Many thanks to science and technology company Merck for sponsoring this video! Find out more about these amazing nanoscopic particles, and Merck’s manufacturing and R&D on them, at www.merckgroup.com/en/research/science-space/envisioning-tomorrow/precision-medicine/lipid-nanoparticles.html?ko=anst
Could you address how lipid nanoparticles can target specific cell types? It seems that currently the particles bump into the cells of whatever tissue they are injected in, and fuse with the cells. I could imagine some get washed into the lymph system, or happen to get into the blood stream. Your list of applications seemed to imply some targeted cell therapy. How does this work? Thanks!
Great question and maybe deserved more than a throwaway sentence in the video! :) The idea is to decorate them with various things that would cause them to be taken up by specific cell types by binding to receptors on those cells. Nature is of course way ahead of us on this, eg the classic current example would be how the spike protein on coronaviruses binds to the ACE-2 receptor which is only found on certain cell types, meaning they are only taken up by cells with that receptor. Obviously we’d be aiming to use these powers for good!!
@@DrAndrewSteele I was asking because the current version of lipid nanoparticles don't seem to target any specific tissue. Combined with accidental injection into a blood vessel, this could lead to inflammation (due to now vaccine "infected" cells) in the circulatory system or other tissues. ruclips.net/video/mbZ6E2rhdcw/видео.html presented a bolus hypothesis which seems plausible.
Can they get rid of the big bubbles of fat sitting on top of my abs, core strength wise I know they must be quite well developed, they're just hidden/internal.
Theres even a newstory on the BBC website about Humans living to 140 years and beyond. What about a video about celluar reprogramming ?? The CEO of Open AI has just pumped 180 USD into a BioTech company reversing human ageing approx 10 years, and their mission is for affordable therapeutics.
This is very cool. I'm very excited to see what mRNA, and these lipid nanoparticles can do for us in the future! (to say nothing of the great things they've done for us now!)
I am extremely excited about the use of this technology in the future. However, I am also worried about the anti-science movement that might hinder the progress that humanity is making.
Do we build up a resistance for lipid nanoparticles? After the 5th vaccine, would we be immune to this special type of lipid nanoparticle and would need to create a new kind our immune system does not already know? Similar to how viruses need to evolve? Is the solution to this problem to exacly mark the shell with proteins and stuf like each individual body does with its own cells? Or would we need to somehow add the desired protein in the exceptions for how in the thymus the imune cells get created so they dont destroy body cells? Dont know if someone knows the answers to my questions or if there even are answers jet, but thanks anyway!
The good news is that I don’t think lipids aren’t ‘complex’ enough for a response from the adaptive part of the immune system, which learns threats and can therefore cause resistance to appear-that normally works on proteins, which are more complex and virus- or species-specific, rather than fats or sugars or whatever which are generic and therefore not very helpful for making an ID! The immune response to the lipids is made by the ‘innate’ immune system which is more basic and doesn’t ‘learn’ as such, so there’s no way to build up resistance, even if some lipid combination does cause an immune response. That said, your comment makes a lot of sense and it’s something scientists are looking into! Decorating the nanoparticles with our own proteins might be one way to reduce immune responses, or tailor them to be exactly how we want, and to direct the LNPs to where they’re needed in the body. Our bodies actually already do this with tiny fatty bubbles of their own called ‘exosomes’, so there’s plenty of room for exploration!
@Cassie Oz is right, they do cause short-term inflammation, but this can be a good thing in a vaccine-and we should be able to make some that cause no inflammation at all for applications where this isn’t desirable, because our bodies already use very similar particles called exosomes to send RNA and other things around!
Hospitals, doctors offices and schools should be places where good nutrition is taught and provided not places that contribute to disease and obesity. It is crazy the hospitals are feeding people the very food that caused the heart disease, high blood pressure or cancer that they are treating. Every person in the hospital should receive some nutrition education before being released. Every doctor visit should be an opportunity to educate patients about how food choices impacts their health outcomes. The fact that doctors do not get nutrition training as part of their training makes no sense. Medicare and Medicaid should require nutrition education as part of patient care. Focus should be on food choices. Fasting should be investigated as a treatment for disease.
isn't a tiny bubble of fat just a reasonable description of a cell or proto-cell? Lipid membrane with different conditions inside than outside is sort of the one thing almost everything anyone calls life has in common.
