You're Basically A Mushroom
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 23 авг 2023
- Visit brilliant.org/scishow/ to get started learning STEM for free. The first 200 people will get 20% off their annual premium subscription and a 30-day free trial.
The tree of life you learned in school is wrong, even if you just graduated. We like to sort eukaryotes into big kingdoms or supergroups, but scientists can't agree what those groups should be. Here's why that's a good thing.
Hosted by: Savannah Geary (they/them)
----------
Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: / scishow
----------
Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever: Adam Brainard, Alex Hackman, Ash, Bryan Cloer, charles george, Chris Mackey, Chris Peters, Christoph Schwanke, Christopher R Boucher, Dr. Melvin Sanicas, Harrison Mills, Jaap Westera, Jason A Saslow, Jeffrey Mckishen, Kevin Bealer, Matt Curls, Michelle Dove, Piya Shedden, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Lutfi, Silas Emrys
----------
Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet?
SciShow Tangents Podcast: scishow-tangents.simplecast.com/
TikTok: / scishow
Twitter: / scishow
Instagram: / thescishow
Facebook: / scishow
#SciShow #science #education #learning #complexly
----------
Sources:
Special thanks to Dr. Fabien Burki, Associate Professor in Systematic Biology at Uppsala University, Sweden
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/art...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s...
www.nature.com/articles/54003... comprehensive%20tree%20(pictured).
academic.oup.com/mbe/article/...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
royalsocietypublishing.org/do...
www.nature.com/articles/nrg1603
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s...
www.nature.com/articles/s1227...
www.nature.com/articles/s4158...
cshperspectives.cshlp.org/con...
Image Sources:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tr...
tinyurl.com/mr2bf9w9
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
www.gettyimages.com/detail/vi...
tinyurl.com/464j295p
www.gettyimages.com/detail/vi...
tinyurl.com/3y4cn5cm
tinyurl.com/dyzssueu
tinyurl.com/3mewae5d
www.gettyimages.com/detail/vi...
www.gettyimages.com/detail/vi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
tinyurl.com/3w4mzxhf
tinyurl.com/45969hkm
tinyurl.com/y9u6e932
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
www.gettyimages.com/detail/vi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
tinyurl.com/2rcbt58a
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
www.gettyimages.com/detail/vi...
www.gettyimages.com/detail/vi...
www.gettyimages.com/detail/vi...
www.gettyimages.com/detail/vi...
tinyurl.com/54m69vks
www.gettyimages.com/detail/vi...
www.gettyimages.com/detail/vi...
www.gettyimages.com/detail/vi...
www.gettyimages.com/detail/vi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
tinyurl.com/mw9ckz3x
Visit brilliant.org/scishow/ to get started learning STEM for free. The first 200 people will get 20% off their annual premium subscription and a 30-day free trial.
Yeah. We all know we are mushrooms.
Kept in the dark and fed bullsh*t.
That has been an hilarious truism for a very long time.
Humans rule, all else drool. Except for my very cute dog. That one is the king.
hi scishow team
thank you for all that you do
my cat hex was the best.
My dad used to call me a mushroom for sitting in a dark room playing vidja games all day.
Well father.. seems you were right all along.
😂
My mom does that too, and she's the one who told me about this video
awesome twitch page
Your dad thought you had too mush room 😂
jajajjajajja
I'm not a mushroom, I'm a fun guy.
That's it! Go to your room!
Perhaps yeast? I always think the folks making booze and bread are pretty fun
funny enough, tomorrow is my birthday and tonight at my birthday dinner my sister-in-law got me a pair of socks that have mushrooms on them and one says fun and the other says guys. good to see another fun guy in the house
There's not mush room for a fun guy these days ...
I'm not, but I'm fat so I need much room.
as someone whos been doing home mycology for the better part of two or three years I'm very happy with the newfound attention facing mushrooms. many people never realized how complex mushrooms really are.
Oh, I know. I've played Mario.
I like to tell the kids there's a mushroom bigger than a blue whale.
I'm concerned with how quick they got turned into a one a day deal when I feel they should be looked at further, and treated with more respect :/
@@timothygreer188That's not entirely accurate, since generally "mushroom" refers to the fruiting bodies rather than the organism as a whole. Like you wouldn't say that apples are larger than a person because basically every apple tree is.
We talking like, oysters or Uncle Ben's 😉. I did some mycology research in my undergrad on Aspergillus niger. Fungi are indeed very cool.
Eggs are grouped with dairy in your supermarket because they share a common cold-chain requirement.
