Did This Bird Really Re-Evolve?
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- Опубликовано: 2 май 2024
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About 136,000 years ago, on a coral atoll in the Indian Ocean, there lived a flightless bird. And when this atoll was swallowed up by the waves, that bird went extinct. ... Or did it? Did the flightless Aldabra rail evolve twice?
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Sources:
www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2...
www.nature.com/articles/s4159...
journals.plos.org/plosone/art...
researchportal.port.ac.uk/fil...
birdsoftheworld.org/bow/speci...
royalsocietypublishing.org/do...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.seychellesnewsagency.com/a...
carnegiemnh.org/a-match-made-...
www.researchgate.net/profile/Andrej-Spiridonov-2/publication/339308200_Moving_towards_a_better_understanding_of_iterative_evolution_an_example_from_the_late_Silurian_Monograptidae_Graptolithina_of_the_Baltic_Basin/links/605bd652299bf17367686519/Moving-towards-a-better-understanding-of-iterative-evolution-an-example-from-the-late-Silurian-Monograptidae-Graptolithina-of-the-Baltic-Basin.pdf
journals.plos.org/plosone/art...
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Thumb Image Credit: Ian Davies / / @thebirdsguy
Images:
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• Tenrec
Check out Manta Sleep here bit.ly/3OVmdhe and make sure to use bizarrebeasts for 10% off your order! And then, take a nap!
Why don't you get to think of a suggestion and creating a RUclips Videos all about the Bizarre Bird Species called a Shoebill (Balaeniceps rex) 👞 🐦 on the next Bizarre Beasts maybe next month in June coming up next?!⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️👍👍👍👍👍
Wish we'd see aldabra rails cohabed with aldabra tortoises in zoo's they're so cute
I have a serious question for people using a thing like this, is it because you can't sleep due to lights/sounds etc? I used to live a somewhat rough life early on so I got used to sleeping with sounds and lights(along with sun) without any issues. I always thought this was normal until I heard that a lot of people are struggling which came as a surprise to me. Makes me wonder how long it took to adapt to in the first place. To be completely honest I do need some sort of sound going on to be able to sleep so that's the downside I have a hard time sleeping in complete silence but that isn't an issue when you're living in a big city.
I already have the Manta Sleep Mask Pro from a different sponsored video and use it every day at work to take naps on my 15-minute breaks. I work in a warehouse, but finding a spot to snooze in is pretty simple. Just need three tall totes: 1 as a seat and the other 2 stacked very strategically like a table.
The mask is cool cause the eye cups are modular and can be pulled off and reoriented on the mask itself due to velcro. The cups also don't put pressure on your actual eyeballs like generic sleep masks do since they're cup shaped rather than flat.
Cant seems to use the code, is it exclusively for US?
so sad that all the rails went extinct in the 1800s when they were killed to make railroads
Fun fact! Their use in railroads led to breeding programs and an explosion in their populations, but it was ultimately the coming of cars and paved roads that led to their decline
@@Lolibeth Facts.
Boo - but also, bravo!
When my sustainability analyst sister says taking the train is more environmentally friendly than driving my car. No, Mikaela, train is murder!
Yes but it was necessary. It made the extinction of Indians, scientific name: native Americans, much easier.
The species didn’t re-evolve, the part just got recast
clever…
In the future, we will either create mutually beneficial relationships with all of these people and animals whom we haven't yet met (such as these rails) which will be worth defending, or we will be guilty of being "Against" these harmonious relationships.
Some things never become less modern. People who love their job and wouldn't mind being left alone have freedom and are subject to their own intrapersonal "judgement" regarding any mistakes which they've made while "under oath". This is what guides people toward success. Some of us have no identity, nor oath. It seems like the oath is like a fountain from which identity is granted. So our focus on safety is superfluous, but success/progress are NOT. What if we were trying to MORE than simply get things "back to normal"? Do you want things to be Better Than Normal for the first time? What's the Oath for that? What's the identity of people who want things to be Better than normal? Do they not have identities yet?
We don't yet have a "Steve Irwin-ist" era of journalism where "history is defined by the victor".
