Flying Through Trees | British Airways Flight 888
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- Опубликовано: 17 авг 2022
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A flying hedge trimmer. How innovative!!
💀💀
Always a good idea to avoid the ground until a normal landing.
It’s pretty unbelievable to know that a flight like this had to make 3 stops to get from the UK to Australia, but now we are flying DIRECTLY from Australia to the UK.
It was also often cheaper to stop, refuel and pick-up or drop-off more passengers, than it was to go the whole way on full tanks.
oh and INS system moment, technically you could fly the whole way with 747-100 atleast to WMKK from EGLL
@@DartzIRL That is never cheaper.
@@aleksandarlenhart2078 If the 747 flew between London and KL it would have to be quite empty of payload. I see the flight time in 2022 is 12:50 which would be a real stretch for the 747-100. In 1976 airspace in Eastern Europe, Soviet Union, China was not available to civil airlines. The time non-stop in 1976 may have been 15 hours and 1000 miles longer than today.
@@georgeconway4360 3 stops is kind of overkill still
Imagine the tree trimmers the next day. Bob you get an early start on us?? No. Well I call LUNCH!!!!
lol
Sheesh. I was fully expecting the jet to crash and have dozens of casualties. Scary doesn't cover it. Thank goodness that I was wrong and that the aircraft landed safely.
Whew, what a close shave! If the captain had been distracted just a couple of seconds more, they would have 'landed' at the Owl & Deer Lodge.
Was the engine surge from ingesting parts of the trees? What damage was sustained? Great video, and glad all the people were fine! I just wanted some more info on what damage the plane suffered.
Yes. No info on the most important aspect of this incident, Allec doesn't even confirm what the damage was. Unlike him. Perhaps unknown?
It could well be or to be fair advancing the power too fast.Older engines of this era would surge if you spooled them up too quickly.A bit like throttling a big piston engine too quickly.It gets a rich cut and looses power.These could have been Rolls Royce RB211 bypass engines which cant just slam up the fuel in a snap.They will surge because theres too much fuel going in than the compressed air feeding the fuel.The Rolls Royce Avon engine was known for surging for the same reason although built earlier.
Based on the title, I’m assuming there was some light damage to the undercarriage and engines from vegetation? I doubt any photos exist or are available of that.
There was a similar incident on an AA Boeing 727 at BDL in the late 1980s. I know there are photos of the damage to the wing’s leading edge somewhere in the cyber universe.
Based on different video on Flight 888 from a year ago and an article picked up on Google, yes, the plane did hit a patch of rubber trees (over 600 foot swatch actually),with the plane showing tree debris/damage on the landing gears and underside of engine(s), and assumption the engine surged due to ingesting treetops. The pilots let the jet descend much lower too soon, failed to retard the speed with correct flap setting, causing plane undercarriage to hit tree tops, while neither pilot thought to use TOGA power., Just luck that there was enough speed already to get the plane up high enough after it struck the treetops to avoid crashing. While the plane had only minor underside damage, it was actually very close to a disastrous crash due to pilot errors that were pretty obvious once the FDR was reviewed. Really poor crew management.
@@farsicalspeaking3356 They really trod the finest line between life and death, incredibly lucky escape!
WOW. that was close to a crash. Thank god that Captain had the wisdom to just power up and climb to start over. That would of been a bad night for everyone.
Very bad indeed
@Tech i specifically watch his video for this old version of FSX.
Thanks for another spoiler, Leon. Your comment wasn't hidden.
@@donnabaardsen5372 Question??? I usually watch and fully focus on the Video to the end before I read or comment on the comments. How do you do it ????
Yes, instead of trying to figure out what went wrong in the moment, he just did what he is trained to do. Perfect example of why the procedures need to be followed. 😎
Good outcome. I hate when they fly a perfectly good aircraft into the ground.
It’s not the fall that causes the problem. It’s the sudden stop.
You have to be at least 5 minutes ahead of wherever these aircraft currently are.
It’s never a good sign when you lose sight of the runway at 100 feet and have trees up ahead
Yeesh. I have to wonder what’s going through the passengers’ heads when these go-arounds and screwed-up landings are happening.
Same. I never had a go-around thank God but it would certainly mke me not feel very comfortableeven if the reason was simply not being lined up correctly. Any thing that starts with objects being the reason would make me concerned how safe the airport at that moment really is. Sure I know that is mostly just in my head but I can't control that sense, I can only control how I deal with the feeling.
