Was the Universe EVER this Small?
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- Опубликовано: 2 июл 2024
- The big bang is the model that describes the birth and evolution of the universe. But where did the term come from? What does it actually mean?
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Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Em Lucid - Producer
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VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Element Origins:
• Not all your Atoms are...
Cosmic Distance Ladder:
• We Can't Measure* Dist...
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SOURCES
Sean Carroll GR Stuff:
www.preposterousuniverse.com/...
arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9712019v1
Fred Hoyle Story:
www.nature.com/articles/d4158...
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AFFILIATE LINKS TO BOOK SOURCES
"Spacetime and Geometry"
by Sean Carroll
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"General Relativity"
by Robert Wald
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"Gravitation"
by Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler
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LINKS TO COMMENTS
• Not all your Atoms are...
• Not all your Atoms are...
• Not all your Atoms are...
• Not all your Atoms are...
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IMAGE/VIDEO CREDITS
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images
NASA Big Bang:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12656
Microwave Background Map:
www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Imag...
Milky Way:
images.nasa.gov/details/PIA10748
Older Fred Hoyle:
repository.aip.org/islandora/...
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TIME CODES
00:00 Intro
00:20 Getting a Baseline
00:50 "Big Bang" Coined
02:02 Big Bang was NOT an Explosion
03:29 Expansion Analogies
04:18 The Primeval Atom
05:12 Where did the Big Bang happen?
06:00 Where is the center of the Universe?
06:35 The Many Edges of the Universe
08:46 Observable vs Entire Universe
11:07 Trouble with Edges
12:02 What does "Big Bang" mean?
13:14 Closing Thoughts
13:37 Featured Comment
Id watch a 2 hour Science asylum video
Absolutely, make it happen Nick! :D
Same
I have a feeling it can be found on the Patreon 🤔.
@@louisrobitaille5810 oh! nice
Yes!
I love when Em is on the show! She's a great avatar for the audience, because she asks exactly the right questions.
she asked a lot of the same questions I have too!
so true, love her, heuuuu i mean i like her. Sorry Nick lol
Completely agree. You guys are awesome!
You're so smart you think like a woman
And they're so wonderful together! There's this great mutual respect and love of Science and each other
If Em legitimately didn't know much of this beforehand, she is a master in logic and reasoning. Every inference was spot-on.
@94leroyal
And well scripted. 😁
Well done, editing the video down from two hours of conversation to under a quarter of an hour.
Thanks! This thing was a beast. Hardest edit I've ever done.
I'd watch the two hour video
@@jeffreyb.2817 seconed.
Release the Snyder Cut!
Er... The Lucid-er Cut?
@@scudlee If it was the Snyder Cut, wouldn't that necessarily involve a lot of slow motion? So longer than two hours... plus some gratuitous grain handling shots with lens flare.
The last time I was this early, the universe was still in its inflationary epoch
😆 It's been a long time.
@@ScienceAsylumsince I rock and rolled.
when I last saw this comment, universe expansion was still slowing down
@@ScienceAsylum Linear time is a human construct necessary for the brain/ego to "get it." Time is a real thing, it does exist. BUT..... There is literally and exactly only ONE Moment of it. there is only NOW. everything is NOW, it just looks different because it is a different angle/frequency of the great universal hologram. Clif high says the "frequency of the universe is 22 trillion hz as a pulse, on and off. 'existence' reality-as-we-know-it then nothing/everything/all/none" Some people call the hologram "God" but it is you and you are it. like the matrix. and we are in it. This is base reality because to even be talking there has to be some existence in that/this base reality!
PBS Space time has some very important videos about gravity being entropy at the 2d surface at the outer boundary of "this universe" in the last few episodes. a-mazing!
So, here is the deal. The present moment is the gift. It's presence. It's teh Present. You can't "remember" without "that moment" being present here and now in "this moment". Our mind is scientifically proven to be non-local in time and non-local in space. we know this, look it up. I do like David Wilcock's first book _Source field Investigations_ for that reason, and that 1/5 of his 3" book is just references. Our "brain" is quantumly entangled. We know cellular structures in cells, called "Microtubules", open and close; creating a chamber of "quantum entanglement" when closed and then opening to gather/release information, then entangle, then open. The rate is about 40 hz, if i recall. Our brains entangle with "all that is" ~40 times a second. All cells, neurons too.
