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Discos greek word. Can we go further and see the real meaning of this world, maybe in sanskrit or another language. It looks like is formed from two verbs?
Every possible way. It is a joke, show me the genetic mutations. Our ancestors in Africa could have called their father, mother, water, ... Padar, moder, ... and so on. This video is absolutely nonsense.
Anatolian theory is not "on the table" since the guy who invented it, Renfrew, has admitted he was wrong. the debate is over - the steppe was the homeland.
sciphynuts probablu you are right. But also the centre of sanskrit is kurdistan and kurdish. Vedian hinduist religions centre is kurdish and kurdistan. But probably skythians i think also are Kosaks!
He admitted he was wrong or they used academic politics to undermind his view so forcing him to admit it out of peer pressure, or did he admit it willfully? Well, anyways science goes based more on probability and not actuality. This is all reconstructive history, not the actual history and these scientists have limited information on the subject. Then I go by a Biblical perspective but I find that Anatolia or the Caucasus region wouldn't go against it. Though the Biblical perspective is that all humans on earth were united in Babel and spoke one language and then God said let Us (speaking to himself that singular yet plural) go down and confuse their languages. So then this sparked a migration and a division of the peoples. See according to the Bible all the survivors of the great flood settled in Mesopotamia and they spoke only one language because they are descendants of 4 households that only knew one language. So this is called the language of the bird's science when it was Christian probably would have wanted to know it, but science became atheistic. Maybe that wasn't Nimrod who united them in Babel maybe he was after the division. It may have been Nimrod at first then the languages became divided. Gen 10:8 Now Cush fathered Nimrod. He started to become mighty in the land. 9 He was a mighty hunter before Adonai. This is why it is said, “Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before Adonai.”10 The beginning of his kingdom included Babel, Erech, Accad and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.11 From that land he went out to Assyria and built Nineveh, Rechovot-ir, Calah12 and Resen, between Nineveh and Calah-it is the great city.
You said "the Indo-Europeans are a concept and not based on archeological discoveries". I think most people now consider the Yamnaya to be the Proto-Indo-Europeans and there are plenty of archeological records for those
I would be extremely careful about that. It is such a hazy topic with absolutely no contemporary evidence and purely based on speculation. I think we have to have completely open minds on this one.
@@historyoftheworldpodcast5234 it's not speculative. Many dna studies have shown that specific ethic groups and lineages spread out in the same times and patterns as particular related archaeological cultures as well as the Indo-European languages. The dna really put the nail in the coffin
@@historyoftheworldpodcast5234 when the spread of a set of language groups, which precisely correlates with the spread of a set of related material cultures, which both correlate precisely with the spread of a specific racial/ethic group and their descendants its basically proven. Saying "language doesn't have dna" in retort is as stupid saying "pots aren't people". Both originate from people
This is quite possibly my favorite episode that you have produced. I am in etymology addict! I fully have conversations with my high school students about understanding this exact concept, of understanding the origin of language but more greatly in the understanding of societies and if you will expressions and culture that comes down in mythology theology spirituality in our art in our musics in our ceremonies and customs. Thank you so much this was a great episode and thank you as well for the recommendation for the history of English podcast I’ve already signed up for that one as well. I’ve been subscribed for at least two if not three years to this group and all it produces. Thank you so much for another fantastic presentation for us to enjoy.
Wrong ARYANS ORIGIN ARE INDIA 🇮🇳 80,000 YEARS ORIGIN OF R WHICH SPREAD OUT TO CENTRAL ASIA SIBERIA PARTS OF IRAN LATER MIDDLEEAST CAUCASUS AND DID TRADES TEMPORARILY STAYED IN STEPPES FOR TRADE. TRADE IS REAL REASON OF SILK ROUTE ARYANS (NATIVE OLDEST INDIAN) WENT TO TRADE WITH EURASIA THEN EUROPEAN AS SOME INDIA TAUGHT SPREAD INDIC SANSKRIT LANGUAGES WHICH SOUTH INDIAN ALSO ADOPTED WITH OTHER TAMIL WORDS. AUSTRALOID ABORIGINAL NEGROID FROM AFRICA AS MANY INDIANS TODAY ONLY CAME AS MIGRANTS FOREIGNERS MAINLY 1000 YEARS AGO AND SOME ABOUT 2000 LESS 3800 OR SO. THESE AUSTRALOID ABORIGINAL AND NEGROID AFRICAN MARRIED MANY CASES FORCED NATIVE INDIAN WOMEN AS THEIRS THATS HINDU POPULATION TODAY AS THEIR AUSTRALIA ABORIGINAL AND NEGROID AFRICAN ANCESTORS MIGRANTED TO SOUTH INDIA SOME FEW IN NORTH INDIA THEN MUCH LATER TO UPPER HALF ALSO
The Tocharians in China were Proto-European settlers. That is not a theory, mummies are strown throughout Tarim basin China of european mummies from 4000 years ago.They were also the first horse riders.
@@KennethGangte There are burial mounds in the Indo-europian fashon, funny how the government of China is planting trees on them so you could not see them.
I have always found the evolution of languages a fascinating subject, words being the living relics of our history, often without our knowing it. For instance, Chilean Spanish contains many native American words, but not, as you'd expect, Mapuche words, Mapuches being the dominant native nation here. Rather, they are Quechua words, from Peru, and this is linked to the way Chile was colonised, by Spaniards based in Peru, bringing with them many native helpers with them. Interestingly, these words are often related to babies (the word most often used here for "baby" is "guagua", traceable to Quechua) and food: the words for most foods of south American origin in Chile are from Quechua. For example the word for "avocado" here is not "aguacate" ( from the aztec language) but "palta", from Quechua. I imagine how this happened: native female helpers were obliged to help raising the children and making the food, and many of their words were incorporated into Chilean Spanish that way.
This is all Wrong ARYANS ORIGIN ARE INDIA 🇮🇳 80,000 YEARS ORIGIN OF R WHICH SPREAD OUT TO CENTRAL ASIA SIBERIA PARTS OF IRAN LATER MIDDLEEAST CAUCASUS AND DID TRADES TEMPORARILY STAYED IN STEPPES FOR TRADE. TRADE IS REAL REASON OF SILK ROUTE ARYANS (NATIVE OLDEST INDIAN) WENT TO TRADE WITH EURASIA THEN EUROPEAN AS SOME INDIA TAUGHT SPREAD INDIC SANSKRIT LANGUAGES WHICH SOUTH INDIAN ALSO ADOPTED WITH OTHER TAMIL WORDS. AUSTRALOID ABORIGINAL NEGROID FROM AFRICA AS MANY INDIANS TODAY ONLY CAME AS MIGRANTS FOREIGNERS MAINLY 1000 YEARS AGO AND SOME ABOUT 2000 LESS 3800 OR SO. THESE AUSTRALOID ABORIGINAL AND NEGROID AFRICAN MARRIED MANY CASES FORCED NATIVE INDIAN WOMEN AS THEIRS THATS HINDU POPULATION TODAY AS THEIR AUSTRALIA ABORIGINAL AND NEGROID AFRICAN ANCESTORS MIGRANTED TO SOUTH INDIA SOME FEW IN NORTH INDIA THEN MUCH LATER TO UPPER HALF ALSO
@@TheLowsofSolipsismo shit etymology teaches you that your point? try using genetics with it next time and aryan in Sanskrit means nobles priest caucasoid
Ignore trolls like this desi nationalist Modi worshipping Hindu fundamentalist know-nothing shouting above. As the world grows more nationalistic in many places, propaganda becomes a substitute for truth and these sort of credulous cretins emerge from their hiding places… always to proclaim their own culture and country are (surprise!) the oldest and best, in part because their religious texts or oral traditions tell them so. With almost 200 countries in the world, someone’s lying! Turns out all fundamentalists are full of it; we emerged from Africa long ago and the paths of those migrations are very complex and are only now being worked out in broad strokes by molecular geneticists.
You mean Geg language, which is not completely mutually intelligible with the Tosk language, and is for political reason classified as ‘Albanian language’? Nice tactics, South Slavs should learn from you, that will make them much stronger.
@@gordonpi8674 Geg is an Albanian dialect just like Tosk, they are the 2 main dialects of Albanian that split the Albanian language in 5th century AD before the south slavs arrived.
@@gordonpi8674 nothing slavs to learn from Albanians as both tosk and gheg is Albanian, its just the way both languages was preserved to what makes them a little bit different to one another, the tosk dialect is different due to firstly being in a lot more contact with greeks and a lot more of a city based population so the language drifted away from geg. Geg dialect was maintained and isolated due to its inhabitants living in mountainous regions of north Albania, there was no such big cities like the south but mainly it was all villagers. Both are Albanian just drifted away from each other well before the ottomans
We never been a muslim country and will never be. #Sumatra #Java #Bali #Indonesia Batak of Sumatra is similar to Batak Bulgaria East Europe Hindu wasn't a religion but region called indo, indus, hindia stretching all the way from Indonesia to East Europe, so Hindu didn't came from India, India is the only significant remaining. Indonesia means Indo Nesos, Indo islands. Indo Persian and Indo Europe is similar to Indonesia. Indonesia is center of world ancient civilization, exactly on the centre of Equator line of planet earth, lot older than ancient Egypt. Wonder why world still don't know about oldest ancient civilization of Indonesia before Toba supervolcano eruption 74000 years ago bigger than Yellowstone USA, resulted today Toba lake of Sumatra 100 kilometres wide, world's largest volcanic lake. Our Ancestors knew the eruption was going to happen so they relocated towards today Europe, Middle East, Africa and America. Native Americans are Indonesians as well. the whole "Enigma" album 2015/16 "The Fall of A Rebel Angel" (feat. Anggun) is about me, Rizki Ferdian means Richard Light Bearer (Fer/Per/Ber is old indo word means to carry, to bear. Dian/Diana means Divine/Light). Aquarius, Age of Aquarius Aquarius Sun + Aquarius Moon Aries Ascendant = Man with Crown/Horn, misinterpreted by religious as Evil Lucifer. Capricorn: Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, Neptune, Midheaven Scorpio: Saturn, Mars, Pluto Sagittarius Uranus Gemini North Node, Sagittarius South Node Pisces: Lilith, Fortune Me, Wednesday (Day of Woden/Odin) 1 February 1984, GMT +7 (Indonesia), 9:36AM. Complete multiracial, multilingual. Living around the world since child alone on my own especially since Mother passed away with younger sister just after her birth, 6 November 1986, Mother was 27 years old (29 July 1959), I was 2,8 years old. I am a former muslim preacher in my teenage, no longer muslim, no longer religious, not into any religion, studied religions earlier than majority of people, that's why I am fluent in formal Arabic. 8 years The Netherlands and surrounding, fluent in Dutch, French, etc. And many other years many places. Religions are men made to control to enslave less knowing majority. Religion = Region rely on legion
@@RIZFERD and mongols is indonesians iranics from sumer migrated in siberia mongolia and back some tribein south east asia peoples from today's from sumer where they are now
absolutely fantastic. How can one hear these great swaths of history without being blown away by the immensity of wisdom won and lost, the billions of souls who experienced the unfolding these manifold cultural nuancesand our present place in this panorama? An immensely powerful presentation. Thank you.
John Muir, funny you should say that. Try and look up some videos of Michael Cane when he’s not doing his stage accent. His natural voice is super thick.
Albanian language isn't slavic, it's a direct descendant of Illyrian as mentioned by Ptolemy in 150AD he talked about a Illyrian tribe called "Albanoi" in today's albania
That was before Slavs migrated there. Much like how the Slavs who live in North Macedonia don’t speak the language of Phillip and Alexander but a Slavic language of the people who moved there in the early centuries of the new millennium
I'm from Northern Part of India. I speak Hindi an Indo-European language. I have personally found so many cognates of Hindi in English. First i thought this was coincidence but when i learnt how languages and people have evolved and migrated throughout the world i became so curious about our ancestors and their culture. Our ancestors migrated from steppes towards India and they got mixed with autochthonous people that resulted into present population. By the way, Great Video. But at the end of the day... We all are Africans.
Abe mansik gulam.. Aryan log native north Indians hai na ki Europe se ai hue log. Aryan invasion theory is fake and constructed by brits to create the divid in India.
This is great! I appreciate how a relatively slow delivery aids comprehension with a complex subject. The presentation would benefit greatly by addition of text overlays to show of significant syllable or spelling similarities, or a closed caption not automatically generated.
Wrong ARYANS ORIGIN ARE INDIA 🇮🇳 80,000 YEARS ORIGIN OF R WHICH SPREAD OUT TO CENTRAL ASIA SIBERIA PARTS OF IRAN LATER MIDDLEEAST CAUCASUS AND DID TRADES TEMPORARILY STAYED IN STEPPES FOR TRADE. TRADE IS REAL REASON OF SILK ROUTE ARYANS (NATIVE OLDEST INDIAN) WENT TO TRADE WITH EURASIA THEN EUROPEAN AS SOME INDIA TAUGHT SPREAD INDIC SANSKRIT LANGUAGES WHICH SOUTH INDIAN ALSO ADOPTED WITH OTHER TAMIL WORDS. AUSTRALOID ABORIGINAL NEGROID FROM AFRICA AS MANY INDIANS TODAY ONLY CAME AS MIGRANTS FOREIGNERS MAINLY 1000 YEARS AGO AND SOME ABOUT 2000 LESS 3800 OR SO. THESE AUSTRALOID ABORIGINAL AND NEGROID AFRICAN MARRIED MANY CASES FORCED NATIVE INDIAN WOMEN AS THEIRS THATS HINDU POPULATION TODAY AS THEIR AUSTRALIA ABORIGINAL AND NEGROID AFRICAN ANCESTORS MIGRANTED TO SOUTH INDIA SOME FEW IN NORTH INDIA THEN MUCH LATER TO UPPER HALF ALSO
also lets see how your 396K views do lol. People are so annoying where they have such egos that they believe they can do better, yet they have ZERO vids and ZERO views lol
I am an Indian. I read Sanskrit in school. We were taught ...Aryans who migrated to Indus Valley came from Middle Europe. But earliest civilzation dates back to Harappa and Mohenjodaro Civilization, before the migration of Aryans. Dravidian language flourished parallel to Sanskrit in the Southern Part of Indian Subcontinent. I will be delighted if you discuss Sankrit , its origin .
@Harishankar Mishra thank you . Could you also share some information on the dates of Harappan Civilization and Aryan civilization ? That will be helpful. I am attached to genetic research. Genetically the Aryans have more genotype of Indo Aryans than Dravidians. Whereas Dravidians have genotype similar to AfroAsians.
@Harishankar Mishra do we need binoculars to watch human migration ? The concept of pure breed does'nt hold true in these days. Apart from the Homo sepian sepian there existed many species of human. Like we have multiple species of cows and hen. Likewise, Mongoloid, African and Caucasian are three distinct phenotypes which are still predominately found. It's not western concept. In India we have research institues that are working on many biological facts. But you seem to have strong dislike on science.
