They're already excellent professors, someone who professes their love of something, this is the core of teaching and exactly what is missing from the field.
It shows you that any destruction you fear may actually trigger the best Earth ever. We'd not have the Amazon or humans without the mass destruction and climate change that it created.
It’s actually crazy when you think about the impact that a single sauropod would have on an ecosystem, even a medium sized one (around 15 meters and 12 tons in weight). More research should be done in that area
Not crazy at all, especially when we look at the modern world in which exactly ONE species has tremendous impact on NEARLY ALL of the world's biosphere, let alone an ecosystem.
There's one more factor to the rise of angiosperms after the K-PG Extinction that was basically overlooked despite appearing prominently in the stock images: the simultaneous rise of mammals. Most gymnosperms are comparatively larger bodied than angiosperms on average and are much more ancient in their history, so were more evolutionarily intertwined with reptiles and dinosaurs for the dispersal of their seeds or spread their seeds without the help of any animals. Angiosperms were smaller and lower growing in the Mesozoic so would have been mostly overlooked or completely destroyed if their seeds passed through the gut of a herbivorous dinosaur. Dispersal by mammals and birds was much more ideal for angiosperms since their smaller size enabled them to interact and eat their seeds without destroying them, and when the extinction happened their coevolution continued and grew in both diversity and physical size, while gymnosperms basically lost all of their primary dispersers. That's the main reason why the mast majority of living gymnosperms pollinate and seed disperse without animal assistance, and simply relying on wind and fire is much less efficient for rapid species dispersal than a conscious forager that is actively looking for your seeds like the angiosperms still had. Angiosperms, much like the mammals and birds, were just the right size to maintain their life cycle integrity through the extinction and rebounded quickly because of that, but the gymnosperms lost fundamental keys to their former diversity maintenance and have been underfoot to angiosperms ever since because of that.
Is there evidence for what you're saying, or is it just your hypothesis? Because without evidence either, I could just say that there's no force in evolution that forced gymnosperm to stay "ancient". They didn't evolve more slowly than angiosperms, and not all species were necessarily bigger. We also know that insect pollinators existed before the first flowering plants (PBS Eons made a video about that recently). Be careful to not become in love with an idea that sounds good. PBS Eons' content isn't about pure theory, it is all derived from paleontological evidence.
"so would have been mostly overlooked or completely destroyed if their seeds passed through the gut of a herbivorous dinosaur" Citation needed. There are plenty of seeds today that are designed to pass through the gut of megaherbivores like elephants- e.g. avocados, durians, etc. The rest of your comment is pretty speculative too. "gymnosperms basically lost all of their primary dispersers. That's the main reason why the mast majority of living gymnosperms pollinate and seed disperse without animal assistance" umm nah
...also, the fires in the aftermath of the impact would have burned down much of the existing forest, giving the faster-growing angiosperms an edge when the forests regrew.
I got unsubscribed from PBS Eons for some reason. I normally wouldn't care that much but this is the ONLY channel where I watch EVERY video soon as it goes live. Love this channel and everything you guys do on it.
And now the Amazon is home to giant 18 ft caimans and crocodiles, 20 ft snakes, 13 ft fish, all kinds of flying dinosaurs, and He who kills with one bite to the skull.
don't forget the otters that can take out the crocs... And the super-ants that became invasive in the U.S. and have been slowly taking over the country and are resistant to extermination methods.
I cannot imagine giving a thumbs down on any of these videos. They are all extremely well done and very educational to say the least. I wish these were available when I was a child but I'm grateful they're going to be available for kids!!!! Thank you so much
I wanted to let you know that this is the only channel I'm subscribed to with a rotating group of presenters where I actually like all of the presenters a lot.
@@LimeyLassen same with North America. In fact wherever you live now has most likely been shaped by human-caused megafauna extinctions and increased fire regimes.
I love how simply you explained the canopy effect. In my classes we spent like a full week on it. I guess granted it was an isotope class but still it was really confusing at first.
When I lived on Guam I became intrigued by the number of tropical trees that were of the legume family from the mequite-like tangan tangan to the majestic poinsiana, and the giant (sweat pea) known as the orchid tree.
