I look forward to all the achievements, but I feel like by the time we're done, there will be a lot of changes that we wouldn't recognize now.
Hey do you posts video somewhere else now? I haven’t really scene any new videos uploaded besides a space launch? Please lmk even if it’s a paid subscription service you are now on
I’ve always done about a video a month. This months video is a little delayed because it required approval from two different companies (a tour of RFA and ISAR in Europe), so it’ll come out in May. No paid subscription stuff, but I do have a casual podcast called “Spacewalk” where you can keep up with me between launches and videos!
How hot does the top of the booster get during hot staging, does it have some kind of heat shielding, does it need somenkind of refurbishement? Do the engines start off slow and then throttle up more after separation?
The fuel isn't in 0G, although you might call it "weightless". But really it's just in freefall, as is everything in orbit. They're still feeling nearly all of Earth's gravity, and they're falling downward. But their forward motion means that, as they fall, they get further away from the ground under them. So they go in a sort of continuous, circular fall, and that's what orbiting is. Without the falling, spacecraft would just go on in a straight line off to infinity. Many sources will tell you there's 0G in space, but that really isn't true. It's the same 0G you'd get in an elevator, if it plumetted down it's shaft. You and everything in it would be falling together, and it would feel like there was no gravity. The difference with orbiting is, you continually avoid the bottom of the shaft.
It is RELATIVE 0 G. Like an astronaut has 0 G relative to his ship. (Well, almost.) They both have sort of 1 G towards earth. And other forces to other bodies.
The last part doesn’t make any sense he says how far it travels between separation and Miko then says this somehow lets it turn around sooner.. if anything the hot stage makes it get further away before turning back.
If staging happens at the same time, and one can begin to flip immediately at staging and one has to wait 15 seconds, which one will have traveled further down range?
Instantly I feel both smarter and dumber.
I feel dumb for not ever considering this, but it makes sense. I guess it just means the rocket is still accelerating at least a bit, pushing the rocket fuel together in the bottom of the tank.
Realising how much you don't know does not make you dumb, you're actually just taking the first step to being knowledgeable. Keep your head up, go science!
@@Duffman19370 it is a feeling I am very used to. The universe is not stranger than we know. It is stranger than we can ever know.
@@MrAB-fo7zk you're not dumb or stupid just for not knowing or realising something.
I mean. The worst things you could do is apply at spacex and not get it. I think hot staging is neat.
"Sir! The engines kicked in while the rocket was still connected!"
"Uh.. its a new feature!"
See the vents? It's intended
@@kreuner11 I think it's a joke
It’s the rocket tow haul feature lol
@@KerbalsandWackMacs And he made a joke too
James May *watches* "Separate, Separate, Separate"
Tim has learned a lot since he started his channel several years ago.
Did you know that Tim's idea to simultaneously
use header tank fuels for the ollage thrusters to inertially stabilize those same fuels, inspired Elon, who awarded Tim with his moon ride? I was listening live, in awe, as they toured the OLM, together.
@@Crunch_dGHmusk did not award him the moon ride, wtf are you talking about. a japanese artist did
@@MrMegaMetroid There's not going to be any moon ride awarded by a japanese billionaire
_But he didn’t learn that _*_NOTHING_*_ is capable of flying or floating in a vacuum._
@@Crunch_dGHThey're not thrusters, that's a different beast and it's ullage with a "u" not ollage!
I forgot about ullage motors. Hit staging is a more efficient way to separate rocket stages when you don’t need to add the complexity and weight and propellant weight of multiple ullage engines. With every vehicle designed to defy earth’s gravity including airplanes, the more weight that can be saved, the more efficient the vehicle will be.
It still needs ullage motors for re-entry also maneuvering in space also all the times it's going to need it on a cross planet mission
@@iditarod4081Manouvering thrusters are not ulage motors, but I suppose some (the ones with correct orientation toward main engines) can be used as such if they are powerfull enough and can work long enough.
The upper stage still needs ullage motors to relight its engines in space, for example, to start a deorbit, circularation, or orbit raising burn. It's only for the current suborbital missions that Starship can fully avoid needing ullage motors. For future orbital flights, hot staging may still allow for less powerful ullage motors and faster staging with less downtime.
It also puts less stress on the frame. Cold staging would be like going down the Hwy ay 100 mph and letting off the gas only to slam it back down a few seconds later giving you whiplash. Hot staging no whiplash.
Tim. Shorts like this are a brilliant idea. Keep it up.
Jesus the 403 bots in the comments are so annoying, literally nobody watching videos like this click on that garbage. Wtf is the point in these bots anyways?? Great video by the way, I didn't even realize they did this.