I already get a bit nervous with holding patterns. Always have btw not because of knowing they sometimes were part of an accident. I am literally'damn please just LAND this thing' lol.
I’ve had several. I don’t like them but there could be a lot of reasons for them, usually the pilot will come on the radio and say something when at a safe altitude and the plane has leveled off.
I was a passenger landing at Chicago O'Hare on American back in the days when you could listen to the cockpit/ATC transmissions on your headsets. There was repeated confusion with ATC over similar call signs with a United flight. The weather was bad with snow. The approach was not stable with several power increases and reductions being made on short final. As a private pilot I was thinking, well accidents always come at the cumulation of three things. I could just see the ground looking straight down when a grizzled voice came on the com saying, "I'll take it son". TOGA and a go around in the snow, kind of nerve wracking. Other passengers not listening where not much aware and did not blink an eye. I am still confused as to why the communications were from the squeeky voice (first officer) and apparently he was also flying.
The full accident report can be found at assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/542303bded915d1371000c5f/10-1977_G-AWNC.pdf.
The aircraft struck mature rubber trees for a distance of approximately 200 meters, with contact occurring with the MLG (main landing gear) and the number 1, 2, and 3 engines. There was some damage to the hydraulic and electrical system on the MLG, and while the engines did injest some debris, and experienced some loss of thrust, they continued to operate. Some small pieces of the flaps were found in the impact area. As for the trees, 2 complete trees were knocked over and 'several large boughs' torn off.
Was very glad to see that the plane landed safely.
So much technical information. Too much for me at this time.
But thanks Allec.
They made it.
I agree, and also, some acronyms could have been spelled out a couple times in parenthesis. I don't know what NM is other than New Mexico. It could have been spelled out a couple times for better explanation. We're not all pilots here.
@@JRobert111111 ill be sure to do better
Very good video. This was in 1976. I had just soloed. I didn't know then what I know now. Plus, during my airline experience, a lot has changed in crew coordination concepts, aka CRM since then. Better procedures for monitoring, especially at night and on non-precision approaches.
That was a very close call. Thankfully things didn't turn out much worse.
True luck
Like the pilots, you let this one get away
from you. Repaired for what damage?
Other than the Segment Title and a
crew member's comment about making
contact with the ground- there was no
reference to any contact with tree-tops
or otherwise except for a reference to
an engine surge. Realize a lot of work
goes into these re-creations but we
need to be able to connect the dots
for it to make sense. Thanks!
Hi, michael. Sorry about that. The aircraft ingested parts of trees when it descended too low.
Love and appreciate your work
Hello from PicoRivera where planes constantly cross over my house😇😊
Bravo!!! 👏👏👏👏 Everyone lived. 🥰
Another great one Allec. Congrats on your pilot's license and keep up the great work...
Congrats on your pilot's license Allec! 🎇🌷✈ Fly right!
Congrats, Allec on your private pilot’s license. Well deserved
Such elegant work. Masterful. I wish the videos ended with a wee bit about the careers of the pilots after the events (of course, of those who survive these incredible events).
9:00 Tullamarine airport Melbourne Australia. Ansett airways (now gone) boeing 727 in the background. Alot of that empty land is now housing ... looks like 70s picture.
Great job again Allec, just inches/seconds from a desaster.
ah, the silent days before GPWS warnings were wild. Especially during night flights.
Thanks for the share!
Incredibly lucky. There were a number of flights (such as AA flight 965 or Korean Air flight 801 to name two) that weren't as lucky. But why didn't the low terrain warning go off????? They would have been able to act sooner. Still even with the human errors involved I hope the airline didn't go hard on them as they saved the plane which was the most important of all.
I think when the accident happened, GPWS was not widespread yet
Once again well done.
Love these. Subbed!👍☘️
Loss of situational awareness, like Eastern 401 but without the distractions and, thankfully, without the bad outcome. Did the report mention whether crew fatigue was also a factor?
I don't remember fatigue being mentioned in the report. But good question
Wow The British Airways Flight 888 is flying through trees and makes a successful landing here in Kuala Lumpur Int’l airport.
If I was the Flight Engineer, I can tell you 2 pilots I’d never fly with again.