Andrew sounds like an influencer who's hawking the latest diet or snake oil cure. Even if the content is good, I feel like I'm listening to Gwnyeth Paltrow pitch Goop
I guess the difference between me and Gwyneth is that I have a load of genuine scientific references in the description, and the content has been fact-checked by experts. Otherwise, carry on equating enthusiasm about genuinely exciting science with Goop!
@@DrAndrewSteele if we don't put zest into evidence based content then the con artists will keep winning and their misinfo will spread further than nuance and truth
Not in this case but I do love the bizarreness of the cells used in so many parts of biology, eg moth cells for making the protein the protein in the Novavax covid jab!
People need to take personal responsibility for their life and health. The general over all health of people has declined the last few decades. Even children today have signs of artery disease. Fast foods and sugary drinks have long term consequences. There is an obesity epidemic today where over 60% of the population is overweight or obese. What is common today and "NORMAL" is not healthy. The average person today is not healthy and is taking medications. Heart attacks were once only common in people over 65. Today people in their 40 are having heart attacks. Add more plants and vegetables to your diet and less junk and overly processed foods. Being thin is a sign of good health. Being over weight or obese is a sign of bad health. Poor diet, lack of exercise and obesity are contributing to high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes and cancer.
Many thanks to science and technology company Merck for sponsoring this video! Find out more about these amazing nanoscopic particles, and Merck’s manufacturing and R&D on them, at www.merckgroup.com/en/research/science-space/envisioning-tomorrow/precision-medicine/lipid-nanoparticles.html?ko=anst
Extremely refreshing to see a youtuber that does not use irrelevant video clips and distracting background music. Subscribed
Thx Andrew! I enjoyed learning from your explanation about lipid nanoparticles.
Thank you! Glad you enjoyed it :)
Could you address how lipid nanoparticles can target specific cell types? It seems that currently the particles bump into the cells of whatever tissue they are injected in, and fuse with the cells. I could imagine some get washed into the lymph system, or happen to get into the blood stream. Your list of applications seemed to imply some targeted cell therapy. How does this work? Thanks!
Great question and maybe deserved more than a throwaway sentence in the video! :) The idea is to decorate them with various things that would cause them to be taken up by specific cell types by binding to receptors on those cells. Nature is of course way ahead of us on this, eg the classic current example would be how the spike protein on coronaviruses binds to the ACE-2 receptor which is only found on certain cell types, meaning they are only taken up by cells with that receptor. Obviously we’d be aiming to use these powers for good!!
@@DrAndrewSteele I was asking because the current version of lipid nanoparticles don't seem to target any specific tissue. Combined with accidental injection into a blood vessel, this could lead to inflammation (due to now vaccine "infected" cells) in the circulatory system or other tissues. ruclips.net/video/mbZ6E2rhdcw/видео.html presented a bolus hypothesis which seems plausible.
You deserve more subscribers
Can they get rid of the big bubbles of fat sitting on top of my abs, core strength wise I know they must be quite well developed, they're just hidden/internal.
Haha
Theres even a newstory on the BBC website about Humans living to 140 years and beyond. What about a video about celluar reprogramming ?? The CEO of Open AI has just pumped 180 USD into a BioTech company reversing human ageing approx 10 years, and their mission is for affordable therapeutics.
❤️ tiny fat for the win!
Can it clear the cancer virus hpv?
This is very cool. I'm very excited to see what mRNA, and these lipid nanoparticles can do for us in the future! (to say nothing of the great things they've done for us now!)
I am extremely excited about the use of this technology in the future. However, I am also worried about the anti-science movement that might hinder the progress that humanity is making.
Do we build up a resistance for lipid nanoparticles? After the 5th vaccine, would we be immune to this special type of lipid nanoparticle and would need to create a new kind our immune system does not already know? Similar to how viruses need to evolve?
