I was amazed to see just how fast the "tail" was moving in the last clip... while slowed down 500x! 🤯😱 You do a great job capturing great shots for us; thank you!
Something interesting about viscous fluids -- when the Reynolds number is low enough, reciprocal (reversible) motion doesn't work. If you try to push yourself forwards with your arms, you'll just pull yourself back when you bring them back up. So microbes have to come up with time-chiral ways of motion, usually ones that involve spirals or alternating patterns and such.
in the case of spiraling bacteria, since the viscosity is so dominant, could their motion be considered more similar to a screw pulling itself into wood than to propulsion?
Wow, I'm a Mechanical Engineer with 11 years experience, took thermofluids, heat transfer, and fluid dynamics - THIS IS THE BEST EXPLANATION OF REYNOLDS' NUMBERS THAT I'VE EVER HEARD!
i keep reading comments like this on 10-30 minute videos of all kinds of different topics "i studied this for 10 years and this video sums it up better than i learned in 3 years of studying" and other versions of this comment ..... .... seriously makes me wonder how much academic studies actually is worth ....
@@thekito4623 l'm not quite sure mechanical engineering would be generally classified as 'academic'. It's a practical qualification,like electrical engineering (in which my father is qualified and which he always said was a longer,more complex field of study than mechanical) They both compare more to architecture, or training as a doctor or dentist. Academic qualifications require writing a thesis,research into new areas of study,they are PHD's, or maybe MA's . They are about learning what is already known about a subject,then trying to find out more about it though personal research and experimental work. Basically,expanding what science (or history,archaeology,etc all sciences in their own way)knows. Mechanical engineers do things like supervise the building of roads,tunnel,power stations. So yes,it is worth spending the time and effort studying/qualifying so you can do your job competently and safely. Pays reasonably well too,and most companies give a decent pension 😁
@@ansemvanverte This is just my layman's guess, but I think what we see in the slide is not indicative of the day-to-day lives of tardigrades. I'm thinking that they usually have more stuff to hold onto.
@@ayushupadhyay801 In our scale, in order to speed up chemical reactions we use catalysts. Thing is, that even now, we're not absolutely sure how they work, we just make up some crap about activation energy. Life uses enzymes that are so specific that they can cleave and merge molecules pinpoint, that's the point we want to reach with nanotechnology.
This is all very mind blowing, but my question is: as you get smaller and smaller, at what point does the Brownian motion of the fluid begin to dominate the viscosity? I’m wondering specifically about small molecules floating around inside cells... haha and as long as I’m on the train of thought, would also be interesting to peek inside the internal structure of a thermophile
There's a really good educational paper about this, actually! I think it's called Life at Low Reynolds Number or something like that, and they mention how important diffusion is for bacteria.
The way I perceive it, is that the smaller you get, to a point of being on a scale where atoms, both positive and negative attract other atoms to each or repel each other which in turn, has an effect on the environment. In that environment, it would have to be like wading through stirrup because the micrscopic organism would have to be subjected to greater forces of atom attraction/repulsion. I could be wrong but, that's how I see it, until I can read some proper papers on the subject.
Yes, even from 1976 it's still good. "The viscosities have a big range but they stop at the same place. I don't understand that." I'm guessing that it's that liquids can change smoothly to gasses. Consider a phase diagram of a liquid/gas. The liquid/gas transition line ENDS at a POINT. At that unique P,T,density, there is no longer a difference between liquids and gasses. I have always found that fascinating. If you have any information about this subject, I will eagerly read your reply. Ed
The word Microscosmos hits you very differently when you suddenly realize the absolute minboggling amonts of space the bacteria are working with. It quite literally is another world.. wow
Fluid dynamics is the most difficult, mathematically defined, classical physics subject. From the prevalence of wind tunnels, it's clear that applications of fluid dynamics is still a very much of a "cut and try" science, just as biology and geology are.