@Harishankar Mishra absolutely. In that logic all living matters are formed of these basic components. However, physics , quantam physics, particle physics is yet to understand the basic functions of life or living organizations. I am also looking forward to biotechnology to create the first living cell, artificially. Science is evolving, we are discovering. Strangely you mention " your scientists" ! Science can't be your and mine. But, i enjoyed the discussions.
This was terrific and eye opening. Thank you so much for making these videos. I have subscribed to your channel, keep up the good work. Btw out of all the narrators you’re by far the best!
Fun fact: The term "terrific" is from the root "terror", and was given it's current meaning by teen slang in the early twentieth century. Other words that changed meaning were "great", "crazy", "queer", "gay", and "dumb", among many others.
Thanks sincerely for this work. I am fascinated-excited to learn of this field of study as contrast with archeology, and will be sure to check out more, and the recommended podcast. I think a whole new "RUclips" could be concerned with discovering and play-acting comparative language history videos, though we'd probably have to begin with the swear words and other unpleasant cultural norms.
As to swear words, the word "fart" is of indo European origin... The word in Spanish is "pedo": notice the typical shift of p to f from romance to germanic languages, and also the typical shift of d to t. The same shifts are seen in the French word "pied", which is "foot" in English.
Ive listened to this epispde several times. I am fascinanted by linguistics and also love the History of the World podcast! Thank you for sharing your extensive knowledge with the rest of the world.
Cimmerians , cimeroi , Cymmry , The, Welsh still call themselves Cymry one m has been dropped, they came from western Syria , there was no Celts in Britain only in northern Italy, an invention of Edward Llwyd , Von Bunsen said that Cymmraeg Welsh is the route of all European languages
Chris Bishop 7:09 Ilyyrian and Tracani are I2a😁Balkan is enigma ,you can learn more about on youTube for example check the "Stecci in Radmilja Bosnia and Hercegovina .My family's ancestor DNA is I2a
@@vesnanuspahic7510 I2a is a paleolithic pre indo-european haplogroup, that went from western scandinavian hunter gatherer populations (I1) to the northern Balkans at the peak of the last ice age. The same happened with the I2b from southern France and the Iberian peninsula. The later haplogroup almost disappeared, replaced by the R1b indo-europeans, except for the island of Corsica, but in the northern and central Balkans I2a remained in the majority, although already mingled with the Mediterranean E1b1b (early neolithic farmers) and, later on, with the bronze age J2 and R1b. R1a indo-europeans were the last to arrive in the Balkans, but somehow their language became dominant in the northern and central areas. The Hungarian case, in the Danube basin, is more enigmatic, since they don't even speak an indo-european language but an Ural-Altaic one, strongly related with Finnish, albeit Hungarians being genetically similar to their eastern Austrian and Slovenian, Croatian neighbors.
The spread of Indo-European languages, especially Indo-Iranian in this video, is not true, because if you look at the BMAC culture, which was Indo-Iranian in origin and with widespread Indo-Iranian languages in Central Asia, it took place almost 4000 BC, based on an archaeological findings and artifacts that were discovered at the archaeological sites of Margiana-Bactria, but here it shows that in 1825 BC. Indo-Iranian languages have not reached the BMAC area.
there is no such thing as indo european or indian european race or language such thing is made up term there was though euroasian race and mixture but no nothing in history as "indo" europeans concept
Congratulations, milord, for so illuminating and delightful a lecture! BRAVO! While my area of preference dwells in Ancient Mesopotamian history (with emphasis on Assyria), I have always been, also, completely addicted to linguistics, and language comparisons, given that I am fluent in four, semi-fluent in one, and can (by extrapolation) understand a sixth one - Italian. As such, this video touched every level and aspect of my intellectual curiosity and/or interests.
Thanks for making this complex relationship of languages understandable. Just one thing, though: some mention should have been made of the fact that they have one more fundamental similarity: the grammar. I know it's very hard to explain it in a video like this one, but just the words and pronunciation are not enough to be sure that a number of languages makes a family. The grammar is key.
Mak/Mek...(emek)=exertion /process Der-mek= to set the layout by bringing together Dar-mak= to bring about a new order by destroying the old Dür-mek= to roll it up (to make it become a roll) Dör-mek= to rotate on its axis ( törmek=old meaning)-(to stir it , to mix it(current meaning) (döngü)törüş/törüv=tour (törüv-çi=turqui)(tör-geş=turkish)=tourist...(törük halk=mixed people in ownself) Törü-mek=türemek= to get created a new order by joining each other Töre=the order established over time= custom/tradition > (torah=sacred order) (tarih=history) Törü-et-mek=türetmek= to create a new layout by adding them together= to derive (Tör-en-mek)>dörünmek= to rotate oneself /(2. to turn by oneself) (Dörn-mek)>Dönmek= to turn oneself (Dön-der-mek)>döndürmek= to turn something (Dön-eş-mek)>dönüşmek= to turn (altogether) to something (Dön-eş-der-mek)>dönüştürmek= to convert/ to transform simple wide tense for positive sentences Var-mak= to arrive (for the thick voiced words) (positive suffixes)=(Ar-ır-ur) Er-mek= to get (at) (for the subtle voiced words) (positive suffixes)=(Er-ir-ür) for negative sentences Ma=not Bas-mak= to dwell on /tread on (bas git= ~leave and go) Maz=(negativity suffix)=(ma-bas) =(No pass)=Na pas=not to dwell on > vaz geç= give up (for the thick voiced words) Ez-mek= to crush (ez geç= ~think nothing about) Mez=(negativity suffix)=(ma-ez) =(No crush)=doesn't > es geç = skip (for the subtle voiced words) Tan= the dawn Tanımak= to recognize (~to get the differences of) (Tanı-ma-bas)= tanımaz= ~doesn't recognize (Tanı-et-ma-bas)= tanıtmaz= doesn't make it get recognized (Tanı-en-ma-bas)= tanınmaz= doesn't inform about oneself (doesn't get known by any) (Tanı-eş-ma-bas)= tanışmaz= doesn't get known each other Tanışmak= to get to know each other =(~to meet first time) Danışmak= to get information from each other Uç=~ top point (Uç-mak)= to fly (Uç-a-var)= Uçar=it flies (arrives at flying) (Uç-ma-bas)= uçmaz= doesn't fly (~gives up flying) (Uç-der-ma-bas)=(uçturmaz)=uçurmaz= doesnt fly it (doesn't make it fly) (Uç-eş-ma-bas)=uçuşmaz= doesn't (all)together fly (Uç-al-ma-bas)=uçulmaz= doesn't get being flied Su=water (Suv)=fluent-flowing (suvu)=Sıvı=fluid, liquid Suv-mak=~ to make it flow onwards/upward (>sıvamak) Suy-mak=~ to make it flow over Süv-mek=~ to make it flow inwards Sür-mek=~ to make it flow on something Suv-up =liquefied=(soup) Sür-up(shurup)=syrup Suruppah(chorba)=soup Suruppat(sherbet)=sorbet sharap=wine mashrubat=beverage (Süp-mek)=~ to make it flow outwards (süp-der-mek>süptürmek)>süpürmek=to sweep Say-mak=~ to make it flow one by one (from the mind) = ~ to count ~ to deem (sayı=number) (bilgisayar=computer) Söy-mek=~ to make it flow from the mind (Söy-le-mek= to make the sentences flowing through the mind =~to say, ~to tell ) Sev-mek=~ to make it flow from the mind (to the heart) = to love Söv-mek=~ call names (to say whatever's on own mind) Süy-mek=~ to make it flow from inside (süyüt) =Süt= milk Soy-mak=~ to make it flow over it/him/her ( to peel, ~to strip, ~to rob ) (Soy-en-mak)>soyunmak=to undress (Sıy-der-mak)>sıyırmak= skimming, ~skinning Siy-mek=~ to make it flow downwards =to pee Siyitik>Sidik= urine Süz-mek=~ to make it lightly flow from up to downwards (~to filter, strain out) Sez-mek=~ to make it lightly flow into the mind (~to perceive, to intuit) Sız-mak=~ to get flowed slightly/slowly (~to infiltrate) Sun-mak= to extend it forwards (presentation, exhibition, to serve up) Sün-mek=to expand reaching outwards (sünger=sponge) Sın-mak=to reach by extending upwards or forwards Sin-mek=to shrink (oneself) by getting down or back (to lurk, to hide onself) Sön-mek=to get decreased by getting out or in oneself (to be extinguished) Sağ-mak= ~ to make it's poured down (Sağanak=downpour) (sağ-en-mak)>sağınmak=~ to make oneself poured from thought into emotions (Sağn-mak)>San-mak= ~ to make it pour from thought to idea (to arrive at the idea) Sav-mak=~ to make it pour outwards (2.>put forward- set forth in) (sağan)=Sahan=the container to pour water (Sav-der-mak)>(savdurmak)> savurmak (Sav-der-al-mak)>(savurulmak)> savrulmak=to get scattered/driven away (Sav-en-mak)>savunmak=to defend (Sav-en-al-mak)>savunulmak=to get being defended (Sav-eş-mak)1.>savaşmak=to pour blood / to shed each other's blood (savaş= the war) 2.savuşmak=to get spilled around.(altogether-downright)=(sıvışmak=~running away in fear)
In the future, linguists will see that two words "seridad" and "secuity" coexsted in 21st century spanish. They will know which morphed from the latin securitas to spanish and which one jumped from english as a loan word on a bouncers shirt.
I agree in that sh sound is a 'softening' of s+k (s+c), but [d] changing to [t] isn't softening, but HARDENING. This is so especially so in the Germanic languages, where the t sound is aspirated (has a h-like puff after it). It's a tenuis sound versus d being a lenis sound: meaning the t tkes more effort from the speech muscles. Though I know English speakers perceive the d sound as harder. Don't know the reason: maybe because producing voice during the stop sounds is bigger effort for the whole sound producing. It's mentally harder maybe. Because for the use of muscles, the voiceless stops: t, k & p are made with more muscle force than the corresponding voiced stops d, g (hard sound) & b. Same with the affricates ch (voiceless) & j (voiced), which English speakers often see as individual sounds and even stops, though ch sound is formed by t+sh, just the t is released through sh, not the aspiration of t (+h sound). Though some dialects same them very close, so 'tea' by some British speakers sounds close to 'chea', or 'tsea' (spelled tzea also). You can notice the stop softening in American English, where t (tt) between vowels and after some soft (voiced) consonants is softened to d, or more like a flap sound which is voiced, and closest to d or all the consonants, just not quite the same: water, shout out, wanting, Bertie - Walter? Do you hear a difference in the AmE in wriTer and riDer? Does rider have a longer i sound (actually for most Americans in /i/ there's a diphthong, combination of 2 sounds), is that it?
So from what I understand about language change and how it is usually talked about is that the change from a [d] to a [t] sound is rarely described in terms of softening/hardening but rather in terms of voicing. Basically [t] and [d] are both pronounced in the Alveolar region of your mouth and are stops, which means they are pronounced by stopping airflow temporarily before releasing it. The difference between the two is that [d] is pronounced while engaging your vocal cords and [t] is pronounced without use of vocal cords. In English we also aspirate the [t] but not every language does this (for example Latin) and is not the key differentiator between the two sounds. So such a change would be described as [d] devoicing to [t] rather than softening. Softening is, at least in my limited understanding, used to refer when sounds change to "weaker" sounds from different regions or disappear altogether. Your [t] to the alveolar tap (which English doesn't have a letter for but is kind of a weaker [r] sound) is a good one. Another common one is when [h] disappears from languages which has happened word initially in many British languages in words like hour, house, etc. That it usually what I've heard softening refer to. Sounds changes between [t] and [d] which are only separated by their voicing are described as voicing and devoicing.
The differece of the Germanic languages from the other Indo-European languages could come from the fact that there was an older population there, which adapted the Indo-European languages, but with effects of their previous languages. This is backed up by the genetics, because the Northern Germanic people have a paternal haplotype (y-chromosome genes), which is different than what most of Europe has - it's an older European stock. It's also different than what the neighbouring Finnic (Finns, Estonians etc.) people have in the east of Scandinavia, the indigenous people of North-Eastern Europe before the Russians spread to most of that area. A close variant to that Scandinavian haplogroup is found in the (Western) Balkans. Some of the Southern Balkan Slavic languages share a cmmon feature with the Scandinavian languages, namely that there's no definite article, but a suffix (ending) meaning the same.
@@bartholomewlutzuk Funny theory, when they are a very mixed race. And there is their strength. But a master race... Yeah, like everybody else. Only thing wrong in that thinking is trying to rule over other people who are not considered part of them. Germans tried that. Managed to pull it off for a bit over 5 years. And got their just reward after that. Bullies deserve to get bullied. But modern Germans are mostly different. Appreciating other people too.
@@timomastosalo You wouldn't think so considering the Germans that I have met. I, ve never visited Germany but I have met Germans on my travels to various countries and many were arrogant exuding a sense of superiority. BTW my wife's father was German and there lies the bias.
@@bartholomewlutzuk I've met Germans. Most not exuding a sense of superiority. I've seen one broke down apologizing Jews what her father's generation did in the WWII era. But they are versatile, innovative (especially in problem solving, like tech), and tough, sporty - yet some more like happy eaters, enjoying the sensual pleasures. So there's many type of Germans - which is no wonder, because they are in the middle of Europe, surrounded by so many cutures. And because they were long divided into many nations, there are also regional differences. Plus the North is Protestant & less religious (which doesn't mean there's less people believing in God there), the South Catholic.
Considering the similarities of the Greeks and Italians, which share the same cluster 37-40% , based on the evidence of the Greek and Roman world we see they are both from the same tree , but on different branches, but from one root .
I for one am glad you couldn't constrain yourself. A very interesting lecture with a nice thought at the the end. Thank you for this wonderful content.
Great presentation, I've been recently interested in this rare topic, thank you for that. Also, I like your video vs. audio narrative, well done, Sir. Peace
The Indo-Europeans come from the lands now submerged under the Black sea. They were forced to migrate from their lands when the Mediterranean broke through and, about 10,000 years ago, flooded the lowlands that were their ancestral home. They were thus required to adopt and adapt to a peripatetic lifestyle or die out. They adapted exceedingly well, obviously, and through migration and conquest ended up in all the places we find them now. The world was shaped differently in the past but that fact is never considered in this discussion.
Very interesting! Although, I like the relations between different language families, I always found comparative linguistics to be quite boring but you explained it in a very interesting manner. :)
As a sidecomment the relationship between proto-Celtic and proto-Italic languages cannot be understated. The Etruscans and other proto-Italic cultures could understand the Celts. These languages where so interchangeable that there is an annecdote about Iulius Caesar being able to read the "coded" Celtic military message that his scouts intercepted during the Gallic-Roman wars -- and this 9 to 10 centuries later after cultures diverged.