"Scrapped in 2005" RIP! 😢
Not just a near miss; a very, very, near miss ! And, of course, the landing was at night. In daylight, I would think the descent to the trees would have been noticed earlier. The problem with instrument flying is one has to pay attention to them !
It would be really fantastic if your amazing videos had audio narration to complement the subtitles. My dad, who has lost his vision over the last several years, is a massive aviation enthusiast and we both LOVE reading watching and listening to air crash incident documentaries and shows.
Your channel is the best of all of them however it’s also the only one we can’t enjoy together!
we found no serious damage, only a small pine tree stuck between the wing and the flap 😅
Hallelujah. I cringe every time they're fixing to land, if I don't know the flight well. You do such an outstanding job on your videos! Congratulations on your pilots license!! ❤️💖
Oof, almost another Eastern Airlines Everglades type incident.
What damage was sustained to the aircraft??
The least I remember was engine damage from tree ingestion.
Damn. They were having their guardian angels work overtime for this. Mostly the crew but also the passengers. Flying through trees usually ends up in a crash due to engine damage.
If I knew we flew through trees I would piss my pants. Which means my nerves, thoughts, panic would have to be very extreme, because I don't have a bladder nor a urethra anymore so peeing my pants would be a miracle.
(Like in a way I can, but that would mean - if I don't have leaking - I would need to physically open the little drain on the bottom of my urostomybag. The drain btw makes it a great way to know if the bag is on correctly lol. But I'm imagining people literally peeing their pants and me, to not stand out, would drain my bag empty so I fit in 😂.)
Off topic so no you don't need to tell me that. Just don't read if you only want to read comments on the video. It's a little long but I shortened it already... well here it comes:
And for anyone wondering, no I didn't have cancer. I had treatment resistent Interstitial cystitis. Just look it up. All I can say is the CDC said our quality of lie is that of a cancer patient. So yes it is SERIOUS pain. Triple your worst UTI. I only care if you say you nearly passed out from one. All others can triple the worst UTI they have had. I say that because my regular UTI's made me pass out from pain a few times too. The ones where I couldn't work. If I was in less pain I feel tripling your pain comes close to or was my IC daily, not even mentioning flares where it got even worse.
I have been hospitalizedby my uro for pain management (they couldn'thelp and sent me home but my uro told.me to stay at least 3 to 4 days as being somewhere else could help a but with the mental side. One day I was talking to a lady across my 4 bedroom dorm and a flare came up. I doubled over and wiggled wiggled wiggled and she saw that (and was a nurse herself). So without doubt she smashed the red button and said "not me, her 👉" and without any questions asked I got an oxycodone. In that sense it was helpful but I left because I was exhausted and couldn't sleep during the day: 2-8pm visiting time. Ugh! They did ask me with slight concern if I WAS coming back 3 days later and I assured them I would. (I wasn't that bad..) luckily I had a single room. That would help me out a lot. Too bad I csme back teice and was stuck in it 12 days and then 14 because I had a bacteria that then still required isolation. Those rules have changed but I wasn'tallowed to leave my room. But nurses were nice. If I wanted something from the store like a coke or whatever, they would go down with the money I gave them and got it for me 😊 But especially the last time was getting to me. Luckily I had my laptop since I had come to the ER prepared. Which turned out to be a good idea....
Just a wee bit more than I wanted to hear but I sincerely hope things get better for you going forward.
@@sox-on-a-duck693 it's because I can't hold my wee anymore
Thank you Allec for reading my totally offtopic story ♥️
Just a little too much info there old chap!
Please note that although the current KL International airport (KLIA) has a RWY 15, in 1967 the facility in use was the Subang International airport IATA: SZB ICAO: WMSA, now stil in use for national and private flights under the name of Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport, it is located 12mi (18km) to the west of DT Kuala Lumpur
This happened in 1976 not 1967.
@@georgeconway4360 He is telling us that in 1967 the facility in use was Subang Airport.
@@sunnyfon9065 Yes, the video says this occurred in 1976. Then there is the fact BOAC did not start flying the 747 until February 1971. They had a few delivered earlier but BALPA, the pilot union refused to fly it over crew issues.
Simple explanation. The main KL airport from 1965 to 1998 was ICAO:WMKK Subang International. In 1998 a new airport was opened. The ICAO ID became WMKK and the ICAO ID for the old airport was changed to WMSA. Both airports have Runway 33/15. I landed and took off from the old WMKK as a B747 F/O a number of times back in 1983/84.