@@seanrowshandel1680ark survival evolved story is that humans and everything on earth is Mosul extinct (except humans on genesis ships in stasis) and we leftbhind technology able to recreate any life that ever lived and even alter its code
Mostly not Mosul
hey mark that spoiler alert :)
Thank you for not falling down the aforementioned media rabbit hole of “this bird evolved twice” and instead establishing the probable distinction between the two iterations. And regardless, this was a very interesting video, as per usual!
Did you expect otherwise from this channel ?
Honestly I ignored all media coverage of this until I saw this video and.... it ended up so interesting
It didn’t even talk about the bird…
I mean anyone with 2 braincells know the distinction bro.
@@carlosandleonno, science needs taught, humans don’t inherently know anything
Rail vs Crab looks like a real life Pokémon battle
"Rail uses peck. It is not very effective"
Or maybe Another Crabs Treasure?
It really looks like a turn based fight 😂😂
@@jamesoshea580 "Crab waves claw - misses."
@@user-un8tv1pp8mrail uses bird dance and it's attack increases
"Did This Bird Really Evolve Twice?"
crabs: amateurs
This is why the rail is out for those crabs
Peace was never an option in the re-evolution community
@@primevalrex7266 The rails are leading an uprising against the crabs. It's a revolution
Trees: 😎
Crabs are ugly tho so who really won?
@@mhead1117 your mom is ugly
but seriously, do not insult crabs in my presence
The clip where the rail starts pecking the tortoise and the tortoise looks like it’s going “hey cmon man”
i would love to get a plants series like this. Theres SO many weird plants. Sandbox trees and exploding cucumbers!
Also i would love to consult if something were to come of that...
Check out floralogic
Yes! and the Gympie Gympie from Australia
That would be pretty wonderful. All the stinky plants, exploding plants, plants that just ALWAYS choose violence, plants that will both sting you AND can be used to soothe the sting they just made, plants that give you sun sensitivity for extended periods of time...
That would be awesome!!
I was just interested until they showed the clip with the chicks OMIGOSH, THE ADORABLE RAIL BABIES! They are so FLUFFY!!!!!❤❤❤
It's the do-do bird 2.0!
Tbf most birds chicks are fluffy. :D
I also found it interesting how the babies are completely black but the adults are different colors.
Oh, I am an equal opportunity lover of fluffy chicklets 😂 we are birb folks over here. I agree about the color difference, all black growing into more colorful is somewhat unusual.
If I had a nickle for every time a flightless aldabra rail evolved on the Aldabra atoll I'd have two nickles. Which isn't a lot, but it's weird that it happened twice, right?
"Only 2x? Those are rookie numbers."~ Crabs
So we didn't get a re-release.
We got a remake.
Perfect description 😂
My favorite name for a flightless rail is an Atlantic species, the Inaccessible Island Rail. Named for its home island, which is not so much hard to get to as hard to set foot on.
Nature said "extinct". Bird said "nuh uh"
Thank you for reminding me about the Reunion swamp hen, I'd forgotten about it since Brady last mentioned it
Why does the rail at 2:15 have to be so rude? The Aldabra tortoise is just minding its own business
Bizarre beast suggestion: Nothobranchius killifish
Shortest lifecycle of a vertebrate species. Nothobranchius Fuzeri mature, spawn, and die within three months. They lay there eggs in mud that dries out for months until rain comes again. Bonus: they're super colorful and cool looking!
OMG YES killifish are so cool! I have a species of longer living ones and its interesting how their eggs have a far longer incubation period then most fish of that size. I guess that is because their ancestors where seasonal fish that readapted to a "normal" livecycle. I don't know if this is actually the case for this genus (Epiplatys), but i heard that there is genetic evidence in some killifish, that they have switched between stategies multiple times in the past, which is just evolution at it's finest.
YES KILLIFISH ARE SO COOL
Awwww... those little black fluffybutt Rails are adorable! 🖤🖤 And this is (as Hank mentioned) like how things like to become crabs, except in birds, so it's not really so surprising, IMO. Interesting, yes - very! But not horribly strange. 😊
It seems to me that this is just convergent evolution, but happening at different times.