That's because they were the same people just as the Hebrews had many tribes but unified under one and also Native American confederation could communicate with each other. Just as Arabic and the Jewish language are related . Spanish and Italians language are related. This is because thousands of years of the African, kushite, Egyptian, phonecian, migration into Europa. Africans now and back then new how to speak many languages. If you just new 3 old languages you would be able to to speak to people from Africa to Isreal to Spain to France to Scotland to England to the Americas extra.
The Etruscans weren't Indo European though. Edit: Not that the Etruscans couldn't communicate with the Celts or Italics, as they traded often. Just that the Etruscan language wasn't Indo-European.
konni atlantan lusiberian language dates by radio carbon tested back to 12.000 years greek and then latin emerged from that eloim eloim father father , gods language , the mother of all languages
@@katawaya8101 wait I was thinking that the tag (excellent presentation) is like a series, or rather, playlist of tag on the channel. but i think youre right. for me it doesnt matter who created it, im just here for the story.
Not all of them , only one who is a universalist who resereced these tribes places and language for nearly 30 years and the last 4 years on just the migrating of these African tribes in to Europa. Canada and the Americas, without a shadow of a dought they were a mixture of African, Ethiopian, phonecian, Jews who made up the many tribes coming together as one. Evey statue and real artifacts coming form those regions at that time period were African people and that's a fact . This was a great documentary I just don't like when people are completely blind of historical truth's do to a higher racist agenda perpetuating deception to all the masses in turn we got people thinking they are everything that thay are not and I am someone that I'm not. Masters of role reversal. I'm not hear to fight with people over me stating African people brought languages dress, food and culture everywhere up in Europa. I get called names but not one rebuttal on an intalectual level over what I said. That is racist and ignorant when just the sound of a African people in a discussion makes you call them crazy without having any knowledge of the topic at hand
@@watermelonlalala *sighs* so, for my own amusement, what dumb ideology do you believe in? Are you an Afrocentrist? An Indocentrist? Or maybe are you one of the worst of them all, a White Nationalist?
how did Hellenic that was with Armenian-Hellenic group in Caucasus, immediately appears in the Balkans, but not where is Greece, but where is Thrace..How so?
Love this, thank you! Word for God in Albanian is ZOT! Zo, za, zë means voice/sound in Albanian, to me it is no coincidense that Ze, zot come from Zeus, and zeus from Ze/za/zo which means sound, considering zeus was god of thunder! anothe mythological Albanian superpower figure is ZANA which has possesive powers also with her voice and lives in the woods!
Maybe there is the echo of the Creator God of Bible, who created the world by his Word , vibrational information,(= Holy Spirit hovering over the sea in creation) and He also keeps the whole World, Creation going all the time by His Word (=Jesus). Zooe means life in Greece, if I remember right, or sg like that anyway. Zoo comes from it.
Danth from India some how got to Germanic as tanth and moved to English as teeth. It also became dens in Latin, on to dents in French and denture in English.
Not just danth (teeth) but haath (hand), pa (feet, pied), muh/mukh (mouth), nak (nose) and in Bengali we say kapal for forehead which I wonder if it's close to Greek kefal. And osthi (bone in anatomy) too, which is close to ostheo..
Those words didn’t *come from* India. The whole point is that there was an original shared language long before the indo-Europeans showed up in (most of) Europe and in India.
Casian D'souza it’s “tand” in Danish, another Germanic language. English is really, really weird and it would be dumb to draw too many conclusions based on such a weird language. Oh, btw, the aryan invasion happened. We have DNA studies, too, on top of linguistics and archeology.
Just a note: The Pashtuns in Afghanistan, were known as Afghan which means Horsemen, Cavalry, Horse breeders. Interestingly their main Haplogroup is R1a, same as Germans and Slavs. So the language was not just passed on as a Lingua France of the ancient world, it was the mother tongue. Which is incidentally where the Pashtun/Hebrew theory unravels a little bit more.
Mak/Mek...(emek)=exertion /process Der-mek= to set the layout by bringing together Dar-mak= to bring about a new order by destroying the old Dür-mek= to roll it up (to make it become a roll) Dör-mek= to rotate on its axis ( törmek=old meaning)-(to stir it , to mix it(current meaning) (döngü)törüş/törüv=tour (törüv-çi=turqui)(tör-geş=turkish)=tourist...(törük halk=mixed people in ownself) Törü-mek=türemek= to get created a new order by joining each other Töre=the order established over time= custom/tradition > (torah=sacred order) (tarih=history) Törü-et-mek=türetmek= to create a new layout by adding them together= to derive (Tör-en-mek)>dörünmek= to rotate oneself /(2. to turn by oneself) (Dörn-mek)>Dönmek= to turn oneself (Dön-der-mek)>döndürmek= to turn something (Dön-eş-mek)>dönüşmek= to turn (altogether) to something (Dön-eş-der-mek)>dönüştürmek= to convert/ to transform simple wide tense for positive sentences Var-mak= to arrive (for the thick voiced words) (positive suffixes)=(Ar-ır-ur) Er-mek= to get (at) (for the subtle voiced words) (positive suffixes)=(Er-ir-ür) for negative sentences Ma=not Bas-mak= to dwell on /tread on (bas git= ~leave and go) Maz=(negativity suffix)=(ma-bas) =(No pass)=Na pas=not to dwell on > vaz geç= give up (for the thick voiced words) Ez-mek= to crush (ez geç= ~think nothing about) Mez=(negativity suffix)=(ma-ez) =(No crush)=doesn't > es geç = skip (for the subtle voiced words) Tan= the dawn Tanımak= to recognize (~to get the differences of) (Tanı-ma-bas)= tanımaz= ~doesn't recognize (Tanı-et-ma-bas)= tanıtmaz= doesn't make it get recognized (Tanı-en-ma-bas)= tanınmaz= doesn't inform about oneself (doesn't get known by any) (Tanı-eş-ma-bas)= tanışmaz= doesn't get known each other Tanışmak= to get to know each other =(~to meet first time) Danışmak= to get information from each other Uç=~ top point (Uç-mak)= to fly (Uç-a-var)= Uçar=it flies (arrives at flying) (Uç-ma-bas)= uçmaz= doesn't fly (~gives up flying) (Uç-der-ma-bas)=(uçturmaz)=uçurmaz= doesnt fly it (doesn't make it fly) (Uç-eş-ma-bas)=uçuşmaz= doesn't (all)together fly (Uç-al-ma-bas)=uçulmaz= doesn't get being flied Su=water (Suv)=fluent-flowing (suvu)=Sıvı=fluid, liquid Suv-mak=~ to make it flow onwards/upward (>sıvamak) Suy-mak=~ to make it flow over Süv-mek=~ to make it flow inwards Sür-mek=~ to make it flow on something Suv-up =liquefied=(soup) Sür-up(shurup)=syrup Suruppah(chorba)=soup Suruppat(sherbet)=sorbet sharap=wine mashrubat=beverage (Süp-mek)=~ to make it flow outwards (süp-der-mek>süptürmek)>süpürmek=to sweep Say-mak=~ to make it flow one by one (from the mind) = ~ to count ~ to deem (sayı=number) (bilgisayar=computer) Söy-mek=~ to make it flow from the mind (Söy-le-mek= to make the sentences flowing through the mind =~to say, ~to tell ) Sev-mek=~ to make it flow from the mind (to the heart) = to love Söv-mek=~ call names (to say whatever's on own mind) Süy-mek=~ to make it flow from inside (süyüt) =Süt= milk Soy-mak=~ to make it flow over it/him/her ( to peel, ~to strip, ~to rob ) (Soy-en-mak)>soyunmak=to undress (Sıy-der-mak)>sıyırmak= skimming, ~skinning Siy-mek=~ to make it flow downwards =to pee Siyitik>Sidik= urine Süz-mek=~ to make it lightly flow from up to downwards (~to filter, strain out) Sez-mek=~ to make it lightly flow into the mind (~to perceive, to intuit) Sız-mak=~ to get flowed slightly/slowly (~to infiltrate) Sun-mak= to extend it forwards (presentation, exhibition, to serve up) Sün-mek=to expand reaching outwards (sünger=sponge) Sın-mak=to reach by extending upwards or forwards Sin-mek=to shrink (oneself) by getting down or back (to lurk, to hide onself) Sön-mek=to get decreased by getting out or in oneself (to be extinguished) Sağ-mak= ~ to make it's poured down (Sağanak=downpour) (sağ-en-mak)>sağınmak=~ to make oneself poured from thought into emotions (Sağn-mak)>San-mak= ~ to make it pour from thought to idea (to arrive at the idea) Sav-mak=~ to make it pour outwards (2.>put forward- set forth in) (sağan)=Sahan=the container to pour water (Sav-der-mak)>(savdurmak)> savurmak (Sav-der-al-mak)>(savurulmak)> savrulmak=to get scattered/driven away (Sav-en-mak)>savunmak=to defend (Sav-en-al-mak)>savunulmak=to get being defended (Sav-eş-mak)1.>savaşmak=to pour blood / to shed each other's blood (savaş= the war) 2.savuşmak=to get spilled around.(altogether-downright)=(sıvışmak=~running away in fear) (Sav-eş-der-mak)1.>savaştırmak=(~to make them fight each other)2.>savuşturmak =(ward off-fend off)
Pashtuns are subgroup of Iranic people's, although some claim to be descendents of Jews. And some other Pashtuns claims to be descendents of Alexander the Great. But we don't know about their language's origin yet.
@@cobaltbomba4310 You may not know but it is clearly documented. Pashtuns speak an Indo European language, not semitic. The jews have a fancy notion to call all sorts of people, the lost tribe of Dan or whatever. The Welsh have had the same treatment. You could read The Horse the Wheel and the Language for a history of Proto Indo European people. The Yamnaya culture is the origin of Germanic and Iranic cultures. Not only 'god knows' you can read books.
About the word "discos" - Slavs have a word "doska/deska" which means "plank" - plank is wooden flat surface just as desk in english. Thus root of word discos must have originated before Greeks split from other Indo-European languages and it must have meant something flat
In Germany Tisch> In Finnish Tiski= a platform from where things are sold in shops. There is an idiom in Finnish concerning black market:" To sell from under the "Tiski". When child i was curious looking when visiting the shop under there to see what was sold there. The same word means also washing the dishes in Finnish. "Tiskata"=the verb, those washables =Tiski. But we also have our original word for the platform, not so common, maybe Sami originated: "piitta"=the top in a boat, a plane there, or the long log in a house top keeping it steady. In the room above. Piitta is Fenno-Ugric. Tiski is Indo-European loan, Finnish of course is not an Indo-European, but one of the original languages of hunter-gatherers later pushed into North, as an indigenous language and a people as well.
At 29:38 sounds like he says that Tsakonian (Greek of the Dorians) is not found today, but if that is what he said, it is false. There is a Wiki article and of course other articles that refute this. From the Wiki article: "Tsakonian is found today in a group of mountain towns and villages slightly inland from the Argolic Gulf, ...." en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsakonian_language
Interesting. If I may make a suggestion, your emphasis on war, invasions and migrations as the means of language movement is not generally shared. You might consider trading networks as another possibility.
Dna evidence shows that war is far likelier. The studies have shown that the spread of these languages and their corresponding material culture follows a influx of almost exclusively male dna in the early bronze age and a near extinction of male lineages. Considering that Indo-European societies of the past are generally characterized by meritocratic warrior aristocraticies this seems by far the most likely interpretation
@@alexdunphy3716 Hi Alex, Thanks for that. There were more changes than one, as you will know. Of course the original movement of peoples is as you say. But later we had the first trade networks in Europe, one, at least, by the Beaker People. When you look at that you may downplay war as the only likely way of spreading language. My comment was merely a suggestion to widen our attention span.
Great video. It's also worth considering that, contrary to the either/or hypothesis, PIE was spoken on the shores 'surrounding' the Black Sea, and that the subsequent 'dispersal of the language(s)/migration of its speakers' was related to the catastrophic events associated with the 'Black Sea deluge hypothesis' of 7,500 year ago, when they would have lost their Urheimat. This might also explain why PIE radiated in all directions, north, south, east and west to eventually make IE as widespread as it is today. The either/or 'competitive nature' of the PIE debate might very well be doing a great disservice to the debate. The opposing, supposedly mutually exclusive theories would therefor both be valid.
In a tragic as also outrageous inaccuracy and carelesness, this video is repeatedly presenting the island of Kypros (Chypre, Zypern), just to the south of Asia Minor, with a line across. This is no linguistic border. Rather, it is the line of the turkish military invasion of July 1974, when turkish troops occupied about half of Kypros. But the video misleads on the true character of the situation, and presents military occupation disguised into something else. In fact, the video does that repeatedly. It seems to eguate changes of political borders as new linguistic borders.
I am always very interested in 'anamoly' populations that stand out or are forgotten, or ignored for political reasons ... interested in the Basques, the people of the Tarkean (sp) Basin, the Red-headed people of New Zealand, etc ... Interested in the times between times when everything was in flux ... And the DIFFERENCE between the spread of culture and language and DNA male and DNA female ...all that ... what are the best guesses, how people sorted themselves out from 60,000 BCE to 2,000 BCE in reference to all that stuff ... That's about all ... AAAARRRRGGG! I wish I'd had these internet easy resouces in 1968 when I could barely sleep from unsatisfied curiosity. Back when it was a home book collection if you had it ... Encyclopedia Britannica, the Public Libraries (both wonderful, not always accesible) or nothin' ...
Wrong ARYANS ORIGIN ARE INDIA 🇮🇳 80,000 YEARS ORIGIN OF R WHICH SPREAD OUT TO CENTRAL ASIA SIBERIA PARTS OF IRAN LATER MIDDLEEAST CAUCASUS AND DID TRADES TEMPORARILY STAYED IN STEPPES FOR TRADE. TRADE IS REAL REASON OF SILK ROUTE ARYANS (NATIVE OLDEST INDIAN) WENT TO TRADE WITH EURASIA THEN EUROPEAN AS SOME INDIA TAUGHT SPREAD INDIC SANSKRIT LANGUAGES WHICH SOUTH INDIAN ALSO ADOPTED WITH OTHER TAMIL WORDS. AUSTRALOID ABORIGINAL NEGROID FROM AFRICA AS MANY INDIANS TODAY ONLY CAME AS MIGRANTS FOREIGNERS MAINLY 1000 YEARS AGO AND SOME ABOUT 2000 LESS 3800 OR SO. THESE AUSTRALOID ABORIGINAL AND NEGROID AFRICAN MARRIED MANY CASES FORCED NATIVE INDIAN WOMEN AS THEIRS THATS HINDU POPULATION TODAY AS THEIR AUSTRALIA ABORIGINAL AND NEGROID AFRICAN ANCESTORS MIGRANTED TO SOUTH INDIA SOME FEW IN NORTH INDIA THEN MUCH LATER TO UPPER HALF ALSO
Since it's not the easiest subject to dig into, I think it would be helpful if there were concord between narration and pictures. The amazing map of Ollie Bye doesn't show the spread of the Indo-European language, but the horse? Wagon? Why is this? The Indo-European language cannot originate from Scythia - as the horse and wagon - since it arrives very late into Asia. It has to be much older. In other words, why that map - and perhaps narration combined with pictures? Thank you for an interesting video, nonetheless.