Dear lord, and exactly 20 years before ValuJet 592 crashed
superb
Repeating instructions AS they're being carried out might have helped. "Hey did you hear? I said Flaps 20.".
As always awesome video! Never heard of that incident. What about Interflug crash?
What flight was that? I will look into it
@@AllecJoshuaIbay Seems there is no flight number, Interflug was the airline of the GDR. The crash occured in 1972 shortly after start from Berlin Schönefeld and is to date the worst crash in Germany.
I would ask for airspeed/altitude every 30 seconds, if not more. And order a repeat of all flight control commands verbally. Amazing to see her retire to the scrap yard after all this time.
That's where my laundry line went
I was 2 1/2 months old when this one happened. As such don't remember it hearing about it.🤪
This is why glass cockpits and heads up displays are helpful. Less scanning gauges for info.
Nice threshold elevation
Great video mate. I'm curious though. I'm assuming that the aircraft collided with ground debris before climbing out, but what damage was caused? Was there evidence the aircraft hit trees or did the gear touch the ground altogether?
Mostly damage to the engines from tree ingestion.
Ok so what is NM medium frequency locator beacon? Nautical Mile does not seem to fit here.
I also want to know what NM stands for, besides New Mexico…
NM was a NDB. That is a non directional radio beacon. The radio in the aircraft to navigate with it is called the ADF. At one time this was the most advanced electronic radio aid used for navigation. I have no doubt the first DC-2 and DC-3 had ADFs installed. When I first started flying in Europe in 1969 all VORs also had a collocated NDB.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-directional_beacon
When I don’t see the names of pilots it mostly means it’s not fatality, but let’s keep watching to see , fingers crossed
I expected this to be a crash, nice to see that wasn't the case!
When alarms go off and oversights are not quickly found.
How many near misses are found and how many not without awareness and how many with severe incidents.
"25 from 10?"
"What?"
I heard of this incident few years ago.
The aircraft was repaired and returned to service 9:35. So it did strike the ground as the flight engineer thought 5:23.
Sorry, to be precise he was wrong because the plane did not strike the ground but the top of trees.
@@gianlucatassinari9105 The video title refers to trees but the video itself does not.
I was pulling up on the yoke!!
5/11/1976
Location: Malaysia
Flight route: Bangkok-Kuala Lumpur
Past: London-Bahrain
Future: Melbourne
Names: Not revealed
Age: 48, 29, 41
Flying time: 1.3891553 yr, 5.383556 mo, 7.639718
on board: 104
Plane Age: 6
Plane Type: 747-100
Status: Successful Landing
Survivors: Not revealed
After that:
Day 0: Successful repair
11/29/1999: Air Gulf Falcon (P4)
4/14/2000: Air Gulf Falcon (3D)
??/??/2005: Scrapped
Why repeat everything???
Wut? Huh?
British. I bet once on ground after that close call, They sure wanted a cup of Tea.
Please do US Air flight 499 which had a runway excursion onto a roadway in Erie, PA in 1986.
I've never heard about it. I will see if I can find a report
@@AllecJoshuaIbay I have personal, close-up photos I took of the wreck when I was 13 years old. My dad and I were able to walk right up to it. I’d be more than happy to email them to you. Oh…congratulations on attaining your license!
Thank god it wasnt fatal
So did it strike the ground like the engineer thought it did?
Since the graphic read that the aircraft was “repaired” and returned to service, I’d say so. It probably scraped treetops.
It skimmed the treetops
CRM today is a whole different thing, thankfully
CRM?
@@K1OIK Crew Resource Management
@@drkatel I guess Billy is an elite snob that gets off on using terms a few understand.
I would think monitoring instruments full time while on landing approach is extremely critical.
It is. It this is a busy approach and much else needed to be accomplished. Thus the change in approach tiles which is still practiced today and is very effective.
at least I made it to the tarmac...
I think all the accident recreation channels have run out of fatal crashes to recreate, and are just doing engine failures and lucky escapes now.
Not even close, Johnny.
👏👏 to captain.. Allec..dont like British airways? Where are pilots names? :)
If I ever end up in an Allec video I hope it's a piano one and not a guitar one
I've always wanted to know Allec why do you like the DC-10 i know i do as well but what do you like about it
Beautiful looking design.
