"Dumping a artificial black hole in the middle of the planet or rip the planet apart to reform it into a shell world ... but those are the only sane options." - love this channel! :D
Even worse is the fact that trying to build an atmosphere with large quantities of a gas like this will push all the Oxygen up. Even Carbon Dioxide (CO2) can displace Oxygen if you have too much and that's less than 1.5 times the weight of Oxygen gas (O2). Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is over 4 times the weight of Oxygen gas, so it would basically create an invisible "ocean" of SF6 that would asphyxiate you while most of the other gases floated above it.
@@ConnorwithanO Methane might work the main problem with Methane will be that radiation easily breaks it apart transforming it into more complex organic molecules that rain out of the atmosphere onto the surface as seen on Pluto and Titan. On one hand we should be thankful that this happens as without it the Earth would just be another desolate barren wet rock. But it also would expedite hydrogen escape due to photo-ionization and photo-disintegration respectively as it doesn't take much energy to boost a hydrogen atom beyond escape velocity. Now the destruction of methane could probably be solved quite effectively with an ecology that recycles those nutrients back into a gas so avoiding hydrogen loss would be the main issue and one not unique to the Earth. Star lifting could probably fix that pretty quickly too. and I have to wonder could we develop our artificial magnetosphere to capture some degree of incoming hydrogen, and while you are at it helium 3, from the solar wind?
"Carbon Dioxide in large concentrations has a lesser-known effect of making the people breathing it into lethargic morons." almost spit out my drink & a snack
"They're an entire culture dedicated to a common goal, working together as one to turn a lifeless rock into a garden. We had a garden and we paved it." "They couldn't do any of that without the knowledge of centuries from Earth. Earth must come first."
And then they realized, "why the hell are we eeking out an existence on this low G, poisonious, irradiated, no concentrated resources, in a gravity well, cold, shit hole?" And they split.
Outstanding episode!!! I wanted you to discuss terraforming like this for long now! People dont understand that no planet gets terraform in the same way, and depends who we terraforming it for!
You've successfully infiltrated my mind. I just realized for the last several weeks I've seen your video in my notifications and said something like, "I'm gonna make sure to watch this on lunch." You know, when I have a snack and a drink. Or, like this morning, I intentionally got breakfast before turning this video on.
Isaac and team, thank you so much for this one. Your videos just keep getting better and better. Congratulations on the 5th anniversary. Great job, guys.
That would never work. Terraforming Mars will never happen. Colonies perhaps, like explained in the beginning but unless a proper magneto sphere can be generated it will never be terraformed.
Sitting at KFC with my headphones in quietly listening to this and Isaac tells me how CO2 males people into lethargic morons. I laughed waaaaaaaaayyyyy out loud and got everyone in here looking at me. 🤣🤣🤣
Favourite method of giving Mars a magnetic field is to wrap a conductive spiral around the equator. Made from aluminium, continuously poured into an enormous trench and powered from an equatorial band of solar panels. Helpfully also distributes power around the planet 24.5/7. While its inductance would be enormous, to protect it from solar wind induced currents, large single turn short circuited rings could be placed either side of it. The cross sectional area has to be silly to keep the volt drop down.
SFIA, where the idea of moving stars and making mega structures and Intersystem empires are more realistic than most Sci-fi ideas and portrayals. Terraforming Mars, piffle, we can make O'Neill cylinders instead, and lots of them. Great work as always Isaac and crew.
I loved the part where you hung a lampshade on the fact that for this channel using black holes or turning Mars into a shell world are 'sane' options for increasing mass.
@@CarFreeSegnitz I wouldn't want to terraform Titan, though. Keep it the way it is so we can construct massive computational structures for maximum efficiency.
@Isaac Arthur: I know you dropped it a while ago, but I just want to mention it's great you stopped mentioning your speech impediment. I think it is hardly an impediment, since we all hear you loud and clear. Glad to know you have embraced it, as your voice and the way you speak are a big part of why we all keep coming back to your channel!
He was responding to comments he would get constantly, especially comparing him to Elmer Fudd. I think you are severely underestimating this, and note that by speaking on the channel, he was practicing to reduce the rhoticism, and it has got significantly less noticeable. I think you're seeing it the wrong way: he is overcoming it, not "embracing" it. And the discomfort from the beginning has been with viewers, not with Isaac in the first place. I think you are trying to be complementary, but it came out wrong, so it sounds like you just want to pretend it isn't there, and have Isaac pretend it isn't there, and if we can all be in total denial, that's a better approach. I don't think it is.
@@squirlmy I know he got a lot of comments, I was quite early to join his channel. And I've always taken to his fuddiness; I've known quite a few people with different types of impediments, some could be overcome and some could not due to physical constraints. I don't see special value in the level to which he has or has not overcome something that I simply never had personal issues with. I'm glad Isaac got to a point where he doesn't feel like he owed anyone an explanation, and works under the assumption that people will look past differences in pronunciation between himself and anyone else, and focus on the content of the material instead. I never said or meant he is looking, or is to look past anything.
Alright. Your comment about the mar’s length of day and compare it to earth’s, and how Martians would prefer a longer day for added sleep, rather than a shorter day, w/ less time for work. However, I don’t think that a minor difference in rotation would be an issue, as Martians would just adjust to the day length, as is. The only issue would be time orientation with earth. Eventually Tuesday on earth would be Wednesday on mars, or vice versa. So why expend the additional energy to adjust the rotation, if adaptation was possible.
one solution could be to add a minute and a half to every hour, so martian hours would have 61 minutes and 30 seconds. That way it would sync with earth hourwise. As for years and months, it doesn't need to sync at all.