Usually the timing is wrong in this type considerations and with Egypt's history as well. The Pre-Flood History is difficult timing. It can be seen clearly in oldest monuments with its technology which has not been able to surpass even now.
And then...we have all the various Accents...such as yours. Some speakers of languages have such "thick" accents that they Border on Dialects, I think. Fascinating. Which relates to word and language evolution, I would say!
Nice Video, ty. Do you guys have something about Slavs and their origins? and maybe the early connections of their roots to Balts, Eastern Celts, Sarmatians and Scythians, and finally Thracians? There is a huge link between Balts and Thracians, i am very excited about that topic.
History of the World podcast as always it is a pleasure! I love your episodes and the way you break down some incredibly complex subject and present the facts! Excellent work!
Technical point of view why did this indo euro language became so influencial and spread. I heard they had horses, and had lactose tolerance or could digest milk pr something
Michael Caine sounds educated. (Pretty sure he is not formally educated.) The narrator does not. How does the narrator sound to an educated (college) UK person?
English is an Indo European language of the West Germanic branch. English milk, Tocharian malke, Latin mulgeo, Old Irish melg, Greek amelgo, Russian moloko and so forth. Linguistic, textual, genetic and archaeological evidence for the Out of India Theory of Indo European Languages Baghpat Chariots, Weapons and the Horse in the Harappan Civilization - Dr. BK Manjul ruclips.net/video/fZvKpjjTpgg/видео.html Findings from the latest genetic study conducted by ASI in collaboration with the Reich Lab at Harvard using ancient DNA from Rakhigarhi slides at 29:00 mark ruclips.net/video/Dio3Ep0nlv4/видео.html ruclips.net/video/n4WFk0iEK5k/видео.html ruclips.net/video/f0Lg1b_8N54/видео.html ruclips.net/video/-wIu3dUsmtY/видео.html Here are the tribes that spread the Indo European languages from South Asia to West Asia, Central Asia and to Europe Avestan) Afghanistan: Proto-Iranian: Sairima (Śimyu), Dahi (Dāsa). NE Afghanistan: Proto-Iranian: Nuristani/Piśācin (Viṣāṇin). Pakhtoonistan (NW Pakistan), South Afghanistan: Iranian: Pakhtoon/Pashtu (Paktha). Baluchistan (SW Pakistan), SE Iran: Iranian: Bolan/Baluchi (Bhalāna). NE Iran: Iranian: Parthian/Parthava (Pṛthu/Pārthava). SW Iran: Iranian: Parsua/Persian (Parśu/Parśava). NW Iran: Iranian: Madai/Mede (Madra). Uzbekistan: Iranian: Khiva/Khwarezmian (Śiva). W. Turkmenistan: Iranian: Dahae (Dāsa). Ukraine, S, Russia: Iranian: Alan (Alina), Sarmatian (Śimyu). Turkey: Thraco-Phrygian/Armenian: Phryge/Phrygian (Bhṛgu). Romania, Bulgaria: Thraco-Phrygian/Armenian: Dacian (Dāsa). Greece: Greek: Hellene (Alina). Albania: Albanian: Sirmio (Śimyu). Shrikant Gangadhar Talageri talageri.blogspot.com/2020/03/the-rigveda-and-aryan-theory-rational_27.html Five waves of Indo-European expansion: a preliminary model (2018) Igor A Tonoyan-Belyayev I. Tonoyan-Belyayev www.academia.edu/36998766/Five_waves_of_Indo-European_expansion_a_preliminary_model_2018_
One thing I dont understand in the video is the animation part of the language migrations and the helleno-armenin theory. Say if this language group existed (which it most likely did) and spread southward from ukraine/russia to the south caucasus, how did hellenic get to greece? It sounds more logical to assume the language migrated southwest to the balkans and from there through anatolia to the caucasus which is how armenian and greek would have split
So as languages spread from the Caucasus to Europe, what languages were known by people living there already? And what influence did those languages have on the descendents of indo-european languages? The animation in the video is great, showing how the spreading went but the rest of europe is drawn white/blank as if there was nothing but that can't be the case. Anyone?
And Basque/Aquitanian, Pelasgian, the Tyrsenians, Minoan, Iberian, North Picene. All of them non IE. Today, you have Basque, Hungarian, Finnish, Estonian, Maltese (though partly Italian), and Turkish.
and to answer to whomever said " no need to "cuck" I say yes "need to cuck" the nazi explanation is on topic, avoids ambiguity for those who don't know much about the subject and doesn't give the arsholes any margin to misuse the videos to justify bs, finally FWIW the choice of words by poster "no need to cuk" is a window into poster's beliefs
Even though the Indoeuropean languages spread far, I feel some nostalgia that they went extinct in Inner Asia and Anatolia. I don't mind having Turkic languages there, but I wish they would not be the only ones.
@@Crafty_Spirit yes ! The lost race! The Celts spread west to east but through anatolia from the steps! 🤣🤣🤣 hence the sense of humour. you can fire a stone from one equestrian centre to the next here but 'the his story' will never give credit. we stole a horse from the Arabs seemingly and this is where our horse pedigrees come from. The builders of the mounds here arrived on ships but then decided boats were obsolete and forgot about them for 3000 years till the england came and showed us the way. if it took 800 years it mus have been a powerful player but not a trace was left. two masters delivering a nation it's history. Rome and London. One is dead and the other fades away from Europe. Now we write our history! 😉
@@lallyoisin I've been to Ireland (I'm Swiss), absolutely adore the relaxed and friendly vibes there. Since you are so conscious about Celtic culture, do you know Dan Carlin's Celtic Holocaust? The image for the episode is marvellous
None of that is true: Mittani wasnt a language, it was the name of a indo-aryan tribe - Hittite language was Anatolian not Irano Aryan like modern kurdish - And median wasn't a language, it was the name of a region were many diffrent languages were spoken (one of them being a predecessor to modern kurdish languages).
@@M414-q6o Furthermore to add on, many scholars in Assyriology now suspect the Kurds aren't even descendants of the "Medes" we know. Especially given how the Medes were more a coalition of Iranic peoples in the area, not one sole ethnicity like say, the Elamites of old.
Spanish and Italian are more similar phonectically than Spanish and Portuguese but Spanish and Portuguese are more similar vocabulary wise than Spanish and Italian. Just saying.
Spanish took too many words during the renaissance (because of the royal conections and trade), first with aragon, then with the Spanish Empire in Naples, Sicily, Sardinia and Lombardy, maybe beacuse of trade is the reason the language become more and more italian like, just a theory. Iberian Spanish and Portuguese are very alike but european portuguese the accent is closer (like in slavic languages and Spanish open like italian), but both european varieties have very similar accents that i can identify as parts of the iberian accents, all of them share the SH sound in the S, and sound like people living in the mountains jeje, rhotic pronunciation and also the nh/ñ sound
I enjoy this video and have watched a couple of times, but I need help with a question on the discus discussion. These are loan words and cognates. How does the discussion clarify the loan words v evolution question? I thought the point was not to be misled by loan words when we are looking for common roots for languages? For example, septem and hepta, or chien and Hund have common PIE roots. Disque and Tisch and desco seem to be loan words + phonological evolution . What am I missing ?
that map shows indo europeans only having reached central europe by 2000BC and yet there are r1b l21 holders on raithlin island (one of the most westernmost parts of europe) by 2000BC. also i think germanic originated in scandinavia (and spread across europe with the destruction of the celts by the roman empire) and italic emerged on the italian peninsula, both due to isolation from the main indo european branch on the continent of europe which was celtic.
@Vajasrava Nachiketa It's widely known that Lithuanian represents a very old branch of the PIE tree, along with Sanskrit and Greek, but his maps didn't show any migration of proto-Lithuanians, unfortunately. They certainly weren't a part of the Celtic/Germanic group pushing west.
@R N You must be crazy...who told you that the modern Greeks have nothing to do with the ancient Greeks? You had an inspiration? Open your eyes damn you and stop bothering the Greeks www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/08/greeks-really-do-have-near-mythical-origins-ancient-dna-reveals Modern Greeks are more related to their ancestors the ancient Greeks than any other nation is related to their ancient ancestors...Did you hear me dude? Go catch a chicken now!🐓
@R N Haha yeah ancient Greeks looked like Bratt Pitt😂😂 DNA researchers from international institutions have already show the modern Greeks are the descendants from the ancient ones....that's why they still in the same place...speaking the same language. Why so jealous??
CHOSEN(COREA) language 🇰🇷 The Korean language has roots in Sanskrit, Dravida, English, and Latin. It has already been discovered by Korean linguists and etymologists.
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Discos greek word. Can we go further and see the real meaning of this world, maybe in sanskrit or another language. It looks like is formed from two verbs?
Not Anatolia ARMENIA,
Excellent pictures, very informative.
English Night Natë Albanian
God Zot
Every possible way.
It is a joke, show me the genetic mutations.
Our ancestors in Africa could have called their father, mother, water, ... Padar, moder, ... and so on.
This video is absolutely nonsense.
Anatolian theory is not "on the table" since the guy who invented it, Renfrew, has admitted he was wrong. the debate is over - the steppe was the homeland.
Вито Уланов Yes
Bla bla bla :))
sciphynuts the history and indoeuropean theories are a lie. The centre is complet kurdistan and kurdish language.
sciphynuts probablu you are right. But also the centre of sanskrit is kurdistan and kurdish. Vedian hinduist religions centre is kurdish and kurdistan. But probably skythians i think also are Kosaks!
He admitted he was wrong or they used academic politics to undermind his view so forcing him to admit it out of peer pressure, or did he admit it willfully? Well, anyways science goes based more on probability and not actuality. This is all reconstructive history, not the actual history and these scientists have limited information on the subject. Then I go by a Biblical perspective but I find that Anatolia or the Caucasus region wouldn't go against it. Though the Biblical perspective is that all humans on earth were united in Babel and spoke one language and then God said let Us (speaking to himself that singular yet plural) go down and confuse their languages. So then this sparked a migration and a division of the peoples. See according to the Bible all the survivors of the great flood settled in Mesopotamia and they spoke only one language because they are descendants of 4 households that only knew one language. So this is called the language of the bird's science when it was Christian probably would have wanted to know it, but science became atheistic.
Maybe that wasn't Nimrod who united them in Babel maybe he was after the division. It may have been Nimrod at first then the languages became divided.
Gen 10:8 Now Cush fathered Nimrod. He started to become mighty in the land. 9 He was a mighty hunter before Adonai. This is why it is said, “Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before Adonai.”10 The beginning of his kingdom included Babel, Erech, Accad and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.11 From that land he went out to Assyria and built Nineveh, Rechovot-ir, Calah12 and Resen, between Nineveh and Calah-it is the great city.
You said "the Indo-Europeans are a concept and not based on archeological discoveries". I think most people now consider the Yamnaya to be the Proto-Indo-Europeans and there are plenty of archeological records for those
I would be extremely careful about that. It is such a hazy topic with absolutely no contemporary evidence and purely based on speculation. I think we have to have completely open minds on this one.
@@historyoftheworldpodcast5234 it's not speculative. Many dna studies have shown that specific ethic groups and lineages spread out in the same times and patterns as particular related archaeological cultures as well as the Indo-European languages. The dna really put the nail in the coffin
@@alexdunphy3716 Languages don't have DNA.
@@historyoftheworldpodcast5234 do you actually think that's clever? Lol
@@historyoftheworldpodcast5234 when the spread of a set of language groups, which precisely correlates with the spread of a set of related material cultures, which both correlate precisely with the spread of a specific racial/ethic group and their descendants its basically proven. Saying "language doesn't have dna" in retort is as stupid saying "pots aren't people". Both originate from people
This is quite possibly my favorite episode that you have produced. I am in etymology addict! I fully have conversations with my high school students about understanding this exact concept, of understanding the origin of language but more greatly in the understanding of societies and if you will expressions and culture that comes down in mythology theology spirituality in our art in our musics in our ceremonies and customs. Thank you so much this was a great episode and thank you as well for the recommendation for the history of English podcast I’ve already signed up for that one as well. I’ve been subscribed for at least two if not three years to this group and all it produces. Thank you so much for another fantastic presentation for us to enjoy.
Wrong ARYANS ORIGIN ARE INDIA 🇮🇳 80,000 YEARS ORIGIN OF R WHICH SPREAD OUT TO CENTRAL ASIA SIBERIA PARTS OF IRAN LATER MIDDLEEAST CAUCASUS AND DID TRADES TEMPORARILY STAYED IN STEPPES FOR TRADE. TRADE IS REAL REASON OF SILK ROUTE ARYANS (NATIVE OLDEST INDIAN) WENT TO TRADE WITH EURASIA THEN EUROPEAN AS SOME INDIA TAUGHT SPREAD INDIC SANSKRIT LANGUAGES WHICH SOUTH INDIAN ALSO ADOPTED WITH OTHER TAMIL WORDS. AUSTRALOID ABORIGINAL NEGROID FROM AFRICA AS MANY INDIANS TODAY ONLY CAME AS MIGRANTS FOREIGNERS MAINLY 1000 YEARS AGO AND SOME ABOUT 2000 LESS 3800 OR SO. THESE AUSTRALOID ABORIGINAL AND NEGROID AFRICAN MARRIED MANY CASES FORCED NATIVE INDIAN WOMEN AS THEIRS THATS HINDU POPULATION TODAY AS THEIR AUSTRALIA ABORIGINAL AND NEGROID AFRICAN ANCESTORS MIGRANTED TO SOUTH INDIA SOME FEW IN NORTH INDIA THEN MUCH LATER TO UPPER HALF ALSO
Tip: Play at 1.25× speed
nice tip
I always play my videos at speed 2 anyways
1.5x is better
Thank you
2x the speed.
The Tocharians in China were Proto-European settlers. That is not a theory, mummies are strown throughout Tarim basin China of european mummies from 4000 years ago.They were also the first horse riders.
Yes, the Tocharians are commonly accepted in the Indo-European range.
It's still a Theory. No facts or hard evidence.
@@KennethGangte There are burial mounds in the Indo-europian fashon, funny how the government of China is planting trees on them so you could not see them.
Well you all will be sad to know that the Indo-European cultures of old are not the Indo-European of today.
Bye bye
@@KennethGangte Most certainly. I have not recently seen someone give an oath by cutting an animal in half and pooring its blood on a campfire.
