Transfer in Second Language Acquisition
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- Опубликовано: 16 окт 2024
- How does our first language influence learning new ones? What gets moved over from the old languages to the new? This week on The Ling Space, we talk about transfer in second language acquisition: how we know that the foundation of our new language is the one we knew already, and what the effects are of having that old language knowledge around.
This is Topic #13!
This week's tag language: Cree!
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OMG this guy is my new favourite person. He's wearing a "Let's go to the Mall" T-Shirt reference to "How I Met Your Mother" (HMYM)
Barney frequently wears costumes 5:10
and
Ted married the woman he met at the wedding 5:24
:D :D
@@souadcheybi4915 And don't forget "Lily didn't drink the beer or the whiskey" at 5:46 LOL!
I Love this video. You did a great job explaining the transferability among languages. As a teacher of English whose first language is Spanish I find these elements fascinating. Thanks for sharing.
+Ignorance_isaboutnothing Thanks for letting us know! We really like to hear from people who get something from the videos, and particularly from teachers. Glad you liked it! ^_^
I suggest some topics for the future:
1- Reversing language shift.
2- Prescriptivism (corpus planning)
3-how much is innate and how much is learnt?
Have an assignment due today and this video saved me! Thank you so much!
Great job! I never expected that I would find videos about linguistic theories and definitions! So helpful and exactly what I need for my thesis in linguistics!
I love your videos Moti! As a learner of Japanese and Canadian, your Quebec French references and Japanese ones especially help me understand linguistic concepts. Thank you!!!
First, I love these videos. I'm a native German speaker who started English immersion at 10, then moved to the US at age 12. English is my dominant language now though I still consider myself fluent in German. Also do ok in French and Spanish. Then phrases or more in diverse languages (Scandinavian, Russian, Farsi, Korean, etc.). My German sometimes gets influenced syntactically by English. After some wine, my English pronunciation still gets influenced by German. Example the L.
+Nobbi Lampe-Strang Glad you like the videos! And that's interesting, too. If you're mainly talking in English, it may be that sometimes, you slot German into an English structure, in almost a code-mixing kind of way. But if it's more systematic when you're speaking in German, then it may be that you have undergone some attrition - the loss of some features in a language you had already.
And yeah, pronunciation while a bit drunk is definitely more variable. It's unfortunate that we can't do more systematic research on that point - I think it'd be very interesting to look at, say, fluency in an L2 when tipsy, or pronunciation, etc. But it's hard to get grants for that kind of thing. ^_^
+Ann Onimous This sort of depends what you mean! It's not at all uncommon, say, if you've moved somewhere where you now use your L2 most of the time, and you only use your L1 rarely. Then finding effects of your L2 on your L1 gets to be more common - it finds its way into the system. This is a process known as language attrition, where one system gets kind of rusty. We'd expect to see some transfer back in those cases. Is this what you're thinking? Or do you have something else in mind? Hope this helps! ^_^
+The Ling Space
This happened to me after an academic year in Austria. My English still has a little German from time to time.
I teach English to Swiss German speakers. At 5:34 you give an example of how crosslinguistic influence would affect relative clauses formed by a native speaker of Greek. It struck me that such a construction might not be due to language-specific transfer. I have seen lots of similar sentences produced by learners at earlier stages when they need to combine two sentences to form relative clauses (e.g. Ted married the woman. He met her at the wedding.). This is not how relative clauses are formed in German, though. So it cannot be an example of transfer. And I am wondering if it could actually be evidence for language universals? Would be interesting to find out whether this is true for speakers of different L1s.
By the way, research and discourse about bilingualism and multilingualism have been moving away from viewing cross-linguistic influence as "errors" or "mistakes". The same is true for accents, so, saying that these can be fixed is a sign for the monolingual bias that is still common, even in the field of linguistics.
Anyway, I really like your videos a lot, thanks!
I am loving these videos. Thank you.
+Peter Dodson Really glad you're liking them! Thanks for watching. ^_^
What a great video and great channel!!! Congratulations!!! I have a question: you said transfer can happen from phonology to semantics, can it happen in Pragmatics too? And also would you mind sharing some bibliography on this topic?
