Circuit Breaker Explained | Working Principle
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- Опубликовано: 16 июн 2024
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⌚Timestamps:
00:00 - Intro
00:57 - A typical electric circuit
01:22 - Circuit breaker
02:16 - Fuse invention
03:22 - Circuit breaker invention
04:15 - Circuit breaker design
04:40 - Circuit breaker tripping principles
06:37 - Summary
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In this video, we are going to look at what a circuit breaker is, why they are needed, and how they work!
The circuit breaker is an electromechanical device whose function is to protect electrical installations, being used in electrical distribution boards.
It works by interrupting the electric current when it exceeds its design limitations, therefore preventing the supply of energy to the loads, and damage to the circuit.
Simply put, the circuit breaker basically works like an automatic switch, which has a base current value, switching off the circuit where it was installed whenever this value is exceeded!
It is important to note that for circuit breakers to work correctly, error-free sizing of the circuit and the components that compose it, is essential!
The first mention of a device that interrupted the current because of some problem is more than 100 years old and was made in a patent by Thomas Edison, inventor of the incandescent light bulb.
At that time, Edison needed a way to protect the lighting system he sold to big cities. For this, he proposed a device that would protect the network against possible short circuits and overloads and called it a fuse!
A fuse is a safety device used to protect against overcurrent, short circuits, and overload. It consists of a tube with a metal alloy inside, usually leads, which when overloaded heats up and breaks, preventing short circuits!
When this heating occurs, the metal alloy inside the fuse melts, causing the power supply to the circuit to be interrupted. To work again, the fuse must be replaced, generating unnecessary labor, costs, and interruptions!
This impasse was only resolved more than 40 years later, by an inventor named Hugo Stotz.
In 1923, Stotz launched the first compact device that combined the functions of thermal and magnetic protection on the market, produced in Mannheim, Germany. That was the first commercial circuit breaker!
He and his team, looking for an idea to replace the fuse, developed a brilliant invention: a device that had a component that, if heated, would contract and trigger a disconnecting mechanism, but, when cooled, could be turned on again. There, the circuit breaker was born!
Since then, companies have continually developed this technology, and today, there are several models of circuit breakers, such as the single-pole, two-pole, three-pole, and even the four-pole circuit breaker!
They are used in many types and sizes for use in different applications, from residential to large industrial systems.
This circuit breaker contains two different tripping principles to protect the circuit:
- a thermal protection design, that will lead to circuit interruption in case of overheating
- a protection design via an electromagnet principle, due to a short circuit.
On the thermal-magnetic circuit breaker, both thermal and electromagnetic protection happens in parallel on a similar principle to move the switching linkage.
Differently from fuses, once the issues that caused the circuit breaker to trip have been addressed, you can switch it back to the on position, and your circuit is once again protected.
Numerous advanced circuit breakers are available on the market. Those can be much more precise and can trip at much faster speeds, however, they are also much more expensive!
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#RealPars #circuit_breaker #industrialsafety
Thanks for such a clear explanation! My physics class was giving me trouble and this cleared it right up!
Glad to hear that! Thank you for sharing
Open up a learning institution in Africa, the video has been very informative and educative. Kindly also do a video on Siemens modules.
You guys do great videos, Thanks.
Thank you so much for your support, Steven!
Thanks for the detailed explanation 😊
Glad it was helpful!
Excellent explanation, thank you.
Glad you enjoyed it!
Many thanks for your information and your kind explanation
Glad it was helpful!
Simple, clear , understandable explanation 👏👏👏
Thank you!
Many hanks for detailed explanations. Great video 👍
You're very welcome! Happy learning
Great job. Great videos. Great respect. Thanks U.
Thank you very much!
Great video but I wish it were more in-depth. At 4:40 you ignore several parts of the design like the.. I think it's called "arc extinguisher" I wish for a longer / more in depth video if you know of one. This is the best I've found so far, thanks
Excelente
Great tutorial , now to start teaching high school students about this .
Thank you, John!
A Great Video ... Like allá of this channel ... Congrats
Thank you so much! Happy learning!
Thank you !
You're welcome, Kevin!
As always awesome video 🥇🥇🥇
Thank you so much!
Useful video
Glad you liked it!
Real pars 👍👍
Thank you❤.
You're very welcome!
Awesome 😎
Thank you, Dennis!
God only knows how much I enjoy and practically use your well designed and narrated 'How Does" videos to train building facilities teams as a consultant, so my gratitude. That being said, in this video, I wouldn't characterize the two triggering mechanisms (Thermal & Magnetic) as "Parallel" since that word could suggest that the electron path can remain flowing as an "OR" condition. The diagram clearly depicts a series condition, so either mechanism can render the circuitry Open. I would use the word a "complimentary" mechanism where the Magnetic is fast acting and the thermal slow(er) acting!