I love Eons plant episodes! I'm still waiting for the previous chapter of this plant story, the rise of gymnosperms (including conifers, cycads and ginkgos) has not been yet covered.
I wonder if many of the non flowering plants when the forests were more open relied on wind for dispersing their spores. Having a denser forest with less wind may have also have pushed the need for flowers to attract insects if that was the case
I've always wondered: approximately how long did it take after the Chixulub impact for the last non-avian dinosaurs to die? A year? A decade? A century?
Look into the timing between the impact and the Decan Traps. Some believe the impact started the decline but later events like the Decan Traps gave a finishing blow.
Oof, my condolences to you and your dog, that sounds unpleasant! My pupper rarely does her business on walks, she prefers the backyard, which i guess makes those the equivalent of a landmine 😆
That "Shady" pun did not "veil" or "overshadowed" how great the your program was! Keep them coming! I just hope that people who see it will understand how fragile the Amazon really is and "plant" the "seeds" that will change the future for the better. Thank you, Eon!!!👍👍👍😊
I love this channel so much. It really completely reinvigorated my forgotten passion of paleontology. I was reading on the extinction events and noticed on the Wikipedia of the K-Pg extinction event that it is hypothesized that the Deccan traps, which are literal antepodes of the Chicxulub crater, are caused by the impact of this enormous meteorite. I am really curious about the development over the centuries after this meteorite has impacted, and what would've (and how) perished first. It is so extremely fascinating that a meteorite struck the earth so hard it caused the other side of the planet to bulge and pour vast amounts of lava so vast it is over 2 km thick! Though it is still a hypothesis. Also the older you get joke was hilarious
Your channel should do a episode on the south west of Western Australia, amazing bio diversity in soils that are very poor in nutrients. It's a very fascinating place
The Amazon is saying goodbye and it's not a meteor disaster but a disaster of human hands, when I traveled to the interior of Brazil I was shocked with such destruction in the name of agribusiness, they are bringing everything down.
Agreed. People dont seem to realize they could make more money from what the Amazon provides naturally rather than what they think they can create in its place
They aren't bringing everything down. The Amazon is actually big enough that even at the highest rate of destruction of it, it would take several centuries to destroy it all. Also, I don't know of any destruction outside of Brazil. And there is a vast amount of Amazon outside of Brazil.
I think its so fascinating that the Dinos were essentially tending to their own garden in the amazon. Their actions directly impacting what could and couldn’t grow, how the landscape looked and even what chemicals were in the environment. It makes me think of human histories of land stewardship, and how some of our ancestors tended to their environments in natural ways that ensured beneficial balance to their ecosystems! Or maybe its nothing like that, idk!!
Another fascinating episode! I’d love to see more videos on some of the truly odd creatures of the Triassic, especially vertebrates. And some videos featuring early humans, including exploring the possible link between Homo Heidelbergensis and Homo Neanderthalensis.
I’m fascinated by the K-PG extinction event, what happened during those, minutes, hours, days? Then what right after? Like what happened to all the bodies of the dinosaurs after the last one finally died? Were there just endless fields of giant bones scattered everywhere, or just a few here and there? Did the bones just lie there until they crumbled into dust? My mind can’t comprehend it all..lol
Agreed tbh, Eons and Space Time are oddly... like... uplifting tbh They show you there's so much to discover, and, while we will never know even half of it all... there's still the possibility of a brighter future Except for when ST talks about iron-56 stars or the heat death, those are pretty depressing :p
It is amazing you are showing us the science behind the history and revelations - I think it will help make everyone appreciate the detail and objectivity of scientific research in general, over many other topics too, cutting out misinformation!
This channel is the only thing that keeps me from despairing over our current climate change/ mass extinction, because it reminds me, that life will always bounce back - even from the greatest tragedies.
1000 years from now historians will say of the modern age: They worshipped the Amazonian Goddess Je'bezos who was believed to have arrived on an ancient meteor.
Great video, I did hear another theory which argued that most of the current plant species in the Amazon has been naturally selected by humans over thousands of years. I wonder if true how much impact humans had not in destroying the Amazon as we do today. But lived with it, and designed it for their own harmonious existence with nature?
oversimplification, but I feel like you can see this in any forest fire or clearcut in a coniferous forest. The first trees to regrow are always the leafy angiosperms, but in the Amazon they were able to take over.
