TSP #5 - Op-Amps, PWM and Ignition Coils Tutorial (Part 3/3)

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  • Опубликовано: 4 янв 2025
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Комментарии • 110

  • @maynardr6
    @maynardr6 13 лет назад +1

    I appreciate you taking the time to refine your presentations. You're doing a great job. I'm just learning, but I may end up doing this as a career one day.

  • @Thesignalpath
    @Thesignalpath  13 лет назад +2

    @lebeyes Yes! Thank you. The schematic is correct which shows a PNP device.

  • @epatto
    @epatto 13 лет назад

    I vote for more theoretical explanation for the formulas and general science behind the practical side. Even if you don't understand everything right then and there, if you come back to the topic at a later time it's much easier to get started again. And possibly if you remember where you saw the explanation earlier, you can look it up.
    I enjoy your videos quite much, even though I am familiar with the topics, they are very well presented. Please keep them coming regularly. :-)

  • @20hkn23
    @20hkn23 10 лет назад +10

    perfect combination of theory and practise. it was very educational.

  • @stivep1
    @stivep1 13 лет назад

    by the voltage range 0-20 000V up to 1 Mhz no distortion to its extend of maximum of possibility
    I have on bench 10kHz to 1 MHz 0-10 000V AWG right now that I'm in process of assembly and testing
    I wish you the best.
    You may become a genius or you may waste your time working for some lab or some employer It is up to you young man....All you need is motivation....
    Wesley

  • @kibi15
    @kibi15 13 лет назад

    @TheSignalPathBlog
    I agree. When I did a bit of work with lightning protection, I remember as a general rule that air ionised at 3MV per metre.
    Thanks ever so much for your video's. They are very well put together, informative and enjoyable to watch. Even though I have a reasonable amount of experience with electronics, I still enjoy watching your video's. Please keep up the good work.

  • @elisacollosi
    @elisacollosi 12 лет назад

    excellant video, demonstrating practical work allows me to learn this quicker. Due to not seeing many real world examples and seeing it beyond theory. pace was excellant. thank you

  • @borincod
    @borincod Год назад

    very informative and nicely made video. More like that is needed on youtube.
    The next step would have been making a discharge speaker out of it

  • @tedvanmatje
    @tedvanmatje 8 лет назад

    +The Signal Path
    hello mate! this is my first 'forage' in the jungle called PWM. until yesterday, it was all theory. I reclaimed enough of components out of a n/s crt television to build this circuit - and tadaa, it bloody works!
    being stuck in the electronics of yeasteryear, means I never dabbled with opamps much, but I used the formulae you provided, and the PWM runs like clockwork (literally).
    ref. the h/v section...I contemplated using the flyback from the CRT, but didn't fancy looking like 'yahoo serious' of young einstein fame ;)
    I'd like to thankyou for this excellent channal, mate. the way you present your material and explain the 'hows and whys' is exceptional, to say the least!

  • @Thesignalpath
    @Thesignalpath  13 лет назад

    @Atlascol Are you referring at the input or the output of the transformer? Also, the TIP147 Darlington device that I am using, has a built in clamping diode in it. I did not show this on the schematic.

  • @thewii552
    @thewii552 13 лет назад

    @TheSignalPathBlog no, it is around 1kV per millimeter. I am pretty sure the breakdown voltage is around 300 volts, too.

  • @Thesignalpath
    @Thesignalpath  13 лет назад

    @Jiraya12345 Yeah, I think it is about 3kV per millimeter.

  • @notcranium
    @notcranium 11 лет назад

    Great little series on op-amps. I would like to learn more about the selection and theory behind the selection of the resistors and caps.

  • @mkerna
    @mkerna 13 лет назад

    Very good presentation flow and very good explanations. Great job, Shahriar!

  • @snaprollinpitts
    @snaprollinpitts 11 лет назад

    your narration was spot on! and explanation perfect!!! thumbs up!!!

  • @mixolydian2010
    @mixolydian2010 11 лет назад

    Brilliant thanks very much for the videos all round. Very accurate descriptions and i feel you deal with the equations ans theory at just the right level to switch between the big picture and the small. My main interests are in audio / guitar amps / analog - digital synths etc. I would love to see you analyze, describe/ build ocscillators amps synth modules and jfet substitutes for valve amps etc. Thanks again.

  • @jordanwaeles
    @jordanwaeles 13 лет назад

    Thank you so much for the stunning videos (bad pun intented). I was going to say that I felt a bit lost in the maths (I don't know my formulas and electronics are only a new hobby for me)... but as the other commenters said, i can still skip those parts or take them slower. Anyway, thanks for all the time you invest making us those neat videos!