What if Martians remodeled the early earth to suit themselves when their magnetosphere failed? Perhaps the late heavy bombardment 4 billion years ago was to set the earth's rotation and chemistry parallel to early Martian conditions.
deGrelle's Ghost - Although the idea of Martians “Eresforming” Earth 4 BYA is extremely improbable, you really don’t need to insult the guy. There are some scientists who believe that life evolved elsewhere & then came here (“panspermia”), & that one of those places could be Mars. That’s one question that would be answered by actually going to Mars - www.scientificamerican.com/article/could-life-have-evolved-on/ earthsky.org/space/robert-zubrin-on-why-we-should-go-to-mars www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/the-human-explorer www.space.com/22577-earth-life-from-mars-theory.html
Would kinda love to see real dog space suits, of the most popular human companion species dogs and perhaps horses I'd imagine being near the top of the list of species with the potential to adapt to such augmentation. I base this on the fact that dogs are very trainable and there is good evidence the vast majority of the species can be trained to be comfortable wearing garments to at least some degree. Horses I would be even more willing to bet on being trainable to become comfortable wearing something like a space suit, hell they can be trained to wear very heavy and restrictive materials including decking them out in plate armour covering most of their body a space suit would arguably be both lighter and less restrictive. At the other end of the spectrum of human companions that could be trained to adapt to living with us in such environments I guess would be such as the domestic cat, as a species they are extremely resistant to training and few humans are able to train them to grow comfortable wearing even lightweight garments let alone anything as bulky and restrictive as a space suit.
To flesh out the idea completely: Springtime for Mars and Curiosity Space X is happy and gay! We're launching at a faster pace Look out, here comes the human race! Springtime for Mars and Curiosity Cerberus are fine plains once more! Springtime for Mars and Curiosity Watch out, Europa We're going on tour! Springtime for Mars and Curiosity... CHORUS: Look, it's springtime LEAD TENOR STORMTROOPER: Winter for Pluto and Earth CHORUS AND STORMTROOPER: Springtime for Mars and Curiosity! CHORUS: Springtime! Springtime! Springtime! Springtime! Springtime! Springtime! Springtime! Springtime! STORMTROOPER: Come on, humans Go into your dance! STORMTROOPER "Wentworth" AKA “Rolf”: I was born on Planet Earth and that is why I am Wentworth. STORMTROOPER "MEL": Don't be stupid, be a smarty, come and join with Elon's party!
Last line needs one more syllable. Something like. "Don't be stupid, be a smarty, come and join WITH Elon's party!" Or the closer-to-original. "Don't be stupid, be a smarty, come and join the NASA party!"
You don't need a magnetic field around mars. Atmospheric leakage takes place on geologic timescales. If you can build the atmosphere in the first place, it's trivial to maintain it. And the atmosphere itself is what blocks the most radiation. Mar's current atmosphere already shields enough such that being on the surface is about equal to being on ISS in terms of radiation exposure.
Joke: Now, I see why the Klingon was so fearful of the Genesis Torpedo. Imagine our planet getting hit with a torpedo filled with Phil Collin albums. 👽😂👍🏼
I know that Isaac is an advocate for orbital habitats, rather than terraforming . I think he laid out a reasonable case for that in this episode. I just miss the math calculations from earlier episodes. Love the channel.
Deconstruct Mars and it’s satellites build dyson swarms of live able space for billions maybe trillions. I don’t know how much that provides. Hell sweep the asteroid belt and take Venus and Mercury with as well.
Don't forget the near-Earth asteroids. Before and after our position in our orbital path, much closer than the asteroid belt or even Mars, and lower gravity than the Moon - important for moving stuff around.
Thanks Isaac, for bringing us wild eyed Mars terra-forming advocates "down to Earth" on the reality and scope of the project. Bludgeoning us with facts and figures to depress us with the length of time it will take to build an ocean with comet water, for example! OK, so it seems impossible in less than a million years! So, we had better get started now!! :D
Except A) it's hard to get a vast patch of flat 'ground' in a funnel spinner, since the center of it is pointy, and B) nobody is going to want to play baseball in a rotating reference frame like that.
“Nobody is going to want to...” Might seem like common sense for most. But, some will take that as a challenge. And others might actually want to by default. And few might already be dreaming up ways to make money out of it.
@@eds1942 Indeed, the assertion that nobody would want to rise to the novel challenge presented sounds like utter nonsense and completely at odds with human nature, it would be a challenge that existed after all and that alone is sufficient motivation for some humans to devote their energies to first conquering it and then to master it in a never ending effort to raise the bar of those who came before. That said I could conceivably see the governing bodies of baseball refusing to acknowledge it and even potentially amending the rules to explicitly exclude it as being "official" baseball, just don't see this dampening enthusiasm to take on the new challenge. Can't see it being long before they were pressured to change their stance as if they failed to do so I am certain that it would inevitably grow to become a official variant sport of it's own complete with governing body, leagues, big teams and so on one that ironically would ultimately be destined to dwarf the original as the population living in habitats will dwarf the surfacers in time heh.
@John Buick Remember not all of Earth receives the same amount of sunlight. It's pretty poor near the poles, and yet there is plant life. If you want to grow crops, you'll have to rely on Greenhouses and some other tricks, but not that different from what is already done in countries near the poles.
@John Buick Ah, but the Bible says God made all the creatures that creepith and flyith and crawlith, and swimith, etc. Nothing about those that Infectith!! ;D
I love your vids on planets! I was wondering if you could make a video on potential ways to harness gravity and what we could do with it! Worm holes, earth gravity on planets and such things
I've just started this video, but what about dumping our nuclear waste near Mars' core to heat it up? As far as I know, it's mostly the nuclear material that keeps Earth's outer core from freezing.
Please support terrestrial genetic engineering of parasites to make them less creepy... well, less deadly at least. We're working on it, but the politics are a serious pain in the ass. Then we can get around bio-forming Mars for those silly folks who want to leave Earth just to stick themselves into another gravity well (I'm all for leaving Earth) ;) ruclips.net/video/TnzcwTyr6cE/видео.html
You can actually genetic engineer them to make them usefull. For example specific parasites that help you loose weight without a diet. Eat what you want, as much as you want, parasites will just eat all the excess nutrients.
Combine this episode with the one on future sports: Skydiving on a terraformed Mars. With the thicker atmosphere and lower gravity, it would last forever (hyperbole) and have a smaller chance of a catastrophic end in the event that something goes wrong (improperly deployed chute or not landing in the proper position).
Even an air pressure like Denver, CO might be enough on Mars (or the Moon?) to give a survivable terminal velocity. Go ahead and do that mile-high cliff dive!
I never got why you keep insisting that to terraform a planet you'd need to process every square meter of surface area and add algae. Why can't you just seed all of the soil bacteria you might need, plus algae, and then leave it to process the soil and spread? Mars soil is really similar to Earth soil, except for the perchlorates (we have bacteria that can process that) and the biomatter in it, which would build up in time with lifeforms geowing and dieing in the soil.