This is the second instance I've heard of of Megafauna having a critical climate impact. The other is mammoth steppes. There's a compare and contrast episode in there, I think
I've never seen a more perfect hybrid of blazer and lab coat. I want one....
He probably bought it on Amazon
Needs an iron or some kind of a steamer. Way too many wrinkles.
@@otterssilver7299 I kinda dig the rumpled aesthetic haha
@@thymewizard a few wrinkles are good 😉
Looks like linen
More recently, Amazon has caused a mass extinction of retail stores
Not to mention workers rights.
Ha burn
Lol good one
Survival of the fittest.
@@DanCooper404 Survival of the most ruthless.
Long ago the plants lived together in harmony. Then everything changed when the asteroid attacked
Only the dinosaurs, master of eating all plants could stop it. But when the world needed them most, they vanished.
@@pierrebegley2746 But I believe avian dinosaurs can save the world.
I’m so proud
Some extreme fire bending by the asteroid.
This gives me so much joy
I swear. Everyone in PBSeons would make such a good teacher
They're already excellent professors, someone who professes their love of something, this is the core of teaching and exactly what is missing from the field.
Yes! This is another huge reason why once the Amazon is gone, it’s gone. We just can’t recreate all the primary growth conditions.
It shows you that any destruction you fear may actually trigger the best Earth ever. We'd not have the Amazon or humans without the mass destruction and climate change that it created.
We have many satellites, we could drop them all at once
#FORABOLSONARO
Humanity will be gone as well.
@@mrjoe332 Beyond the fact that destroying all those satellites would be shooting ourselves in the foot, none of them are anywhere near big enough.
It’s actually crazy when you think about the impact that a single sauropod would have on an ecosystem, even a medium sized one (around 15 meters and 12 tons in weight). More research should be done in that area
Not crazy at all, especially when we look at the modern world in which exactly ONE species has tremendous impact on NEARLY ALL of the world's biosphere, let alone an ecosystem.
Elephants shape their ecosystems in the same way
@@isen2619 not as much as a sauropod would have
@@beroka1462 that kinda goes without saying, doesn't it?
Are you saying if a single sauropod impacted the earth?
A video about the evolution of grasses (Poaceae) and their rise in the Cenozoic in so many ecosystems would be fantastic
There's one more factor to the rise of angiosperms after the K-PG Extinction that was basically overlooked despite appearing prominently in the stock images: the simultaneous rise of mammals. Most gymnosperms are comparatively larger bodied than angiosperms on average and are much more ancient in their history, so were more evolutionarily intertwined with reptiles and dinosaurs for the dispersal of their seeds or spread their seeds without the help of any animals. Angiosperms were smaller and lower growing in the Mesozoic so would have been mostly overlooked or completely destroyed if their seeds passed through the gut of a herbivorous dinosaur. Dispersal by mammals and birds was much more ideal for angiosperms since their smaller size enabled them to interact and eat their seeds without destroying them, and when the extinction happened their coevolution continued and grew in both diversity and physical size, while gymnosperms basically lost all of their primary dispersers. That's the main reason why the mast majority of living gymnosperms pollinate and seed disperse without animal assistance, and simply relying on wind and fire is much less efficient for rapid species dispersal than a conscious forager that is actively looking for your seeds like the angiosperms still had. Angiosperms, much like the mammals and birds, were just the right size to maintain their life cycle integrity through the extinction and rebounded quickly because of that, but the gymnosperms lost fundamental keys to their former diversity maintenance and have been underfoot to angiosperms ever since because of that.
neat!
I wonder if the rise of insect pollinators affected this shift at all
Is there evidence for what you're saying, or is it just your hypothesis? Because without evidence either, I could just say that there's no force in evolution that forced gymnosperm to stay "ancient". They didn't evolve more slowly than angiosperms, and not all species were necessarily bigger.
We also know that insect pollinators existed before the first flowering plants (PBS Eons made a video about that recently).
Be careful to not become in love with an idea that sounds good. PBS Eons' content isn't about pure theory, it is all derived from paleontological evidence.
"so would have been mostly overlooked or completely destroyed if their seeds passed through the gut of a herbivorous dinosaur"
Citation needed. There are plenty of seeds today that are designed to pass through the gut of megaherbivores like elephants- e.g. avocados, durians, etc.