Re-membering (like reattaching your thumb), remembering is viewing that moment of Now from a different perspective in the NOW. the fractal of the mind and universe is that amazing.
Meditating does bring the mind into the present moment, ever more. And in doing so, we see further into the past (remember more), can see more and better outcomes and possibilities, and experience the present moment with more depth and clarity, simplicity and multi-faceted-ness. There is so much paradox to it, but that is also precisely what you are about. You crazies. 🤪
Interesting to note that the rational numbers are markers, labels, indicators of locations in the number line, but have no actual "space" within the number line. only irrational numbers contain "space" within the number line, and there are infinitely more irrational numbers between 0 and 1 than infinity itself. You know, Cardinality. Applied to TIME itself, there is an infinite amount of time we must wade through just to drink your covfefe [🤣].
The idea extends into space as well, they are one in the same. no? space-time? time-space? anyway.
All space is HERE. All time is NOW. The stars and blackholes that you think are so far away? they are merely projections on the inside of your skull. They aren't that far away. The discussion of "space" being "One" is that it is one integrated field of itself. yes? all of it is all entirely entangled and in decoherence at the same time, always, now, right here. with you. It's in the room with you. Yes, it's behind you RIGHT NOW. [OMG] but don't bother looking. It'll only be MORE behind you when you look behind you. How do you know what is actually behind the wall?
I personally like the "prime Radiant" concept, where everything is the same undifferentiated particle. It'd be like everything we see is more like the one giant particle that is carved out of the same piece of clay. Others have called it: The One Proton Model, The One Electron model, or, as Nassim puts it, the Schwarzschild Proton Model. I'll let Nassim describe his model.... WOW.
I am a big fan of Nassim Haramein, what it could mean, and it's importance.... esp If true. stunning. It will need your specific level of expertise just to understand this video, my Science Asylum Friend. The audience of this video is the kind of scientist you are.
"The [Quantum] Origin of Mass and Nature of Gravity Explained"
Video ID: BwUOpBI0H0s
It would be AMAZING if you did a critique video of this.
What i like about Nassim's work regarding protons being "mini-stable blackholes" is that the proton itself becomes the 2D surface upon which the boundary is projecting our 4D reality. 🧐 That is to say, all protons may be the same proton because, as blackholes, they exist outside of time/space as we know it and have studied it. What is to say "quarks" aren't some measurable energy pattern within blackholes? and how might that apply/impact Hawking Radiation? both at the stellar level and as a proton? At the proton level, to maintain stability, anything it receives must be emited quickly. aka, another particle "bounces" off a proton after colliding.
It's hard to believe nobody ever said that before 1949 because that's what they believed in as the beginning of the universe.
Whenever I think about the size of the universe, I always end up thinking of this quote from Hitchhiker's. “Space is big. You just won't believe how vastly, hugely, mind-bogglingly big it is. I mean, you may think it's a long way down the road to the chemist's, but that's just peanuts to space.” And it's crazy and awesome that we can even make an educated guess at the lower limit of its size.
LMAO First thing that came to my mind too.
Space is so vastly, hugely, mind-bogglingly big, that the number we express the lower size limit with is mind-bogglingly BIG. I mean, 42 to the power of 42 might seem big, but that's peanuts to space.
When I think about the size of space, I think in relative terms, so I can understand it.
In general, I picture myself as a Galaxy, in which case, the nearest real Galaxy, Andromeda, is about a block or two down the road. The observable universe is about the size of California, but who knows the size of the whole thing, it could be infinity large.
Lastly, the stars that make up the Galaxy, like our sun, are the size of atoms.
But while the human body has hundreds of Trillions of atoms, the Galaxy has hundreds of Billions of Stars. So you'd be less dense than air, assuming stars are Atoms.
"...that's just peanuts to space." That's like the biggest understatement in the history of the universe.
I recently watched a Minute Physics video where he gives a good explanation of the "what is space expanding into" question. If it's infinite then it's like the number line - you can scale any part of it as much as you want and it's still infinite. In other words, it expands into itself.
And there was no matter before that, only energy, from what I have heard.