Rather than two species of far different classifications evolving into similar forms, it's two species of far different times evolving into similar forms.
Your wording is incorrect by not presenting valid comparisons, but that aside, one point; convergence doesn't require the taxa to be contemporaneous, so that part is irrelevant.
@@Dr.Ian-Plect Thanks, Doc!
IS THIS MAN ON EVERY RUclips CHANNEL????
Wait until you meet Simon Whistler.
@@greywolf7577 I feel like every day he starts a new channel that I then tell RUclips to block, only for me to get recommended a new video from him on another channel the next day.
There’s 10 people somehow creating every channel lol
That bird : HELLO BOYS, I'M BAAAACK
Ah no, wrong bird. It's Quaids rail that's attributed with that particular call.
Wow, those rails have deep and enduring beef with crabs, I'll bet the crabs have a tendency to predate rail eggs and young chicks. Or they just don't like the look of ocean bugs? 🤔
I mean, the crabs already won the first round, with that whole extinction of the first rail so... Maybe the new birds want generational revenge?
They're tasty
“I will gradually peck all the tasty bits from this pinchy bug.”
It can be all of the above. It's rarely if ever that black and white when it comes to nature.
We talking bout species that will each eat they own kind the moment any red shows from an injury
"Part of a train track" (Dad joke alert!) :-D
Im convinced life on another planet wont seeem that bizarre, q lot of living things will look incredible similar, filling similar roles as on Earth, but there may be visible differences that at first glance seem uncanny, but really aren't effectively different all too much.
Thanks for showcasing flightless island rails. The first animal I ever learned of as being extinct in the wild but still extant in zoos was the Guam Rail, from reading the placard about it next to its exhibit in the San Diego Zoo. It made a big impression on me at the time, but I wasn't the only one to be impressed by the Guam Rail's plight. Due to breeding & re-introduction programs, in 2019, the species became only the second bird after the California condor to be reclassified by the IUCN from extinct in the wild to critically endangered. Go flightless island rails!
Yall have no idea how much i appreciate another bird video after i subscribed to the pin service for that BEAUTIFUL raven pin
« Defining a species can be messy »
_PTSD throwback to Clint’s Reptiles crazy phylogenetic trees_
man-like man-like man-like monkeys be like 👁️👄👁️
Always good to see and hear Hank Greene!
For anyone curious regarding the sponsor, as someone who has one- the Manta Sleep sound is really great. I 100% recommend. Sound quality is great. It has something like 30h of battery life on a charge. I only charge it every other day and use it every night. It also has a mic built in, so if I want, I can chat or take calls with it, though I've only used this feature once. It has been wonderful at lulling off my busy mind, and it is 100% blackout.
The electronics detach via Velcro for easy machine washing. I suggest air dry though, as the dryer has mangled the eye cups and the Velcro attaching them to the mask has started to tear away. Nothing a little fabric glue didn't fix though. So yeah, air dry.
I just can't stop being entertained by the multiple clips of rails versus crabs.
Seeing the bird and the Crabs go after each other is so epic. The crabs are nearly the same size as the rails.. It makes the battle that much more intense
136K years is well within the age at which DNA can be extracted. I wonder if these fossils were preserved in a way that would allow DNA extraction. Comparing two versions of this flightless rail is something evolutionary biologists would enjoy.
I'm happy to see you still making videos. Hang in there.
Another possibility is the older version didn't become fully flightless and flight capable specimens migrated away from the island when it began to disappear. I guess that subspecies would have gone extinct by admixing with the cousin population of which it initially split though.
Lol thinking you've killed the last one and you start hearing the boys are back in town in the distance
These birds are a menace. Look at the way they peck the crabs and annoy the poor turtle..!
I’m glad this is being addressed.
The coolest thing about evolution, is how things can fill in blanks in extinctions….