The rest of your comment is pretty speculative too. "gymnosperms basically lost all of their primary dispersers. That's the main reason why the mast majority of living gymnosperms pollinate and seed disperse without animal assistance" umm nah
@@ethanross1506 The rise of beetles as pollinators likely did affect this shift.
Fascinating. This was well done. Nice job, PBS Eons. This video taught me something new.
This one is one of the good examples of Leonardo Da Vinci's saying: Our life is made by the deaths of others.
Abraham Lincoln said that most of the quotes online are falsely attributed.
...also, the fires in the aftermath of the impact would have burned down much of the existing forest, giving the faster-growing angiosperms an edge when the forests regrew.
Yup, and the soil would be high in nutrients, with all that burnt vegetation in it.
I got unsubscribed from PBS Eons for some reason. I normally wouldn't care that much but this is the ONLY channel where I watch EVERY video soon as it goes live.
Love this channel and everything you guys do on it.
The illustration @2:54 reminds me of that meme of a T-rex telling the mammals to flee while the dinosaurs hold off the asteroid.
Awww, I've never seen that meme, but it sounds so sweet!
I love studying forest ecology and this was so unbelievably interesting. It makes so much sense.
And now the Amazon is home to giant 18 ft caimans and crocodiles, 20 ft snakes, 13 ft fish, all kinds of flying dinosaurs, and He who kills with one bite to the skull.
Don’t forget poop yeeting monkeys
And something that looks like a cross between a pig, a rhino, and a primitive elephant.
@P4to D0l4n pretty sure it’s tapir
@P4to D0l4n
Tapirs
don't forget the otters that can take out the crocs...
And the super-ants that became invasive in the U.S. and have been slowly taking over the country and are resistant to extermination methods.
I love this channel, I'm always learning something from it!!! A blend of earth history and science presented by awesome hosts!!!
I cannot imagine giving a thumbs down on any of these videos. They are all extremely well done and very educational to say the least. I wish these were available when I was a child but I'm grateful they're going to be available for kids!!!! Thank you so much
I wanted to let you know that this is the only channel I'm subscribed to with a rotating group of presenters where I actually like all of the presenters a lot.
YAY! A NEW EONS!!! Discovering this web series has been a blessing throughout the pandemic.
Dinosaurs modifying the environment reminds me to mammoths doing the same in Siberia. Pleistocene Park
I mean, all forms of life affect their environment. In which way is the interesting question.
I was just thinking the same thing. Canada and Russia would have been so different with herds of elephants stomping around.
@@LimeyLassen same with North America. In fact wherever you live now has most likely been shaped by human-caused megafauna extinctions and increased fire regimes.
They got nothing on humans however. We really take the cake.
Or humans, yet we never actually taken a look too see what's evolving among us, many are already in our home or urban environment
I love how simply you explained the canopy effect. In my classes we spent like a full week on it. I guess granted it was an isotope class but still it was really confusing at first.
What an epic episode. This was your best one, Blake.
That quick RIP for the dinos was the best part
When I lived on Guam I became intrigued by the number of tropical trees that were of the legume family from the mequite-like tangan tangan to the majestic poinsiana, and the giant (sweat pea) known as the orchid tree.
I love Eons plant episodes! I'm still waiting for the previous chapter of this plant story, the rise of gymnosperms (including conifers, cycads and ginkgos) has not been yet covered.
I wonder if many of the non flowering plants when the forests were more open relied on wind for dispersing their spores. Having a denser forest with less wind may have also have pushed the need for flowers to attract insects if that was the case
Our earth has such a beautiful story to tell. Sometimes this channel makes me tear up.
I've always wondered: approximately how long did it take after the Chixulub impact for the last non-avian dinosaurs to die? A year? A decade? A century?
Centuries
@@floflo1645 that would make the most sense I suppose
Look into the timing between the impact and the Decan Traps. Some believe the impact started the decline but later events like the Decan Traps gave a finishing blow.
The flood, mostly instant
most probably died within the first day or week, but the next few months and years of starvation finished them off.
May i suggest dinocephalian therapsids that flourished in the middle permian as a topic for perhaps a future video?