@@dazza2350 why would it take aeons for soil bacteria to establish themselves? or for seeds to sprout and use artificial nutrients to grow? I'm not trying to start life on a dead world and let the life do all of the work. I'm just saying that once you adjust the air to something plants and bacteria can survive in, you can start plants and bacteria off and let it fix the soil.
@@neutral_narr have you ever seen how easy hydroponics is? We could easily do that one a massive scale. Then you just add worms and bacteria to break stuff down, and nature will process the ground on its own. Like it did here on Earth.
It probably makes the most sense to simply "dome" over the whole surface of the planet, one section at a time as demand dictates (although a flat roof, supported by columns would be more useful, because you could build on top of it). An enclosed city with a "sky" 100 metres up and artificial lighting simulating a 24-hour day/night cycle could seem pretty Earth-like (other than the low gravity). Each city could have a different climate, to appeal to different people. New Vancouver might be temperate, with four distinct "seasons," and boulevards lined with Martian pines; while New Honolulu would be warm and summery year-round with sandy beaches and Martian coconut palm trees, etc. You could attach your public transportation infrastructure to the ceiling, allowing the ground area to be a pleasant mix of green spaces, public areas and walking/cycling trails.
I wonder if you could steal Venus's atmosphere by ionizing it with energy from the sun and then funnelling it towards Mars with a series of giant magnets.
27:38 - A footage of a properly conducted Exterminatus as ordered by the Imperial Inquisition Ordo Xenos and carried on by the Ultramarines Chapter of space marines.
@@isaacarthurSFIA Of course, my bad. However, half- asleep while writing it, I wasn't at all able to either recall the name or google it. So I went for vanilla. ;o) I always had a suspicion, though, that the proper centity to perform exterminati would have been Imperial Dalek legion. ;o)
@@isaacarthurSFIA Question: What do you think abput the new lore/fluff regarding resurection of Roboute and the pact with the new Eldar faction? Too rosy?
@@veejayroth I don't think so, the plot was getting a little to dumb-dark, tragedy and darkness need some contrast or they get old, rather than impactful, or you have to keep upping the ante till forced to use utter abusrdity and you get endless memes about it. Plus, we've had basically the same plot since the 2nd/3rd Ed days hanging at 1 minute to midnight, so it was past time to advance things a bit and the HEresy era novels proved there was interest in other periods of the setting. At to Roboute, I'm never been a huge Smurf fan but I think he was a good pick and Abnett did a good job in humanizing him in the HH books to be an interesting character, and the UM by extension, rather than somewhat boring MAry Sues
@@isaacarthurSFIA I'm actually pleased you see it this way. I've spoken with one too many "doom'n'gloom traditionalists" who just have it that WH40k setting is supposed to be andlessly helpless - ypu know, the type that hated the Tau, before the rumors about mindcontrol by the ethereals stained "appropriately" the too positive vibe of the race. I am happy that they chose Roboute to be the one to become this ally to "dirty xenos" as it feels very satisfying to have the posterboy struggle with such a thing, while becomming the de-facto Emperor. Who would have thought, that maybe not only Ogres, but also Smurfs have layers like onion. xD And I also very much like the extra-emo elves + I've been waiting for ages to have fluff-friendly reason to combine eldar and imperial units. Finally! Now, let's summon some eldars through human webway gate to get their tetraforming tech, to speed up the Mars thing, before anyone starts digging too deep and finds some c'tan shards. IYKWIM.
It's great to watch a show that messes with your expectations so much. I, for one, am sure that if I saw a cannister labeled 'sulfur hexofluoride', the last thing on my mind would have been "Yeah, filling my lungs with sulphur and fluoride compounds is a swell idea!"
Thanks for another great thought provoking video! Just imagine we start firing comets at Mars to give it water and we inadvertently start a war with the subtarainin population that thinks they are under attack!!?
I'd like to see a video on why we need to colonize a new planet vs building a space cylinder habitat. I'm assuming that resource availability is a key factor.
I live in Arizona. You don't need to do any of that complicated stuff. Build trailer parks with pickle ball courts and old people from Canada and California will show up. They will bring their own oxygen. Problem solved.
Why not create a new moon for Mars as well? (like move Ceres out from the belt or make one out fusing asteroids together). Phobos and Deimos are pretty much negligible, so this new moon could help with developing its magnetosphere to better hold a new atmosphere.
@@feynstein1004 the new moon could produce tidal effects in the Martian core to create a magnetic field like on Earth. However, moving a dwarf planet the size of Ceres to Mars orbit is a gargantuan feet. We don't have the technology to do this.
David Rosner. We could just make one by merging lots of smaller asteroids together, (it'll take a long time but so does terraforming), or using several asteroids as a gravity tractor to tow Ceres into Martian orbit. Though the first idea seems easier.
@David Rosner Earth's magnetic field isn't produced by tidal effects but by the molten core afaik. Assuming Mars' core isn't molten, even with tidal heating, it might take millions of years to get it to melt again. That kind of timescale isn't practical.
I know you know that what you showed at 5:55 was not the Mediterranean Sea, but I still have to point out for others that was the Great Lakes on the U.S.-Canadian border.
"Team Coriolis wins the Solar System baseball World Series ... again" "Earth prime minister vows to enforce spin gravity baseball ban 'throughout the solar system'" "Mars and minor planets coalition in open rebellion against the baseball ban" Solar system-wide war I, the first of 'the baseball wars', begins...
How accurate is the _Red Mars, Blue Mars, Green Mars_ trilogy? 5:22 "These options probably sound the next best thing to impossible..." and this coming from a man who talks about _MOVING ENTIRE GALAXIES_ ? Dropped 28 minutes ago! Only 1,224 views! Thanks RUclips!
I think Kim Stanley Robinson made a good effort, but failed in some details. For instance, in Red Mars, a pair of explorers are dropping windmills around the planet from a zeppelin. Near the end of the mission a planet wide dust storm hits and somehow causes them to need more power to get home (I honestly forgot why they needed more power, but I think it has to do with them trying to fly against the wind). As a solution to the problem, they take some of the windmills and mount them to the outside of the zeppelin to generate the power needed to operate the propellers to push the zeppelin through the air that is powering the windmills that powers the propellers... I think they mentioned something about perpetual motion machines back in freshman physics. Given this glaring failure, I wouldn't put much stock in the science of the books.