The only rail I see often is the spotted rail. Whenever I go mountain biking on my local trails, 10/10 they'll run so fast to hide. Some will even crash against dry twigs or stumble. 😂
Perhaps the core species has a recessive trait that will reduce the wings over time which also plays a role in some other positive core trait so that it isn't lost. Isolated populations without selective pressures will continue to reduce the wings until fully flightless thus the flightless rail is inevitable regardless of the species/subspecies of rail.
Wild that I had never heard the word gallinule before! We do have one species in Britain and it's super common, but we call it them moorhens.
Humans: How are you not dead?!
Rail: I have no idea!
Well rails can swim, so it's theoretically possible to be the same population...
That was my thought, as well.
Interesting idea.
Are other islands close enough for the rails to swim to? Has anyone done DNA testing of flightless rails on separate but nearby islands to see if that gives us evidence?
Other theoritically possibility is both iterations of rail could technically produce fetile offspring and count as the same species. No idea if the genetic drift makes that impossible or not.
Omniman: “What’s another 17,000 years? I can always start again. Make another bird!”
if it looks like a duck, walks like a duck, sounds like a duck, smells like a duck, eats like a duck, raises young like a duck, exhibits all the exact same behaviors as a duck, evolved from the same older bird as a duck, is indistinguishable from a duck even under close scrutiny and under many microscopes, it might not be a duck, because one protein in it's RNA sequence is slightly different.
yeah that tracks logically.
the correct term for siniment around a fossil is called a matrix.
When you're a paleontologist and someone says "Matrix":
"Ah, the sediment or rock that encloses a fossil. Fascinating!"
When you're a movie fan and someone says "Matrix":
"Red pill or blue pill? Welcome to the real world, Neo!"
are you assuming they were extinct? perhaps maybe they found a way to survive.
remember.. "life uh... finds a way"
Unless they developed gills that seems unlikely from the information presented.
Another commenter said that rails can swim. Could they have swum to a nearby higher island, then descendants swam back when this island reappeared?
Flightless Cormorants in Gálapagos are ground nesting birds. Thanks for your interestingly bizarre video
@bizarrebeasts
Please upload more rail vs crab footage!!!!
“Crab-shaped” is such a delightful descriptor.
So basically, it's a case of convergent evolution with a common ancestor. A evolved into B, and then later A evolved into C; B and C just happen to have similar traits because they evolved under similar (basically identical) conditions and started from the same form. Neat!
Is the rail going after the crab, or the eggs it's carrying on it's underside? It looked to me like they were just trying to pluck off a few eggs, not take out the entire crabby boi.
How long has this channel existed and how did I not know about it!?
Hank your new hair looks so great! I hope you think so as well. Keep up the awesome.
What I found interesting was in the scenes where you see the bird pecking at a relatively large crab, I noticed that it was a female crab carrying eggs and the bird isn't so much pecking at the crab as much as it is stealing the crabs eggs. That is one way to keep the land crab population under control.
Wasn't the dodo a flightless pigeon, rather than a rail?
i think he meant that there's more extinct rails rather than dodos being rails
Technically I'm pretty sure dodos are part of the Paleaognathae
@@theapexsurvivor9538 no, I checked. They're definitely part of the Columbidae (pigeons).
He didn't say they were rails, just another flightless bird in the area!
I noticed that Hank carefully avoided mentioning the third rail.
Similar to the Eastern Coyote, a newcomer to the Eastern US and a recent wolf-coyote hybrid, which has filled the niche of the nearly extinct Red Wolf, which was probably also a wolf-coyote hybrid from tens of thousands of years ago.
It all comes down to the definition of a species. Two populations are considered two species if they cannot succesfully produce fertile offspring. A couple common reasons for this are breeding season mismatch, genital size or shape mismatch, and geographic isolation. In the case of these rail species, the seperation is temporal. Individuals of these species could never produce fertile offspring because there's a many millenia mismatch between their breeding seasons, on account of one of them being extinct.
That's a classic case of technically correct.
please do an episode on the Aldabra tortoise the second largest tortoise in the world and they are endangered. And you can get one from a reputable breeder causeway they are being bred commercially be aware they are the second largest tortoise they can weigh up to 500 lbs. And they're very very friendly.