It seems like the meteor strike 66 million years ago has been one of the most consequential events in the history of this planet.
Certainly of this channel anyway
Only in recent history. 66 mi years is like just an instant given its old age.
The Amazon forest is so ancient that it watched continents drift apart and mountains grow.
Spiffy coat my man! Continue looking dashing.
I knew this comment would be here somewhere
As a native Brazilian this video was long awaited lol
Same friend!
Likewise
🗿🤝
Massive fertilizer bomb. Sounds like what my dog does on our walks.
And, Blake, I definitely dig you. 😊
Oof, my condolences to you and your dog, that sounds unpleasant! My pupper rarely does her business on walks, she prefers the backyard, which i guess makes those the equivalent of a landmine 😆
I recognised so many orchids shown throughout omg! Love that for me
My favorite presenter from PBS.
this episode was really interesting to watch! eons never fails to deliver
I loved this episode so much♡ thank you, Everyone one for putting it together♡
Love the casual lab coat/dinner wear look
That "Shady" pun did not "veil" or "overshadowed" how great the your program was! Keep them coming! I just hope that people who see it will understand how fragile the Amazon really is and "plant" the "seeds" that will change the future for the better. Thank you, Eon!!!👍👍👍😊
Great vid. Thank you Eons team and patrons
Im a patron so thank you
Damn, James Bond really do be talking about the Amazon
Good to see you again Blake!!😄. Hope everything is fine.
I love how Mother Nature always finds a way to balance life out and to make a comeback.
I'm rooting for the newcomers. Let's go Team Angiosperms!
I love this channel so much. It really completely reinvigorated my forgotten passion of paleontology. I was reading on the extinction events and noticed on the Wikipedia of the K-Pg extinction event that it is hypothesized that the Deccan traps, which are literal antepodes of the Chicxulub crater, are caused by the impact of this enormous meteorite. I am really curious about the development over the centuries after this meteorite has impacted, and what would've (and how) perished first. It is so extremely fascinating that a meteorite struck the earth so hard it caused the other side of the planet to bulge and pour vast amounts of lava so vast it is over 2 km thick! Though it is still a hypothesis.
Also the older you get joke was hilarious
I love this guy and his puns 😂😂
Love it thanks for doing this so often, y’all’re greatly appreciated!
Fascinating as always! I definitely dig all of Blake’s episodes. (Why is there no shovel emoji?)
Here, take this to dig! ⛏
Big laugh from "beleafing in us." I really love when the jokes catch them off guard 🤣🤣
Very interesting video! Love this channel 😊❤
Love the coat!
Your channel should do a episode on the south west of Western Australia, amazing bio diversity in soils that are very poor in nutrients. It's a very fascinating place
This show is so smart and yet accessible that it always amazes me!
Spark the fire of curiosity!
Another great video! Thank you, Blake! 😁🙌
Kudos to the Stylist.
Blake's my favourite host.
Love your videos!
Favorite host is back!
This is great! Such a gift! Thank you ❤
The Amazon is saying goodbye and it's not a meteor disaster but a disaster of human hands, when I traveled to the interior of Brazil I was shocked with such destruction in the name of agribusiness, they are bringing everything down.
Agreed. People dont seem to realize they could make more money from what the Amazon provides naturally rather than what they think they can create in its place
They aren't bringing everything down. The Amazon is actually big enough that even at the highest rate of destruction of it, it would take several centuries to destroy it all. Also, I don't know of any destruction outside of Brazil. And there is a vast amount of Amazon outside of Brazil.
Gotta say, that's an awesome blazer, or jacket. Whatever they are called.
I think its so fascinating that the Dinos were essentially tending to their own garden in the amazon. Their actions directly impacting what could and couldn’t grow, how the landscape looked and even what chemicals were in the environment. It makes me think of human histories of land stewardship, and how some of our ancestors tended to their environments in natural ways that ensured beneficial balance to their ecosystems! Or maybe its nothing like that, idk!!
Always great stuff.
Thank you.
Alternate video: How Amazon ™ could cause a mass extinction event.
Another fascinating episode! I’d love to see more videos on some of the truly odd creatures of the Triassic, especially vertebrates. And some videos featuring early humans, including exploring the possible link between Homo Heidelbergensis and Homo Neanderthalensis.