Best way to put it is to compare it to the question "where is the center of an infinite line" or "where is the beginning if a circle". Both are examples where the answer is simply "no". If the question is incoherent, the answer will also be incoherent.
Some questions are inherently incoherent so as to be unanswerable. So, the answer to the question "what is the universe expanding into expanding into?" is "no".
Pls share the link to that video.
@@rajatsharma6256 m.ruclips.net/video/q3MWRvLndzs/видео.html
What most forget is that when we talk about the big bang and the universe that's expanding from a tiny point, is still the portion of the universe that we consider observable at this moment. So around that blob that becomes our observable universe , is infinitely more universe which just expanded way faster than our portion At the moment of the big bang, space just sprang into existence everywhere, here, there, a gazillion billion light-years away. all at once. And it all started expanding as soon as it existed.
So to recap, the descriptions of the big bang are ONLY OF OUR OBSERVABLE PORTION OF THE WHOLE UNIVERSE!
And I assumed the Universe to be infinite in size. But it would also work for a finite universe.
At around 11:00 He says we could find the centre of a finite univere, but this is not necessarily true. If the Universe is shaped as a 4-dimensional version of a donut, it would be infinite still in distances that can be measured but the volume would be finite.
Mrs. Asylum finally understands "It's OK to be a little crazy." at a deep, fundamental level.
And her Animal shirt rocked hard.
These videos with you two are insanely pleasent to watch. Thank you!
It's hard to believe nobody ever said that before 1949 because that's what they believed in as the beginning of the universe.
It's always nice to see Mrs.Asylum. She helps tie all the information into something we can understand.
I'm a fan of the natural hair.
That would be a hilarious last name!
@@ChinnuWoW’natural hair’ or ‘mrs. Asylum’? 😁
Hoyle tried to deride modern cosmology with “Big Bang” which is now ironically synonymous with the beginning of space & time.
just like… Schrödinger trying to deride quantum mechanics, specifically superposition, with his famous dead/alive cat… now synonymous with quantum superposition.
Great stuff. Your graph near the end saying size of "observable" universe helps a lot with my grievance with seeing prominent science communicators not elaborating on that over the years.
There was nothing more frustrating than hearing them say "the entire universe was X size at X time" only to follow it up with a contradicting "there is no such thing as a centre".
That alone puts this vid up there with your Hawking Radiation one. Cheers.
Glad you appreicate the nuance.
Yes, there are 2 universes that we know of, the observable, and the universe beyond that, but very few specify that.
I still think the distinction was not made enough in this video. When it is said "the universe was once smaller than the dit at the end of this sentence", it should have been pointed out that it was the observable universe.
I think a better explanation for non specialist would be to state that the beginning of the universe is not a size singularity but a density singularity. The grid is just packed denser and denser. If the grid (entire universe) is infinite, then it is still infinite when packed denser and denser and the Big Bang happened everywhere in an infinite space, it is just the density that was infinite (or close to)
To that simple question of Lematre that he didn't have to solve I can tell you one thing:
As a software developer I sometimes run into unexplainable issues at first glance. After half an hour one of the most efficient solving methods is to explain your code to a coworker, who is mostly unknown to this specific issue.
By explaining and by receiving presumably "dumb" questions you are forced to think differently and that solves many problems.
Works like magic.
Explaining code to someone feels like you gain 15 IQ. It's almost like a roleplaying game and you took a +15 intelligence potion.
Em is the perfect amount of intellegence that she understands each concept but still has questions. Em, youre awesome! You light up every video youre in!❤🎉
Nick, I think all of your subscribers would LOVE a 2 hour Science Asylum video. Like, you can just post the link in a community post and make it an unlisted video if you want, but we really wanna see it all.
Love these Q&A sessions! Good stuff! 😊
I know most of the concepts here from Cosmology classes - but once, again, your explanations make everything that much clearer :) Love the interaction with Awkward M! :)
A little refresher lesson never hurt anyone 😉
Happy to have received this notification within 9 minutes of uploading! Love all your videos. You should start a science podcast where you talk to and chat with people.
It is a great idea!
7:15 "Marty, you're not thinking fourth dimensionally!" :)
I really enjoy smart people talking nerdy to each other
Your videos are always something that make my day better, especially with y'alls dynamic! Thank you for being an awesome content creator.
