Hi, thanks for the videos, I wish you are healthy and well, I'd be grateful if you could teach how to use XRD references to analyze XRD peaks and identify the crystall structure and crystallinity degree of materials.
Salam Sir, thanks for your time to explain. that was very helpful. I have a project soon and have to identify the XRD peaks. (ferrite, martensite, austenite, carbides) Can you help me with that? I would be really very grateful.
@@qamarwali Hello I need help with the interpretation / identification of the peaks by XRD. It is an H13 steel. I have some peaks here at certain angles, but I don't know how to find out which phase (martensite, austenite, carbide, ...) is involved. It would be very nice if you can help me.
it is a great presentation, if you could help me to have the standard pdf data or the diagram for bentonite 1m558 for my work on anti-mycotoxins as compared with ordinary bentonite
Many thanks for the nice words. Look, I will also search the ICDD # or PDF data for your sample so you can also search on yourself. Let me tell you the methods 1. Search it on Google, and Google will take you to the relevant research paper or review paper, or may be there is a discussion on ResearchGate 2. You are working on this topic, so it means you studied this material from a research paper. Therefore, there must be detail of this material in that paper or in the references cited in that paper. *Very important point* 3. Try crystallography dot org or .net and try for CIF file 4. Look at the ICDD website if possible 5. Just jot down question on ResearchGate, and someone will respond who is working in the same field 6. Lastly, use this key words in the Scopus, and hopefully, you will find the relevant papers. The above-mentioned points are the different approaches to get the ICCD# for your unknown or known sample.
Namaste sir. Very well explained. Thank you. If the synthesised compound is new and we don't know the compound name then can I compare the peaks with the JCPDS data of the corresponding oxides of reactants individually ?
I think the best way is to go for EDX so that to understand the chemical analysis. This way you will understand the elements and then you go say something about the XRD
@@qamarwali Namaste sir, Thank you for guiding me. I have XRD data, but how should I confirm it. for example, if my sample is synthesized using strontium nitrates and aluminum nitrates say and I don't have jcpds data for that synthesized compound to compare and confirm and find out h, k, l values and its phase, structure, and so on.
So can I conclude that we can verify by the JCPDS data of the oxides of corresponding raw materials. Say strontium oxide, aluminium oxide and If I am doping Europium (say) , by it's oxides
@@chandrakalas6989 to be honest, I am not much sure much about it. But I can assure that you just search similar work done before that will definitely help you.
I have already made a video on it. Please explore it in my channel. Simply , XRD tells the crystal structure, single crystal, poly crystalline, or amorphous nature of a material. Also used to find particle size, phases identification. EDS, on the other hand, tells about the quantitative and qualitative information about the elements that exist in the sample. The information is in terms of wt% and atomic%
Hi. Thanks for theses slides. Quick question: on the last slide when you were calculating the "d" from final XRD graph, how can we determine each peak is correspond to which planes? i.e. how did you find out it was (111) or (222)? Thanks
Actually, the XRD machine will provide two files ,one in Excel form and the other in WORD DOC. In the Excel, the intensity is in one column, while the 2 theta in other colum . You can draw it in Origin Pro, etc. In the word files, all the details are available, such as d value, the corresponding peak value, such as 111, 121,.. There are other ways also to calculate
These (110).... are basically crystal plans where atoms are located. Peaks shows diffraction from these planes .... Please go through all the videos, all explanation are there.
We usually use SEM or FESEM analysis to measure the thickness of the thin film. I am not sure about thickness measurement using XRD. We use XRD to know the crystal structure of the material whether it is mono or poly crystalline or amorphous. We know it from the XRD peaks.
In XRD, we just get information regarding crystal structure, the affects of doping etc. I think the interpretation is same but in your case see whether bismuth causes some changes or not.
As far as I know, it means that if there is highly order of the lattice as a result of higher crystalline whereas low order results lower crystalline. Simple is that, if a mirror is more polish it will reflect more light while less polish mirror will not do the same job. 😊
Sir I have XRD data of nanoparticles...but can't interpret it..becoz I don't have or I couldn't afford that card no software..plz kindly guide or help me for the same.As I m very close to submission of thesis..but couldn't interpret my data.
Have you got your data from XRD machine? It should be in the form of Excel sheet or Ms word. You just take the data and draw it in origin Pro. If you still have an issue please let me know
Sir could u plz make lecture about figure . images font size for reserch paper .. and synthesis scehme . as after converting word file into pdf 'scheme figure become blur after minimizing ...
In EDS, the data obtained proivde the information about existing elements in terms of atomic % and wt%. I don't know how in XRD it is possible? As I talked about it in the video?