Thank you for your feedback, Ali! Much appreciated.
is the capacity affects the time of short circuit interruption
Sir, can you please explain DC Circuit breaker and where going to be use? And its applications.
Thanks for your comment and feedback! I will happily pass this on to our course developers.
I´m really curious about how you do those drawings. If you can provide any info I'll be enormously thankful.
Thanks for your comment! Regarding your question, I am actually not sure about that as all our visuals are created by our graphic and animation department.
Oh :( Well, thank you so much for your reply. I'll keep enjoying your videos.
Happy new year 2023 from #PowerLearningChannel
Between fuses and circuit breakers, which has a better response time for short circuits and overloads?
Both provide protection against overloads, and some fuse styles can act faster than many circuit breakers. Both can provide adequate protection, but each must be designed correctly for the loads they are intended to protect. Circuit breakers have the added benefits of being able to isolate a circuit on demand and being able to be reset once tripped. Fuses are typically less expensive than circuit breakers, especially for large loads (motors, etc.).
Would be good to explain why they have two trigger mechanisms. Also what are the different classes; B, C, D, ect.
Thanks for your topic suggestion, David! I will happily go ahead and forward this as a topic suggestion to our course developers.
The magnetic function will trip the breaker due to a very quick, but maybe short, large current such as a short. The thermal will trip it on a long, small overcurrent such as an overload that may be caused by a restriction that may cause physical resistance to a motor turning causing a slightly higher current but for a longer time. Two different possible causes of high current.
Class B breakers are designed to trip at 3 to 5 times the rated current. Class C trips at 5 to 10 times. Class D at 10 to 20 times.
Also note breakers are selected to be at least 1.25 times the amps of the circuit (Full Load Amps of a motor). This is equivalent to saying the circuit current cannot exceed 80% of the breaker rating. 80% = 0.8. 1/0.8 = 1.25. You can calculate both ways: find the max current allowed on a breaker based on its rating (20 amp rated breaker X 0.8 or 80% = 16 amps allowed for the load. Or if you have a 20 amp load 20 X 1.25 = 25 amps so you would choose the next highest rated standard circuit breaker which is most likely a 30 amp ckt bkr. A 25 would work if available.
Very nice 👌 big like from #PowerLearningChannel
Thank you very much!
Please do 'time delay relays' if possible
Thanks for your topic suggestion! I will happily go ahead and share this with our course developers.
Happy learning
What is the criteria to decide when to use fuse and when to use circuit breaker?
The main difference between fuse and circuit breakers is that fuses cannot be reused while circuit breakers can be reused over and over again. Circuit breakers are used to protect circuits and devices against overloading and short-circuiting while fuses protect circuits and devices against overloading only. Fuses can be selected based on tripping characteristic, such as slow-blow, which makes them useful for motor leads. Circuit breakers are typically used where you need to isolate (de-energize) a circuit, such as to a panel or control circuit, where removing a fuse would be dangerous and impractical. Individual I/O circuits are typically fused due to cost and size considerations.
Circuit breakers have replaced fuses and everything but Legacy systems
@@rmrieee9748 its not that simple. You typically still see fuses where the circuits maximum short circuit current is very high. A typical circuit breaker (or MCB) used in residential buildings has a breaking capacity of 6-10 kA, whereas Fuses have much higher breaking capacities, typically >50 kA.
Also small electronic circuits often use fuses, sometimes resettable. And the british BS 1363 AC Power Plugs all have a small fuse in them.
So both MCB and Fuses still have their use-cases.
But why the need of both thermal and magnetic contact if they are both triggered by excess current? What can one do that the other can't?
Thank you for your question! Both the thermal and the magnetic components work together to protect the circuit. If a circuit has a load just under the rated amperage, it is possible to overheat the breaker without tripping the magnetic interlock. The thermal interlock works to protect the circuit in this case. This is often the reason that the circuit trips when too many household appliances are connected to the circuit. You can usually tell if the circuit overloads on thermal effects because the breaker will not reset immediately. The breaker is waiting to cool down. So the thermal and magnetic components are complementary and provide a more complete protection for the circuit.
Kindly make content on HVAC plzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
Thanks for your suggestion, I will happily pass your suggestion on to our course developers.
It is 2023 now and new laws. Please update with the new GFI and Arc fault breakers required in new homes.
Thank you for sharing, I will happily pass this on to our course developers.
ELV SYSTEM
Offer a good Power PE exam course. People will pay you $500 for it.
again my comment is deleted by who? on 48V and over 30 mts breakers can fail to break, you can fix it using electronic circuit breakers
Plugging a hair dryer into a socket would not do that unless all that lighting was on the same circuit, (highly unlikely and very poor practice if so) you would lose the power to the sockets not the lights😂😂