Types of Network Elements Explained

Classification of network elements | Network filter and transmission lines |
1. *Linear Elements*
Linear elements are those for which the relationship between voltage and current is linear. In other words, these elements obey Ohm's law (V = IR), and their response to input signals is directly proportional to the input.
*Examples of Linear Elements:*
*Resistors:* The voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current through it (V = IR).
*Inductors:* In an ideal inductor, the voltage is proportional to the rate of change of current (V = L(di/dt)).
*Capacitors:* In an ideal capacitor, the current is proportional to the rate of change of voltage (I = C(dv/dt)).
2. *Non-Linear Elements*
Non-linear elements are those for which the relationship between voltage and current is not linear. These elements do not obey Ohm's law, and their response to input signals is not directly proportional to the input. Their behavior often changes with the magnitude of the input signal.
3. Active and Passive Elements:**
*Active Elements:* Elements that can supply energy to a circuit, like transistors, batteries, and operational amplifiers.
*Passive Elements:* Elements that cannot supply energy to a circuit and can only dissipate or store energy, like resistors, capacitors, and inductors.
4.Bilateral and Unilateral Elements:**
*Bilateral Elements:* Elements that have the same characteristics in both directions of current flow, such as resistors and inductors.
*Unilateral Elements:* Elements that have different characteristics in different directions, like diodes.