You're such a delightful science couple! 😎🥰🙏🇩🇪
Thank you! 🤓
This format is the best since these are questions I would ask myself too.
This works so well, listening to you explain things to somebody else makes it easier for me to take in the knowledge.
love this format!
This was a great episode. you two feed off each other's goofiness so well 🥰
Absolutely! my absolute favorite science couple. I personally love the longer uploads.
Every time you drop a new video I am reminded of how much I love your enthusiasm and passion for exploring complex topics in an easy to understand way! ❤ I end up revisiting your other videos 😂
Wow! My favorite couple! ❤❤❤ thank you so much! Wonderful subject, as always so well explained!
I love Em's t-shirt.
Thank you. I really appreciate the delivery in this video and the others. It's just an absurdly effective style for me personally.
Thank you Ms. Asylum for being a good sport and providing a foil. I like this format.
Great show you two. Real pleasure to watch
bro watched on x16 speed
@@eozineable 😂
@@eozineable watching at regular pace is so yesterday..😏
@@eozineable"Fast Fast!"
@@worstuserever 😆
Nice video, very informative. I do wish you talked a bit more about the graph at the end, kinda felt like you were about to get into it, then the video ended. So hoping to see a future deeper dive video from you!
You mean the graph at 7:40? Or the timeline at 12:58?
The one at 12:58
@@LiquidWater91 I'm sure I'll go deeper into that in a more technical video. No worries. My patrons/members have been asking for that for a while.
Great to hear! Thanks for everything you make for us!
This felt so short! I liked this so much.
Thank you both for your dedication
I think the benefit of the balloon analogy is that it makes it clear that the math we use to describe the universe is the math of surfaces. Is raisin bread a manifold? Why raisins... Raisins are topological defects and you can't convince me otherwise.
Yes, the balloon is _mathematically_ closer to the model. But I have to prioritize the image accuracy in people's minds over the mathematical accuracy, at least with shallow dives like this one.
@@ScienceAsylum so you're telling me raisins are a price you're willing to pay for imagery. Vile but understandable.
Why does no youtuber ever mention that if the (total) universe is infinite it must have been infinite from the beginning so that the imagination of a (small) point is very misleading. There never was a "point", the density of the universe was just infinite and size was infinitely big
Yes it could have been expanding forever (eternal inflation) before our big bang happened, possibly in an infinite multiverse.
Lots of people mention this. But whenever people talk about "The universe was such and such (finite) size" they always mean the observable universe.
@@narfwhals7843Quite. PhysicsGirl definitely mentioned it a few years ago, just for starters.
@@narfwhals7843 lol must be a different RUclips than mine
Good comment. No one ever says that in an infinite universe the singularity was infinitely large, in which an infinitely large singularity makes absolutely no sense, unless we assert zero is an infinitely large number.
Great video! Thanks Nick and Em!
Glad you enjoyed it! 🤓
Such an awesome couple. Love you guys! Love your content! Gotta love the somewhat organized chaos... the very smart crazyness.
2 hours down to 13 minutes, I can't help but be curious what all was left out. I'm sure there might be some off-topic stuff or giggle-fits.
_A LOT_ of math was left on the editing room floor. Might cut it into a Nebula exclusive if I ever have time.
I don't know how this never clicked for me until now, but despite the *entire* universe being whatever size during the big bang, our observable universe, or rather everything contained inside it, used to all exist in a teeny tiny space, right next to other heaps of matter and energy that are beyond our horizon. I mean that's just insane, everything all the galaxies and stars and planets and _us_ used to be a dense, hot dot, and it was like that EVERYWHERE, just WE were a dot of this soup.
If it’s infinite today then creation of Universe in big bang already created it infinite even at the very beginning when it was super duper dense Universe.
*"...used to all exist in a teeny tiny space, right next to other heaps of matter and energy that are beyond our horizon."*
Exactly!
I LOVE hearing Nicks laugh! Something unbelievably wholesome about it!
Thanks fro another great video. I'm glad I watched until the very end. Thanks for addressing my point.
Animaaaaal!
I think the surface of a balloon is a better comparison since it also indicates there is no center.