Why are they grouped with olive oil and tuna cans in my supermarket??
@@frikativos Are you American? In America we keep eggs in the fridge but I think overseas they keep them at room temperature, so they're probably in a different department
@@frikativos Because you don't live in the US. Eggs in other places, especially Europe, are treated differently and do NOT need to be stored in an actively cooled environment as no part of their shell is dissolved during processing. In the US, the outer part of the shell is dissolved and the egg sterilized, meaning it's far less resistant to environmental effects and should be actively cooled until you eat it.
@@abigailsmith6000 European here. I just wanted to let people know that not everywhere eggs go together with milk. Actually, I had no idea they did in America until I watched this video few minutes ago.
They do not.
Every time I'm passing a mushroom I'm shouting "I have muscles and can move and you don't!" at it and it's shouting back about its ability to produce super complex chemical defenses or something.
It's just laughing as it releases brain-controlling spores.
@@peterprime2140 It's trash talking with all the plants and fungi for miles around using it's vast mycelial network, knowing that our pitifully simple electric neural network, completely isolated within the confines of our gross flesh bags, could never pick up or understand the dizzying array of methods they're using to insult us back.
It also has hundreds or thousands of genders and communicates telepthically
So maybe someday we'll catch up 👍
The whole horizontal gene transfer problem means the root is really rather obscured.
Wasn't there a theory about it happening between fungi and oomycetes? (Which explains why they have similar abilities)
And it may have happened between other groups too. This is gonna be tough to dig.
@@yukinagato1573We have horizontal gene transfer between reptiles and mammals… (viruses aren’t exactly picky about what genes they carry along…).
i realize after reading comments like this, most ppl here know wtf they’re talking about and i’m just a 12th grade student with a little bit of interest in science 😂
@@PlutosAsleepa little bit of interest that you follow up on for several years is precisely how you wind up knowing relevant things about a bunch of different topics! Just keep being interested in things and learning and you'll be able to do that too
@@PlutosAsleep Oh, hey. I'm a librarian. I just pick up random pieces of information all the time. Keep being curious and you'll get here eventually. :) I'm not an expert in anything, but I probably know enough to help you refine your research query on any given topic.
Understanding biology is like washing your car with sand: you are just scratching the surface.
That’s funny (and accurate)
@@jackwastakenx2 tell that to transphobes
@@tomkatt8274 I think you replied to the wrong thread
I love how no matter how hard we try a lot of life just refuses to be placed into a nice, simple, easy to understand category.
Which is something to expect when we all came out of the same basic lifeforms.
We are trying to piece together nearly 4 billion years of the evolution of life on Earth. Even putting together animals and fungi was inferring an event that happened a billion years ago. Genes become so saturated with mutations and back-mutations that the useful information (phylogenetic signal) gets swamped out by the noise for those ancient events. That is the main reason why we are now using as many genes as possible (hundreds to thousands) to solve the puzzle. Genes that evolve slowly are prized.
One of my favorites of taxonomy v. phylogenetics is the Elephant Shrew- what looks like a European shrew but with a longer nose… but it evolved on Africa during a time it was an island continent and had convergently evolved… it’s not a shrew, but it is genetically more related to elephants than shrew! It’s perfectly named on accident!
Australian marsupials are a great example of how animals keep evolving into similar niches/morpholgies. In the isolated absence of other mammals, they radiated into marsupial wolves, weasels, squirrels, deer, sloths, pigs, etc.
It’s 40 years since I left full time education. Back then the tree of life was still a seedling
it's 20 years for me earning about this - I'm really very surprised! fascinating ....
40 years ago was the 1980's. Not exactly an ancient era of scientific uncertainty when it comes to this subject.
To state what should be obvious, Savannah is a masterful script reader. This one was a beast!
I was scrolling down to say essentially the same thing and saw your comment! They really communicate the enthusiasm of science so well!
Yes! I think she makes the content more interesting.
@@elizabethdewbre1574 Sincere apologies for being *that* person, but I feel I have to let you know they put their pronouns in the description! "Hosted by: Savannah Geary (they/them)"
Not to call you out or anything, of course!
Yes, I came in to say that I really like this presenter. I'm not sure I can even describe the elusive quality that makes a presenter great, but Savannah unquestionably has it. They speak quickly but distinctly, their emphasis is all quite natural, pronunciation flawless. Also, I find this content very exciting because of all the new classifications and now I am off to look up "excavata fornicata" lol.
Yes. First time I 've seen her as host. Good reader.