I have always found the evolution of languages a fascinating subject, words being the living relics of our history, often without our knowing it. For instance, Chilean Spanish contains many native American words, but not, as you'd expect, Mapuche words, Mapuches being the dominant native nation here. Rather, they are Quechua words, from Peru, and this is linked to the way Chile was colonised, by Spaniards based in Peru, bringing with them many native helpers with them. Interestingly, these words are often related to babies (the word most often used here for "baby" is "guagua", traceable to Quechua) and food: the words for most foods of south American origin in Chile are from Quechua. For example the word for "avocado" here is not "aguacate" ( from the aztec language) but "palta", from Quechua. I imagine how this happened: native female helpers were obliged to help raising the children and making the food, and many of their words were incorporated into Chilean Spanish that way.
This is all Wrong ARYANS ORIGIN ARE INDIA 🇮🇳 80,000 YEARS ORIGIN OF R WHICH SPREAD OUT TO CENTRAL ASIA SIBERIA PARTS OF IRAN LATER MIDDLEEAST CAUCASUS AND DID TRADES TEMPORARILY STAYED IN STEPPES FOR TRADE. TRADE IS REAL REASON OF SILK ROUTE ARYANS (NATIVE OLDEST INDIAN) WENT TO TRADE WITH EURASIA THEN EUROPEAN AS SOME INDIA TAUGHT SPREAD INDIC SANSKRIT LANGUAGES WHICH SOUTH INDIAN ALSO ADOPTED WITH OTHER TAMIL WORDS. AUSTRALOID ABORIGINAL NEGROID FROM AFRICA AS MANY INDIANS TODAY ONLY CAME AS MIGRANTS FOREIGNERS MAINLY 1000 YEARS AGO AND SOME ABOUT 2000 LESS 3800 OR SO. THESE AUSTRALOID ABORIGINAL AND NEGROID AFRICAN MARRIED MANY CASES FORCED NATIVE INDIAN WOMEN AS THEIRS THATS HINDU POPULATION TODAY AS THEIR AUSTRALIA ABORIGINAL AND NEGROID AFRICAN ANCESTORS MIGRANTED TO SOUTH INDIA SOME FEW IN NORTH INDIA THEN MUCH LATER TO UPPER HALF ALSO
@@desihistory6252 indo aryan just means indian iranian. Say aryan and iranian out loud.
@@TheLowsofSolipsismo shit etymology teaches you that your point? try using genetics with it next time and aryan in Sanskrit means nobles priest caucasoid
Ignore trolls like this desi nationalist Modi worshipping Hindu fundamentalist know-nothing shouting above.
As the world grows more nationalistic in many places, propaganda becomes a substitute for truth and these sort of credulous cretins emerge from their hiding places… always to proclaim their own culture and country are (surprise!) the oldest and best, in part because their religious texts or oral traditions tell them so.
With almost 200 countries in the world, someone’s lying! Turns out all fundamentalists are full of it; we emerged from Africa long ago and the paths of those migrations are very complex and are only now being worked out in broad strokes by molecular geneticists.
28:42 slight mistake.
Kosovo does not speak a south Slavic language.
It speaks the Geg Dialect of Albanian.
true, thats just very wrong!
You mean Geg language, which is not completely mutually intelligible with the Tosk language, and is for political reason classified as ‘Albanian language’? Nice tactics, South Slavs should learn from you, that will make them much stronger.
@@gordonpi8674 Geg is an Albanian dialect just like Tosk, they are the 2 main dialects of Albanian that split the Albanian language in 5th century AD before the south slavs arrived.
@@gordonpi8674 nothing slavs to learn from Albanians as both tosk and gheg is Albanian, its just the way both languages was preserved to what makes them a little bit different to one another, the tosk dialect is different due to firstly being in a lot more contact with greeks and a lot more of a city based population so the language drifted away from geg. Geg dialect was maintained and isolated due to its inhabitants living in mountainous regions of north Albania, there was no such big cities like the south but mainly it was all villagers. Both are Albanian just drifted away from each other well before the ottomans
Kosovo je serbia
Indo-Europeans: It's free real state
We never been a muslim country and will never be. #Sumatra #Java #Bali #Indonesia Batak of Sumatra is similar to Batak Bulgaria East Europe Hindu wasn't a religion but region called indo, indus, hindia stretching all the way from Indonesia to East Europe, so Hindu didn't came from India, India is the only significant remaining. Indonesia means Indo Nesos, Indo islands. Indo Persian and Indo Europe is similar to Indonesia. Indonesia is center of world ancient civilization, exactly on the centre of Equator line of planet earth, lot older than ancient Egypt. Wonder why world still don't know about oldest ancient civilization of Indonesia before Toba supervolcano eruption 74000 years ago bigger than Yellowstone USA, resulted today Toba lake of Sumatra 100 kilometres wide, world's largest volcanic lake. Our Ancestors knew the eruption was going to happen so they relocated towards today Europe, Middle East, Africa and America. Native Americans are Indonesians as well.
the whole "Enigma" album 2015/16 "The Fall of A Rebel Angel" (feat. Anggun) is about me, Rizki Ferdian means Richard Light Bearer (Fer/Per/Ber is old indo word means to carry, to bear. Dian/Diana means Divine/Light). Aquarius, Age of Aquarius Aquarius Sun + Aquarius Moon Aries Ascendant = Man with Crown/Horn, misinterpreted by religious as Evil Lucifer. Capricorn: Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, Neptune, Midheaven Scorpio: Saturn, Mars, Pluto Sagittarius Uranus Gemini North Node, Sagittarius South Node Pisces: Lilith, Fortune Me, Wednesday (Day of Woden/Odin) 1 February 1984, GMT +7 (Indonesia), 9:36AM. Complete multiracial, multilingual. Living around the world since child alone on my own especially since Mother passed away with younger sister just after her birth, 6 November 1986, Mother was 27 years old (29 July 1959), I was 2,8 years old. I am a former muslim preacher in my teenage, no longer muslim, no longer religious, not into any religion, studied religions earlier than majority of people, that's why I am fluent in formal Arabic. 8 years The Netherlands and surrounding, fluent in Dutch, French, etc. And many other years many places. Religions are men made to control to enslave less knowing majority.
Religion = Region rely on legion
Yes
@@RIZFERD the fuck
@@RIZFERD and mongols is indonesians iranics from sumer migrated in siberia mongolia and back some tribein south east asia peoples from today's from sumer where they are now
@@RIZFERD brisik anjir
absolutely fantastic. How can one hear these great swaths of history without being blown away by the immensity of wisdom won and lost, the billions of souls who experienced the unfolding these manifold cultural nuancesand our present place in this panorama? An immensely powerful presentation. Thank you.
Yes, it’s mind blowing in its epic scale
Our present place is the myth of white supremacy, the latest iteration in the palatialist genocide against phenotypic pastoralists
Because phenotypic palatialists are bred parasites, they exist to feed on phenotypic pastoralists. Its in the blood
R.I.P Nick,thx for all the superb content.Your contribution to historical discourse will be your enduring legacy
I speak Persian which is the main language within Iranian languages and I definitely can see the similarities. Fascinating
Persian is a Serbian
ivanakurc ?
@@GGora old Persian is Serbian language, and Sanskrit
ivanakurc I’ll take a look. Had never heard of that.
@Behrad At Serbian is oldest language in the world
The narrator's voice reminds me of the voice of Michael Caine, with a bit heavier accent
John Muir Oxford English we learnt in school. So a speak ey and not i / ei.
Voice reminds me of American sportscaster, Howard Cosell. Only with a British accent.
Essex accent ?
You're right
John Muir, funny you should say that. Try and look up some videos of Michael Cane when he’s not doing his stage accent. His natural voice is super thick.
Albanian language isn't slavic, it's a direct descendant of Illyrian as mentioned by Ptolemy in 150AD he talked about a Illyrian tribe called "Albanoi" in today's albania
That was before Slavs migrated there. Much like how the Slavs who live in North Macedonia don’t speak the language of Phillip and Alexander but a Slavic language of the people who moved there in the early centuries of the new millennium
Not even 5 minutes in, surprisingly pleased with the lack of background music it helps to focus on what your saying and really absorb it imo
Good lecture. It's a complicated study and you made it quite understandable.
I'm from Northern Part of India. I speak Hindi an Indo-European language. I have personally found so many cognates of Hindi in English. First i thought this was coincidence but when i learnt how languages and people have evolved and migrated throughout the world i became so curious about our ancestors and their culture. Our ancestors migrated from steppes towards India and they got mixed with autochthonous people that resulted into present population. By the way, Great Video. But at the end of the day... We all are Africans.
Brother, the Aryan Invasion theory is totally fake...PIE thing is just a made up stuff by the west..U may know what I am saying.
@@britonsnazis1236 no its not , its just some biased news channels with political motive .
Abe mansik gulam.. Aryan log native north Indians hai na ki Europe se ai hue log. Aryan invasion theory is fake and constructed by brits to create the divid in India.
@@ryzensingh7801 but they didn't come from Europe, they from central Asia, according to the theory
@@aryapremlokre8401 don't believe theory want evidence.
This is great! I appreciate how a relatively slow delivery aids comprehension with a complex subject. The presentation would benefit greatly by addition of text overlays to show of significant syllable or spelling similarities, or a closed caption not automatically generated.
Slow speech is not a problem if the video can be sped up. But the long pauses between utterings is unbearable.
Wrong ARYANS ORIGIN ARE INDIA 🇮🇳 80,000 YEARS ORIGIN OF R WHICH SPREAD OUT TO CENTRAL ASIA SIBERIA PARTS OF IRAN LATER MIDDLEEAST CAUCASUS AND DID TRADES TEMPORARILY STAYED IN STEPPES FOR TRADE. TRADE IS REAL REASON OF SILK ROUTE ARYANS (NATIVE OLDEST INDIAN) WENT TO TRADE WITH EURASIA THEN EUROPEAN AS SOME INDIA TAUGHT SPREAD INDIC SANSKRIT LANGUAGES WHICH SOUTH INDIAN ALSO ADOPTED WITH OTHER TAMIL WORDS. AUSTRALOID ABORIGINAL NEGROID FROM AFRICA AS MANY INDIANS TODAY ONLY CAME AS MIGRANTS FOREIGNERS MAINLY 1000 YEARS AGO AND SOME ABOUT 2000 LESS 3800 OR SO. THESE AUSTRALOID ABORIGINAL AND NEGROID AFRICAN MARRIED MANY CASES FORCED NATIVE INDIAN WOMEN AS THEIRS THATS HINDU POPULATION TODAY AS THEIR AUSTRALIA ABORIGINAL AND NEGROID AFRICAN ANCESTORS MIGRANTED TO SOUTH INDIA SOME FEW IN NORTH INDIA THEN MUCH LATER TO UPPER HALF ALSO
not a good observation
also lets see how your 396K views do lol. People are so annoying where they have such egos that they believe they can do better, yet they have ZERO vids and ZERO views lol
I am an Indian. I read Sanskrit in school. We were taught ...Aryans who migrated to Indus Valley came from Middle Europe. But earliest civilzation dates back to Harappa and Mohenjodaro Civilization, before the migration of Aryans. Dravidian language flourished parallel to Sanskrit in the Southern Part of Indian Subcontinent. I will be delighted if you discuss Sankrit , its origin .
I'd love to. I don't think I'm any kind of authority to talk about Sanskrit though and I would need to make way for a linguistic expert.
@Harishankar Mishra thank you . Could you also share some information on the dates of Harappan Civilization and Aryan civilization ? That will be helpful.
I am attached to genetic research. Genetically the Aryans have more genotype of Indo Aryans than Dravidians. Whereas Dravidians have genotype similar to AfroAsians.
@Harishankar Mishra do we need binoculars to watch human migration ? The concept of pure breed does'nt hold true in these days. Apart from the Homo sepian sepian there existed many species of human. Like we have multiple species of cows and hen. Likewise, Mongoloid, African and Caucasian are three distinct phenotypes which are still predominately found. It's not western concept. In India we have research institues that are working on many biological facts. But you seem to have strong dislike on science.
@Harishankar Mishra absolutely. In that logic all living matters are formed of these basic components. However, physics , quantam physics, particle physics is yet to understand the basic functions of life or living organizations. I am also looking forward to biotechnology to create the first living cell, artificially. Science is evolving, we are discovering.
Strangely you mention " your scientists" ! Science can't be your and mine.
But, i enjoyed the discussions.
Gettae/ Jatt
Tisa river= Thyssagetae ( small getae)
Nistru river= Thyragetae ( big getae)
Mures river= Murash ( gift of God)
Thanks for sharing The History of the World Podcast! This is always great.
Thanks for showing an interest!
Well-done presentation of a fascinating subject. Thank you!
This was terrific and eye opening. Thank you so much for making these videos. I have subscribed to your channel, keep up the good work. Btw out of all the narrators you’re by far the best!
Thanks for subscribing, we appreciate your support!
Thank you!
Fun fact: The term "terrific" is from the root "terror", and was given it's current meaning by teen slang in the early twentieth century. Other words that changed meaning were "great", "crazy", "queer", "gay", and "dumb", among many others.
Thanks sincerely for this work. I am fascinated-excited to learn of this field of study as contrast with archeology, and will be sure to check out more, and the recommended podcast. I think a whole new "RUclips" could be concerned with discovering and play-acting comparative language history videos, though we'd probably have to begin with the swear words and other unpleasant cultural norms.
As to swear words, the word "fart" is of indo European origin... The word in Spanish is "pedo": notice the typical shift of p to f from romance to germanic languages, and also the typical shift of d to t. The same shifts are seen in the French word "pied", which is "foot" in English.
"Go forth and conquer as far as your eyes can see, my sons."
"Yes, Skyfather."
"We did it, Skyfather."
"I am proud of you, my sons."
We’ll see if you survive the Solar flare. Have fun with the radiation ☢️
@@marcusholbert2525 What solar flair?
@@marcusholbert2525 you mean the solar hurricane in 2025?
@@marcusholbert2525 or nuclear war?
@Hyper Borean Nice try
Ive listened to this epispde several times. I am fascinanted by linguistics and also love the History of the World podcast! Thank you for sharing your extensive knowledge with the rest of the world.
my favorite narrator on this channel. Love his voice and tone. Thanks for the video.
10:37 - Cimmerians appear. The age of Conan begins.
@BLUE DOG based
@BLUE DOG sounds like jealousy lol
Stephen Clark All hail Crom!!!!
Cimmerians , cimeroi , Cymmry , The, Welsh still call themselves Cymry one m has been dropped, they came from western Syria , there was no Celts in Britain only in northern Italy, an invention of Edward Llwyd , Von Bunsen said that Cymmraeg Welsh is the route of all European languages
Cymmeriams were kurdish tribes from kurdistan
PIE linguistics matches DNA testing.
Somewhat.
Chris Bishop Not true for example 60% ex Jugoslaven DNA is I2a and rest of slavic people R1a .🤔
Chris Bishop 7:09 Ilyyrian and Tracani are I2a😁Balkan is enigma ,you can learn more about on youTube for example check the "Stecci in Radmilja Bosnia and Hercegovina .My family's ancestor DNA is I2a
@@vesnanuspahic7510 I2a is a paleolithic pre indo-european haplogroup, that went from western scandinavian hunter gatherer populations (I1) to the northern Balkans at the peak of the last ice age. The same happened with the I2b from southern France and the Iberian peninsula.