Fair, but I have found that it's a lot easier to get people to imagine an infinite bread loaf than to jump from 2D to 3D. All analogies have problems.
@@ScienceAsylum Good luck explaining the 4D version with space AND time.
Love the interaction betwen you two. The science content is fun too.
You guys are awesome! Keep it up! 👍🏼
What if space is not getting bigger, but everything in space is just getting smaller?
you'd have to go to the flip side of string theory for that. but yeah. It's been answered, actually.
just things getting smaller would leave the distances between objects (e.g. galaxies) growing at the same rate, but what we actually see is objects further away moving faster away from us, than nearby objects. At the cosmic event horizon, that speed crosses the speed of light and therefore we cannot communicate with anything beyond that (and the cosmic event horizon is shrinking on us, as space expands even more)
Eventually that would have a limit. Either asymptotically approaching zero size or disappearing entirely.
Anytime Em is on I feel like it's a good video to show people who don't quite understand the topic.
Another video? Awesome!
5:23 Emily pointed out something that most people don't seem to grasp. The Big Bang happened *everywhere* .
7:47 THANK YOU! Those diffences between those two Horizons has *always* confused me. Well done :)
11:57 Again, she's rather spot on. After all, if we could travel 16.7 GLy from our planet, we *should* perceive the CEH further away (so to speak) in the direction we traveled than we can on Earth. Keep going, another 16.7GLy a trillion times, there's no real reason to think that we'd ever reach an actual PH, much less a CEH.
Thank you both for discussing this for us!
This is truly the MOST understandable explanation of the big bang since Scientific American, March 2005.
Yep, look it up, it's pretty great (and I'm not even a SciAm fan).
2:50 The Big Bang was uniform for a long time on human scales… but it was really only uniform during the period of intense heat that a c4 explosion would be uniform for, but because it is a bigger mass compared to explosion size, it stays hot and uniform for longer. It became turbulent when stars and galaxies formed.
Great video! by the way, you two make a great couple - two wonderfully, excited to live, people exploring the universe together.
Thanks! Just in time when I'm doing research on the subject 👌💫
Glad it was helpful! 🤓
This is an awesome video! You two have great chemistry (da dum tsch) together.
I think a lot of couples would struggle making this type of video, but it seems so natural and friendly for you two.
I want the 2 hour video. Love it.
I love that you guys could have a talk like this over breakfast. ❤
I'd love to see the full conversations from these episodes, you could even call it a podcast!
2 HOUR VIDEOS!!!!!!! Then I can listen on my way home from work and have 30 mins left to watch at home!!!! It's perfect!
Months ago I knew very little about the sciences, but thanks to your channel, I can confidently explain quantum electrodynamics, chemistry, and so many other things. You’ve made my learning process SO MUCH EASIER! Thank you!
That's wonderful to hear! I'm glad my style works for you.
I went back and watched your "I'm not quitting" video. I was impressed with what you said then and still am. I love that you are not about absolute monetization and more about your ethics and quality of life... a lesson a lot of folks could use! I'm in my early 60's and retired (by circumstances, not by choice) and I've been a long-time subscriber. While I am a science nerd at heart, I readily admit I don't understand anything about 25% of what you talk about (the "HUH???" part). I cannot wrap my head around quantum physics and string theory, no matter how much I watch stuff about it. But I keep watching just in case one day, I have that eureka moment! I kind of get about another 25% (the learning part). The rest is just fun to watch! I love when you have Em with you. She asks a lot of the questions I would, and she makes your presentation a lot of fun.. not that you and the Clones weren't fun already lol. I'm on a fixed income and I have never provided Patreon support to anyone before, but I can manage a few bucks a month for someone who is worthy! Great job, as always, Nick! Cheers from Canada!
great talk !!!!
i love the way you explained it all so simply and here i thought i knew about the big bang.
Priceless chemistry, brilliant physics, and a smattering of biology too!
Wonderful explanation. Simple, yet elegant. I feel like the cosmic horizon part was a missed opportunity for a Gandalf "You shall not pass" meme. Hahaha
😆
Emily: So are we talking about the show, the attack vegeta uses, or the physical theory?
Nick: Yes
I remember that I had issues with physics and could not understand it, then I found your videos and suddenly I could understand stuff.