02:15 The Milnesium might be tied with tardigrades! That thing is adorable; why haven't we seen more of them?! We need a whole video just to learn about these little ones!! 😍🤩🤏
Realizing how big protist cells are when you see that one trying to eat a tardigrade which, if I recall correctly, are comprised of about 2000 cells and here this single-celled protist is larger than the tardigrade!
this video is so interesting. I was wondering why syrup seemed so fluid when I put it in a large container but then its viscosity went through the roof when I poured it into a spoon. This video helped me realize that the scale matters
Oo! Seeing the slowed down footage made me think, you guys could set up a proper slow motion camera to look at microbes with flagella! It would be really cool to see those tiny little hairs moving in a more perceptible way in really high resolution and framerate.
Dayum I feel so lucky to find this channel today. I have been interested in footages of microscopic world, no doubt that there are plenty of videos about these microscopic organisms uploaded by institutions which show, the footage but hardly explain anything about it. Thanks for sharing this stuff with the world! +1 sub from me
although i don't know how possible it would be, i'd love to see an episode about fairy wasps and how their wings and flight mechanisms have adapted to the micro scale. for those who don't know, fairy wasps can be smaller than some amoebas.
Wow! It’s really difficult to get bacteria to show up clearly in light microscopes! I’m really impressed by the footage of the spirochete toward the end of the video.
This in my opinion would lend itself well to a superhero with the proportional powers of a human-sized microbe. Imagine a guy who looks like an Amoeba just casual walking through a wall or ignoring a moderate ocean current.
Could the viscosity of honey account for some of its antiseptic properties then? If water is thick when you're small, honey must be like tar to microbes.
Fun fact: experiments have shown that humans don't actually swim slower in molasses. Swimmers have been timed swimming through water and high-viscosity liquid, and there was no meaningful difference. It appears that the increased resistance to moving forward is cancelled out by the increased force when you push against it.
I knew from the title that this episode was about fluid dynamics. And it was obvious that smaller creatures experienced greater viscosity. However, I didn't think bigger, as with the whale. And I didn't connect movement with the Reynolds number. And it's clear that the Reynolds number connection is as important as you describe. Also, the connection with microcosmos locomotive organs is very insightful. The differing kinds of locomotive organs is also very great and not predictable to our limited experience as humans. Specifically, the difference of cilia and animal legs is as large as the scale differences. Legs work very well at the interface of a solid, low Reynolds, and the tenuous air with very high Reynolds numbers. As Feynman pointed out, all of that IS in the equations of fluid dynamics, but we have just the smallest glimpse of the solutions of the equations. (I know, Feynman wasn't speaking about specially about fluid dynamics, but rather differential equations in general and physics in particular.) I'm retired, but I can't help but wonder how my life would have been different if mathematics was used so much in other sciences than physics and math when I was young and choosing a career. Thank you for another very insightful program.
I know all about this without even seeing any of the video. I have known for a long time that this is absolutely true --- that when you're as small as an insect like an ant, for example, it throws everything off not only in obvious connection with the relative sizes of objects like safety pins and computer keyboard keys, but it also throws off the whole issue of the viscosity of liquids. There are bugs and insects, including but not limited to mosquitos, that can walk on water because to us water is so liquid and so thin, while to them water is like molasses. By the way, I also know that the microcosmic world is very different in that even smooth objects like ballpoint pen heads are randomly ridged with canyon-like depressions. And water is a ten-thousand-mile lake of sand on which objects like lead balls would float and bob up and down to the movement of sandy waves produced by hundred-mile-high kitchen spoons moved by super-large giants. And these floating lead balls would be so big that they would produce gravity of their own which would attract random clumps of sand to its surface which would then stay there for the whole time tiny flecks of the sand would randomly weep into the air...and now on to the video to see how its information compares to what I already know......
If you could increase the bacterias Reynold number, would they be able to accelerate with each wiggle & go really fast? Not sure why, but i like the concept of bacteria in water that turns super critical (maybe kinda related). I imagine they would all feel gravity for the first time & fall out of the fluid.
I am becoming increasingly interested in cellular biology, organic molecular machinery and structures, abiogenesis (pre-evolutionary, pre-life, inorganic to organic chemical compound synthesis), and the microcosmos of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. It is fascinating that tiny virophages can actually infect viruses many times larger than them, which in turn are minuscule entities that can be harmful to us. It is also paradoxically amazing that a single cell bacterium can be a predation threat to the smaller, yet 1000 cell, tardigrade (water bear). The scale, scales within scales, and diversity of the microcosmos in a droplet of water is not just the only thing that is astounding. What is even more intriguing are the questions of how much of this complexity existed pre-multicellular animals, and how much has co-evolved and become more complex since multicellularity came about.