On the one hand, I’m very happy to see science always changing. On the other hand, science updates continue to remind me how old and outdated I am 😅
The fact that you can accept that what you know may be outdated puts you miles beyond half of the US population. Be proud of that. c:
The fact that you assume that HALF the US Population can't except new information. Really does show how outdated and ignorant YOU are!!
Big relate. This video was almost all news to me!
Ah yes, memorizing and repeating all the different phyla of the animal kingdom back in middle school was so useful to me and utterly essential to my education. So relevant now.
Told You so, glad you figured out now you're older.
@linebreak -- Yeeep. Just like how useful advanced math is for most people, eh? Oh, and don't forget, there are no open-book tests in university and we "won't be allowed to use calculators in the real world / college / workplace!" *eyeroll* School gets a lot of things wrong, but it's the littler lies and busywork wastes of time that have come to offend me more, when I think back on it all.
So some sea weeds are not in the same kingdom as the other large plants? Fascinating!
You can't say kingdom. That is triggering.
@@jshsbeisb1836empire.
Yeah that was new information to me too, and I spend more time than most people pouring over phylogenetic/genomic trees. There's always something you don't know!
yeah all brown algae are that way
Being more closely related to fungi than a lot of other things makes sense. After all, we don't photosynthetize, we eat other stuff that was once alive, etc.
Our cell walls are also built the same way, out of the same type of material, versus plants, which are built very differently. I think animal and fungi cell energy processes are also the same, while both being very different from a plant's. I love this topic, I find it really interesting!
We also digest our food externally by secreting enzymes to break down our food, and then absorb the sugars, amino acids, etc. Yes, the path through your body from your mouth to anus is outside you.
Also, fungi make many organic molecules that animals make too, like cholesterol and chitin. It's nice that biology is finally trying to group things on a better way
Woohoo! I'm still a Eukaryote! I haven't been moved to the Archaea yet!
Random aside: Savannah always wears GREAT shirts, but the black t-shirt with the floral dinosaur skeletons that they wear in this video (& in a few others) is my absolute favourite.
I was thinking the same thing! I need to know where they get their cool dino shirts.
Love the "⭐ you are here," at first I thought it was cute but as the video went on I realized it was very important for following the explanation!
I'll admit, I legitimately laughed out loud when Savannah said: "Because more boxes! It's fun!!"
It’s good to have more light on these relationships! I was always underwhelmed by how diagrams of the eukaryote tree of life usually just had plants, animals and fungi branching off near the top, without clarifying their relationship much. It’s cool that we’re so similar to amoebae and slime molds!
Also two billion years is a hell of a long way back, amazing that we can make any progress at all on sorting out what happened back then.
I know what you mean about being underwhelmed. They tell us we came from a common ancestor and then present a handful of fully formed categories with little further explanation. I love how complex our understanding is becoming with the new research techniques.
On the topic of slime molds... There have been some interesting experiments showing that slime molds can "remember" past events and "learn" from them. I put those words in quotes because they don't have brains or even neurons, which is what we use to remember and learn, so their process of doing it is VERY different from ours. But the outcome is more or less the same. If they perform a new behavior or travel a new path that ends up being beneficial, they will repeat it in the future. If they perform a behavior or travel a path that's detrimental, they will avoid it in the future. This isn't a mere automatic response to environmental stimuli. It's like the difference between pulling your hand away from a hot flame (automatic) and knowing to not touch a hot flame the next time you see one. It shows a certain amount of intention built on past experiences, though it's difficult for us to imagine how slime molds might "think" or form that intent, since they're so incredibly different than we are.
I forgot to add that when two individuals of the same slime mold species are allowed to touch each other, they actually transfer this "learned" knowledge between them. So the leading edges of each slime mold will begin to exhibit the same, unique "learned" behavior of the other one even though it's not actually part of the organism that "learned" it.
@@suchnothing it’s easy to come away with the wrong impression that slime molds and other protists are more “primitive” due to how we categorize them, and nothing could be further from the truth! it’s best to assume that every living thing is extremely capable within its particular niche, even in ways that will surprise you
This is genuinely the first time I've encountered science news that conflicts with my education, and I am SO HERE FOR IT.
I'm finally old enough for "that's not what I learned in high school". The difference is that I care about what's being discovered now, so that isn't an excuse or dismissal, but an excited question. What next will be different from what I was taught? I can't wait!