@djedidmana3405 but my data is different than yours. For example, my work was based on metal oxide semiconductors like SnO2, TiO.... Which field are you working on?
@djedidmana3405 So this simply means that the XRD graph, in my case and your case, would be absolutely different. You simply take your sample to the XRD operator and let he or she perform the XRD. After that, they will hand over the raw data in the form of intensity vs. 2 theta . Now you have to draw it in Origin Pro like I did in my case. I hope it is clear !
There are so many formulas for calculating lattice parameters such as "d" "a" "b" "c" etc.. Using Brags law, we can find "d". Here I just showd how to interpret XRD data for your paper or thesis.
These are called planes denoted with symbol (hkl) and can take any value, (110), (200)..... These (hkl) is called Miller indices. Let's suppose a unit cell having three lattice vector a1, a2, and a3. These hkl denotes a plane that intercepts the three points a1/h, a2/k, a3/l or some multiple. I recommend you to read 7 crystal structure .
@@qamarwali Thank you so much, I known that amorphous structure has a broad halo, and I need some one to help me for analyse my result of DRX , Can you help me please , and I am very appreciate it .
@@qamarwali the clay mineral examination by XRD include three stage for each sample, at first exam in normal state, after that the same sample are saturated by ethylene glycol and examend , and same it treated by heating for 330 C and 550 C each sample examend 4 times and the result giving as 4 xrd chart per 1 sample.
I answer it but you can guess from XRD pattern too. If very sharp peak so it will single whether is poly is made of many single so the peak should be diffuse but bot like amorphous
Good question. You will get a word file from XRD machine. In that file there are crystal lattice parameters. Just compare those parameters with the literature so you will know that it is cubic or tetragonal etc
You can find from literature. Have you searched this on Scopus? If you have access to the Scopus please find it there. There will be books or review paper related to your materials
@@qamarwali sir you have not discussed about peak width and d spacing. Kindly provide me online tuition if you are interested ,you will paid for that. My no is 7678905836.
It is just counting number like in the case of XRD we just count x-rays photons while in the case of XPS we just count electrons. So we can use any unit to describe the counting. This is why a.u which means arbitrary unit. We can also use CPS means count per second
salam sir, I had a project and need to prepare Alloys through the powder metallurgy route could you be able to assist me. if you share your contact number I would let you know about the FYP. The procedural manual is needed as I have no previous expertise and no direct supervisor due to the Covid outbreak. (TiNiCu alloys )
From the lattice parameters (a, b and c as well as alpha, beta and gamma,) we get from XRD machine can clearly tell that the materials is cubic, hexagonal etc. The data you have to compare with the literature
I just show how to interpret your XRD for paper and thesis. Sure if you want to talk about so many things in XRD, it might take hours. Thank you so much for the comment. I will try to improve it.
Please drop your questions here so that everybody gets benefits. I will respond at the earliest. My email is qamarwali@yahoo.com but I am rarely checking
@@qamarwali Ok brother. (1) In XRD pattern, why do curves for different materials show peak at the same angle, (3) why different materials show similar peaks at same angles?
@Azeem Mustafa Different materials show different peaks having various intensities at slightly different angles. I have never seen different materials showing the same peaks at the same angle? If it is the case, then both materials are the same. If it is the case, then it might be due to the following: * Different curves show peaks at the same angles due to the same instrument, but the peaks intensity must be different for different materials. Another question is almost the same as the first one. Because the instrument is the same and the instrument scanning all samples at the same rate with the same angle so that is why the peaks show at the same angle, BUT again, with different intensities. Sorry if I could not explain well. Let me know how you look into it
You are welcome 😊 My email is qamarwali85@gmail.com, but I rarely check it. I will respond to your questions here in the comment section to the best of my capabilities.
MK Academy thanks for replying I mean how could your figured out the intensities have these crystallographic planes. By referring to JPCD could you give us a solved problem on how to specify this peak has e.g and the second peak has and so on because I have a problem in explaining the peaks in XRF . Many Thanks
Thank you for taking the time to help scientists new to XRD like me who you will likely never meet!
I am glad it helps.
@@qamarwali need your help
Hi, thanks for the videos,
I wish you are healthy and well,
I'd be grateful if you could teach how to use XRD references to analyze XRD peaks and identify the crystall structure and crystallinity degree of materials.
I am sorry for not replying to your comment. I don't know how i missed it. Sure I will make
Thankyou sir for this information
Will please make a video on FTIR, SEM,UV Analysis of nanoparticles
Please watch other videos on my channel. I have already made
Apperciatable explanation Sir g....you derserve in a very cool and mind blowing way
Thank you very much for your comment. You are welcome
Salam Sir, thanks for your time to explain. that was very helpful. I have a project soon and have to identify the XRD peaks. (ferrite, martensite, austenite, carbides) Can you help me with that? I would be really very grateful.
