7 TYPES OF TOOL STEEL AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Tool steels refer to any steel that is hardened and used in tooling applications.
They are steels used to make tools and dies for cutting, forming, and bending operations.
There are seven main types or grades of tool steels they are:
1. Water hardening tool steel:
Water-hardening tool steel also known as W-grade tool steel, this type contains high carbon steels with high hardness. They are high-carbon steel that requires water quenching which is produced at a low cost.
Some common applications of W-grade tool steel include cutting tools, cutlery, embossing tools, reamers, cold heading dies, lathe tools, etc.
2. Shock-resisting tool steel.
Shock-resisting tool steel also known as S-grade tool steel is developed to have high level impact resistance and they are remarkably strong.
S-grade tool steel is ideal for producing blacksmith chisels, Jackhammer bits, clutch parts, hot & cold shearing blades, grippers, chipper knives, etc.
3. Mold tool steel.
Mold tool steel is also known as P-type tool steel with an excellent mix of toughness, corrosion resistance, hardness, wear and tear resistance.
Mold tool steel is used to manufacture different kinds of mold including cold punching mold, hot forging die, die casting mold, etc. They are also ideal for companies that use the process of extrusion and injection molding to produce.
4. Hot work tool steel.
Hot work tool steel known as H-grade tool steels are tool steels used for working at high temperatures. They are capable of withstanding high abrasion, heat, and pressure conditions for performing processes such as forming, shearing, and punching of metals at high temperatures of 480℃ to 750℃.
Based on the percentage of alloying elements used, there are three main alloying elements in this category: Molybdenum, Tungsten, and chromium, these elements are grouped into three types.
▶ Molybdenum type tool steel
▶ Tungsten type tool steel
▶ Chromium-type tool steel.
Hot work tool steels are utilized in processes such as pressure die casting, extrusion, and drop forging as well as in tube and glass manufacturing.
5. Cold work tool steel.
Cold work tool steel is one of the major types of tool steel. They are high-carbon steels containing smaller amounts of manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, and chromium.
They have good dimensional stability and hardenability.
Cold work tool steels are divided into three categories:
★ Air hardening cold work tool steel (A - grade)
★ Oil hardening cold work tool steel (O - grade)
★ High carbon high chromium cold work tool steel (D - grade)
Cold work tool steels are typically used in the fabrication of larger parts or parts that require minimal distortion when hardened.
6. High-speed tool steel.
High-speed tool steel which is known as HSS or HS grade is commonly used as cutting tool material. High-speed tool steels contain carbon of about 0.6%, 3 - 5% chromium, and 14 - 18% tungsten or molybdenum.
Common applications of high-speed tool steel include power saw blades, drill bits, milling cutters, gear cutters, router bits, etc.
7. Special purpose tool steel.
They are tools created for special purposes. Their special composition and qualities make them suitable for special applications that cannot be accomplished by water-hardened tool steel, they are also water-quenched.
Applications of special-purpose tool steel include bearings, forging dies, die-casting, file cutting, paper cutter, die bending, blanking, coining, clutch plates, wrenches, etc.
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[@JulianeRibeirodaCruzAlves]

Awesome! Thanks for sharing!

[@baskark72]

Vanadium is missing