Seriously! I graduated high school only a couple years ago and this is already hugely different from what I learned, which was just the basic model of "fungi, plants, animals, and miscellaneous (protists)." This is.... way more complicated obviously, not as nice and easy to teach to a class, so I get why we were taught the old model, but this feels better and makes me hyped
“The difference” compared to whom/what?
I agreed with the first part; second part seems to be an attempt to insult others (again, not sure who exactly) for no reason I can see. Who are you saying, aside from only yourself, doesn’t care about new scientific discoveries?
The sentence before it implies their younger self.
Mushrooms are our cousins and my cousin eats mushrooms. I feel conflicted with this newfound knowledge.
Cousin eats cousin eats cousin eats cousin
Not really. While I like them going into the newer classifications here, saying because we are distanly related, but closer than to other life, to slime moulds we are closer related to fungi is sadly completly wrong. Slime moulds are not fungi. At all. Or plants or animals. They are slime moulds. Like amoeba are amoeba. And both are relatively close to animals, but just as far from fungi as we are.
9:37 "Like all good trees, the root provides the hobbits a great hiding spot from the Black Riders"
So you're telling me *I* can't be killed in a way that matters?
Say the line Shroomjak!
👍for everyone involved in helping us get over the 'can't see the forest for the trees' syndrome💫
So King Koopa de-evolving Princess Daisy's dad into a mushroom/slime thing in the Super Mario Movie was kinda accurate? Cool.
“I cannot teach you about the mushrooms.” - hyperactivehedgehog’s biotech professor
Last biology class ~25 years ago, so yeah this is a shock, and REALLY damned cool & fascinating!
This kind of video is absolutely fantastic! Science evolving day by day based on technology that is younger than I am. Keep it up!
I love how deep the classification of life rabbit hole goes
I could go hours just hopping between articles about it
Sci show has the best presenters of any youtube science channel out there.
suddenly alabama developed a kink for mushrooms.
Your shirt goes so well with the episode. Has to really look at it to see the integration of the plants into the fossils. 🕵🏻♂️👨🏻🔬
A+ to whoever snuck the b-roll of the quokka in.
Being related to Fungi is not insulting at all ! It is a honour to be related to these fantastic orgamisms, which are indispensable for life on earth, and paly such an important role in the life of Homo sapiens. Think of medicine and food. And they gonna play a huge role in converting and breaking down the terrible contamination in Nature, which are caused by humans. I love Fungi, and am very thankful for their existence !
I thought it was pretty solidified the "kingdoms" thing is outdated as heck, since my first year of college we already knew how complex and descentralized the eukariots were, and how fungi, animals and other groups such as choanoflagellates are deeply related
Yup, a group united by a a unicellular stage with a single posterior flagellum (sperm for humans).
Pretty much everyone still thinks in terms of kingdoms sadly. Even most biology channels
The tree of life turned out to be a bush of life
Or an extremely tangled wig
That bushmasta
Good science comes with a heavy dose of humility.
Witnessing horizontal gene transfer (kinda) among multicellular organisms is pretty new too.
Just what I was thinking.
Not all our DNA is simply ancestral or the result of mutation - much of it has come from viruses.
So, we're also part virus!
I dig these as much for how the scripts are written as for the info presented. "Ever cleverer" is a lovely phrase.
You’re basically a mushroom… essentially a “fun guy.” 😂(fungi)
Just props for Savannah - they make me laugh and keep me engaged. More please! 😊
Nice presentation, Savannah! A fascinating perspective on evolution...
Thanks for letting us know why there was a pipe to The Mushroom Kingdom underneath New York.
You can't say kingdom anymore
Dairy and eggs are animal derived non meat products. It's actually pretty straightforward.
Basically think of farm products which are sorted into produce, meat products, and animal derived non meat.
Personally I couldn't care less where they are, as long as they're kept refrigerated.
I remember animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and archaea from when I was in school. It seems things have changed.
Love this channel ♡
When I was in library school, I worked in UMich's Natural History Museum's Birds library-- the research side of the museum was divided into departments according to the kingdoms. This is... kinda blowing my mind right now.
This was enlightening! Also, your shirt is incredible!
I get a distinct sense whenever I listen to this speaker that she sees the world very differently to me on a really basic level.
Elaborate?
@@HeatMiserr : It has to do with a philosophical movement called postmodernism.
Savannah is a great host. Theyre so engaging when they speak. And their shirt is amazing lol. This was a great episode- i had no idea how much more complex it is now!
Really enjoyed this video, informative and entertaining, I've subscribed.
Savannah, you are a Great teacher thank you!