Let's discuss it sometime
@@qamarwali Hello I need help with the interpretation / identification of the peaks by XRD. It is an H13 steel. I have some peaks here at certain angles, but I don't know how to find out which phase (martensite, austenite, carbide, ...) is involved. It would be very nice if you can help me.
it is a great presentation, if you could help me to have the standard pdf data or the diagram for bentonite 1m558 for my work on anti-mycotoxins as compared with ordinary bentonite
Many thanks for the nice words.
Look, I will also search the ICDD # or PDF data for your sample so you can also search on yourself.
Let me tell you the methods
1. Search it on Google, and Google will take you to the relevant research paper or review paper, or may be there is a discussion on ResearchGate
2. You are working on this topic, so it means you studied this material from a research paper. Therefore, there must be detail of this material in that paper or in the references cited in that paper. *Very important point*
3. Try crystallography dot org or .net and try for CIF file
4. Look at the ICDD website if possible
5. Just jot down question on ResearchGate, and someone will respond who is working in the same field
6. Lastly, use this key words in the Scopus, and hopefully, you will find the relevant papers.
The above-mentioned points are the different approaches to get the ICCD# for your unknown or known sample.
Thank you very much!
Please add more videos about XRD, UV and PL
Sure sir. Thanks for watching
Namaste sir.
Very well explained. Thank you. If the synthesised compound is new and we don't know the compound name then can I compare the peaks with the JCPDS data of the corresponding oxides of reactants individually ?
I think the best way is to go for EDX so that to understand the chemical analysis. This way you will understand the elements and then you go say something about the XRD
@@qamarwali Namaste sir,
Thank you for guiding me.
I have XRD data, but how should I confirm it. for example, if my sample is synthesized using strontium nitrates and aluminum nitrates say and I don't have jcpds data for that synthesized compound to compare and confirm and find out h, k, l values and its phase, structure, and so on.
@@chandrakalas6989 in case of Al(NO3)3 , please check Al2O3, and some other similar compounds XRD that will help to identify peaks....
So can I conclude that we can verify by the JCPDS data of the oxides of corresponding raw materials. Say strontium oxide, aluminium oxide and If I am doping Europium (say) , by it's oxides
@@chandrakalas6989 to be honest, I am not much sure much about it. But I can assure that you just search similar work done before that will definitely help you.
Sir, what is the difference between XRD and EDS? And which one will be more beneficial?
I have already made a video on it. Please explore it in my channel. Simply , XRD tells the crystal structure, single crystal, poly crystalline, or amorphous nature of a material. Also used to find particle size, phases identification.
EDS, on the other hand, tells about the quantitative and qualitative information about the elements that exist in the sample. The information is in terms of wt% and atomic%
Very well explained, thank you, Sir. It helps !
You are welcome!
Hi. Thanks for theses slides. Quick question: on the last slide when you were calculating the "d" from final XRD graph, how can we determine each peak is correspond to which planes? i.e. how did you find out it was (111) or (222)?
Thanks
Actually, the XRD machine will provide two files ,one in Excel form and the other in WORD DOC.
In the Excel, the intensity is in one column, while the 2 theta in other colum . You can draw it in Origin Pro, etc.
In the word files, all the details are available, such as d value, the corresponding peak value, such as 111, 121,..
There are other ways also to calculate
Sir,
(110),(004), (111) what is this number and why there is peak and not between them. And what represents the peaks..
These (110).... are basically crystal plans where atoms are located. Peaks shows diffraction from these planes .... Please go through all the videos, all explanation are there.
Nice video. Sir how can we measure thin film thickness using xrd?
We usually use SEM or FESEM analysis to measure the thickness of the thin film.
I am not sure about thickness measurement using XRD. We use XRD to know the crystal structure of the material whether it is mono or poly crystalline or amorphous. We know it from the XRD peaks.
Assalamualaikum sir, kindly guide me about the xrd graph of bismuth substituted cobalt ferrites
In XRD, we just get information regarding crystal structure, the affects of doping etc. I think the interpretation is same but in your case see whether bismuth causes some changes or not.
lower crystallinity and higher crystallinity means......could you clarify it......nano composite material
As far as I know, it means that if there is highly order of the lattice as a result of higher crystalline whereas low order results lower crystalline.
Simple is that, if a mirror is more polish it will reflect more light while less polish mirror will not do the same job. 😊
@@qamarwali whether it affect the property of final product
@@narendrakumarjharesearchsc5159 definitely, as I gave the example of mirror so people like well polished mirror.