Usually endangered animals can’t be bought because, breeders or not, rareness encourages poaching. What’s different in this case?
We have done an episode on giant tortoises! ruclips.net/video/v_g9S0Ys-p8/видео.htmlsi=9L_F0vwKV-PdVpVg
@@foxgloved8922 aldabras are not endangered. They're all over their native environment.
Galapago tortoises, ARE endangered, and you can't get them.
Totally different species.
@@keithfaulkner6319 thanks for the clarification. OP made it sound like they are advocating for purchasing an endangered animal.
Aldabra tortoises are vulnerable (just one step from endangered) according to Wikipedia and PBS and IUCN. So @shaden0040's comment was incorrect, but there is indeed concern about the species. IUCN's website states their status was assessed in 1996, which is 28 years ago; I wonder if they are doing better or worse now. The IUCN website notes that (in 1996, I assume) "population severely fragmented", "continuing decline of mature individuals", "continuing decline in area, extent, and/or quality of habitat".
How many times have the sabertooth tiger re evolved??
(im waiting for the next round here)
love the background, ill get that too one day ha
Flightless bird crabification
The book "Improbable Destinies" is about this feature of evolution. It covers evolutionary experiments with introducing lizards to tiny islands in the Caribbean and allowing tiny fish to colonize pools upstream.
You should try a Rollladen for sleeping. It's divine.
I would hope that certain birds like that would develop the ability to at least float on top if the water. A lot like how Ducks do.. Obviously they won't have the waterproofing effect that most birds that evolved to interact with water have developed
The rail is only found on Picard Island, where cats have been eradicated, not anywhere else.
Was the dodo not related to pigeons ? Is there new evidence out ?
You are right! Dodo's are related to pigeons! We were just saying that they are the most famous flightless bird that lived on an island in the Indian Ocean, not that they were also rails.
@@BizarreBeasts Ah ok. Then i misunderstood. Thanks
Did I see a reference to the Réunion swamphen? The official bird of Hello Internet?
Good video
💙
So this isnt two identical evolutions of the same parent species, but this _near_ identical evolution of the same parent species raises an interesting evolutionary possibility: could iterative evolution be a factor in the development of traits that are reinserted into the parent population?
Say theres an island that is periodically connected to the mainland when sea levels drop where flightless birds evolve during periods of isolation, that are then reintroduced to their flying relatives when the island becomes connected again. The level of speciation isnt so radical that the two populations can't interbreed, so the flightless gene is taken up by the flying population. This process repeats many times until enough copies of the flightless gene get introduced to the flying population that it primes the flying population to evolve flightlessness at the drop of a hat.
Or something similar. I was actually thinking about hammerhead sharks, but i dont think there's any evidence that they went through iterative evolution.
This seems like Zelda games lore shenanigans
Bird versus crab. A rivalry as old as time.
Even if they were flightless they can still float and swim. Chickens can also float and swim.. . Some died but some swam or floated away when still alive then came back after they changed a bit
Cool, I was not expecting to see Hank Green here when I clicked on this video
I love rails. They are one of my favorite groups of birds.
Interesting, but when the atoll sank what says the birds, tho flightless, didn't just swim to other atolls?
How do we tell the difference between rail evolution and rail manifestation of ancestral flightless trait manifesting in the presence of their ground-foraging, low-predator island lifestyle? Are there species of birds that have adapted from flightless to flight, and back again, the way some animals have gone from aquatic to land back to aquatic?
Cetaceans and sirenians are both fully, secondarily aquatic.
Weren't kidding about them curls! Good job though.
I wonder if this channel ever attached the subject of the blue iguana
They don't evolve twice. They were just island boys...
Thanos: I am inevitable.
Some atoll bird: 🐦
Species translates to something like “semblance/form.” When the word was first used by scientists they meant “these all have the exact same form and do the exact same thing.”
Carl Linnaeus.
I feel sorry for the larger crabs, it looks like death by a thousand cuts. I am not sure that the crab would be able to kill the bird any faster. I assume the occasional bird misjudges the strength or speed of a crab and gets clamped.