@@edwardlulofs444 Three years ago I finished community College at 56, having attended for 4 years to get 3 degrees in Accounting, Business, and Computer Science simultaneously. I had studied nothing in Biology at all, although I did do a little chemistry back in my late teens. Now I'm just watching the most vivid videos on this latest stuff, because my mind has become like a craving sponge for everything intriguing. Like that Russian bird in the 'Indiana Jones' movie: "I vant to know, I v a n t to know!"
I was looking for this question. I believe slowing down 100% is stop. 50% is half speed.. slowing down by 500%... I don’t know what this is supposed to mean.
My guess is the intended meaning was slowed down by a factor of five. A literal but certainly unintended interpretation would be going backwards 4 times as fast the normal forward motion. Crayfish walk forward slowly. If they are startled they rapidly fold up their tails in a way that squeezes out a jet of water propelling them backwards very quickly. If we use the convention that their typical walking speed is 100%, and slowing down by 100% is stopping, slowing down 200% would be walking backwards, a crayfish escape maneuver would be slowing down by 2000%.
@@theniha conversion of terms: 20% speed =500% slowed down. =500% time take =[Some say that is 400% more slow or some addition, but this is confusing when not really a quantity] Different thing, he did a percent of an action, a function. Not a percent of a property.
I used to go swimming. And I assure you that after a few pools, you really start to feel that water is actually quite a thick and hard to move in thing
As everyone knows (I thought, but apparently not based on your comment) it infects via the lungs. So good luck with having water in your lungs. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
That bacterium at 7:20 was I think the biggest one we found. They create giants before cell division and mesmerizing to watch!
-James
Thank you! Also, very interesting video! 😊
Hello! I have a question about the Spirochaete at 7:20, is that a chain of daughter Spirochaetes? Thanks a lot for your enlightening videos.
@@someshwari_debi That’s a single individual, not a colony. :)
I was amazed to see just how fast the "tail" was moving in the last clip... while slowed down 500x! 🤯😱
You do a great job capturing great shots for us; thank you!
@@KY_CPA I think it's slowed down to 500% meaning 5x slower.
Something interesting about viscous fluids -- when the Reynolds number is low enough, reciprocal (reversible) motion doesn't work. If you try to push yourself forwards with your arms, you'll just pull yourself back when you bring them back up. So microbes have to come up with time-chiral ways of motion, usually ones that involve spirals or alternating patterns and such.
So butterfly stroke then
@@juniormynos9457 Butterfly still has a recovery...
in the case of spiraling bacteria, since the viscosity is so dominant, could their motion be considered more similar to a screw pulling itself into wood than to propulsion?
@chu Harry That only works along the surface of a fluid
Wow, I'm a Mechanical Engineer with 11 years experience, took thermofluids, heat transfer, and fluid dynamics - THIS IS THE BEST EXPLANATION OF REYNOLDS' NUMBERS THAT I'VE EVER HEARD!
i keep reading comments like this on 10-30 minute videos of all kinds of different topics "i studied this for 10 years and this video sums it up better than i learned in 3 years of studying" and other versions of this comment .....
.... seriously makes me wonder how much academic studies actually is worth ....
@@thekito4623 l'm not quite sure mechanical engineering would be generally classified as 'academic'.
It's a practical qualification,like electrical engineering (in which my father is qualified and which he always said was a longer,more complex field of study than mechanical)
They both compare more to architecture, or training as a doctor or dentist.
Academic qualifications require writing a thesis,research into new areas of study,they are PHD's, or maybe MA's .
They are about learning what is already known about a subject,then trying to find out more about it though personal research and experimental work. Basically,expanding what science (or history,archaeology,etc all sciences in their own way)knows.
Mechanical engineers do things like supervise the building of roads,tunnel,power stations.
So yes,it is worth spending the time and effort studying/qualifying so you can do your job competently and safely.