This was a fantastic update to my old education (I turned 63 yesterday)! Such a broad topic explained so eloquently. Thanks!
Great video, thank you.
Very interesting one thanks for your hard work!
That shirt is so beautiful! Oh, and thank your for the video!
Very interesting update to my basic education, thanks!
I specifically want to be turned into mushrooms when I die and this explains why
To think being closely related to fungus is insulting just shows how little the script writers know about fungus.
Sadly thats wrong. We are "closely" related to slime moulds, which are in no way, shape of form fungi. I have no idea how they made that mistake, because it´s really basic stuff.
This is crazy. And just imagine how much more it's going to change as we encounter extraterrestrial life.
I have a lot of questions about viruses in relation to this. I know, I know it isn't categorized as "life" (although I disagree with that assessment). But I feel like you cannot separate it from these categorizations because not only do they have a massive impact on evolution but they are also a know cause for mutations and gene swapping. So how does it all get sorted when two seemingly unrelated groups have some similar genes, knowing that gene swapping and mutations are a thing?
Additionally, some bacteria have this ability. Not only to swap genetic material amongst themselves but they will encode virus dna to help protect themselves against viruses. How does these gene sequencing account for this factor? I think there are some very clear examples of evolution that point to the idea that isn't not a straightforward line. Even mitochondria speak to that.
Viruses are not categorized as life, because they don't have a metabolism, are not built from cells and can't reproduce on their own - they are reproduced. Life needs to be functional on its own. Viruses are not. They're parasitic molecules with emergent life-like behaviour.
That's why they're excluded.
Also, even if genes are swapped to other places, they still have the same code, so they're still comparable. You can even compare the order of genes - synteny groups - and deduce from there the evolutionary distance between groups.
It doesn't matter if the words "Fae" and "Fay" are on different pages of two fantasy novels, you can still compare them, because they encode the same concept.
Life, a wonderfully fuzzy concept, and may it always remain so hehe
Excellent episode! I'm a biologist but not a specialist in this area, though it's very relevant to me. Thank you for bringing me up to date! My only quibble, though, is with your implication early in the video that "animals" somehow aren't a thing anymore. Or to put it in science lingo, that somehow the metazoa are no longer considered a monophyletic group. Nothing in the rest of the video makes that claim or even hints at such a conclusion. I'm relieved to conclude by the time I reached the end of the video that I need not fear "animals" ceasing to exist! (Except possibly in the extinction sense, if we keep on the path we're going on... but that's another thing entirely.) Anyway, I learned a ton from this video so thank you so much!
According to Hank, all animals are fish. Also, butts are legs.
He probably meant all tetrapods.
all vertebrates are fish*
but "fish" isn't an actual taxonomic group that biologists use
If we expanded the term "fish" so it doesn't exclude all terrestrial vertebrates, then it would become a valid taxonomic clade. Humans would be fish that walk on our pelvic fins.
Y'all taking my joke way too seriously, lol.
@@ThatReplyGuy Quoting Hank incorrectly was a joke? No I think you just messed up.
Oh, wow, that was so interesting😊 I'd love to see more videos on Phylogenetics/Phylogenomics! Or on horizontal gene transfer!
lmao I love how two of the new supergroups are called CRUMS and TSAR
Great video 👍🏿
"this is a feature, not a bug!" oh we're REALLY re-defining these groups huh
I'm happy I’m learning about this for fun now that I am out of school. I'd be sweating if I'm expected to memorize these newer groups for a test.
I enjoy this host's presentations.
8:07 “slightly insulting”? Mushrooms are AWESOME. It is a _blessing_ to be here with them
I believe the reason we group Eggs and Dairy is pretty old. Both used to be the major animal products you could obtain that isn't meat! So, farmers and people on the market would put them on shelf as "Animal Products" and we kept the tradition.
No, it isn't: it's because, in the USA, both eggs and dairy product require refrigeration. In Europe and Japan, eggs are not refrigerated in the warehouse or supermarket, because they don't "purify" them like they do in the US, just to make them look better to the know-nothing consumer.
instead of a tree or a fan... how about the bush of life! lol
One of the best things I've learned from your videos is how little we know about our world. In the future, this video will be screenshotted like the diagrams you shared from Darwin and Haeckel.
"Around the turn of the 21st century, we made a lot of progress with sequencing genomes. Here's an example of a "tree of life" from that era with seven main super groups." :)
You broke my brain... What happened to "Kingdom, phylem, class, order, family, genus, species?"
This really only covered kingdom/domain. Phylum down still exist.