  • @gamccoy
    @gamccoy 11 лет назад

    I love these videos. More math please. The theory is the best part.

  • @Chr0nalis
    @Chr0nalis 11 лет назад

    Awesome series !
    The combination of theory and practical was nicely balanced

  • @apollorobb
    @apollorobb 9 лет назад

    Also if you look at the schematic of an ignition coil the lo side of the secondary is common with the positive of the primary so your ground wire for the chopstick should be on positive

    • @allesklarklaus147
      @allesklarklaus147 6 лет назад

      apollo robb Spark plugs are grounded through the engine to the chassis so they use the negative terminal on that coil for the ground/return path. The ignition coil is an autotransformer (similar to a variac for example) and to do this is just fine.

  • @scknight
    @scknight 12 лет назад

    These videos were all wonderful! I wouldn't mind even a little more theory. The close up of the sparks at the end was great!

  • @ZeedijkMike
    @ZeedijkMike 11 лет назад

    Good videos. Would have liked to see you adjust the high voltage (spark length) by changing the PWM ratio.
    As far as I know, then the oil in the ignition transformer is also used because of its high isolation factor, like in some high voltage capacitors.

  • @goddamnox
    @goddamnox 13 лет назад +1

    Great videos, thank you. I would like to see some more theory to back up the practical circuits, as someone said you can go back and revisit if things dont click first time.
    It would be good to have that mix of practical demos and theory all in one place. There are very few youtube channels that manage to combine both these things effectively..... Keep up the good work : )

  • @setitthen
    @setitthen 11 лет назад

    You can go for Schmitt trigger, it will help you to derive square wave from sin wave with the same frequency

  • @ciprianwinerElectronicManiac
    @ciprianwinerElectronicManiac 12 лет назад +2

    I was using the mp3 player as a source signal for the 555 timer to make a singing arc :)

  • @power-max
    @power-max 11 лет назад

    Now the battery (+) will go to the relay solenoid coil, come out of the other end of the coil, and go to the (+) end of the ignition coil, and then from the (-) end of the coil to a switch, and ground, or the battery's (-) terminal.

  • @Psi105
    @Psi105 12 лет назад

    You can get more spark distance than that out of ignition transformers using 12V in series with a 300V mains filter cap and then the coil. Put a pushbutton across the.capacitor. When you break the button connection it starts to ring. Quite often the spark will leap right out of the top of the coil and around the edge to the ground terminal. The metal screw sitting in the top isn't necessary, it jumps right out and around. Some coils work better than others though.

  • @baconsledge
    @baconsledge 6 лет назад

    Thank you, Shahriar...another excellent video!

  • @rolfts5762
    @rolfts5762 8 лет назад

    Thank you for very beautiful presentation,..both theoretical and practical.

  • @diegogarciar007
    @diegogarciar007 11 лет назад

    Great videos... I really apreciate the effort you put in them...Go on. I have just found you, and inmediatly subscribed... Thank you very, very much....

  • @Doom2pro
    @Doom2pro 11 лет назад

    You should try a flyback transformer (From a CRT) and use a MOSFET as the switch, just remember to use a common emitter (source sink) to drive the MOSFET and pull the gate down with a 1-5k resistor so the gate doesn't float high with rapid drain voltage swings caused by miller capacitance.
    Also, you can use a 555 timer and an op-amp to get a variable frequency, variable duty cycle PWM, 555 timer creates sawtooth, op-amp compares with a threshold to control duty cycle.

  • @SuperLogitech1234567
    @SuperLogitech1234567 12 лет назад

    Very good. The pace is fine.

  • @sato4kaiba
    @sato4kaiba 11 лет назад

    15Kv to 30Kv. I used a MOSFET when I did my circuit for undergrad!

  • @fredrik.larsen
    @fredrik.larsen 12 лет назад

    Hi, great video, very fascinating. Could you please make some beginner videos? I mean, I know about capacitors, inductors, transistors, resistors, transformers, potentiometers etc, but just putting them in a circuit makes it hard to understand. Maybe break down the PWM circuit further. F.i how the first square wave is made exactly. I really like your way of explaining. Thanks

  • @pete3897
    @pete3897 4 года назад

    Shahriar, at 2:49 when you said you're going to use a current limiting resistor in series to protect the transformer, did you mean say to protect the transistor instead? I thought the whole idea was to dump current into the transformer...

  • @MrBrightlight66
    @MrBrightlight66 11 лет назад

    Excellent video with a logical sequence explaining the various parts of the circuit. I have built a similar one using an ignition coil using a 555 based circuit followed by resistor and a Darlington. I also used varistors across the ignition coil primary to limit voltages during switchoff to avoid damaging the rest of the circuit. Would the ignition coil have a resonant frequency at which it would generate the highest voltages for a given power supply thus acting sort of like a mini Tesla coil ?