Pays reasonably well too,and most companies give a decent pension 😁
The viscosity of the water at that scale is also why flippers/fins aren't seen in the microbial world.
Spore lied to me!
i'll show you my fin you'll see, size dont matter.
What abtu filpoer the dolphin genus
@@wongelfski4681 Your comment is a case study in poetic irony.
@@ansemvanverte This is just my layman's guess, but I think what we see in the slide is not indicative of the day-to-day lives of tardigrades. I'm thinking that they usually have more stuff to hold onto.
I am become syrup, topological features of worlds
You win the day
Because your heart in your land resembles sweet like syrup?
Fluid mechanics is cool as long as you don't actually do any math.
So true
Then it becomes cooler (but your head explodes).
You will oneday realize you need maths.
It's cool with the math.
Maths is cool as long as you don't do any fluid mechanics.
Microfluidics is a really interesting field. You can get outrageous yield in microrreactors, but the mechanics of micro pipes are something else.
Are those outrageous yields at small scales how life is able to do anything? Most biological reactors seem pretty small to me.
@@abramthiessen8749 Life pretty much cheats having access to enzymes.
Ah yes when Reynold's number is
@@Kastor774 life cheats getting access to enzymes. That sounds really cool to me. Can you explain further please ?
@@ayushupadhyay801 In our scale, in order to speed up chemical reactions we use catalysts. Thing is, that even now, we're not absolutely sure how they work, we just make up some crap about activation energy.
Life uses enzymes that are so specific that they can cleave and merge molecules pinpoint, that's the point we want to reach with nanotechnology.
*It's not easy swimming smol, just trying to get around is an entire workout!*
There there
I love you
5:29 -
Bizarre things we see in the microscope world: A single-celled organism trying to eat a multi-celled organism!
That tartigrade said "b#%÷× I don't think so!!"
eukaryote trying to eat another eukaryote
This is all very mind blowing, but my question is: as you get smaller and smaller, at what point does the Brownian motion of the fluid begin to dominate the viscosity? I’m wondering specifically about small molecules floating around inside cells... haha and as long as I’m on the train of thought, would also be interesting to peek inside the internal structure of a thermophile
There's a really good educational paper about this, actually! I think it's called Life at Low Reynolds Number or something like that, and they mention how important diffusion is for bacteria.
a52Productions reading it now, thanks for the suggestion!
@@a52productions Yes, there is a lot on this subject. This is a very good reference. :-)
The way I perceive it, is that the smaller you get, to a point of being on a scale where atoms, both positive and negative attract other atoms to each or repel each other which in turn, has an effect on the environment. In that environment, it would have to be like wading through stirrup because the micrscopic organism would have to be subjected to greater forces of atom attraction/repulsion.
I could be wrong but, that's how I see it, until I can read some proper papers on the subject.
This is one of my favourite science concepts. Purcell's paper 'Life at low reynolds number' is absolutely amazing
Yes, even from 1976 it's still good. "The viscosities have a big range but they stop at the same place. I don't understand that." I'm guessing that it's that liquids can change smoothly to gasses. Consider a phase diagram of a liquid/gas. The liquid/gas transition line ENDS at a POINT. At that unique P,T,density, there is no longer a difference between liquids and gasses. I have always found that fascinating. If you have any information about this subject, I will eagerly read your reply. Ed
The word Microscosmos hits you very differently when you suddenly realize the absolute minboggling amonts of space the bacteria are working with. It quite literally is another world.. wow
As an aerospace engineer, this is probably my favourite episode so far. I hope you make more videos about microcosmos propulsion!
I was binge watching this channel and now a new video appears. Service 100%
Oh, that smooth, buttery 4k60fps... thank you so much!
I don’t know why I like this series. It’s just so relaxing to look at.
And listen to!
@@PeterVJaspersFayer Yes. With Hank's ASMR voice!
“Sometimes the syrup is water, and sometimes the syrup is you” ~Hank Green
Hank stop it's maple syrup just shut up and eat your pancakes! 🤦♂️🤣
We're 70% syrup.
I just made the same comment hahaha
And daddy's thirsty
Char
All this DIC footage is incredible!!!