@@WitekStraus The dirigible wasn't anchored to the ground. The only wind they should experience is that created by propelling themselves through the air. The power from the windmills powers the propellers, which must push enough air to move the airship fast enough for the windmills to generate power in addition to overcoming air friction. This is a violation of the conservation of energy.
I think the instant transformation of Earth's economy after the flood disaster is the least plausible thing in the books. I don't see any way the transnats wouldn't take the world down entirely rather than let that happen.
seems that I have some points to add. Humans can live at half atmospheric pressure or the air pressure at 5000 meters above sealevel. Humans can live for some time without nitrogen in the air and even modest percentage of nitrogen in air are necessary for long term survival of humans. Further most plants can do without nitrogen in air too when the water contains solved nitrogen salts. Plants can be grown in en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroponics or mist without soil. Thus the only gases to grow plants are oxygen and CO2. As plants survive much higher CO2 content than insects and mammals that can be used to get rid of plant pests. Actually I think most people like Dune like desert planets and just giving Mars a modest oxygen-CO2 atomsphere which barely let's humans survive could be a nice background for a SF story. Just some domes or underground caves or tunnels for growing plants and an oasis here and there and I think we can skip the sandworms. I am not sure if I remember the figures correctly but I guess that's around 3.3 tons of oxygen per square meter so that humans could breath on Mars.
> moves to mars to sleep more
> gets 37 more minutes of work
Right, moves to Mars, so much work to do in first years, that 37 minutes of sleep per day is cherished!!
lol
> mfw
I was hoping that terraforming Mars would be as easy as Arnold Schwarzenegger placing his hand on a console.
Like ....... let someone else do it?
See you at the party Richter!
Hey Benny, SCREW YOU!!!
It is, we just have to find that mountain, then find the entrance into the cave area. The good news is we know what it looks like from the movie.
Make sure you're indoors when you do this or your eyes will do a Rodney Dangerfield impression.
"Dumping a artificial black hole in the middle of the planet or rip the planet apart to reform it into a shell world
... but those are the only sane options." - love this channel! :D
I wonder what the insane options are
Sulfur hexafluoride can pool dangerously at the bottom of lungs. So it's not entirely non toxic
Even worse is the fact that trying to build an atmosphere with large quantities of a gas like this will push all the Oxygen up. Even Carbon Dioxide (CO2) can displace Oxygen if you have too much and that's less than 1.5 times the weight of Oxygen gas (O2). Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is over 4 times the weight of Oxygen gas, so it would basically create an invisible "ocean" of SF6 that would asphyxiate you while most of the other gases floated above it.
@@atk05003 Methane, on the other hand, is lighter than air. So it could form a greenhouse layer in the upper atmosphere.
just turn upside down
@@ConnorwithanO Methane might work the main problem with Methane will be that radiation easily breaks it apart transforming it into more complex organic molecules that rain out of the atmosphere onto the surface as seen on Pluto and Titan. On one hand we should be thankful that this happens as without it the Earth would just be another desolate barren wet rock.
But it also would expedite hydrogen escape due to photo-ionization and photo-disintegration respectively as it doesn't take much energy to boost a hydrogen atom beyond escape velocity. Now the destruction of methane could probably be solved quite effectively with an ecology that recycles those nutrients back into a gas so avoiding hydrogen loss would be the main issue and one not unique to the Earth. Star lifting could probably fix that pretty quickly too. and I have to wonder could we develop our artificial magnetosphere to capture some degree of incoming hydrogen, and while you are at it helium 3, from the solar wind?
@@atk05003 this sounds sucky, would the sf6 at least flow to low ground?
"Carbon Dioxide in large concentrations has a lesser-known effect of making the people breathing it into lethargic morons."
almost spit out my drink & a snack
What about his mention of nitrous oxide?
So it's basically the equivalent of tv and RUclips
I agree. I thought it was hilarious.
see every office building ever, where poor ventilation concentrates CO2 levels to mindaffecting levels.
DNA helices without a minor and major groove.. :(
Great video though.
Thanks for this down-to-earth explanation of the almost insurmountable challenges to make Mars a second Earth (pun not intended). Much appreciated!
"They're an entire culture dedicated to a common goal, working together as one to turn a lifeless rock into a garden. We had a garden and we paved it."
"They couldn't do any of that without the knowledge of centuries from Earth. Earth must come first."
I read with the voice of Shohreh Aghdashloo
Avatar?
@@MyLifeInVideos red Mars I think
@@MyLifeInVideos its from the expanse
And then they realized, "why the hell are we eeking out an existence on this low G, poisonious, irradiated, no concentrated resources, in a gravity well, cold, shit hole?" And they split.
Outstanding episode!!! I wanted you to discuss terraforming like this for long now! People dont understand that no planet gets terraform in the same way, and depends who we terraforming it for!
You've successfully infiltrated my mind. I just realized for the last several weeks I've seen your video in my notifications and said something like, "I'm gonna make sure to watch this on lunch." You know, when I have a snack and a drink. Or, like this morning, I intentionally got breakfast before turning this video on.
lol. Transferring the population of London to Mars while terraforming because they'd feel at home complaining about the weather is sheer brilliance!
My vote is for Seattle; they complain about a lot more than the weather!! Says a guy in sunny AZ! :D
This was awesome to see after a long night at work. Thank you for these videos they're awesome!
Isaac and team, thank you so much for this one. Your videos just keep getting better and better. Congratulations on the 5th anniversary. Great job, guys.
Great video. I like the idea of putting big telescopes in orbit and focus the sun light into the planet. What do you guys think?
A solar sail aka the "soletta" in Robinson's Mars Trilogy was used to heat the planet.
Mirrors are cheaper & lighter.
That would never work. Terraforming Mars will never happen. Colonies perhaps, like explained in the beginning but unless a proper magneto sphere can be generated it will never be terraformed.
I love LAZER...
Pointless unless you can keep the atmosphere, so it is useless all alone
Can you do a video going over bioforming Mars and building an ecosystem from scratch, and designing plants that will help make Mars better
Isaac, I've been loving your channel for 3 years now. Thank you so much, again, for what you give us. God bless and keep up the great work!!
Thank you Anthony!
Sitting at KFC with my headphones in quietly listening to this and Isaac tells me how CO2 males people into lethargic morons. I laughed waaaaaaaaayyyyy out loud and got everyone in here looking at me. 🤣🤣🤣
No wonder people have gotten so dumb over the past few decades /s?