Wait, are you a bot but just really clever? You never know anymore 😳
I guess it adds in the engagement for the all mighty algo though?
Great comments
I mean just one is probably enough for them to make some kind of profit
@@droidnickmoon
Those re-enterings will never cease to amaze me, it looks unreal how the rocket motors counterbalance so quickly and keep the entire thing upright.
I Like how the sealevel Engines point outward before staging to i guess protect them from each other.
Hey Tim, been watching you since the first falcon Heavy launch. Your content is so inspirational and you’ve left a huge impact on my life and career desires! Thanks for all of your work you’ve done for your followers and stay happy.
Did you know that Tim's idea to simultaneously
use header tank fuels for the ollage thrusters to inertially stabilize those same fuels, inspired Elon, who awarded Tim with his moon ride? I was listening live, in awe, as they toured the OLM, together.
Suck up!
Oh wow I didn’t know that!
No crunch, sure relating to separate things he didn’t get the seat because of that. It’s true that he did suggest it, but that’s got nothing to do with him getting a ride
When I was a kid and stayed home from school to watch the launch of the first astraunt in space we only had a black and white TV and Walter Chronkite to teach us about rockets. Now we have Tim. He does an amazing job with his knowledge and technical wizardry. ❤
I love that footage of stage separation with the aura around the rocket. It looks exactly like those renaissance painting where the sky is opened showing the angles of heaven. - very beautiful.
SpaceX relived the titan rocket era
"Let's hit the top of this booster with the world's biggest blowtorch for half a minute, and then reuse it to launch another rocket."
"Yeah, good idea."
Blowtorches are hotter oxygen rich flames focused on a small area, this is the opposite and they can always fit some ablative sacrificial shields that can be refurbished before subsequent flight if need be.
@@xqr2911yeah it was a joke, genius. Don’t need to break it down like we’re idiots, you bellend
this comemnt was a joke right?
Not nearly half a minute. Also that’s what the hot stage ring is for, to absorb all that energy
@@Icetea-2000 Not absorb but rather dissipate and redirect outside the vehicle through the holes cut in the walls of the ring.
Marvelous! I’m really enjoying your content over here and space walk podcast too. You’re killing it Tim. 🚀
Precisely the reason I do this in KSP. NOT because I messed up the staging.
Recent subscriber....love your channel! Learning a lot from you.
Been watching you for years now young man I thoroughly enjoy your videos. I remember watching the moon landing in 69 It was awesome I’ve loved rockets ever since. Keep up the great work and thank you.
Neat seeing the past cgi render of the catch with the chopsticks after seeing them pull it off for real the other week!
Thank you, Will Wheaton!
Such a fan of yours Tim! Cant wait to see you get your wings!
Hi! Remember meeting you at Fully Charge me Live at Austin in TX.
What a great weekend that was!
"Hot staging" is worth doing just for the name.
Will the top stage get a bit more push from the booster connected since it has something solid to push itself off from instead of the vacuum of space?
Absolutely Wonderful!
Perfect explanation.
Actual info I did not know. Thanks
Liquid O2 is notorious for getting gas bubbles in it. Tore more than one pump up at work.
These huge boosters need bulkheads to trap enough fuel and O2 to keep the motor pumps primed. A non return flap (or many) would allow fluids to free flow down but not let it go back into the upper tank.
Gives the next stage thrust something to push against too.
I will never forget the video where you and Elon were talking and walking and YOU suggested hot staging. Elon thought about it for a moment and now look ! Every time I hear hot staging I think of you.
I think that and this video are actually two different topics. 😂
@@cececox6399 nope. same topic. hot staging.
@@DueBacinope. not hot staging. Hot gas thrusters. i remember. but i also just checked. . . .
@@ernop350 so Tim suggested hot thrusters ?
@@DueBaci the rocket use to have cold gaz thrusters for steering. So the rocket had to have different pressure tanks for that.
this guy is such a scientist... omg... follow him omg... he is super smart... alll the edited videos he did are awesome omg... he is god... he is amazing
Take out the landing legs makes it easy for relaunch of the Falcon 9..😮😮
Reminded me of being a kid in the pool launching friends into the air out of the water
I thought Starship is only using hot staging at first to fix the second stage startup reliability and SpaceX is going to figure out how to do it in production versions without hot staging to eliminate disposable hot staging rings.
Wow ….e una cosa meravigliosa. Lo spazio è la nostra casa❤ Vorrei nascere di nuovo in un epoca dove i viaggi interstellari sono una realtà .