Lol no channel is safe from these jokes
Nobody:... Me: “DIC???!?????”
4:25: I just love the way that broad-tailed blue-colored snake thing moves.
2:07 aww he's trotting :D
It’s so cute !!
"Fluid dynamics ahead"
Students: *COLLEGE PTSD FLASHBACK.*
Uhhhh ok ok what is B-Bernouli again??
Fluid dynamics is the most difficult, mathematically defined, classical physics subject. From the prevalence of wind tunnels, it's clear that applications of fluid dynamics is still a very much of a "cut and try" science, just as biology and geology are.
Post traumatic *D O W N S Y N D R O M E*
College...lucky ...in uganda we do fluid mechanics in HIGHSCHOOL...FUCKING HIGHCCHOOLL
This was a particularly well explained episode.
Currently fighting Lyme disease so these spirochete images were especially interesting to me ! Thanks !
5:30 "Single-celled organism tries to eat a tardigrade"
Are you kidding me? You tried to eat to the John Wick of the cell world!?!?!?!
4:56 Heteronema looks a lot like lacrymaria to me. Guess you gotta do a Heteronema video!
1:37 - it looks like flying eggs
02:15 The Milnesium might be tied with tardigrades! That thing is adorable; why haven't we seen more of them?!
We need a whole video just to learn about these little ones!! 😍🤩🤏
That Arthrospira around 06:30 is mesmerising. Right-hand thread, I guess they all are probably. Even the Australians.
I wish this channel would dig much deeper into the science
6:25 Was on the edge of my seat waiting for that thing to topple over
I love it that Microcosmos is becoming more frequent in its posts!
Narration worthy of a major award on its own 🙂
And that's why doing miniatures in movies involving water is so hard... water doesn't scale.
Same problem doing scale RC aircraft - you always have to enlarge the tail to get it to fly
@PMP I know you mean the movie, but the song always springs to mind first
I love what you said "but for microbes it is just home"
Came here from the scishow ep about big cells, and I'm so excited about this channel! Huang and Green are a good team. :)
Realizing how big protist cells are when you see that one trying to eat a tardigrade which, if I recall correctly, are comprised of about 2000 cells and here this single-celled protist is larger than the tardigrade!
Kind of like the reciprocal of the speed of light. Thanks for the video!
7:57 little elefant spirochete
this video is so interesting. I was wondering why syrup seemed so fluid when I put it in a large container but then its viscosity went through the roof when I poured it into a spoon. This video helped me realize that the scale matters
It may also be thixotropic.
Like ketchup or emulsion ceiling paint, the more you agitate it, the more liquid it becomes.
Oo! Seeing the slowed down footage made me think, you guys could set up a proper slow motion camera to look at microbes with flagella! It would be really cool to see those tiny little hairs moving in a more perceptible way in really high resolution and framerate.
Dayum I feel so lucky to find this channel today.
I have been interested in footages of microscopic world, no doubt that there are plenty of videos about these microscopic organisms uploaded by institutions which show, the footage but hardly explain anything about it.
Thanks for sharing this stuff with the world!
+1 sub from me
although i don't know how possible it would be, i'd love to see an episode about fairy wasps and how their wings and flight mechanisms have adapted to the micro scale. for those who don't know, fairy wasps can be smaller than some amoebas.
Wow! It’s really difficult to get bacteria to show up clearly in light microscopes! I’m really impressed by the footage of the spirochete toward the end of the video.
Glad to know I'm Home.
Reynold's Number....I have just learned something!!! Never too old!.......
Especially excellent photography this episode---- absolutely mesmerizing...
the most soothing voice on youtube.
Imagining syphilis as a tiny corkscrew worming its way through my blood somehow made the concept of syphilis worse.
Wow! If only my high school science teacher had made it this interesting. Amazing. Thank you
Such an underrated channel. Thank you for this amazing content
"Sometimes the syrup is water, and sometimes it's you!" 😆
the milnesium crawling upwards is so bloody cute
Perhaps the flagella are so thin and tiny, they more easily pass through water, literally passing in-between water molecules.