@@AllecJoshuaIbay I too also liked the DC-10s design it always had a charming look and i liked it due to it's advantages against other contemporary aircraft of the era as it could land in places where the 747 could not and although the L1011 was more advanced the DC-10 was more affordable to airlines and had a higher capacity and range. I can see why FedEx has kept them for so long
Another good one Allec. Angels were smiling on the BA crew because they made fundamental mistakes.
One question...second officers/flight engineers used to rack up more time than first officers yet always seemed to be stuck in the third seat. Why was that?
BA used dedicated flight engineers, normally ex ground engineers who weren’t qualified as pilots. This is usual on long haul.
This video could have also be titled "Luckyyy!". We've seen what else can happen from becoming so enthralled in one aspect of landing, all else is relegated to the backs of minds. The FO was not of much use on this landing. I've no idea how many hours he or the captain had on 747s...
.. but to miss something as insanely important, and yet, used so often as to become common, and even mundane, so not placed in the "critical" section of the brain, once a pilot has xp in the thousands, (they just "know" THAT will never be an issue with THEM!), & possibly placing too much trust in a FO who may not be as familiar as he with every landing scenario yet, they're very lucky all are still with us, or, were from that time period, forward.
I was going to mention that nothing was ever stated on whether they actually hit the ground or not, Alex did mention, "the plane was repaired & returned to service", & question about the engine surge- but then I saw, as I was typing this part, someone asked this, and Alex answered- I'll check that in a second.
They hit some branches, on of which damages the engine.
Why haven't you done a video on Air Canada Flight 621?
It's official, Allec has run out of disasters to recreate! In today's video, a BA pilot got a speeding ticket landing in Malaysia... tomorrow, tune in as a passenger leaves an Upper Decker on a Delta flight to Boise!
Not so fast, David. 😎 Nothing is official unless I say so.
@@AllecJoshuaIbay Anything you say, Captain Ibay.
@@davidkendrick4453 I did five fatal accidents straight prior to last week's video.
@@AllecJoshuaIbay Just to be sure, these comments I write are meant to be jokes and not to be taken seriously. If I did say something that offended you, I am sorry, it was not my intent. I remember English isn't your first language and it probably shouldn't be mine, either. :)
@@davidkendrick4453 hahaha no worries David. No offense taken. 🙂🙂
When will you use FSX??
What happened to the pilots, I wonder. Bad crew all around to be so callously unaware! Glad everyone was fine, but what about the next time they're so unaware?
If it’s a well run airline they’d receive additional training.
Such a pity all these planes gets scrapped instead of parking them in museums for all to visit.
At 7:27 the aircraft has a 3rd engine on the left wing. I’m assuming they attached it as a spare to ferry it to another location?
It’s an engine ferry location. Rarely used.
Complex landing procedures..lot less automation equals higher incidence of unwanted disorganization. All in all..they was "lucky"
What about British airways flight 009
What plane app is that
FLYING THROUGH TREES 🌳 BRITISH AIRWAYS FLIGHT 888
FLYING THROUGH TREES 🌳 BRITISH AIRWAYS FLIGHT 888
You okay mate?
yes
Did they actually make contact with the ground?
Contact with the treetops.
Damage? What damage did it sustain?
Some damages to the engines for tree ingestion.
This was very similar to, but not quite as serious as, American Airlines Flight 1572.
What, exactly, actually happened? Were there tree branches caught in the landing gear? What caused the yaw, engine issues from eating tree branches or collision with something dense enough to create drag but not to destroy a wing?
Photos of the plane showing damage?
There was... something on the wing...some...thing.
The aircraft ingested some tree parts, basically skimmed the tops of trees. From what i remember the yaw was caused by one of the engines dropping power. And unfortunately, I could not find any post flight pictures. If i had I would have used them
@@AllecJoshuaIbay Thank you.
1970 built Boeing 747-100
Can you please do british airways flight 9 you have the model with the correct style where it says british only also if you made this video would you mention the guruda Indonesia flight that helped ba 9
I do not know how to do the electrical effects though.
It's better to have a massive "haircut" on those tall trees which surround the path for the runway.
Hold on.. .. did it hit the trees or not? If so then he was what.. . 20-30 feet from buying the farm?