Is the solution to this problem to exacly mark the shell with proteins and stuf like each individual body does with its own cells? Or would we need to somehow add the desired protein in the exceptions for how in the thymus the imune cells get created so they dont destroy body cells?
Dont know if someone knows the answers to my questions or if there even are answers jet, but thanks anyway!
The good news is that I don’t think lipids aren’t ‘complex’ enough for a response from the adaptive part of the immune system, which learns threats and can therefore cause resistance to appear-that normally works on proteins, which are more complex and virus- or species-specific, rather than fats or sugars or whatever which are generic and therefore not very helpful for making an ID! The immune response to the lipids is made by the ‘innate’ immune system which is more basic and doesn’t ‘learn’ as such, so there’s no way to build up resistance, even if some lipid combination does cause an immune response.
That said, your comment makes a lot of sense and it’s something scientists are looking into! Decorating the nanoparticles with our own proteins might be one way to reduce immune responses, or tailor them to be exactly how we want, and to direct the LNPs to where they’re needed in the body. Our bodies actually already do this with tiny fatty bubbles of their own called ‘exosomes’, so there’s plenty of room for exploration!
Do these fat nanoparticles cause inflammation though? I've seen a number of research papers come out about this but it's outside my area of expertise.
All immune reactions, necessarily cause inflammation. Acute inflammation is an essential part of response to insult/infection/injury.
@Cassie Oz is right, they do cause short-term inflammation, but this can be a good thing in a vaccine-and we should be able to make some that cause no inflammation at all for applications where this isn’t desirable, because our bodies already use very similar particles called exosomes to send RNA and other things around!
Hospitals, doctors offices and schools should be places where good nutrition is taught and provided not places that contribute to disease and obesity. It is crazy the hospitals are feeding people the very food that caused the heart disease, high blood pressure or cancer that they are treating. Every person in the hospital should receive some nutrition education before being released. Every doctor visit should be an opportunity to educate patients about how food choices impacts their health outcomes. The fact that doctors do not get nutrition training as part of their training makes no sense. Medicare and Medicaid should require nutrition education as part of patient care. Focus should be on food choices. Fasting should be investigated as a treatment for disease.
Thank you for a very interesting and informative video. Can you do a video about how the mRNA is made?
I’ll add it to the list! The way it’s modified to maximise how much protein is produced from it is also super-interesting. :)
@DrAndrewSteele thank you. Can't wait!
isn't a tiny bubble of fat just a reasonable description of a cell or proto-cell? Lipid membrane with different conditions inside than outside is sort of the one thing almost everything anyone calls life has in common.
Yes, I guess you could describe them that way!
Andrew sounds like an influencer who's hawking the latest diet or snake oil cure. Even if the content is good, I feel like I'm listening to Gwnyeth Paltrow pitch Goop
I guess the difference between me and Gwyneth is that I have a load of genuine scientific references in the description, and the content has been fact-checked by experts. Otherwise, carry on equating enthusiasm about genuinely exciting science with Goop!
@@DrAndrewSteele if we don't put zest into evidence based content then the con artists will keep winning and their misinfo will spread further than nuance and truth
Is it about chinese hamster ovarian cells
Yeah, sends the vax straight to the ovaries and testes. Seems like this has panned out to be a great idea (cough, cough).
Not in this case but I do love the bizarreness of the cells used in so many parts of biology, eg moth cells for making the protein the protein in the Novavax covid jab!
People need to take personal responsibility for their life and health.
The general over all health of people has declined the last few decades.
Even children today have signs of artery disease. Fast foods and sugary drinks have long term consequences.
There is an obesity epidemic today where over 60% of the population is overweight or obese.
What is common today and "NORMAL" is not healthy. The average person today is not healthy and is taking medications.
Heart attacks were once only common in people over 65. Today people in their 40 are having heart attacks.
Add more plants and vegetables to your diet and less junk and overly processed foods. Being thin is a sign of good health. Being over weight or obese is a sign of bad health. Poor diet, lack of exercise and obesity are contributing to high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes and cancer.
Oh dear, cholesterol heart hypothesis again. Go look it up; those of us over 50 live longer when we have higher LDL.
Barking mad . This needs to be taken down