One shouldn't underemphasize the efficiency gained by hot staging - the fact that you avoid the period between stage cutoff and upper stage ignition where the deceleration of the vehicle reduces the total impulse obtained from propellent combustion.
What 🤔 💭 🤔
Plus, it looks sweet. Nice.
That is just freaking Amazing ❤
Scientists thought of this before actual space travel. Genius.
The hot staging ring to protect the 1st stage is heavy and unnecessary if you don't hot stage. Hot staging might still be a stopgap to solve ullage that can be addressed with a pusher and RCS. TBD.
I learn abit more about rockets ...thanks . interesting
Unequivocally Amazing
This was strangely fascinating
It's the simplest, but it is also dangerous if the separation is not ideal. The Soviets had missions lost because of separation issues during hot stagging.
My dogs might be Soviet spies. They also have separation issues... 😂😂
What about putting the fuel into "fuel bags"? 👀 then the bag just collapses as it empties and allows for no air to get inside? Just a thought. Could also have a mechanism that compresses the bag for perfect flow?
I would imagine it's hard enough building a rocket body holding so much pressurized gaseous fuel. Now imagine trying to build an inflatable bladder that can tolerate the heat and the pressure. Good luck with that!
@@demef758 they literally just have, that's the point. Nasa just made inflatable habitation modules that can handle really high pressure and temp differences and it seems it would be perfect. The only thing I did think was extra weight from structural additions and the bag itself might push it over the delta V limit.
They could do like many race cars and have a surge tank. A smaller tank where fuel is being constantly pumped into so that the motor is not starved of fuel going round corners when the main tank isn't completely full
This is cool
i do hot staging in kerbal space program just because it means i need to press the space bar less (and it quickly gives me some distance from the lower stage)
Thats awsome man
More like this please
Very cool
Did y'all know that Tim's idea to simultaneously use header tank fuels for the ollage thrusters while inertially stabilizing those same fuels, inspired Elon to do so, who awarded Tim with his moon ride? I was listening live, in awe, as they toured the OLM, chatting it out together.
Thank you for your very informative explanation and video demonstration. 👍
It's very impressive! 👏
Keep up good work! 😊
How will they do ullage when they light back up to burn into Mars?
Thx 4 using metric 😊
When are you going to interview our hero, “Norminal” John?
Grasshopper I was intrigued from the beginning
I have no idea what you said but cool video
So now they can catch a Falcon9 ..Right?if it was slightly re designed even a super barge with a smaller tower could catch it out at sea😮😊
Never noticed your different colored eyes. Cool!
"expendable" rockets. will be interesting to find out what shape the booster is actually in and the cost to get it launchworthy again.
Bet it'll still be less than making a new one
@@sisamusudroka3000 Yes, but it has to be A LOT cheaper and still viable to make fast turnaround feasible. Otherwise, it's just somewhat lower cost to orbit, but the model stays exactly the same.
To be honest, SpaceX an American company, follows heavily the working and developing principles of Soviet rocket engineering. Clustering small, high efficient engines and hot staging are just some of the traditional hallmarks of Soviet rockets.
Thank you for the great coverage of this topic.
- So the old Titan 2 used hot staging? I didnt know that.
We lack nothing in this world, but to be our very best version of ourselves.
Now... where did I leave my keys?
Kilometers / hour?
Is this Canada?
Amazing👍
Thanks. I'm now a rocket scientist. At least in my head.
hot staging is when i can afford to eat on a particular day
Why would this seem ridiculous? What seems ridiculous is sacrificing the hard earned momentum of the first stage. To me, it seems 100% logical to start the engines before separation.
What a brilliant talent technology it's very temperature sensitive controlling performance great
Is SpaceX ever planning on incorporating the hot staging ring into the booster so they don't have to eject it to complete the landing?
How does that not shrink the lifespan of the rocket significantly?
I used to do this in ksp
4:35
Elon: We've had that discussion many times...
HARD CUT
I wonder if Elon gave more information than he was supposed to😂
Someone who paid closer attention in physics class needs to help me out here...
When they do the flip and boost back, how much of their momentum do they have to counteract? Like do they essentially stop then use gravity and fuel to guide back to the launch site? The drone ship makes sense to me, but the return to launch seems odd to me
Staging for starship occurs at a speed of 5700km/h. The booster has to flip around and essentially push itself back in the other direction in order to return to the launch site.
The drone ship for a vehicle like starship goes against the entire point of the system in the first place. To be *rapidly* reusable. The goal is to reuse the same vehicle with hours between flights.
on #5 hot staging bent the grid fins a little. spaceX has a solution for it already but it's not known to the public yet.