Favourite method of giving Mars a magnetic field is to wrap a conductive spiral around the equator. Made from aluminium, continuously poured into an enormous trench and powered from an equatorial band of solar panels. Helpfully also distributes power around the planet 24.5/7. While its inductance would be enormous, to protect it from solar wind induced currents, large single turn short circuited rings could be placed either side of it. The cross sectional area has to be silly to keep the volt drop down.
SFIA, where the idea of moving stars and making mega structures and Intersystem empires are more realistic than most Sci-fi ideas and portrayals.
Terraforming Mars, piffle, we can make O'Neill cylinders instead, and lots of them.
Great work as always Isaac and crew.
Great episode! Thanks Isaac and everyone else who contributed
Springtime
for Ares
and Mercury!
Small steps
are giant leaps
to-day!
I wish someone would terraform my back yard!
Another great vid. I dropped a like.
That sounds awfully wrong lol
I love the way you speak Mr Isaac Arthur 😉❤️
One of the Best, if not the best!
Space Realated Channals out!!! Well done! Great Channel! And/or the Best!
Everyone would desire 37 more minutes of sleep. And yet I see this video at 3 am losing them...
The quality alone of this guys videos is amazing
Fantastic. Outward Bound is my favorite series on this channel. Getting my drink and snack right now!
Fly me to the Moon
And let me play among the stars
Let me see what spring is like
On Jupiter and Mars
Frank Sinatra at his best.
Sweet Baby, Reality!
good one!
[insert Netflix EVA joke]
In other words, hold my hand
In other words, baby kiss me
imagine all of humanity just going for spreading life in the universe... god that would be awesome
I loved the part where you hung a lampshade on the fact that for this channel using black holes or turning Mars into a shell world are 'sane' options for increasing mass.
This is the exact video I have been looking for a long time.
I love the casual comparison of terraforming a planet to the Egyptian pyramids and the great wall of china
Another excellent video Isaac, well done and thank you from all of us!
> Fill the Martian atmosphere with methane
> No smoking please
No BBQs ether
Fine. No problem. Just don't add a bunch of oxygen and it's golden. This is why Titan hasn't exploded despite having oceans of hydrocarbons.
@@CarFreeSegnitz I wouldn't want to terraform Titan, though. Keep it the way it is so we can construct massive computational structures for maximum efficiency.
Via cow farts!!!
"Remember to take your acid resistant umbrella with you honey, they report said there was a 60% chance of rain"
@Isaac Arthur: I know you dropped it a while ago, but I just want to mention it's great you stopped mentioning your speech impediment. I think it is hardly an impediment, since we all hear you loud and clear. Glad to know you have embraced it, as your voice and the way you speak are a big part of why we all keep coming back to your channel!
He was responding to comments he would get constantly, especially comparing him to Elmer Fudd. I think you are severely underestimating this, and note that by speaking on the channel, he was practicing to reduce the rhoticism, and it has got significantly less noticeable. I think you're seeing it the wrong way: he is overcoming it, not "embracing" it. And the discomfort from the beginning has been with viewers, not with Isaac in the first place. I think you are trying to be complementary, but it came out wrong, so it sounds like you just want to pretend it isn't there, and have Isaac pretend it isn't there, and if we can all be in total denial, that's a better approach. I don't think it is.
@@squirlmy I know he got a lot of comments, I was quite early to join his channel. And I've always taken to his fuddiness; I've known quite a few people with different types of impediments, some could be overcome and some could not due to physical constraints. I don't see special value in the level to which he has or has not overcome something that I simply never had personal issues with. I'm glad Isaac got to a point where he doesn't feel like he owed anyone an explanation, and works under the assumption that people will look past differences in pronunciation between himself and anyone else, and focus on the content of the material instead. I never said or meant he is looking, or is to look past anything.
Alright. Your comment about the mar’s length of day and compare it to earth’s, and how Martians would prefer a longer day for added sleep, rather than a shorter day, w/ less time for work. However, I don’t think that a minor difference in rotation would be an issue, as Martians would just adjust to the day length, as is. The only issue would be time orientation with earth. Eventually Tuesday on earth would be Wednesday on mars, or vice versa.
So why expend the additional energy to adjust the rotation, if adaptation was possible.
one solution could be to add a minute and a half to every hour, so martian hours would have 61 minutes and 30 seconds. That way it would sync with earth hourwise. As for years and months, it doesn't need to sync at all.
I love the idea of a Solar System-wide sports competition in the future
I am already terraforming mars :), Surviving Mars is a great game.
What if Martians remodeled the early earth to suit themselves when their magnetosphere failed?
Perhaps the late heavy bombardment 4 billion years ago was to set the earth's rotation and chemistry parallel to early Martian conditions.
Do you by chance have a orange tan and crazy hair ? ALIENS
deGrelle's Ghost - Although the idea of Martians “Eresforming” Earth 4 BYA is extremely improbable, you really don’t need to insult the guy. There are some scientists who believe that life evolved elsewhere & then came here (“panspermia”), & that one of those places could be Mars. That’s one question that would be answered by actually going to Mars -
www.scientificamerican.com/article/could-life-have-evolved-on/
earthsky.org/space/robert-zubrin-on-why-we-should-go-to-mars
www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/the-human-explorer
www.space.com/22577-earth-life-from-mars-theory.html
Thats if you believe there was life on mars in the first place that was that far advanced in technology.
I do like that idea.
I like the symmetry, and the ordained inevitability.
They did that is why we have Liberals now
I love Arthur's day .
Happy #ArthursDay
throw the frisbee. it flies so far your dog takes half an hour to get it.
Mars will be nice
Tin Tin's dog had a spacesuit.
Would kinda love to see real dog space suits, of the most popular human companion species dogs and perhaps horses I'd imagine being near the top of the list of species with the potential to adapt to such augmentation. I base this on the fact that dogs are very trainable and there is good evidence the vast majority of the species can be trained to be comfortable wearing garments to at least some degree. Horses I would be even more willing to bet on being trainable to become comfortable wearing something like a space suit, hell they can be trained to wear very heavy and restrictive materials including decking them out in plate armour covering most of their body a space suit would arguably be both lighter and less restrictive. At the other end of the spectrum of human companions that could be trained to adapt to living with us in such environments I guess would be such as the domestic cat, as a species they are extremely resistant to training and few humans are able to train them to grow comfortable wearing even lightweight garments let alone anything as bulky and restrictive as a space suit.