The later haplogroup almost disappeared, replaced by the R1b indo-europeans, except for the island of Corsica, but in the northern and central Balkans I2a remained in the majority, although already mingled with the Mediterranean E1b1b (early neolithic farmers) and, later on, with the bronze age J2 and R1b.
R1a indo-europeans were the last to arrive in the Balkans, but somehow their language became dominant in the northern and central areas. The Hungarian case, in the Danube basin, is more enigmatic, since they don't even speak an indo-european language but an Ural-Altaic one, strongly related with Finnish, albeit Hungarians being genetically similar to their eastern Austrian and Slovenian, Croatian neighbors.
@@pedrocacela1885 Have you heard of the Ice Age and Vinca culture? European culture started in the south.
I live for this big picture overview stuff. Perspective!
The spread of Indo-European languages, especially Indo-Iranian in this video, is not true, because if you look at the BMAC culture, which was Indo-Iranian in origin and with widespread Indo-Iranian languages in Central Asia, it took place almost 4000 BC, based on an archaeological findings and artifacts that were discovered at the archaeological sites of Margiana-Bactria, but here it shows that in 1825 BC. Indo-Iranian languages have not reached the BMAC area.
ترکها هجوم اوردن
there is no such thing as indo european or indian european race or language such thing is made up term there was though euroasian race and mixture but no nothing in history as "indo" europeans concept
@Konstantin Trehagyrevopoulos
google is now changing history ! dangerous ,but your comment is mostly true
Note, the dutch pronounce V as F making the word much closer to its german or english counterpart than the written form suggests.
Congratulations, milord, for so illuminating and delightful a lecture! BRAVO! While my area of preference dwells in Ancient Mesopotamian history (with emphasis on Assyria), I have always been, also, completely addicted to linguistics, and language comparisons, given that I am fluent in four, semi-fluent in one, and can (by extrapolation) understand a sixth one - Italian. As such, this video touched every level and aspect of my intellectual curiosity and/or interests.
Thanks for making this complex relationship of languages understandable. Just one thing, though: some mention should have been made of the fact that they have one more fundamental similarity: the grammar. I know it's very hard to explain it in a video like this one, but just the words and pronunciation are not enough to be sure that a number of languages makes a family. The grammar is key.
Mak/Mek...(emek)=exertion /process
Der-mek= to set the layout by bringing together
Dar-mak= to bring about a new order by destroying the old
Dür-mek= to roll it up (to make it become a roll)
Dör-mek= to rotate on its axis ( törmek=old meaning)-(to stir it , to mix it(current meaning)
(döngü)törüş/törüv=tour (törüv-çi=turqui)(tör-geş=turkish)=tourist...(törük halk=mixed people in ownself)
Törü-mek=türemek= to get created a new order by joining each other
Töre=the order established over time= custom/tradition > (torah=sacred order) (tarih=history)
Törü-et-mek=türetmek= to create a new layout by adding them together= to derive
(Tör-en-mek)>dörünmek= to rotate oneself /(2. to turn by oneself)
(Dörn-mek)>Dönmek= to turn oneself
(Dön-der-mek)>döndürmek= to turn something
(Dön-eş-mek)>dönüşmek= to turn (altogether) to something
(Dön-eş-der-mek)>dönüştürmek= to convert/ to transform
simple wide tense
for positive sentences
Var-mak= to arrive (for the thick voiced words) (positive suffixes)=(Ar-ır-ur)
Er-mek= to get (at) (for the subtle voiced words) (positive suffixes)=(Er-ir-ür)
for negative sentences
Ma=not
Bas-mak= to dwell on /tread on (bas git= ~leave and go)
Maz=(negativity suffix)=(ma-bas) =(No pass)=Na pas=not to dwell on > vaz geç= give up (for the thick voiced words)
Ez-mek= to crush (ez geç= ~think nothing about)
Mez=(negativity suffix)=(ma-ez) =(No crush)=doesn't > es geç = skip (for the subtle voiced words)
Tan= the dawn
Tanımak= to recognize (~to get the differences of)
(Tanı-ma-bas)= tanımaz= ~doesn't recognize
(Tanı-et-ma-bas)= tanıtmaz= doesn't make it get recognized
(Tanı-en-ma-bas)= tanınmaz= doesn't inform about oneself (doesn't get known by any)
(Tanı-eş-ma-bas)= tanışmaz= doesn't get known each other
Tanışmak= to get to know each other =(~to meet first time)
Danışmak= to get information from each other
Uç=~ top point
(Uç-mak)= to fly
(Uç-a-var)= Uçar=it flies (arrives at flying)
(Uç-ma-bas)= uçmaz= doesn't fly (~gives up flying)
(Uç-der-ma-bas)=(uçturmaz)=uçurmaz= doesnt fly it (doesn't make it fly)
(Uç-eş-ma-bas)=uçuşmaz= doesn't (all)together fly
(Uç-al-ma-bas)=uçulmaz= doesn't get being flied
Su=water (Suv)=fluent-flowing (suvu)=Sıvı=fluid, liquid
Suv-mak=~ to make it flow onwards/upward (>sıvamak)
Suy-mak=~ to make it flow over
Süv-mek=~ to make it flow inwards
Sür-mek=~ to make it flow on something
Suv-up =liquefied=(soup)
Sür-up(shurup)=syrup Suruppah(chorba)=soup Suruppat(sherbet)=sorbet sharap=wine mashrubat=beverage
(Süp-mek)=~ to make it flow outwards
(süp-der-mek>süptürmek)>süpürmek=to sweep
Say-mak=~ to make it flow one by one (from the mind) = ~ to count ~ to deem (sayı=number) (bilgisayar=computer)
Söy-mek=~ to make it flow from the mind (Söy-le-mek= to make the sentences flowing through the mind =~to say, ~to tell )
Sev-mek=~ to make it flow from the mind (to the heart) = to love
Söv-mek=~ call names (to say whatever's on own mind)
Süy-mek=~ to make it flow from inside (süyüt) =Süt= milk
Soy-mak=~ to make it flow over it/him/her ( to peel, ~to strip, ~to rob ) (Soy-en-mak)>soyunmak=to undress
(Sıy-der-mak)>sıyırmak= skimming, ~skinning
Siy-mek=~ to make it flow downwards =to pee Siyitik>Sidik= urine
Süz-mek=~ to make it lightly flow from up to downwards (~to filter, strain out)
Sez-mek=~ to make it lightly flow into the mind (~to perceive, to intuit)
Sız-mak=~ to get flowed slightly/slowly (~to infiltrate)
Sun-mak= to extend it forwards (presentation, exhibition, to serve up)
Sün-mek=to expand reaching outwards (sünger=sponge)
Sın-mak=to reach by extending upwards or forwards
Sin-mek=to shrink (oneself) by getting down or back (to lurk, to hide onself)
Sön-mek=to get decreased by getting out or in oneself (to be extinguished)
Sağ-mak= ~ to make it's poured down (Sağanak=downpour)
(sağ-en-mak)>sağınmak=~ to make oneself poured from thought into emotions
(Sağn-mak)>San-mak= ~ to make it pour from thought to idea (to arrive at the idea)
Sav-mak=~ to make it pour outwards (2.>put forward- set forth in) (sağan)=Sahan=the container to pour water
(Sav-der-mak)>(savdurmak)> savurmak (Sav-der-al-mak)>(savurulmak)> savrulmak=to get scattered/driven away
(Sav-en-mak)>savunmak=to defend (Sav-en-al-mak)>savunulmak=to get being defended
(Sav-eş-mak)1.>savaşmak=to pour blood / to shed each other's blood (savaş= the war)
2.savuşmak=to get spilled around.(altogether-downright)=(sıvışmak=~running away in fear)
In the future, linguists will see that two words "seridad" and "secuity" coexsted in 21st century spanish. They will know which morphed from the latin securitas to spanish and which one jumped from english as a loan word on a bouncers shirt.
"Eye Opening" Excellent presentation ! Explains a lot !! Thank you !
I can't get enough of this stuff. The freaky geek channel.
Cryptic Conversions when you can check out his Podcast! Phenomenal! It’s called The History of the World Podcast!
@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 Sounds great!
Your vids are getting better 💯☝️
kudos 🥇👏 it's appreciated 👍
I agree in that sh sound is a 'softening' of s+k (s+c), but [d] changing to [t] isn't softening, but HARDENING.
This is so especially so in the Germanic languages, where the t sound is aspirated (has a h-like puff after it). It's a tenuis sound versus d being a lenis sound: meaning the t tkes more effort from the speech muscles.
Though I know English speakers perceive the d sound as harder. Don't know the reason: maybe because producing voice during the stop sounds is bigger effort for the whole sound producing. It's mentally harder maybe. Because for the use of muscles, the voiceless stops: t, k & p are made with more muscle force than the corresponding voiced stops d, g (hard sound) & b. Same with the affricates ch (voiceless) & j (voiced), which English speakers often see as individual sounds and even stops, though ch sound is formed by t+sh, just the t is released through sh, not the aspiration of t (+h sound). Though some dialects same them very close, so 'tea' by some British speakers sounds close to 'chea', or 'tsea' (spelled tzea also).
You can notice the stop softening in American English, where t (tt) between
vowels and after some soft (voiced) consonants is softened to d, or more like a flap sound which is voiced, and closest to d or all the consonants, just not quite the same: water, shout out, wanting, Bertie - Walter? Do you hear a difference in the AmE in wriTer and riDer? Does rider have a longer i sound (actually for most Americans in /i/ there's a diphthong, combination of 2 sounds), is that it?
So from what I understand about language change and how it is usually talked about is that the change from a [d] to a [t] sound is rarely described in terms of softening/hardening but rather in terms of voicing. Basically [t] and [d] are both pronounced in the Alveolar region of your mouth and are stops, which means they are pronounced by stopping airflow temporarily before releasing it. The difference between the two is that [d] is pronounced while engaging your vocal cords and [t] is pronounced without use of vocal cords. In English we also aspirate the [t] but not every language does this (for example Latin) and is not the key differentiator between the two sounds. So such a change would be described as [d] devoicing to [t] rather than softening. Softening is, at least in my limited understanding, used to refer when sounds change to "weaker" sounds from different regions or disappear altogether. Your [t] to the alveolar tap (which English doesn't have a letter for but is kind of a weaker [r] sound) is a good one. Another common one is when [h] disappears from languages which has happened word initially in many British languages in words like hour, house, etc. That it usually what I've heard softening refer to. Sounds changes between [t] and [d] which are only separated by their voicing are described as voicing and devoicing.
The differece of the Germanic languages from the other Indo-European languages could come from the fact that there was an older population there, which adapted the Indo-European languages, but with effects of their previous languages. This is backed up by the genetics, because the Northern Germanic people have a paternal haplotype (y-chromosome genes), which is different than what most of Europe has - it's an older European stock. It's also different than what the neighbouring Finnic (Finns, Estonians etc.) people have in the east of Scandinavia, the indigenous people of North-Eastern Europe before the Russians spread to most of that area.
A close variant to that Scandinavian haplogroup is found in the (Western) Balkans. Some of the Southern Balkan Slavic languages share a cmmon feature with the Scandinavian languages, namely that there's no definite article, but a suffix (ending) meaning the same.
Germans are the Master Race.
@@bartholomewlutzuk Funny theory, when they are a very mixed race. And there is their strength.
But a master race... Yeah, like everybody else. Only thing wrong in that thinking is trying to rule over other people who are not considered part of them.
Germans tried that. Managed to pull it off for a bit over 5 years. And got their just reward after that. Bullies deserve to get bullied.
But modern Germans are mostly different. Appreciating other people too.
@@timomastosalo You wouldn't think so considering the Germans that I have met. I, ve never visited Germany but I have met Germans on my travels to various countries and many were arrogant exuding a sense of superiority. BTW my wife's father was German and there lies the bias.
@@bartholomewlutzuk I've met Germans. Most not exuding a sense of superiority. I've seen one broke down apologizing Jews what her father's generation did in the WWII era.
But they are versatile, innovative (especially in problem solving, like tech), and tough, sporty - yet some more like happy eaters, enjoying the sensual pleasures. So there's many type of Germans - which is no wonder, because they are in the middle of Europe, surrounded by so many cutures.
And because they were long divided into many nations, there are also regional differences. Plus the North is Protestant & less religious (which doesn't mean there's less people believing in God there), the South Catholic.
the dominant Y-chromosone in scandinavia is a variant of R, but we've also got l1 which is interesting.
Considering the similarities of the Greeks and Italians, which share the same cluster 37-40% , based on the evidence of the Greek and Roman world we see they are both from the same tree , but on different branches, but from one root .
And this same root is Rascian (Etrurian), aka Serbian.
@@nadadragojevic3213 no and no
Nada Dragojevic rascia...doesn’t really add up but ok
@@nadadragojevic3213 "serbians" crossed the danube in the 7th century🤡
@@denicreations3438 Yes, some of our ancestors crossed the Danuabe, but some have been already in the Balkans.
I for one am glad you couldn't constrain yourself. A very interesting lecture with a nice thought at the the end. Thank you for this wonderful content.
Thank you.
Great presentation, I've been recently interested in this rare topic, thank you for that. Also, I like your video vs. audio narrative, well done, Sir. Peace
Another great lecture! Thank you 🙏🏼
The Indo-Europeans come from the lands now submerged under the Black sea. They were forced to migrate from their lands when the Mediterranean broke through and, about 10,000 years ago, flooded the lowlands that were their ancestral home. They were thus required to adopt and adapt to a peripatetic lifestyle or die out. They adapted exceedingly well, obviously, and through migration and conquest ended up in all the places we find them now. The world was shaped differently in the past but that fact is never considered in this discussion.
The Black Sea was dug by the Ukrainians with shovels. It's time to know this already ...
@@Кипящийразум Ukraina is nonsense
@@omoikaneru Crimean fishermen, caught an ancient shovel, it had an inscription in Ukrainian, " tired of digging"
@@Кипящийразум "A little humor, my dear Zilkov, always with a little humor." from "The Manchurian Candidate" 1962 US film
Excellent, detailed, authentic.
Very interesting! Although, I like the relations between different language families, I always found comparative linguistics to be quite boring but you explained it in a very interesting manner. :)
Thanks a lot Jib!
As a sidecomment the relationship between proto-Celtic and proto-Italic languages cannot be understated. The Etruscans and other proto-Italic cultures could understand the Celts. These languages where so interchangeable that there is an annecdote about Iulius Caesar being able to read the "coded" Celtic military message that his scouts intercepted during the Gallic-Roman wars -- and this 9 to 10 centuries later after cultures diverged.
@Rodney James Watched an earlier Documentary that touched on that empire, so rarely mentioned.