Today! What a great show
And as to the topic, oh, totes. I so had that.
Do you also transfer from your other languages when you learn another one?
Like I feel that I transfer the most from english when learning Korean because the most material is in it.
But, if I find a conzept that more closely is represented in Polish or german I asociate it with that.
Yeah, you definitely can! There's been a bunch of research over the past 10-15 years about L3 transfer - so transfer from your second or other non-native language to another language that you learn. It's definitely a thing, and it's on our topic list to talk about it more! If you're up for reading some more technical papers about it, there's a book edited by Ingrid Leung that came out a few years ago that's a good look at the topic. ^_^
The Ling Space
Sadly I have no education in liguistics so I'd probably not undestand much of it anyway. But that you or your suggestion.
You know how you talked about how kids don't get two native languages mixed up when they are raised bilingual? That must be different from learning an L2 or L3, right? I'm thinking of myself, where I learned French in high school and Spanish later on. When I am speaking Spanish, a French word will pop out now and again. Sometimes I'm not even sure if the word is French or Spanish when I say it. And then when I have been somewhere where another language was being spoken, I find myself wanting to answer in Spanish or French, rather than English, my native language. Is this still transfer, or are languages we learn when we are older all stored in one brain-bucket, whereas languages we learn as kids are stored in separate brain-buckets (as it were)? Thanks, as always!
Hi @The Ling Space ! Pretty good video, but as spanish speaker I have to say that in spanish we almost never use the [ɛ] sound (usually written "é" like in "café") or the [e] like as in the french préféré. I think that we would say [e̞] instead the most part of the time. If you are curious about how we pronounce [e̞] just hear a spanish person pronounce España.
Hello! Your Channel is great, thank you for all you teach us :-) it seems that a language doesn't only have difference in grammar, phonemes etc. but also in pitch! Is this true? Is there a scientific base on this? Could you make a video about it?! :-) for example Italians and Greeks seem to speak lower and more "in the back" sounds than Anglo-Saxons especially British. English sounds usually very "in front" and lighter sound. Russians also have darker more squeezed sounds. While Asians would sound like high strange sounds..for me at least as a European. Is there an explanation on the pitch side of language ? does this have to do with formants ? Or maybe it is a wrong perception I have... Thanks!
Amazing video! You really helped me a lot. Thank you so much!
Thanks for letting us know! Glad to be able to help. ^_^
Hi Moti! Your videos have helped me get through Grad school..haha! However, what would Pienemann and his Processability Theory colleagues have to say about L1 transfer for L2 acq.?
Great video! Very informative and easy to understand.
You are so awesome and necesary for my Masters ...
Glad to be able to help! ^_^
now I know why I'm asked if I want esprite when I go to McD's in Arizona.
There also isn't an /ae/ sound in either French or german. They'd say /av/ and /hef/
brooo you saved my presentation thank you sm
phonetic is the most important part by learning a language. and is also the most difficult, it is cause most of us give up to get a native accent and we have to put extra effort into it.
I know that this is a long shot, but the dialectal difference in how Quebec and European French in the pronunciation of interdental fricatives interests me. Any direction for sources that attempt to explain this? I tried looking on the internet but found very few sources about why this happens.
I really like your videos. I'm an Spanish speaker learning English so your videos are helping me a lot...do you something about error analysis according to pit corder?
+maca severla Really glad to be able to help! We haven't done anything like that yet, but we'll probably get to do more stuff around experimental linguistics in the future. Thanks for the suggestion! ^_^
Thank you for the video. Do you know how many types of transfer are possible across languages?
Realizing that I couldn't escape the curse of transfer I subconsciously kind of developed a system to approach expressions in foreign languages, not knowing any better I'd assume it'd work the same ways as in the closest language I already know well and then let that be validated or falsified and then I'd save the whole experience either as a success or a failure or a partial success (e.g. English to have something to do with -> Dutch te doen hebben met - which is wrong because it's actually te maken hebben met, but using English as a reference got me further than Portuguese ter a que ver com, literally having something to see with)
Can you have 2 L1's I learned Spanish was my home language and English was my school language I don't think I transferred anything from either languages.
nazario lechuga You can definitely have two L1s! We talked about this in our episode on bilingualism, #6. If you get exposure to both languages at a young enough age, then you really do pick both of them up, and not have any significant differences from native speakers. So that's definitely possible, yeah. ^_^
Same here!!