Then they wouldnt generate thrust. Also they cant be that small. For nanoscale motors check out kinesins and dyenins.
1:44
Hank [Intellectual monologue]
Me: "Hurr hurr, fried eggs go whizz"
Excellent presentation and great voice
This in my opinion would lend itself well to a superhero with the proportional powers of a human-sized microbe.
Imagine a guy who looks like an Amoeba just casual walking through a wall or ignoring a moderate ocean current.
Had not watched the video yet, but wanted to say thank you for being awesome and keep up the fantastic work
i can't believe liquid dynamics uses the dennis system
Can you make a video to show how microcosmos reacts to temperature, light, pressure, chemicals and synthetic materials please?
Love One Another God Bless Everyone
"If a man does not have sauce, then he is lost. But the same man can get lost in the sauce."- Gucci Mane
Words to live by
Could the viscosity of honey account for some of its antiseptic properties then? If water is thick when you're small, honey must be like tar to microbes.
Love the content, it would be great to see some creatures from sea water, there is whole other world out there :)
Good idea!
Yeah thumbs up!!!
Yeah definitely 🤘🏻
The RYAN reynolds number.
... _fixed that for you_ 😃
The arthrospira at 6:10? Amazing
Thank you james
Fun fact: experiments have shown that humans don't actually swim slower in molasses. Swimmers have been timed swimming through water and high-viscosity liquid, and there was no meaningful difference. It appears that the increased resistance to moving forward is cancelled out by the increased force when you push against it.
When i saw the milnesium a 2:00 I audibly gasped. I LOVE TARDIGRADES!
Can we get a video on spiral organisms? The Arthrospira looked dope af
I knew from the title that this episode was about fluid dynamics. And it was obvious that smaller creatures experienced greater viscosity. However, I didn't think bigger, as with the whale. And I didn't connect movement with the Reynolds number. And it's clear that the Reynolds number connection is as important as you describe. Also, the connection with microcosmos locomotive organs is very insightful. The differing kinds of locomotive organs is also very great and not predictable to our limited experience as humans. Specifically, the difference of cilia and animal legs is as large as the scale differences. Legs work very well at the interface of a solid, low Reynolds, and the tenuous air with very high Reynolds numbers. As Feynman pointed out, all of that IS in the equations of fluid dynamics, but we have just the smallest glimpse of the solutions of the equations. (I know, Feynman wasn't speaking about specially about fluid dynamics, but rather differential equations in general and physics in particular.) I'm retired, but I can't help but wonder how my life would have been different if mathematics was used so much in other sciences than physics and math when I was young and choosing a career. Thank you for another very insightful program.
I know all about this without even seeing any of the video. I have known for a long time that this is absolutely true --- that when you're as small as an insect like an ant, for example, it throws everything off not only in obvious connection with the relative sizes of objects like safety pins and computer keyboard keys, but it also throws off the whole issue of the viscosity of liquids. There are bugs and insects, including but not limited to mosquitos, that can walk on water because to us water is so liquid and so thin, while to them water is like molasses. By the way, I also know that the microcosmic world is very different in that even smooth objects like ballpoint pen heads are randomly ridged with canyon-like depressions. And water is a ten-thousand-mile lake of sand on which objects like lead balls would float and bob up and down to the movement of sandy waves produced by hundred-mile-high kitchen spoons moved by super-large giants. And these floating lead balls would be so big that they would produce gravity of their own which would attract random clumps of sand to its surface which would then stay there for the whole time tiny flecks of the sand would randomly weep into the air...and now on to the video to see how its information compares to what I already know......
Could you guys plz do a video on a range of recommended microscopes to buy for those of us that really want something good for home use.🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
Hell I'll even just take a list of recommendations in a reply
If you could increase the bacterias Reynold number, would they be able to accelerate with each wiggle & go really fast?
Not sure why, but i like the concept of bacteria in water that turns super critical (maybe kinda related). I imagine they would all feel gravity for the first time & fall out of the fluid.
Warning: Fluid dynamics ahead.
I felt that.