@@seraphina985 dogs in space suits not sniffing out bombs,,,
My so-called "retriever" would just watch it fly away, lol
I'll take K-9 to Mars, he'll figure it out, and lots of other stuff too! :D
I also love that you can call making a black hole shellworld by deconstructing a planet.
Yeah it's Thursday!!!.
Thank you for another brilliant video.
So glad I found your channel.
To flesh out the idea completely:
Springtime for Mars and Curiosity
Space X is happy and gay!
We're launching at a faster pace
Look out, here comes the human race!
Springtime for Mars and Curiosity
Cerberus are fine plains once more!
Springtime for Mars and Curiosity
Watch out, Europa
We're going on tour!
Springtime for Mars and Curiosity...
CHORUS:
Look, it's springtime
LEAD TENOR STORMTROOPER:
Winter for Pluto and Earth
CHORUS AND STORMTROOPER:
Springtime for Mars and Curiosity!
CHORUS:
Springtime! Springtime!
Springtime! Springtime!
Springtime! Springtime!
Springtime! Springtime!
STORMTROOPER:
Come on, humans
Go into your dance!
STORMTROOPER "Wentworth" AKA “Rolf”:
I was born on Planet Earth and that is why I am Wentworth.
STORMTROOPER "MEL":
Don't be stupid, be a smarty, come and join with Elon's party!
This comment is criminally under-liked. 10/10
Isaac pin this
Last line needs one more syllable. Something like.
"Don't be stupid, be a smarty, come and join WITH Elon's party!"
Or the closer-to-original.
"Don't be stupid, be a smarty, come and join the NASA party!"
@@intlidave I changed it, incorporating your first suggestion.
When is spring time in Mars it is 80 below.🎤🎸🎷
Your videos seem to be very well-researched and presented, and lots of very interesting ideas. Thanks!
You don't need a magnetic field around mars. Atmospheric leakage takes place on geologic timescales. If you can build the atmosphere in the first place, it's trivial to maintain it. And the atmosphere itself is what blocks the most radiation. Mar's current atmosphere already shields enough such that being on the surface is about equal to being on ISS in terms of radiation exposure.
When I saw this in my newsfeed, I got very excited 😊
IA: Grab a drink and a snack and let's get started.
Me: *Happiness intensifies!!!*
Thanks Isaac and team, this channel brings so much hope.
Joke: Now, I see why the Klingon was so fearful of the Genesis Torpedo. Imagine our planet getting hit with a torpedo filled with Phil Collin albums. 👽😂👍🏼
I'd bet that you could feel it in the air.
Rifleman TV yes, and “tonight” too
Such a weapon is as nothing compared to the terrible effect of a Justin Bieber paraphernalia torpedo!
@@annoyed707 Now witness the power of this *fully operational* Rickroll cannon!
Recall, in the movie "Mars Attacks", the invading Martians' heads exploded upon hearing Slim Whitman's country songs!! :D
I know that Isaac is an advocate for orbital habitats, rather than terraforming . I think he laid out a reasonable case for that in this episode. I just miss the math calculations from earlier episodes. Love the channel.
Yay! Time for my fix!
Just linked this to another channel that was discussing terraforming Mars.
TGI Arthur’s day, grabbing my popcorn and coffee.
a GREAT episode once again - can't wait for the Venus video in a bit over a month. Pretty excited already.
Even among the British we would say the Irish or Scottish as it’s always raining there lol
Great video as always!
I vote shallow lakes and domes!
:) I suspect that would be it, especilly as I think folks would want to preserve the canyons.
Shallow? I have found some lakes to be surprisingly profound.
@@annoyed707 xD
@@annoyed707 Right, Lake Tahoe is "profoundly" deep!! ; )
I love it when they say the title in the movie.
Skip Mars.....it's the Astroid Belt for me. O'Neill Cylinders sound far more pleasant and do-able.
Do both I say!
If you want to go for the asteroid belt, it would be much easier to go for the moon, even Mars' moons are easier.
Deconstruct Mars and it’s satellites build dyson swarms of live able space for billions maybe trillions. I don’t know how much that provides. Hell sweep the asteroid belt and take Venus and Mercury with as well.
Agreed. I'll take 1g any day over mars' 0.36g. doesn't sound like a good environment for children growing. We dont know for sure though
Don't forget the near-Earth asteroids. Before and after our position in our orbital path, much closer than the asteroid belt or even Mars, and lower gravity than the Moon - important for moving stuff around.
Thanks Isaac, for bringing us wild eyed Mars terra-forming advocates "down to Earth" on the reality and scope of the project. Bludgeoning us with facts and figures to depress us with the length of time it will take to build an ocean with comet water, for example! OK, so it seems impossible in less than a million years! So, we had better get started now!! :D
"we had better get started now!!" is exactly what most of us are thinking
@@MrTaxiRob Right, "Rome was not built in a day" goes the old saying; Mars will take a bit longer!! : )
Except A) it's hard to get a vast patch of flat 'ground' in a funnel spinner, since the center of it is pointy, and B) nobody is going to want to play baseball in a rotating reference frame like that.
U sure about "nobody"?
nobody?
Are you sure about that?
“Nobody is going to want to...”
Might seem like common sense for most. But, some will take that as a challenge. And others might actually want to by default. And few might already be dreaming up ways to make money out of it.
@@eds1942 Now that's what I'm saying!
@@eds1942 Indeed, the assertion that nobody would want to rise to the novel challenge presented sounds like utter nonsense and completely at odds with human nature, it would be a challenge that existed after all and that alone is sufficient motivation for some humans to devote their energies to first conquering it and then to master it in a never ending effort to raise the bar of those who came before. That said I could conceivably see the governing bodies of baseball refusing to acknowledge it and even potentially amending the rules to explicitly exclude it as being "official" baseball, just don't see this dampening enthusiasm to take on the new challenge. Can't see it being long before they were pressured to change their stance as if they failed to do so I am certain that it would inevitably grow to become a official variant sport of it's own complete with governing body, leagues, big teams and so on one that ironically would ultimately be destined to dwarf the original as the population living in habitats will dwarf the surfacers in time heh.
Love ur teachings u r very good and VERY SMART
As far as which plants we choose to send to Mars, I recommend fruit trees
Sounds good, but trees shouldn't be the only Option. We will however still need things like bushes and algees though.