If Michael Levin's work is correct, then genes just code for proteins. The body plan is somehow stored in electrical potential across the cells of an organism. I'd be interested to see how that would impact evolution. If genes aren't all that important for a body plan, then what affects changes in body plans?
I love your channel
That’s pretty incredible, don’t you think? No, really, that’s fascinating. Did both eventual, and similar iterations begin with the same original bird species?
Eistein's definition of insanity is attempting the same wrong answer repeatedly with no adjustment after it fails.
What if some of them were just holding their breath until the island came back?
the remaster everyone wanted
Im confused is that hank green talking bout birds?, or his doppelgänger??
You know a evolution trait works well when you keep seeing copies of it in nature.
i mean, if they’re omnivorous, an island bird, & alive today, that makes me think that they could’ve just swam? have we observed them swimming to find food before? cuz an atoll is a great place to learn, especially if your home regularly becomes flooded. if you’re caught up in a storm at sea, it’s probably safer at the edge of the water then amongst the clouds
That could have happened but it's not the most obvious solution.
Birds fly, duh, but particularly the family of Gruiformes (also features cranes) are less keen on actual swimming than proper waterfowl (Anseriformes). So comparing the behaviour of extant relatives the proposal of flying from Madagascar to Aldabra is more logical. It is the first hypothesis scientists in ornithological evolution tend to explore to explain species distribution.
In addition, rails and crakes are often found near aquatic habitats and feature some adaptations for living on wet surfaces or in the water. But pedalling along the 420km from Madagascar to Aldabra (or the other way around) across an ocean would be a rather extraordinary feat for a bird that's poorly adapted to marine life, without any accidents on the way.
@@NewAge374
Could the rail have swum over from a nearby island, rather than from Madagascar? Or been swept from one nearby island to another on a raft of storm debris?
@@JaniceLHz I don't remember what the video showed exactly but Madagascar would've been the closest island where the ancestral species of rail comes from.
What you say sure is possible, but the point of my earlier comment was to say that it's not the most likely origin, which means you need stronger evidence to suggest it compared to the theory of re-evolving that this video proposes.
@NewAge374
Thank you for clarifying the relevant geography (that Madagascar is the closest other land, and that it is 420 km away).
I had not looked at a map, and other comments had sounded as if there were nearby islands.
It looks like the camera/cameras that filmed the Aldabra and crab iterations are held by someone. Even though
a couple of them look like they're almost on top of it, the Aldabra could care less. I realize that if they never
saw humans they have no reason to avoid them. Still most small animals have an innate sense that, at the very least,
makes them wary of anything bigger then they are. Apparently they didn't get that memo......... Dead bird walking "0_o"
Just reading about the Inaccessible Island Rail on Wikipedia and had to come back to this.
I wonder if Brennan Lee Mulligan knows these bird facts 🤔 6:43
So this bird migrated, evolved to new species then died out, then the (same or slightly different?) bird migrated later to this island and evolved in the same way but slightly differently so not the same species. Intriguing, but why not the same? Because the odds of that are low? Then hypothetically the same species could evolve and die out, and again have evolved, with exactly the same genome? While unlikely, it's an even more intriguing though, and how do we know that where not exactly the same? Or similar enough genomes to not be different species, but rather could have made (non-hybrid) offsprings together? I.e. would be subspecies (a technical term) of the same species.
Out of henuine curiosity, what’s the difference between a “breed” and a “subspecies”? Does the term “breed” only apply to domestic animals?
Correct.
How do they know that the first evolved rail was flightless?
Flight is a disadvantage...until it's a huge advantage.
Why isn't just that the same environment prompted the same results.?
An environment so rich with food, crabs and bugs and absent of predators, they evolved as the product of that same environment.
Thank you for remaining pro-science, pro-reality in the ugly face of anti-scientific nonsense, ‘intelligent’ design silliness, and mass belief in stupid conspiracies! This channel and the others from these creators are a lovely breath of fresh air. Fresh, tropical, island air, even!
Then again hope these aren't the science deniers that believe in non-binary as it's a trend I am noticing. If going to be fully pro-science then you must throw all unscientific stuff out the window.