Thank you for the information!
What about when your second language transfer back to your first one?^^ I have that with my English influencing my French (mother tongue).
can u plz tell us how the first language affects the second language with examples? fan from Egypt
Hi:)) how does UG influence learning the L2 or what is the relationship between them ? Sorry because my question is unrelated but I need an answer
This is fascinating!
Excellent¡¡ really helpful. I'd like to know about theories of SLA acquisition, could you make a video related to that topic ?
+Telman Ocampo Ramirez Thanks! We have another video coming up in the next bunch on parameter resetting in L2 acquisition. And we should do one about UG access in L2, and about the Fundamental Difference Hypothesis. I do really want to get back to L2 topics - it's my favourite part of linguistics, personally. Are there any particular theories you're interested in hearing about? I can't promise we'll cover any particular topic, but we like knowing what people are interested in. ^_^
+The Ling Space I heard in my class of acquisition about five hypothesis that called my attention, in which Stephen Krashen shows five hypothesis in SLA and also I heard some critics people made against his thinking.So I would like to wide this interesting information and hear your personal opinion about those five hypothesis... Again thanks for sharing us this outstanding channel, I expect you success with it!!!
+Telman Ocampo Ramirez Sure, we can talk about this. I've stuck it onto our topic list. I think we've probably already talked about it to an extent, in that we're discussing the Full Transfer part of the Full Transfer Full Access Hypothesis in this episode, but there's definitely a lot more to unpack. We should have one on parameter resetting coming up in a few weeks, too. ^_^
I have a question about this. English is my L2 and French is my L3. I'm a 1000x better at understanding English than understanding French (which is at (upper?) intermediate level I think). I watch waaay more English stuff than French stuff. Still, despite all my efforts, I still sound a little Dutch when I speak English, whereas that doesn't happen with French. The French people who I've spoken to say I sound like a was born and raised a Frenchman (wow very subtle bragging haha)
Is Dutch phonology more similar? No, right? Is there something else at play?
*more similar to French's?
Awesome video
My L1, L2, and L3 are my native languages. Does that mean I transfer everything from every language to L4?
If they are native they'd all be considered L1s.
Brian Conn oh ok
I've been observing in several of these videos that phonemes like /v/ are represented as letters when actually they are phonetic symbols. This is, at times, misleading I think. I recommend you call the phoneme /v/ another name than the letter, e.g. [və]. That way there can be no misunderstanding like in this video: German has plenty of words that end in v's, just none that end in və's.
+InsertTruthHere Yeah, this is actually something that we've tried to do across our videos, albeit imperfectly. When we've been talking about phones, I usually try to just make the sound - so if we're talking about [v], I should say [v] or [və], but if we're talking about a phoneme, then I should say "v" [vi:]. That's been our internal rule, but I screwed it up in this case, and I didn't catch it, so yeah. My bad. =/
Yes there is transfer/ cross linguistic influence but we should be cautious its ability to explain errors in the development of the interlanguage. Rod Ellis put it around 23 to 36% percent.
Really clear expalantion, Thx.
Transfer does not affect Syntax, only Phonetics. There is so much more modern research disproving your basic notion in this video.
Heidi Dualy and Marina Burt disproved this with the study of morphological paradigms in the 1970's. Only 3% of errors could be viewed as transfer form L1. That said if your L1 have a similar structure to your L2 learning that new structure tends to be easier, but the research is pretty conclusive in that the overwhelming majority of L2 learners make the same initial mistakes, even if L1 nad L2 have the EXACT same structures, such as in Swedish and German conerning negating adverb placement for example.
there is more than just Phonetics, though. Studies beyond the 70's have found plenty of lexical errors due to transfer/CLI. This is a calque by definition.