@John Buick Quit ur yappin, they'll be genetically modified :p
@John Buick Remember not all of Earth receives the same amount of sunlight. It's pretty poor near the poles, and yet there is plant life.
If you want to grow crops, you'll have to rely on Greenhouses and some other tricks, but not that different from what is already done in countries near the poles.
@John Buick Ah, but the Bible says God made all the creatures that creepith and flyith and crawlith, and swimith, etc. Nothing about those that Infectith!! ;D
@John Buick Some may argue, but all should agree regarding the microscopes! ;)
Awesome video and always loved outward bound series.
Hello Mars!
I love your vids on planets! I was wondering if you could make a video on potential ways to harness gravity and what we could do with it! Worm holes, earth gravity on planets and such things
We kinda did tha tin the Wormholes and Anti-Gravity episodes, but we might look at it more down the road
I've just started this video, but what about dumping our nuclear waste near Mars' core to heat it up? As far as I know, it's mostly the nuclear material that keeps Earth's outer core from freezing.
Amazing video as always keep up the great work .
Parasites?? I forgot about them, OK I guess we need them. Lets just genetic engineer them to make them less "parasity". :)
I always liked the idea of making g robots that inmate insects but are less creepy so we wouldn't need normal ones anymore
@David is that a RealU (spfx ) mask in your profile ?
Please support terrestrial genetic engineering of parasites to make them less creepy... well, less deadly at least. We're working on it, but the politics are a serious pain in the ass. Then we can get around bio-forming Mars for those silly folks who want to leave Earth just to stick themselves into another gravity well (I'm all for leaving Earth) ;)
ruclips.net/video/TnzcwTyr6cE/видео.html
I'll throw my support behind it if you can genetically engineer snakes that fuse with the lower back to form a tail...
You can actually genetic engineer them to make them usefull. For example specific parasites that help you loose weight without a diet. Eat what you want, as much as you want, parasites will just eat all the excess nutrients.
Combine this episode with the one on future sports: Skydiving on a terraformed Mars. With the thicker atmosphere and lower gravity, it would last forever (hyperbole) and have a smaller chance of a catastrophic end in the event that something goes wrong (improperly deployed chute or not landing in the proper position).
Even an air pressure like Denver, CO might be enough on Mars (or the Moon?) to give a survivable terminal velocity. Go ahead and do that mile-high cliff dive!
I never got why you keep insisting that to terraform a planet you'd need to process every square meter of surface area and add algae.
Why can't you just seed all of the soil bacteria you might need, plus algae, and then leave it to process the soil and spread? Mars soil is really similar to Earth soil, except for the perchlorates (we have bacteria that can process that) and the biomatter in it, which would build up in time with lifeforms geowing and dieing in the soil.
yeah, i do not know why he keeps doing that
it would take aeons compared to just many millenia
@@dazza2350 why would it take aeons for soil bacteria to establish themselves? or for seeds to sprout and use artificial nutrients to grow?
I'm not trying to start life on a dead world and let the life do all of the work. I'm just saying that once you adjust the air to something plants and bacteria can survive in, you can start plants and bacteria off and let it fix the soil.
@@ancapftw9113 Dude I highly doubt it's that easy
@@neutral_narr have you ever seen how easy hydroponics is? We could easily do that one a massive scale. Then you just add worms and bacteria to break stuff down, and nature will process the ground on its own. Like it did here on Earth.
It probably makes the most sense to simply "dome" over the whole surface of the planet, one section at a time as demand dictates (although a flat roof, supported by columns would be more useful, because you could build on top of it). An enclosed city with a "sky" 100 metres up and artificial lighting simulating a 24-hour day/night cycle could seem pretty Earth-like (other than the low gravity). Each city could have a different climate, to appeal to different people. New Vancouver might be temperate, with four distinct "seasons," and boulevards lined with Martian pines; while New Honolulu would be warm and summery year-round with sandy beaches and Martian coconut palm trees, etc. You could attach your public transportation infrastructure to the ceiling, allowing the ground area to be a pleasant mix of green spaces, public areas and walking/cycling trails.
I wonder if you could steal Venus's atmosphere by ionizing it with energy from the sun and then funnelling it towards Mars with a series of giant magnets.
:) We kick that notion around in that episode next month
You could start with the magnet they used on Schwartz's Island. I heard KAOS decommissioned it some time ago. Siegfried?
Great video, zero bullshit all data. Thanks for sharing
27:38 - A footage of a properly conducted Exterminatus as ordered by the Imperial Inquisition Ordo Xenos and carried on by the Ultramarines Chapter of space marines.
I think that would normally be the Deathwatch
@@isaacarthurSFIA Of course, my bad. However, half- asleep while writing it, I wasn't at all able to either recall the name or google it. So I went for vanilla. ;o)
I always had a suspicion, though, that the proper centity to perform exterminati would have been Imperial Dalek legion. ;o)
@@isaacarthurSFIA Question: What do you think abput the new lore/fluff regarding resurection of Roboute and the pact with the new Eldar faction? Too rosy?
@@veejayroth I don't think so, the plot was getting a little to dumb-dark, tragedy and darkness need some contrast or they get old, rather than impactful, or you have to keep upping the ante till forced to use utter abusrdity and you get endless memes about it. Plus, we've had basically the same plot since the 2nd/3rd Ed days hanging at 1 minute to midnight, so it was past time to advance things a bit and the HEresy era novels proved there was interest in other periods of the setting. At to Roboute, I'm never been a huge Smurf fan but I think he was a good pick and Abnett did a good job in humanizing him in the HH books to be an interesting character, and the UM by extension, rather than somewhat boring MAry Sues
@@isaacarthurSFIA I'm actually pleased you see it this way. I've spoken with one too many "doom'n'gloom traditionalists" who just have it that WH40k setting is supposed to be andlessly helpless - ypu know, the type that hated the Tau, before the rumors about mindcontrol by the ethereals stained "appropriately" the too positive vibe of the race.
I am happy that they chose Roboute to be the one to become this ally to "dirty xenos" as it feels very satisfying to have the posterboy struggle with such a thing, while becomming the de-facto Emperor. Who would have thought, that maybe not only Ogres, but also Smurfs have layers like onion. xD
And I also very much like the extra-emo elves + I've been waiting for ages to have fluff-friendly reason to combine eldar and imperial units. Finally!