Nick, you would be an excellent teacher and if you are, you are an example!
You guys are really cool. I watch and read a lot of science content. I also try to explain this stuff to my wife too. But it is nice to see you guys just chatting about this stuff, because we do the same thing.
Great video!
Science Asylum is the most enjoyable physics channel. Thank you both for making me laugh, bringing me joy, and making me smarter ❤️
Hey Nick, thanks for another awe inspiring video. Can you make another one purely discussing time dilation during big bang? If matter was so dense after gravity happens, time would stop like near a black hole. But then nothing should move. How can space expand when time is literally stopped?
That change of scale of time on the end of the video, which took me a while to realize it is not just a zoom of the first moments of BigBang left me scratching my head again.
It was a change from linear time to logrithmic time, which exaggerates the tiny amounts of time at the beginning so they're visible.
This was really good!
Thanks!
Great vid as always! What happened to quantum fields during the big bang? Did they already exist? Or did they “extend“ along with space?
The quantum fields existed back then, but their behavior was different. Under those conditions, there was less variety.
10:14 Em/me thinking: "Between 20 and infinite? Yeah, what I was thinking. They haven't got the slightest idea what the number is."
Am I the only one that can only focus on this Zelda t-shirt? lol
Great video, reallly love it!
Thank you !!!
I know I’m learning when I see a vid like this and there’s nothing new to me! Still it’s wonderful reinforcement
You two are awesome. Straight up. Id love to buy you dinner sometime. Michigan right? Im not far at all, maybe its possible haha 😂
love you guys!
Great video. 😊
Em's shirt is the business
Give us the Lucid cut! I would like to listen to that 2 hour conversation 😄
Great video! Talking with your wife adds a nice dimension to your videos!
Thanks 👍
awesome!!!!
Love this
You two are absolutely adorable. Loved the vid
I think the bread loaf the ballon is not a good example, since they expand from one center point as she says.
Instead imagine in 2D a line of marbles all next to each other. Now each each time step you add one marble between every two marbles, so marbles have to move apart to make room.
Setting your point of view in a particular marble you see the neighbor marbles having to move one marble space, the marbles two positions away will need to move two marble spaces, and the further marbles will have to move more and more. But if you look it from another marble it also looks like every marble is moving away from you at a higher speed the further away from you.
If you reverse time, each pair of marbles get close and fuse. You can see a representation as a tree where you climb up until you reach the trunk node. Since each marble leaf fused into a parent marble, each marble ends up being the initial one. So the big band is just the root node of all actual leaf nodes.
The problem is that we tend to imagine this system as an external observer without movement with respect to the marbles, but since the marbles represent space-time itself, the only valid observation points are the marbles themselves. So no matter the reference point you pick, this same location back in time is the initial location. And all other locations move away from you at a speed proportional to how far the points are from you.
In reality each marble could be a plank volume in 3D, generating a new plank volume in all directions for each unit of time.
Great video thank you so much, current data refresh 🤓😎
I was waiting for a "Who's on first" reference, but most people who are old enough to remember Abbott and Costello aren't the primary audience on RUclips!
I love how thunder sound waves look! There are three patterns - noise, parabolic, and finally sine. I think it's a good idea to introduce such imagery into Bing Bang descriptions.
Well you are going to love Baryon Acoustic Oscillations. Wave patterns observed in the density of the CMB.
@@narfwhals7843 thank you! And I love Penrose's latest papers with his Nobel ideas. Amazing wordings there.
You two have done a great job!!
Thank you! 🤓
I would definitely fall down the rabbit hole of a 2 hour long discussion on the Big Bang.
Great stuff.
Em's shirt is epic!
"Do expound." That's just great!
Love your videos 🇧🇷✊🏾
This is great Nick! As always. I love your videos! But, I'm looking in the diagram at ~13 and I see that a lot of things happened in small fraction of the second? This suggests also that the space was contracted, but what about time? Was is contracted as well? I'd expect that there would be another singularity at the "beginning" ... or maybe there is? Does it extend intinitly back to space-time 1 / infinity - singularity?
According the model, only space will expand or contract. Time may experience some relativistic dilation, but it doesn't expand or contract.
Man this is great! Thanks for the explanation
You're welcome!