@@qamarwali oh nice thanks for sharing info.
Sir i obtained machine data as angle value or PSD value instead of intensity. and after puting values in origin graph didnt form . plz guide
I don't understand your question. Can you please elaborate your question
Sir I have XRD data of nanoparticles...but can't interpret it..becoz I don't have or I couldn't afford that card no software..plz kindly guide or help me for the same.As I m very close to submission of thesis..but couldn't interpret my data.
Have you got your data from XRD machine? It should be in the form of Excel sheet or Ms word.
You just take the data and draw it in origin Pro. If you still have an issue please let me know
Sir could u plz make lecture about figure . images font size for reserch paper .. and synthesis scehme . as after converting word file into pdf 'scheme figure become blur after minimizing ...
Use snipping tool for good image quality
@@qamarwali Ok Sir 😊
Sir, y we took the atomic percent only,what is the weight percent shown in table
In EDS, the data obtained proivde the information about existing elements in terms of atomic % and wt%. I don't know how in XRD it is possible? As I talked about it in the video?
please can you tell me where i found the data to draw the graphes ?? i have the percentages of the detected elements only ???
Are you about XRD or EDX?
The XRD operator will hand over the raw data, and then you have to draw the graph like I have shown in this video
@djedidmana3405 but my data is different than yours. For example, my work was based on metal oxide semiconductors like SnO2, TiO....
Which field are you working on?
Yes I'm working on the mineral oxides ...such as CaO...SiO2...
@djedidmana3405 So this simply means that the XRD graph, in my case and your case, would be absolutely different.
You simply take your sample to the XRD operator and let he or she perform the XRD. After that, they will hand over the raw data in the form of intensity vs. 2 theta . Now you have to draw it in Origin Pro like I did in my case.
I hope it is clear !
sir how to calculate lattice parameter of composite film with different concentrations of doping
There are so many formulas for calculating lattice parameters such as "d" "a" "b" "c" etc.. Using Brags law, we can find "d". Here I just showd how to interpret XRD data for your paper or thesis.
Sir I want to do xrd analysis of activated carbon..can you please suggest how to do this?
Just take it to the XRD machine and you will get the data. Plot it and see how it look like.
what does it mean 110, 004....etc. please explain it. Thank you
These are called planes denoted with symbol (hkl) and can take any value, (110), (200)..... These (hkl) is called Miller indices. Let's suppose a unit cell having three lattice vector a1, a2, and a3. These hkl denotes a plane that intercepts the three points a1/h, a2/k, a3/l or some multiple. I recommend you to read 7 crystal structure .
Dear sir, thank you so much,what about of amorphous structure ? Is it the same ir ni ?
Amorphous should be one peak and it will be very broad. I made a video on it please
@@qamarwali Thank you so much, I known that amorphous structure has a broad halo, and I need some one to help me for analyse my result of DRX , Can you help me please , and I am very appreciate it .
sir how to intrepret or match the data of iron oxide with jcpds . i mean from where i can get jcpds data
From the literature. All materials data are available. I think go to crystallography. Org or com
@@qamarwali can you share your email or number so I can take help to crack my xrd!
Thank you How can interpretation clay mineral XRD chart with three treatment (Glycol and Heating)?
I do not know exactly your question. However, treatment with heat or doping another element affect the XRD pattern a lot.
@@qamarwali the clay mineral examination by XRD include three stage for each sample, at first exam in normal state, after that the same sample are saturated by ethylene glycol and examend , and same it treated by heating for 330 C and 550 C each sample examend 4 times and the result giving as 4 xrd chart per 1 sample.
Brother how can we determine single crystal structure from Powder diffraction data?
I answer it but you can guess from XRD pattern too. If very sharp peak so it will single whether is poly is made of many single so the peak should be diffuse but bot like amorphous
@@qamarwali
Brother I wanna, how I would know whether the crystal is cubic monoclinic etc from Powder xrd data?
Good question. You will get a word file from XRD machine. In that file there are crystal lattice parameters. Just compare those parameters with the literature so you will know that it is cubic or tetragonal etc
@@qamarwali
Thanks understood now....
@@qamarwali I want to know that how those already existing parameters were made??
Sir hm xrd sy kon kon sy element ko find kr skty hy
It is not elemental analysis. We use EDX or XRF to find elements
Sir, i can't find the appropriate JCPDS for my material Co3O4 nanoflakes. Would you help me finding it please?
thanks for your videos!