The Captain decided to fly the VOR approach to RW15 on a clear VFR night. The VOR Approach called for them to cross the VBA VOR at or above 2000’. Because VBA was 12.4 nm from touchdown 3700’ would have put them on the theoretical Glide Slope. The approach procedure called for them to cross NM NDB at 860’. NM is approximately 4 nm from touchdown. The Glide Slope would be 1260’ passing NM. The procedure puts the airplane 400’ low on glide slope passing NM. The crew has to see the Runway at NM to continue the approach. Then the crew has to maintain 860’ for another 1.2 miles before the descent is continued to landing. If you do everything correct it may be a good exercise. There was absolutely no reason to do it and it nearly killed everyone. It’s wise to use electronic information to confirm you are looking at the correct airport. If the weather was 1000’ overcast you would have to fly the published profile in order to land. Since the weather was great there was no reason to fly the approach profile. The Captain did such a bad job that he was planning to be 400’ below the landing profile he actually left 860’ before passing NM. He hit trees 2.2 nm from the end of the runway at an elevation of 170’ so my guess the tree tops were 200’. He trimed 200 meters of trees. The accident report also mentions the Captain had some flying issues during his training on the B747.
So what do you think the alternative to the VOR was?
@@peteconrad2077 CDA
@@georgeconway4360 what do you mean by CDA? Where I come from that’s a way of flying an approach, not a type of approach. For example most of us now fly VOR approaches as CDA.
Maybe you mean something else?
@@peteconrad2077 No, you could fly any non precision approach using distance and altitude to give you a theoretical G/S. The Captain on this accident aircraft used the old dive and drive method in CAVOK conditions nearly killing everyone. I must admit I never saw a single case of a pilot flying a practice VOR approach during a live trip in my 43 years of airline flying.
@@georgeconway4360 well it’s not entirely clear why he chose the VOR. While coming up with a CDA profile of your own might be okay given current practice, they weren’t a common concept in those days. I can’t even see for sure that they had a DME which wound be an essential for such a profile.
I was left wondering what disciplinary action (if any) was taken with the crew?
I wonder that too. Unfortunately i could not find more about them.
The Captain resigned. The First officer and flight engineer kept their jobs but with reduced seniority
The right hing to do is train them. Disciplinary actions are contrary to the interests of safety.
@@peteconrad2077 Pete you are absolutely right, punishing people for mistakes is a sure way to reduce flight safety, however I do know from the UK Accident Investigation Bureau (AIB)report that the Captain had experienced difficulties during his conversion on to the B747. That in its self doesn't mean you are not going to make the grade but may be an indication of difficulties you experience further along in your career. I know in the airline I flew for, the training department would go out of it's way to help a pilot who may be having difficulties. Unfortunately costs will raise its ugly head and difficult decisions have to be made, but I know from the very few colleagues who had to be let go it was done with utmost respect. There were very, very occasionally situations where the pilot made no effort to help himself, again help was offered up to a point but we do get paid fairly well and if you cant be bothered to get your head into the flight manual before a check perhaps you're in the wrong job.
Management have to decide if there was flagrant disregard for a procedure leading to an incident or an honest mistake.
I did, every flight. I used to tell my Crew, I am trying to do a flight without any errors. I retired in 2019 after 40 years Airline flying not achieving that goal, but avoided being on the news headlines by great crew coordination, sharp F/O's and robust Standard Operating procedures.( SOPs)...
@@markbradley2367 as an airline tech and training manager who’s had it make those calls I agree it’s only made when safety is at a stake and it seems progress or continued competence isn’t likely. That said, I’ve always been careful about those calls and have never regretted one. And you’re right that they’re relatively rare as most pilots who have an issue are just taking a little longer to get there.
Good thing British Airways obviously didn't care about economics and had only 104 passengers on board a 747. The way the crew handled the flight a fatal accident was highly probable. In that case at least the number of fatalities would have been somehow limited.
So, good video - but we're all still wondering about the leaves, branches, bananas and monkeys caught in the goddam engines or landing gear. No Patreon for you this time, bud! haha
no one died everything thing worked out ok
No GPWS? It was around that time that GPWS was mandated, I guess G-AWNC might have yet to have been fitted with it?
I recall seeing GPWS for the first time in early 1975 at a FAA regulated airline. I believe it took a few years to get it installed on all airliners.
I believe that was the case.
37th!
I don't get what happened😊
Could have killed everyone on board. Can't say that both pilots should be fired if you fly a 747 full of people into trees someone has to be held accountable.