That's because they were the same people just as the Hebrews had many tribes but unified under one and also Native American confederation could communicate with each other. Just as Arabic and the Jewish language are related . Spanish and Italians language are related. This is because thousands of years of the African, kushite, Egyptian, phonecian, migration into Europa. Africans now and back then new how to speak many languages. If you just new 3 old languages you would be able to to speak to people from Africa to Isreal to Spain to France to Scotland to England to the Americas extra.
The Etruscans weren't Indo European though.
Edit: Not that the Etruscans couldn't communicate with the Celts or Italics, as they traded often. Just that the Etruscan language wasn't Indo-European.
The Etruscan are pre-Italic.
konni atlantan lusiberian language dates by radio carbon tested back to 12.000 years greek and then latin emerged from that eloim eloim father father , gods language , the mother of all languages
Does the title really need "(Excellent Presentation)"?
TOOTING THEIR OWN DENTED HORNS.
I think it's a series on the channel. in any case, it isn't untrue.
@@zitools Yeah, I don't think the podcast was made by the channel; they're probably tooting the creator's horn.
@@katawaya8101 wait I was thinking that the tag (excellent presentation) is like a series, or rather, playlist of tag on the channel. but i think youre right. for me it doesnt matter who created it, im just here for the story.
@@diogenedegand1069 wait. how can you download a video from youtubes?
The comment section has brought out all the ethnocentrists.
Not all of them , only one who is a universalist who resereced these tribes places and language for nearly 30 years and the last 4 years on just the migrating of these African tribes in to Europa. Canada and the Americas, without a shadow of a dought they were a mixture of African, Ethiopian, phonecian, Jews who made up the many tribes coming together as one. Evey statue and real artifacts coming form those regions at that time period were African people and that's a fact . This was a great documentary I just don't like when people are completely blind of historical truth's do to a higher racist agenda perpetuating deception to all the masses in turn we got people thinking they are everything that thay are not and I am someone that I'm not. Masters of role reversal. I'm not hear to fight with people over me stating African people brought languages dress, food and culture everywhere up in Europa. I get called names but not one rebuttal on an intalectual level over what I said. That is racist and ignorant when just the sound of a African people in a discussion makes you call them crazy without having any knowledge of the topic at hand
Ethno-centrists are the only ones who really appreciate diversity.
@@watermelonlalala is that a joke?
@@peterk.9571 No, it's the truth.
@@watermelonlalala *sighs* so, for my own amusement, what dumb ideology do you believe in? Are you an Afrocentrist? An Indocentrist? Or maybe are you one of the worst of them all, a White Nationalist?
from PERSIA ArmeniA with Passion
how did Hellenic that was with Armenian-Hellenic group in Caucasus, immediately appears in the Balkans, but not where is Greece, but where is Thrace..How so?
Love it !!! Amazingly interesting info. Many thanks
Love this, thank you!
Word for God in Albanian is ZOT! Zo, za, zë means voice/sound in Albanian, to me it is no coincidense that Ze, zot come from Zeus, and zeus from Ze/za/zo which means sound, considering zeus was god of thunder!
anothe mythological Albanian superpower figure is ZANA which has possesive powers also with her voice and lives in the woods!
Maybe there is the echo of the Creator God of Bible, who created the world by his Word , vibrational information,(= Holy Spirit hovering over the sea in creation) and He also keeps the whole World, Creation going all the time by His Word (=Jesus). Zooe means life in Greece, if I remember right, or sg like that anyway. Zoo comes from it.
Zeus derives from Dieus, Da, Deu (theo) not zot. Maybe zot is also derived from Deus.
@@jurmanjiojurmancki5929 Dieus is in Finnish in form "Taivas"meaning "Heaven".
Danth from India some how got to Germanic as tanth and moved to English as teeth. It also became dens in Latin, on to dents in French and denture in English.
Not just danth (teeth) but haath (hand), pa (feet, pied), muh/mukh (mouth), nak (nose) and in Bengali we say kapal for forehead which I wonder if it's close to Greek kefal. And osthi (bone in anatomy) too, which is close to ostheo..
@@Mrityormokshiya and then there's the word "brother"
Those words didn’t *come from* India. The whole point is that there was an original shared language long before the indo-Europeans showed up in (most of) Europe and in India.
@@peterfireflylund the Indian word is closer to the source than the divergent teeth and denture. It is not likely that they converged to danth.
Casian D'souza it’s “tand” in Danish, another Germanic language. English is really, really weird and it would be dumb to draw too many conclusions based on such a weird language. Oh, btw, the aryan invasion happened. We have DNA studies, too, on top of linguistics and archeology.
Just a note: The Pashtuns in Afghanistan, were known as Afghan which means Horsemen, Cavalry, Horse breeders. Interestingly their main Haplogroup is R1a, same as Germans and Slavs. So the language was not just passed on as a Lingua France of the ancient world, it was the mother tongue. Which is incidentally where the Pashtun/Hebrew theory unravels a little bit more.
Mak/Mek...(emek)=exertion /process
Der-mek= to set the layout by bringing together
Dar-mak= to bring about a new order by destroying the old
Dür-mek= to roll it up (to make it become a roll)
Dör-mek= to rotate on its axis ( törmek=old meaning)-(to stir it , to mix it(current meaning)
(döngü)törüş/törüv=tour (törüv-çi=turqui)(tör-geş=turkish)=tourist...(törük halk=mixed people in ownself)
Törü-mek=türemek= to get created a new order by joining each other
Töre=the order established over time= custom/tradition > (torah=sacred order) (tarih=history)
Törü-et-mek=türetmek= to create a new layout by adding them together= to derive
(Tör-en-mek)>dörünmek= to rotate oneself /(2. to turn by oneself)
(Dörn-mek)>Dönmek= to turn oneself
(Dön-der-mek)>döndürmek= to turn something
(Dön-eş-mek)>dönüşmek= to turn (altogether) to something
(Dön-eş-der-mek)>dönüştürmek= to convert/ to transform
simple wide tense
for positive sentences
Var-mak= to arrive (for the thick voiced words) (positive suffixes)=(Ar-ır-ur)
Er-mek= to get (at) (for the subtle voiced words) (positive suffixes)=(Er-ir-ür)
for negative sentences
Ma=not
Bas-mak= to dwell on /tread on (bas git= ~leave and go)
Maz=(negativity suffix)=(ma-bas) =(No pass)=Na pas=not to dwell on > vaz geç= give up (for the thick voiced words)
Ez-mek= to crush (ez geç= ~think nothing about)
Mez=(negativity suffix)=(ma-ez) =(No crush)=doesn't > es geç = skip (for the subtle voiced words)
Tan= the dawn
Tanımak= to recognize (~to get the differences of)
(Tanı-ma-bas)= tanımaz= ~doesn't recognize
(Tanı-et-ma-bas)= tanıtmaz= doesn't make it get recognized
(Tanı-en-ma-bas)= tanınmaz= doesn't inform about oneself (doesn't get known by any)
(Tanı-eş-ma-bas)= tanışmaz= doesn't get known each other
Tanışmak= to get to know each other =(~to meet first time)
Danışmak= to get information from each other
Uç=~ top point
(Uç-mak)= to fly
(Uç-a-var)= Uçar=it flies (arrives at flying)
(Uç-ma-bas)= uçmaz= doesn't fly (~gives up flying)
(Uç-der-ma-bas)=(uçturmaz)=uçurmaz= doesnt fly it (doesn't make it fly)
(Uç-eş-ma-bas)=uçuşmaz= doesn't (all)together fly
(Uç-al-ma-bas)=uçulmaz= doesn't get being flied
Su=water (Suv)=fluent-flowing (suvu)=Sıvı=fluid, liquid
Suv-mak=~ to make it flow onwards/upward (>sıvamak)
Suy-mak=~ to make it flow over
Süv-mek=~ to make it flow inwards
Sür-mek=~ to make it flow on something
Suv-up =liquefied=(soup)
Sür-up(shurup)=syrup Suruppah(chorba)=soup Suruppat(sherbet)=sorbet sharap=wine mashrubat=beverage
(Süp-mek)=~ to make it flow outwards
(süp-der-mek>süptürmek)>süpürmek=to sweep
Say-mak=~ to make it flow one by one (from the mind) = ~ to count ~ to deem (sayı=number) (bilgisayar=computer)
Söy-mek=~ to make it flow from the mind (Söy-le-mek= to make the sentences flowing through the mind =~to say, ~to tell )
Sev-mek=~ to make it flow from the mind (to the heart) = to love
Söv-mek=~ call names (to say whatever's on own mind)
Süy-mek=~ to make it flow from inside (süyüt) =Süt= milk
Soy-mak=~ to make it flow over it/him/her ( to peel, ~to strip, ~to rob ) (Soy-en-mak)>soyunmak=to undress
(Sıy-der-mak)>sıyırmak= skimming, ~skinning
Siy-mek=~ to make it flow downwards =to pee Siyitik>Sidik= urine
Süz-mek=~ to make it lightly flow from up to downwards (~to filter, strain out)
Sez-mek=~ to make it lightly flow into the mind (~to perceive, to intuit)
Sız-mak=~ to get flowed slightly/slowly (~to infiltrate)
Sun-mak= to extend it forwards (presentation, exhibition, to serve up)
Sün-mek=to expand reaching outwards (sünger=sponge)
Sın-mak=to reach by extending upwards or forwards
Sin-mek=to shrink (oneself) by getting down or back (to lurk, to hide onself)
Sön-mek=to get decreased by getting out or in oneself (to be extinguished)
Sağ-mak= ~ to make it's poured down (Sağanak=downpour)
(sağ-en-mak)>sağınmak=~ to make oneself poured from thought into emotions
(Sağn-mak)>San-mak= ~ to make it pour from thought to idea (to arrive at the idea)
Sav-mak=~ to make it pour outwards (2.>put forward- set forth in) (sağan)=Sahan=the container to pour water
(Sav-der-mak)>(savdurmak)> savurmak (Sav-der-al-mak)>(savurulmak)> savrulmak=to get scattered/driven away
(Sav-en-mak)>savunmak=to defend (Sav-en-al-mak)>savunulmak=to get being defended
(Sav-eş-mak)1.>savaşmak=to pour blood / to shed each other's blood (savaş= the war)
2.savuşmak=to get spilled around.(altogether-downright)=(sıvışmak=~running away in fear)
(Sav-eş-der-mak)1.>savaştırmak=(~to make them fight each other)2.>savuşturmak =(ward off-fend off)
@@Abeturk What is your point?
Pashtuns are subgroup of Iranic people's, although some claim to be descendents of Jews. And some other Pashtuns claims to be descendents of Alexander the Great. But we don't know about their language's origin yet.
@@cobaltbomba4310 You may not know but it is clearly documented. Pashtuns speak an Indo European language, not semitic. The jews have a fancy notion to call all sorts of people, the lost tribe of Dan or whatever. The Welsh have had the same treatment. You could read The Horse the Wheel and the Language for a history of Proto Indo European people. The Yamnaya culture is the origin of Germanic and Iranic cultures. Not only 'god knows' you can read books.
How old is pashto?
About the word "discos" - Slavs have a word "doska/deska" which means "plank" - plank is wooden flat surface just as desk in english. Thus root of word discos must have originated before Greeks split from other Indo-European languages and it must have meant something flat
In Germany Tisch> In Finnish Tiski= a platform from where things are sold in shops. There is an idiom in Finnish concerning black market:" To sell from under the "Tiski". When child i was curious looking when visiting the shop under there to see what was sold there. The same word means also washing the dishes in Finnish. "Tiskata"=the verb, those washables =Tiski. But we also have our original word for the platform, not so common, maybe Sami originated: "piitta"=the top in a boat, a plane there, or the long log in a house top keeping it steady. In the room above. Piitta is Fenno-Ugric. Tiski is Indo-European loan, Finnish of course is not an Indo-European, but one of the original languages of hunter-gatherers later pushed into North, as an indigenous language and a people as well.
At 29:38 sounds like he says that Tsakonian (Greek of the Dorians) is not found today, but if that is what he said, it is false. There is a Wiki article and of course other articles that refute this. From the Wiki article: "Tsakonian is found today in a group of mountain towns and villages slightly inland from the Argolic Gulf, ...." en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsakonian_language
Interesting. If I may make a suggestion, your emphasis on war, invasions and migrations as the means of language movement is not generally shared. You might consider trading networks as another possibility.
Yes, I believe so!
Dna evidence shows that war is far likelier. The studies have shown that the spread of these languages and their corresponding material culture follows a influx of almost exclusively male dna in the early bronze age and a near extinction of male lineages. Considering that Indo-European societies of the past are generally characterized by meritocratic warrior aristocraticies this seems by far the most likely interpretation
@@alexdunphy3716 Hi Alex, Thanks for that. There were more changes than one, as you will know. Of course the original movement of peoples is as you say. But later we had the first trade networks in Europe, one, at least, by the Beaker People. When you look at that you may downplay war as the only likely way of spreading language. My comment was merely a suggestion to widen our attention span.
Great video. It's also worth considering that, contrary to the either/or hypothesis, PIE was spoken on the shores 'surrounding' the Black Sea, and that the subsequent 'dispersal of the language(s)/migration of its speakers' was related to the catastrophic events associated with the 'Black Sea deluge hypothesis' of 7,500 year ago, when they would have lost their Urheimat. This might also explain why PIE radiated in all directions, north, south, east and west to eventually make IE as widespread as it is today. The either/or 'competitive nature' of the PIE debate might very well be doing a great disservice to the debate. The opposing, supposedly mutually exclusive theories would therefor both be valid.
THAT IS A BULSHIT LIKE THE ONE HITLER BE A ARIAN WITH A AFRICAN Y HAPLOGROUP HA HA HA HA camon guys think
Intriguing, some neat thinking.
In a tragic as also outrageous inaccuracy and carelesness, this video is repeatedly presenting the island of Kypros (Chypre, Zypern), just to the south of Asia Minor, with a line across. This is no linguistic border. Rather, it is the line of the turkish military invasion of July 1974, when turkish troops occupied about half of Kypros. But the video misleads on the true character of the situation, and presents military occupation disguised into something else.
In fact, the video does that repeatedly. It seems to eguate changes of political borders as new linguistic borders.
Gamw teen tourkia. All my niggas hate turkey
If you see the map at 1:20 there is a country named Turkey,from that you can understand the accuracy of the video
panagiotis douvris proud to be TURK 🇹🇷. Ready to kick Turk haters as always.
Such a satisfying presentation.... thorough, efficient and elegant.
This video was amazing and had so much good information in it. Thank you so much for sharing! 😁😁😁😁
I am always very interested in 'anamoly' populations that stand out or are forgotten, or ignored for political reasons ... interested in the Basques, the people of the Tarkean (sp) Basin, the Red-headed people of New Zealand, etc ...
Interested in the times between times when everything was in flux ...
And the DIFFERENCE between the spread of culture and language and DNA male and DNA female ...all that ... what are the best guesses, how people sorted themselves out from 60,000 BCE to 2,000 BCE in reference to all that stuff ...