You can find from literature. Have you searched this on Scopus? If you have access to the Scopus please find it there. There will be books or review paper related to your materials
@@qamarwali i will try.. thanks
@@qamarwali sir you have not discussed about peak width and d spacing. Kindly provide me online tuition if you are interested ,you will paid for that. My no is 7678905836.
I want to know that how we get to know that the particular peak belongs to this much hkl value ???????
From Jcpds files
@@HariRam-vm1kf And how does JCPDS file know about it. Is there any formula for that
@@ganeshgaur2002 in jcpds file all data given you just only need to check hkl
crosseponding to 2 thetha
Nice
salam respected sir. I have XRD and Raman data in a raw file. how can I open a raw file? please guide me, Thanks
If it is text file then convert it to excel . Then draw it in origin
How can i find occupancy value in my XRD data
What is occupancy value? I am hearing for the first time
Excellent
Thank you
@@qamarwali Where is your other video about interpretation of xrd pulse width?
Thank you sir...for nice explaination
Most welcome
Could you please make a practical example applying jpcds card no thanks
sir normal accent se aap bol skte ho otherwise thik se communicate nhi ho pata messge
Okay, thanks for the comment. I will try to speak in a normal accent in the coming videos.
Wish you good luck 👍
👌
Although it's a good video, but rendition needs a little improvement.... anyway thanks for this video
Many thanks sir. You are absolutely right!. I will try to make it explanatory.
why the intensity unit is arbitrary unit?
It is just counting number like in the case of XRD we just count x-rays photons while in the case of XPS we just count electrons. So we can use any unit to describe the counting. This is why a.u which means arbitrary unit. We can also use CPS means count per second
thank you dear sir
Welcome
这哥们绝对是印度的
salam sir, I had a project and need to prepare Alloys through the powder metallurgy route could you be able to assist me. if you share your contact number I would let you know about the FYP. The procedural manual is needed as I have no previous expertise and no direct supervisor due to the Covid outbreak. (TiNiCu alloys )
Thank you. You just drop me an email qamarwali@yahoo.com so that we can know more about it.
@@qamarwali ok sir. Thanks for the help
@@qamarwali sir I have send it you can please have a look
Can you help me how to identify crystal structrure. Thanks!
From the lattice parameters (a, b and c as well as alpha, beta and gamma,) we get from XRD machine can clearly tell that the materials is cubic, hexagonal etc. The data you have to compare with the literature
Improper information
Improve further for next time seek basics first
I just show how to interpret your XRD for paper and thesis. Sure if you want to talk about so many things in XRD, it might take hours. Thank you so much for the comment. I will try to improve it.
@@qamarwalibig salute sir
Sir , can you plz send me bismuth oxide jcpd card.
Thank you for the comment. You can find it from crystallogrphy.net
Or just simply put the keyword in the google, it will help.
McGlynn Fork
Armstrong Creek
Taylor Elizabeth Robinson Frank White Gary
Hoppe Point
Translation is very pad
Btw your English is also very pad😮
Brother, can I have your email address please?
Please drop your questions here so that everybody gets benefits. I will respond at the earliest.
My email is qamarwali@yahoo.com but I am rarely checking
@@qamarwali Ok brother. (1) In XRD pattern, why do curves for different materials show peak at the same angle, (3) why different materials show similar peaks at same angles?
@Azeem Mustafa
Different materials show different peaks having various intensities at slightly different angles.
I have never seen different materials showing the same peaks at the same angle? If it is the case, then both materials are the same.
If it is the case, then it might be due to the following:
* Different curves show peaks at the same angles due to the same instrument, but the peaks intensity must be different for different materials.
Another question is almost the same as the first one. Because the instrument is the same and the instrument scanning all samples at the same rate with the same angle so that is why the peaks show at the same angle, BUT again, with different intensities.
Sorry if I could not explain well. Let me know how you look into it
@@qamarwali Please allow me to send you an XRD figure on your email address.
@@azeemmustafa7103 yes please
that was very helpful , thank you sir , please would you provide me with your email ? thank you so much sir one more time
You are welcome 😊
My email is qamarwali85@gmail.com, but I rarely check it.
I will respond to your questions here in the comment section to the best of my capabilities.
thank you so much Doctor,
Brother how can we determine single crystal structure from Powder diffraction data?
We need to take SAED pattern in order to know the single or polycrsytalline. If we get dots, it is single if we get ring, it will be polycrystatalline
Could you please make a practical example applying jpcds card no thanks
Thank you very much for your comment. Could you make your point more clear please
MK Academy thanks for replying I mean how could your figured out the intensities have these crystallographic planes. By referring to JPCD could you give us a solved problem on how to specify this peak has e.g and the second peak has and so on because I have a problem in explaining the peaks in XRF . Many Thanks