When I saw the title I thought about all the big department stores going extinct
This is why balance patches & season changes are needed people!
Edit: TierZoo you're awesome! 👌
I’m fascinated by the K-PG extinction event, what happened during those, minutes, hours, days? Then what right after? Like what happened to all the bodies of the dinosaurs after the last one finally died? Were there just endless fields of giant bones scattered everywhere, or just a few here and there? Did the bones just lie there until they crumbled into dust? My mind can’t comprehend it all..lol
Love the Eons and Space Time videos..it's so nice to watch and learn something and hear about something that's not politics and vaccines
Space Time leaves me feeling dim 😅 (I'm not used to that lol)
However I appreciate them not oversimplifying the science.
Agreed tbh, Eons and Space Time are oddly... like... uplifting tbh
They show you there's so much to discover, and, while we will never know even half of it all... there's still the possibility of a brighter future
Except for when ST talks about iron-56 stars or the heat death, those are pretty depressing :p
Oh, Blake. I love you, and I love that coat.
It is amazing you are showing us the science behind the history and revelations - I think it will help make everyone appreciate the detail and objectivity of scientific research in general, over many other topics too, cutting out misinformation!
This channel is the only thing that keeps me from despairing over our current climate change/ mass extinction, because it reminds me, that life will always bounce back - even from the greatest tragedies.
This video's host must really miss the dinosaurs.
But it seems like he enjoys his job.
Thank you!
I LOVE YOU GUYS SO MUCH!
I love your content! It is amazing how i learn and it all feels so natural and fun!
1000 years from now historians will say of the modern age: They worshipped the Amazonian Goddess Je'bezos who was believed to have arrived on an ancient meteor.
Great video, I did hear another theory which argued that most of the current plant species in the Amazon has been naturally selected by humans over thousands of years. I wonder if true how much impact humans had not in destroying the Amazon as we do today. But lived with it, and designed it for their own harmonious existence with nature?
That isn't a theory. That's only a hypothesis.
This was a fascinating talk. Thank you.
Nature knew the best way to remember the deceased was with a bouquet of flowers. R.I.P. indeed.
Huh, for some reason in my head I read the title as "Amazon™ Creates Mass Extinction Event", which to be fair is also a likely scenario.
Asteroid hits Earth
Dinosaurs: It's the end of the world!
Flowering Plants: It's free real estate!
And mammals looked out from their burrows and sniffed the air. Air that did not smell of dino carnivores and followed their natural curiosity.
This channel is so freaking awesome!
I was fascinated when a read this paper and you guys made an awesome job illustrating it
And now the chattering locusts are destroying it . . . insane.
that's an odd way to refer to brazilian politicians and/or farm owners
but it makes a lot of sense
oversimplification, but I feel like you can see this in any forest fire or clearcut in a coniferous forest. The first trees to regrow are always the leafy angiosperms, but in the Amazon they were able to take over.
PBS EONs team, I can't wait till my kids start watching your videos.
Quite interesting information about the beginning of the Amazon, specially my favorite plant the orchid.
3 new videos in a week? That's what I'm talking about team Eons! 💪
To quote AJR: “ It’s 3 am, I should be sleeping “
Fantastic video, a pretty interesting subject, PBS is doing a great job with their channels.
Thank you to the patreons . I can't afford to support, but love the shows...
That’s ironic, because now Amazon is helping to create a mass extinction event!
Can anyone elaborate?
Lol, well played.
@@mr.fahrenheit6054 The forest is being destroyed to grow soy for cows for burgers.
@@mr.fahrenheit6054 Amazon the distributor is doing everything it can to replace workers and become a governing force in the global economy.
Lab coat or sport coat? My brain can't quite decide.
I would propose that lab coats don't normally have pockets with flaps, since they are meant to be easily accessed while working.
Beautifully explained!
What a cool concept for a video, thanks guys
This is the second instance I've heard of of Megafauna having a critical climate impact. The other is mammoth steppes. There's a compare and contrast episode in there, I think
It be amazing to think of the Amazon being around in the final days of the Cretaceous with dinos roaming around
You didn't listen to the video I see.
Excellent video 📹
We take our garden plants and our lawns for granted.
Fascinating. You guys rock