3:14 But this is just simply not true, right? Not every mistake in language acquisition/learning is due to transfer? In fact, it could be even argued that *most* non-target like productions are not due to transfer, they may be natural acquisitional order mistakes.
This video is too recent to be speaking without acknowledging more of the literature in the past 3 decades.
I suppose so.
@@cesarjavierfeliciocortez4361 Certainly. WE've known transfer isn't everything for decades now.
Quite agree. We've come a long way from the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis, where the L1 was the source of all errors. We have found that many errors are not predicted by the speaker's L1.
@@flashylite Yes. Absolutely. And since my comment 3 years ago even more literature has come out reinforcing this!
very interesting. in Russian, we have a word, "kalikii". thia is the word for when you mess up the syntax in Russian with that of another language. for me that'd be English.
Sonya Karpelevitch That's quite fascinating. I guess Russians have an intrinsic interest for linguistics lol Thanks for sharing that!
I love the obvious HIMYM references ❤❤❤❤😂
it is the definition of interlanguage, right?
While true, what's more interesting (because it's counter-intuitive) is errors that do not stem from L1 transfer, such as why Japanese say "my work".
Yeh, I was a little taken a back by this not being a part of the video. Its a pretty important gorilla in the room and one of the bigger findings from SLA over the past 50 years or so.
this is perfect
Fabulous
Hahahha once I saw the shirt couldn't stop laughing , cool himym!!
Is that a Robin Sparkles shirt?
good stuff
Mistake! You transfer from phonology to even pragmatics. You can transfer even refusal utterances from your language to the target language and other speech acts
Did he say two years old?? :O... I think the critical period ends at 12 years. :)
+Jemieah Rivers It's true that we can acquire language well beyond 2 years old, and become pretty much native-like! But transfer starts happening as soon as we start mastering our first language, and we know a whole lot by 2 years old, so there's a lot to transfer over. We find transfer effects in kids starting from really young! We actually already made another video talking about that, if you're curious: ruclips.net/video/MgTEpTJiREA/видео.html
+The Ling Space Thanks I got what you mean you are speaking about why Bilingual children seem to know less language than Monolingual children this is because of the acquisition of both grammars and the transfers.... However I was just speaking about the critical period and brain plasticity the fact that younger children are able to fluently acquire a second language with ease as oppose to the adult learner.
Great information! Thank you!
Glad to be able to help! ^_^
Were you raised bilingual?
Pop2323pop I wasn't raised as a simultaneous bilingual, but I did start attending school where half the day was done in Hebrew from around age 5 onwards through the end of high school, so I did used to be quite proficient in Hebrew. Now, though, my Hebrew's pretty dormant, and my Japanese is much more dominant as a second language. But I know it's still kicking around in my brain; if I watch a movie in Hebrew, I'll understand more of the dialogue by the end than I do at the beginning. Hope this answers your question. ^_^
I need that shirt
Budgiekens Thanks! We don't have anything to do with the people who made the shirt, but if you really want it, you can get it here: glarkware.com/adult/sparkles-mall-tour-1993
there is a difference between transfer and interference, if you would speak about it iwould be greatful.
Interference is basically negative transfer; it's when transfer gets in the way of learning the L2.
Transfer can be a good thing. For example, when we learn that "silla" in Spanish is the equivalent of "table" in English, that's positive transfer, or when we learn that "yo" corresponds to "I" and "mi" corresponds to "me" or "my", that's positive transfer (in other words, not interference).
+Brian Conn
yeah, thank you.
Brian Conn silla does not mean table. It means chair. Mesa is table.
Transfer ALL OF THE THINGS!!!! XD
You ought to do something about that echo or get a better microphone.
Pakanahymni I'll try doing some different things with the sound editing for the upcoming ones, then. We'll see how that works. Thanks for the feedback!
OH! Not the dinosaur.
I was watching HIMYM before this video lol
EVERYTHING IS A HIMYM REFERENCE!!!!!
you are like a linguist hank green
this gives me hell with anything that has genders or dental fricatives lol
How i met your mother