That's about all ...
AAAARRRRGGG! I wish I'd had these internet easy resouces in 1968 when I could barely sleep from unsatisfied curiosity. Back when it was a home book collection if you had it ... Encyclopedia Britannica, the Public Libraries (both wonderful, not always accesible) or nothin' ...
Wrong ARYANS ORIGIN ARE INDIA 🇮🇳 80,000 YEARS ORIGIN OF R WHICH SPREAD OUT TO CENTRAL ASIA SIBERIA PARTS OF IRAN LATER MIDDLEEAST CAUCASUS AND DID TRADES TEMPORARILY STAYED IN STEPPES FOR TRADE. TRADE IS REAL REASON OF SILK ROUTE ARYANS (NATIVE OLDEST INDIAN) WENT TO TRADE WITH EURASIA THEN EUROPEAN AS SOME INDIA TAUGHT SPREAD INDIC SANSKRIT LANGUAGES WHICH SOUTH INDIAN ALSO ADOPTED WITH OTHER TAMIL WORDS. AUSTRALOID ABORIGINAL NEGROID FROM AFRICA AS MANY INDIANS TODAY ONLY CAME AS MIGRANTS FOREIGNERS MAINLY 1000 YEARS AGO AND SOME ABOUT 2000 LESS 3800 OR SO. THESE AUSTRALOID ABORIGINAL AND NEGROID AFRICAN MARRIED MANY CASES FORCED NATIVE INDIAN WOMEN AS THEIRS THATS HINDU POPULATION TODAY AS THEIR AUSTRALIA ABORIGINAL AND NEGROID AFRICAN ANCESTORS MIGRANTED TO SOUTH INDIA SOME FEW IN NORTH INDIA THEN MUCH LATER TO UPPER HALF ALSO
Since it's not the easiest subject to dig into, I think it would be helpful if there were concord between narration and pictures. The amazing map of Ollie Bye doesn't show the spread of the Indo-European language, but the horse? Wagon? Why is this? The Indo-European language cannot originate from Scythia - as the horse and wagon - since it arrives very late into Asia. It has to be much older. In other words, why that map - and perhaps narration combined with pictures?
Thank you for an interesting video, nonetheless.
Usually the timing is wrong in this type considerations and with Egypt's history as well. The Pre-Flood History is difficult timing. It can be seen clearly in oldest monuments with its technology which has not been able to surpass even now.
And then...we have all the various Accents...such as yours. Some speakers of languages have such "thick" accents that they Border on Dialects, I think. Fascinating. Which relates to word and language evolution, I would say!
Nick Ames no it’s just that they speak a dialect.
When you call something an "accent", you most likely mean a dialect.
About the History of English podcast, thank you for the recommendation!
This is my new favorite channel
Nice Video, ty. Do you guys have something about Slavs and their origins? and maybe the early connections of their roots to Balts, Eastern Celts, Sarmatians and Scythians, and finally Thracians? There is a huge link between Balts and Thracians, i am very excited about that topic.
Fantastic presentation Nick! Some beautiful imagery used!
History of the World podcast as always it is a pleasure! I love your episodes and the way you break down some incredibly complex subject and present the facts! Excellent work!
Technical point of view why did this indo euro language became so influencial and spread. I heard they had horses, and had lactose tolerance or could digest milk pr something
Probably for the same reasons later steppe cultures like the Turks and Mongols would spread.
@@general2109 oh yes Mongols and Turks, similar peoples, who've left such an impact on history
It's not that it spread over other languages. It's just that people that spoke it moved to various places, apparently.
Thanks for a very interesting video. I enjoy the study of languages. 💕
I'm such a nerd, there's nothing i love more than leaning & free college talks. Great craic! I'm in my glory thank you for a wonderful channel!
Michael Caine: "I need some sort of side-hustle. Maybe I could narrate history videos on the RUclips"
Michael Caine sounds educated. (Pretty sure he is not formally educated.) The narrator does not. How does the narrator sound to an educated (college) UK person?
Alas, some "scholars" adfirm that Indoeuropean nations did not exist.
Amazing work! And thank you for the knowledge.
English is an Indo European language of the West Germanic branch. English milk, Tocharian malke, Latin mulgeo, Old Irish melg, Greek amelgo, Russian moloko and so forth.
Linguistic, textual, genetic and archaeological evidence for the Out of India Theory of Indo European Languages
Baghpat Chariots, Weapons and the Horse in the Harappan Civilization - Dr. BK Manjul
ruclips.net/video/fZvKpjjTpgg/видео.html
Findings from the latest genetic study conducted by ASI in collaboration with the Reich Lab at Harvard using ancient DNA from Rakhigarhi
slides at 29:00 mark
ruclips.net/video/Dio3Ep0nlv4/видео.html
ruclips.net/video/n4WFk0iEK5k/видео.html
ruclips.net/video/f0Lg1b_8N54/видео.html
ruclips.net/video/-wIu3dUsmtY/видео.html
Here are the tribes that spread the Indo European languages from South Asia to West Asia, Central Asia and to Europe
Avestan) Afghanistan: Proto-Iranian: Sairima (Śimyu), Dahi (Dāsa).
NE Afghanistan: Proto-Iranian: Nuristani/Piśācin (Viṣāṇin).
Pakhtoonistan (NW Pakistan), South Afghanistan: Iranian: Pakhtoon/Pashtu (Paktha).
Baluchistan (SW Pakistan), SE Iran: Iranian: Bolan/Baluchi (Bhalāna).
NE Iran: Iranian: Parthian/Parthava (Pṛthu/Pārthava).
SW Iran: Iranian: Parsua/Persian (Parśu/Parśava).
NW Iran: Iranian: Madai/Mede (Madra).
Uzbekistan: Iranian: Khiva/Khwarezmian (Śiva).
W. Turkmenistan: Iranian: Dahae (Dāsa).
Ukraine, S, Russia: Iranian: Alan (Alina), Sarmatian (Śimyu).
Turkey: Thraco-Phrygian/Armenian: Phryge/Phrygian (Bhṛgu).
Romania, Bulgaria: Thraco-Phrygian/Armenian: Dacian (Dāsa).
Greece: Greek: Hellene (Alina).
Albania: Albanian: Sirmio (Śimyu).
Shrikant Gangadhar Talageri
talageri.blogspot.com/2020/03/the-rigveda-and-aryan-theory-rational_27.html
Five waves of Indo-European expansion: a preliminary model (2018)
Igor A Tonoyan-Belyayev
I. Tonoyan-Belyayev
www.academia.edu/36998766/Five_waves_of_Indo-European_expansion_a_preliminary_model_2018_
One thing I dont understand in the video is the animation part of the language migrations and the helleno-armenin theory. Say if this language group existed (which it most likely did) and spread southward from ukraine/russia to the south caucasus, how did hellenic get to greece? It sounds more logical to assume the language migrated southwest to the balkans and from there through anatolia to the caucasus which is how armenian and greek would have split
Есть основания полагать и доказано, что было два ареала индоевропейских языков. Одна ямская теория, другая анатолийская.
So as languages spread from the Caucasus to Europe, what languages were known by people living there already? And what influence did those languages have on the descendents of indo-european languages? The animation in the video is great, showing how the spreading went but the rest of europe is drawn white/blank as if there was nothing but that can't be the case. Anyone?
A list of references would be useful. This is so interesting but I always like to check things out for myself
Look it up and do the research dumbass, all the information is in front of you. A simple google search of what you’re curios about will do
Indo-europian language:hi
Georgia:no thanks
And Basque/Aquitanian, Pelasgian, the Tyrsenians, Minoan, Iberian, North Picene. All of them non IE.
Today, you have Basque, Hungarian, Finnish, Estonian, Maltese (though partly Italian), and Turkish.
thank you so much for this one, as a (very) slow learner this kind of breakdown is great 😍
and to answer to whomever said " no need to "cuck" I say yes "need to cuck" the nazi explanation is on topic, avoids ambiguity for those who don't know much about the subject and doesn't give the arsholes any margin to misuse the videos to justify bs, finally FWIW the choice of words by poster "no need to cuk" is a window into poster's beliefs
Interesting! Thank you for making this video.
Love the production 🙌🏼
Even though the Indoeuropean languages spread far, I feel some nostalgia that they went extinct in Inner Asia and Anatolia. I don't mind having Turkic languages there, but I wish they would not be the only ones.
@Hunter Smith Really? Which words should I google? (I hope you are not referring to the Pashtus)
Kurdish is an indoeuropean language still spoken in easter turkey and neighboring countries
@@a_m5115 You are right, I forgot about that
@@Crafty_Spirit You can blame the Ancient greeks for purging the Anatolian IE languages from existence lol
Why do you sad non indo arien europe era ,that era languasge? poor racist boy
Very interesting and informative! You’re voice would be perfect for ASMR!
Ya gotta love a european map in the caption which includes Asia and surgically removes Ireland. I just popped in to express my trigger hood!
Are you Irish?
@@Crafty_Spirit yes !
The lost race! The Celts spread west to east but through anatolia from the steps!
🤣🤣🤣 hence the sense of humour.
you can fire a stone from one equestrian centre to the next here but 'the his story' will never give credit. we stole a horse from the Arabs seemingly and this is where our horse pedigrees come from.
The builders of the mounds here arrived on ships but then decided boats were obsolete and forgot about them for 3000 years till the england came and showed us the way. if it took 800 years it mus have been a powerful player but not a trace was left. two masters delivering a nation it's history. Rome and London. One is dead and the other fades away from Europe. Now we write our history! 😉
@@lallyoisin I've been to Ireland (I'm Swiss), absolutely adore the relaxed and friendly vibes there. Since you are so conscious about Celtic culture, do you know Dan Carlin's Celtic Holocaust? The image for the episode is marvellous
@@lallyoisin The bible has an entire chapter about the Galatians, Celts who migrated to Anatolia. St. Paul wrote them a letter.
support for Irish brother, from Serbia. 😄
Not so long ago ( circa 2000 years in past) we were neighbours, sharing same sh!t. Cheers 😅🍻
Great video, rough voice and all. Thank you.
Absolutely love your vid. Rich data. Authentic .
HITTIE , MITANI , MED EMPAIRE ALL KURDISH LENGUGE
None of that is true:
Mittani wasnt a language, it was the name of a indo-aryan tribe - Hittite language was Anatolian not Irano Aryan like modern kurdish - And median wasn't a language, it was the name of a region were many diffrent languages were spoken (one of them being a predecessor to modern kurdish languages).
True
True
@@M414-q6o Furthermore to add on, many scholars in Assyriology now suspect the Kurds aren't even descendants of the "Medes" we know. Especially given how the Medes were more a coalition of Iranic peoples in the area, not one sole ethnicity like say, the Elamites of old.
@@M414-q6o Hitits language s indo europian
Spanish and Italian are more similar phonectically than Spanish and Portuguese but Spanish and Portuguese are more similar vocabulary wise than Spanish and Italian.
Just saying.
Spanish took too many words during the renaissance (because of the royal conections and trade), first with aragon, then with the Spanish Empire in Naples, Sicily, Sardinia and Lombardy, maybe beacuse of trade is the reason the language become more and more italian like, just a theory. Iberian Spanish and Portuguese are very alike but european portuguese the accent is closer (like in slavic languages and Spanish open like italian), but both european varieties have very similar accents that i can identify as parts of the iberian accents, all of them share the SH sound in the S, and sound like people living in the mountains jeje, rhotic pronunciation and also the nh/ñ sound
The Romans and Etruscans are not originally from the Italian peninsula.
No one is originally from Europe as it used to be ice ice baby
Nope they were Pelasgians-Dardanians-Epirotan from Illyricum!!
I enjoy this video and have watched a couple of times, but I need help with a question on the discus discussion. These are loan words and cognates. How does the discussion clarify the loan words v evolution question? I thought the point was not to be misled by loan words when we are looking for common roots for languages?
For example, septem and hepta, or chien and Hund have common PIE roots. Disque and Tisch and desco seem to be loan words + phonological evolution . What am I missing ?
The Kurgan theory is far far better than the anatolian theory. Hence I would only have mentioned the kurgan theory.
Then my video would have been called "The Kurgan Theory".
@@historyoftheworldpodcast5234 That would give you less views. Few people know hat a kurgan is.
Achamediskaya imperiya iron 🇮🇷🇮🇷🇮🇷
Sasanidskaya imperiya iron 🇮🇷🇮🇷🇮🇷
Long live greater IRAN❤🇮🇷
Iranian people is a Serbian
@Chaz Dadkhah iranian people no exist
@Chaz Dadkhah Persian yes, Kurdish yes, Tajik yes, Pashtun yes.... But Iranian not. Maybe Scytian
@@ivanakurc what are you talking about?
Wonderful , thank you !
I will listen to this again. Thank you!!
that map shows indo europeans only having reached central europe by 2000BC and yet there are r1b l21 holders on raithlin island (one of the most westernmost parts of europe) by 2000BC. also i think germanic originated in scandinavia (and spread across europe with the destruction of the celts by the roman empire) and italic emerged on the italian peninsula, both due to isolation from the main indo european branch on the continent of europe which was celtic.
It would be great if you added subtitles to it.
Good erudite and structured discourse delivered with well paced crusty old estuary accent. Top talk from a soft southern shandy drinker?
It has been suggested that we are all talk.
My mind was blown with the zeus pater Jupiter stuff. I feel like I'm on another plane of intelligence now.
Deus phater
Yes, Sanskrit Dyaus-pitar (however you render it) is cognate-for-cognate equivalent to just that: the name of the big planet, Jupiter. How sobering.
I learned this on Khan Academy just a few weeks ago!
@Vajasrava Nachiketa It's widely known that Lithuanian represents a very old branch of the PIE tree, along with Sanskrit and Greek, but his maps didn't show any migration of proto-Lithuanians, unfortunately. They certainly weren't a part of the Celtic/Germanic group pushing west.
No, Modern Greek doesn't use δισκος for CDs. 'CD' (see dee) is used as a loan word.
@R N You must be crazy...who told you that the modern Greeks have nothing to do with the ancient Greeks? You had an inspiration? Open your eyes damn you and stop bothering the Greeks
www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/08/greeks-really-do-have-near-mythical-origins-ancient-dna-reveals
Modern Greeks are more related to their ancestors the ancient Greeks than any other nation is related to their ancient ancestors...Did you hear me dude?
Go catch a chicken now!🐓
R N what happened to those old Greeks, they disappeared? Lol
@R N Haha yeah ancient Greeks looked like Bratt Pitt😂😂 DNA researchers from international institutions have already show the modern Greeks are the descendants from the ancient ones....that's why they still in the same place...speaking the same language.
Why so jealous??
CHOSEN(COREA) language
🇰🇷 The Korean language has roots in Sanskrit, Dravida, English, and Latin. It has already been discovered by Korean linguists and etymologists.
No one cares