Is the rocket equivalent of a double clutch?
very interesting 😮😮😮
If you would treat the fuel tanks like an accumulator zero G wouldn’t be an issue for the fuel. There would be some issues with the cooled propellant and oxidizer making a functioning accumulator fuel tank but surely something SpaceX can figure out.
Which material do you use to make an elastic membrane that can work in cryogenic temps for your pressure accu?
There is also the problem of boil off. Some of the liquid boils when the temperature goes up or pressure goes down. So there would still be some gas on the liquid side of the membrane.
You would need a propellant gas.
With a membrane you add points of failure.
@@niconico3907 if you use a piston type accumulator the material choice would be somewhat easier to solve than if you use a bladder type accumulator. I’m sure there are engineering solutions to how you seal the piston.
explain project fishbowl, sir
You are basically lighting the joint and not rolling the windows down. The concept is not new, they just changed the name from “hot boxing”.
Worked on Gemini ....
Every one is waiting for gigazila catch the booter
Before spaceX, but after Saturn V. I had a hot stage estes rocket.
I love that Elon and the team at spaceX accomplished the seemingly impossible, but I’m going to hate the day(inevitable) after 20 reuses, that there’s a catastrophic failure on the tower and they have to rebuild the whole thing pausing this innovation. I would love to see more towers built quickly, To ensure rapid and continuous development.
Hey Tim, Do you think maybe perhaps this whole shebang won't work? Like catching boosters or 100 tons to Leo? I'm a huge fan of the program and I look forward to all the achievements, but I feel like by the time we're done, there will be a lot of changes that we wouldn't recognize now.
Elon recently admitted Starship can only do 40 tons to orbit, less than Falcon Heavy.
@@xlynx9definitely not true
@@xlynx9 Only the current version, which will be retiring soon
@@xlynx9That’s the flight 3 version. Severely underfueled
Grid pin was patrially melted after hot staging..
Hey do you posts video somewhere else now? I haven’t really scene any new videos uploaded besides a space launch? Please lmk even if it’s a paid subscription service you are now on
I’ve always done about a video a month. This months video is a little delayed because it required approval from two different companies (a tour of RFA and ISAR in Europe), so it’ll come out in May. No paid subscription stuff, but I do have a casual podcast called “Spacewalk” where you can keep up with me between launches and videos!
How hot does the top of the booster get during hot staging, does it have some kind of heat shielding, does it need somenkind of refurbishement? Do the engines start off slow and then throttle up more after separation?
The plan is to have absolutely minimal refurbishment between flights, so they'll probably some shielding
I doubt that if it's solid steel that those very short moments of exhaust gas will actually damage the booster.
What is meco??? If i spell it right....heard they use that term with the space shuttle flights
Main Engine Cut Off. basically when the engines of the booster stop firing
Good video
It was pretty cool to watch but did you see what it did to those fins warped them bad
So they using the KSP no decoupler technique.
What spaceX. I prefer the NOVA rocket with the 6C turret. Or Boeing's double space shuttle or HTOL and SKYLON. THREATS and fiercer.
They should just put a hellcat engine in it.
The fuel isn't in 0G, although you might call it "weightless". But really it's just in freefall, as is everything in orbit. They're still feeling nearly all of Earth's gravity, and they're falling downward.
But their forward motion means that, as they fall, they get further away from the ground under them. So they go in a sort of continuous, circular fall, and that's what orbiting is. Without the falling, spacecraft would just go on in a straight line off to infinity.
Many sources will tell you there's 0G in space, but that really isn't true. It's the same 0G you'd get in an elevator, if it plumetted down it's shaft. You and everything in it would be falling together, and it would feel like there was no gravity. The difference with orbiting is, you continually avoid the bottom of the shaft.
It is RELATIVE 0 G.
Like an astronaut has 0 G relative to his ship. (Well, almost.)
They both have sort of 1 G towards earth.
And other forces to other bodies.
The g in 0G is G-Force not gravity.
So yes the fuel has zero g forces applied to it.
Doesn't mean there's zero gravity though.
Is that new technology or has that always been around
The last part doesn’t make any sense he says how far it travels between separation and Miko then says this somehow lets it turn around sooner.. if anything the hot stage makes it get further away before turning back.
If staging happens at the same time, and one can begin to flip immediately at staging and one has to wait 15 seconds, which one will have traveled further down range?
@@EverydayAstronaut oh I see so if it *hadnt* hot staged then it would take 15sec, I heard it the other way around. Thanks!
these shorts are awesome