Speaking of bodies, would you ever do a vid on things like blood cells, or would that be a difficult thing to set up?
it’s goodyou’re the brother with the cool youtube channel & not the one that got bullied off tumblr
Spirochete has figured out how to harness the spiral force
@2:15 so cute watching it walk upside down to the macroscope.
this makes me miss so much my freshmen year in college, checking local water bodies' samples on the microscope
What about a video on ageing and lifespan duration?
This is the most interesting stuff I've seen for a while.
Is moving 30 picometers a second really "fast"? Or are they actually moving slowly and the zoom factor to a full screen is what makes it seem fast?
Do you mean micrometers? Because picometers are absurdly small, like smaller than atoms.
I thought so too, but relative to their size it's actually quite fast
@@67tedward oops yes haha
your microscope is legendary, I've never seen such views.
what microscope do you use?
i want plants that grow in perfect spirals like that. my blue twisted arrow juncus ain't got nothing on that.
I am becoming increasingly interested in cellular biology, organic molecular machinery and structures, abiogenesis (pre-evolutionary, pre-life, inorganic to organic chemical compound synthesis), and the microcosmos of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
It is fascinating that tiny virophages can actually infect viruses many times larger than them, which in turn are minuscule entities that can be harmful to us. It is also paradoxically amazing that a single cell bacterium can be a predation threat to the smaller, yet 1000 cell, tardigrade (water bear).
The scale, scales within scales, and diversity of the microcosmos in a droplet of water is not just the only thing that is astounding. What is even more intriguing are the questions of how much of this complexity existed pre-multicellular animals, and how much has co-evolved and become more complex since multicellularity came about.
Yes, fascinating, isn't it? But I doubt that I could ever master organic chemistry.
@@edwardlulofs444 Three years ago I finished community College at 56, having attended for 4 years to get 3 degrees in Accounting, Business, and Computer Science simultaneously. I had studied nothing in Biology at all, although I did do a little chemistry back in my late teens.
Now I'm just watching the most vivid videos on this latest stuff, because my mind has become like a craving sponge for everything intriguing.
Like that Russian bird in the
'Indiana Jones' movie:
"I vant to know,
I v a n t to know!"
Those little dudes sure are fast! Pretty cool!
How do you follow on such small scales, like you are able to view the live feed and change the position accordingly?
What are these beautiful dots in the Worm at 4:11? And how come they are so colorful? :D
rotifers be like [kirby inhaling sound]
spirochetes are enchanting.
Journey to the Microcosmos
-awesome
Very interesting information on biology of life.
Slowed down 500%? Wouldn't slowing something by 100% make it... stop? Do they maybe mean slowed down by 80%?
I was looking for this question. I believe slowing down 100% is stop. 50% is half speed.. slowing down by 500%... I don’t know what this is supposed to mean.
@@theniha Maybe it's negative speed, which will lead us to discover negative energy required to build warp drive! [I wish...]
Just commenting to see the answer
My guess is the intended meaning was slowed down by a factor of five.
A literal but certainly unintended interpretation would be going backwards 4 times as fast the normal forward motion.
Crayfish walk forward slowly. If they are startled they rapidly fold up their tails in a way that squeezes out a jet of water propelling them backwards very quickly. If we use the convention that their typical walking speed is 100%, and slowing down by 100% is stopping, slowing down 200% would be walking backwards, a crayfish escape maneuver would be slowing down by 2000%.
@@theniha conversion of terms:
20% speed
=500% slowed down.
=500% time take
=[Some say that is 400% more slow or some addition, but this is confusing when not really a quantity]
Different thing, he did a percent of an action, a function. Not a percent of a property.
sir... we need information of Nitrification bacteria activity...
please... 🙏🙏🙏
I used to go swimming. And I assure you that after a few pools, you really start to feel that water is actually quite a thick and hard to move in thing
2:00 *he strollin*
Thanks for the episode~
What's the microscope or tool used to get these clear footages? I can literally spend a day just observing.
6:59 the photobombing ciliate tho
*Got it- I'll just bathe myself in water and become resistant to coronavirus :)*
To be fair, I bet the virus can't pass on through water 🤷♂️ you might be on to something there
As everyone knows (I thought, but apparently not based on your comment) it infects via the lungs. So good luck with having water in your lungs. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
Sounds like fun💙