But even in those, they get shuffled when we realize things are more / less related.
@@eric_has_no_idea so now it's "supergroup", phylum, etc... ?
@@ginninadancesmight be best to find someone who knows taxonomy. Forrest Valki - www.youtube.com/@RenegadeScienceTeacher would be better.
I'm in the middle of trying to figure out what happened to taxonomy in the last 20yrs since I left biology.
MORE BOXES = MORE FUN 😊🎉
I love this host!
🤜🤛
I am a fun guy!
Sus fungus among us
I'm just Ken
TSAR would also include old Russian royals.
So I'm a fungus with anxiety? Figures.
Valid👍
Knew it, deep down in the dark, damp, inermost corners of my psyche, I always knew this to be as true as a midday storm is grey.
10:27 I LOVE BOXES
There's a guy called AronRa, who is trying to build a phylogenetic tree of life. He has a channel here. With great info on evolution.
Aron Ra is a wonderful man. I love his series on evolution! And his utter *beatdown* of Kent Hovind.
I love the "Ming The Merciless" look, I'm sure he puts the willies up certain Dominionist and YECs, on that alone!@@nobody.of.importance
I love Savannah- she comes across as so passionate about the subject ❤
Savannah uses ‘they’ but totally agree! They’re super engaging
@@taylor3950 oh, I had no idea! Sorry Savannah!
@@lizziewayte456 Thank you for not being a jackass. That may sound sarcastic, but the internet has been hell lately for anyone who isn't cis. It's nice seeing someone not being a jerk for once.
Would love to hear more about the root and hypotheses around it. Like what if we find there are multiple roots?
Also what's latest discoveries surrounding tartigrades. 😁
I thought the "tree" concept was itself getting a bit tired. There has been increasing evidence of the prevalence of genetic transfer between "branches".
The tree is still useful to show how lineages of organisms diverge. Using hundreds to thousands of genes whose histories do not conflict help us built that tree. Those genes that do conflict are excluded, and are candidates for horizontal gene transfer. The tress showing the history of individual genes differing from to the organisms trees suggest possible transfer events.
Yeah, as one commenter wrote, they are a pain in the ass for those not studying horizontal gene transfer. Gene duplication and divergence is another issue. Fascinating how genes give rise to other genes (rather than de novo origins), but a nightmare for phylogeneticists who need genes that diverge with lineage splitting and not gene duplication.
@@hopsiepike I agree with all you said. It's just that a lot of sources still show the bare tree structure without mentioning your well-explained subtleties. I am over 70yo, but I only found out in 2015 that mitochondria can migrate between cells in the human body, and that Mitochondria are in a constant state of fusion and division inside the cell. It's not all purely vertical transmission of genes within species from the parental generation to offspring via sexual or asexual reproduction, which was the only method taught to us.
its mind blowing to realize that somehow we have a common ancestor with our gut biome
I knew it already, but it's nice to be validated, lol
beautiful I love complicated tips
11:17 Thank you! Finally someone outright says it!
Wow! A different way to look at life since my biology class in 1964,
you might say the host is a real fun guy
2023 has been a fantastic year for mushrooms here in Pennsylvania. Ive found species i havent seen in decades
If I may ask, what sort of species? I found that my morel season was a bust but chanterelles, trumpets oysters, and boletes have been filling out my pantry.
@@brianadams3189 It's been basically the same for me too. I only found a few morels this year, but I didn't go out too many times either. But the past couple months I've found a massive amount of chanterelles, black trumpets, all different species of milk mushrooms, corals, and countless types that are just beautiful to look at and photograph or make videos about for my RUclips channel. I think I've taken like 1400 photos so far this year of all different species lol
@@randomergy683 yeah, I actually got tricked by a lovely patch of golden yellow rumaria into thinking that it was the biggest flush of chanterelles I had ever seen. Luckily, most of the corals still taste good. Also, I agree, the lactarius species have been booming this year. Hopefully the good conditions hold through maitake, enoki, and lion's mane seasons. Good luck out there!
That was a wild ride
peer reviewed scientific journals are just fancy group chats
3:09 I'm glad to see this modern tree finally get some recognition. Sadly Picozoa still isn't correctly placed and Rhodelphidia wasn't even included
That _Isotricha intestinalis_ @ 10:50 was so *CUTE!!!* haha It looks all soft & fuzzy! I have no clue what it is or how it will kill you, but I want one to snuggle with 🤗haha
I really like this host
So I'm lumped in with zombie ant fungi. Good to know.