Now, let's summon some eldars through human webway gate to get their tetraforming tech, to speed up the Mars thing, before anyone starts digging too deep and finds some c'tan shards. IYKWIM.
I can't imagine who would like to live on mars, the perfect planet exists and it is right here
Got my drink and snack at the ready.
It's great to watch a show that messes with your expectations so much. I, for one, am sure that if I saw a cannister labeled 'sulfur hexofluoride', the last thing on my mind would have been "Yeah, filling my lungs with sulphur and fluoride compounds is a swell idea!"
Para-terraforming may be the most cost-effective way. Make it like Trantor.
Humans when put in environment with no light stimulus tend to shift to a 25hour day so a slightly longer day would actually fit us better
Thanks for another great thought provoking video! Just imagine we start firing comets at Mars to give it water and we inadvertently start a war with the subtarainin population that thinks they are under attack!!?
I'd like to see a video on why we need to colonize a new planet vs building a space cylinder habitat. I'm assuming that resource availability is a key factor.
I specifically like the transition between unterraformend and terraformed Mars (but I might be a bit biased on that) ;) ;P
It's a great clip :)
@@isaacarthurSFIA Thanks man! Anytime :)
Great video, Issac...👍
I live in Arizona. You don't need to do any of that complicated stuff. Build trailer parks with pickle ball courts and old people from Canada and California will show up. They will bring their own oxygen. Problem solved.
Keep Mars Red!
Keep Mars Red!
Why not create a new moon for Mars as well? (like move Ceres out from the belt or make one out fusing asteroids together). Phobos and Deimos are pretty much negligible, so this new moon could help with developing its magnetosphere to better hold a new atmosphere.
How would a new moon help with that?
@@feynstein1004 the new moon could produce tidal effects in the Martian core to create a magnetic field like on Earth. However, moving a dwarf planet the size of Ceres to Mars orbit is a gargantuan feet. We don't have the technology to do this.
David Rosner. We could just make one by merging lots of smaller asteroids together, (it'll take a long time but so does terraforming), or using several asteroids as a gravity tractor to tow Ceres into Martian orbit. Though the first idea seems easier.
@David Rosner Earth's magnetic field isn't produced by tidal effects but by the molten core afaik. Assuming Mars' core isn't molten, even with tidal heating, it might take millions of years to get it to melt again. That kind of timescale isn't practical.
I know you know that what you showed at 5:55 was not the Mediterranean Sea, but I still have to point out for others that was the Great Lakes on the U.S.-Canadian border.
He was talking about Lake Erie, which is one of them.
"Team Coriolis wins the Solar System baseball World Series ... again"
"Earth prime minister vows to enforce spin gravity baseball ban 'throughout the solar system'"
"Mars and minor planets coalition in open rebellion against the baseball ban"
Solar system-wide war I, the first of 'the baseball wars', begins...
I think you must be talking about Cricket (evidence: Earth Prime Minister). So I'll stay here, and watch baseball; thanks very much!
everytime he tells me to grab a drink and snack, i totally run off and do it
Another excellent reason why I stay up all night.
Springtime for Martians and humankind!
Lmao, Solar System Series of Baseball! Still only has the u.s. competing in it *8 )
Hey, there's always Little League for the rest of the world!! ; )
Isaac Arthur is the kind of name that you'd expect to have end up with a knighthood.
How accurate is the _Red Mars, Blue Mars, Green Mars_ trilogy?
5:22 "These options probably sound the next best thing to impossible..." and this coming from a man who talks about _MOVING ENTIRE GALAXIES_ ?
Dropped 28 minutes ago! Only 1,224 views! Thanks RUclips!
I think Kim Stanley Robinson made a good effort, but failed in some details. For instance, in Red Mars, a pair of explorers are dropping windmills around the planet from a zeppelin. Near the end of the mission a planet wide dust storm hits and somehow causes them to need more power to get home (I honestly forgot why they needed more power, but I think it has to do with them trying to fly against the wind). As a solution to the problem, they take some of the windmills and mount them to the outside of the zeppelin to generate the power needed to operate the propellers to push the zeppelin through the air that is powering the windmills that powers the propellers... I think they mentioned something about perpetual motion machines back in freshman physics.
Given this glaring failure, I wouldn't put much stock in the science of the books.
@@lonjohnson5161 they used the windmills as generators for the dirigible, where's the issue exactly?
@@WitekStraus The dirigible wasn't anchored to the ground. The only wind they should experience is that created by propelling themselves through the air. The power from the windmills powers the propellers, which must push enough air to move the airship fast enough for the windmills to generate power in addition to overcoming air friction. This is a violation of the conservation of energy.
I think the instant transformation of Earth's economy after the flood disaster is the least plausible thing in the books. I don't see any way the transnats wouldn't take the world down entirely rather than let that happen.
@@robertmiller9735 I was thinking more about how accurate the description of teraforming Mars was.
As always great to watch :-)
Ann Clayborne would argue with the statement made in into.
Sax would not.
seems that I have some points to add. Humans can live at half atmospheric pressure or the air pressure at 5000 meters above sealevel. Humans can live for some time without nitrogen in the air and even modest percentage of nitrogen in air are necessary for long term survival of humans. Further most plants can do without nitrogen in air too when the water contains solved nitrogen salts. Plants can be grown in en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroponics or mist without soil. Thus the only gases to grow plants are oxygen and CO2. As plants survive much higher CO2 content than insects and mammals that can be used to get rid of plant pests. Actually I think most people like Dune like desert planets and just giving Mars a modest oxygen-CO2 atomsphere which barely let's humans survive could be a nice background for a SF story. Just some domes or underground caves or tunnels for growing plants and an oasis here and there and I think we can skip the sandworms. I am not sure if I remember the figures correctly but I guess that's around 3.3 tons of oxygen per square meter so that humans could breath on Mars.
Tim Hortons coffee and SFIA.. this is going to be a great Arthusday!
Now that does sound good, though I've been into cold-brew recently
I feel ya. I can't do hot coffee, but I'm down for the cold stuff!
Dark roast maybe. Lot's of us Canucks lament that Tim Hortons isn't really Canadian anymore.
annoyed707 lol yeah I’m enjoying it across the river in Buffalo. Dark roast with a shot of espresso!
Always looking so forward to get my notification ...of Arthur Isaak 🤗🤩...
I can leave this boring life for half an houre 👌💥🌠