  • @KirkOfBellevue
    @KirkOfBellevue 11 лет назад

    How about a video on chopper or zero drift op amps? I think your format is fine. If I want to go deeper I can always Google it. How about a head mounted camera?
    If i watch enough of these videos do i get a degree in EE?
    Thanks for the training. More please:)

  • @free_electron
    @free_electron 13 лет назад

    I would love for you to apply higher mathematical theory in relation to circuit design. Very few people have the theoretical knowledge to be able to further explain outside of simple terminology what is actually going on - current undergrad

  • @KeenanTims
    @KeenanTims 13 лет назад

    I don't think a complete explanation of the theory is necessary, but some component sizing guidelines or other practical pointers would be nice. I've found very little information on what values to use for some really simple opamp circuits like the integrator.

  • @tunicana
    @tunicana 12 лет назад

    thank you so much for your videos...
    you have a lot of knowledge of electrical engineering

  • @velipekkajutila9451
    @velipekkajutila9451 4 года назад

    few questions. 1. Is the HV terminal grounding to the secondary that is most likely connected to the ignition coil ferrite core and case or is it grounding to the power supply? 2. Lets say I am using a car battery or some kinda cap system that can take lets say 16V to power this setup. How is the battery or cap going to like it when I pass 30kV back into the negative terminal? 3. Do I have to ground the HV terminal back into the secondary coil itself or can I use an actual earth grounding rod for this?

  • @outlawstc
    @outlawstc 11 лет назад

    Whats the best way to construct the circuit to where it is immune to the noise being generated by the high discharge currents? is it shielding the circuit and introducing a ferrite bead inductor of sorts on the signal lines to the transistor as a filter?

  • @Chr0nalis
    @Chr0nalis 11 лет назад +2

    I think that the only piece of theory that lacked from this video was how Pwm comes into play with making this high voltage power supply . For example what effect does the width of the pulse have on the voltage or current etc..

    • @RAJKUMAR-gd9iu
      @RAJKUMAR-gd9iu 9 лет назад +2

      Shagas Heizenberg IT IS THE CHANGE IN THE CURRENTAS A RESULT OF PWM

  • @marshmallowpone
    @marshmallowpone 10 лет назад +3

    why does he use PNP as opposed to NPN?

  • @Shawn_White
    @Shawn_White 12 лет назад

    Could you modulate an audio wave on the ignition coil and make a plasma speaker.

  • @scottneels2628
    @scottneels2628 4 года назад

    Hi #SignalPath, Thank you for such great tutorials. Can you demonstrate an analog circuit which receives an input square wave and outputs the same square wave exactly only delayed in phase. I've tried simply using an rc but find it's too frequency dependent. My source square wave frequency varies. Is there a way to move the reference on and off voltages for the output along a triangle wave (converted from input square wave), so no matter the input frequency change, the delay is proportionate in terms of its degree of phase difference from the source?

  • @Diego4322237
    @Diego4322237 6 лет назад

    Gracias amigo... excelente vídeo.

  • @AxelWerner
    @AxelWerner 12 лет назад

    im missing something here. I understand that youll need a signal gen (square) for that transistor to switch the coil. And i understand that youll need the intetrator and the comparator to make a triangle wave and a PWM controllable wave. ... but what for do you need a PWM stage to drive the coil ?!? why not driving it from the first stage (square) at a specific freq?

  • @stivep1
    @stivep1 13 лет назад

    good job. Thank you. I'm in similar scientific field but directed to Overunity.
    Is it possible? I have seen it in my own eyes. I have hold in my own hands device that was delivering power for 30 minutes activated by one single 1 second impulse and than at no external power supply or any power supply at all , working by itself.
    Wesley

  • @AxelWerner
    @AxelWerner 12 лет назад

    No freerunning/freewheeling diode on the transformers primary ?? wont there be A LOT of flyback peaks ?

  • @stivep1
    @stivep1 13 лет назад

    It is not AWG generator but amplifier operated by AWG.10KHz-1MHz 1-10V
    I will give you some hints:
    SG interface parts::LM393(both comparators used),1N4198 (2 pieces)1N4198 (2),21n60(2), transformer with primary winding with center lead. 4 secondary winding ( the same-equal)
    H-bridge driver:starts after primary: 7N80(4), 1 special transformer 1:10 ratio,permeability 2000 (primary is spread equally) secondary is spread equally) 500V, 2A For you it should be 1 day of thinking.
    Wesley

  • @MrSoundshark
    @MrSoundshark 12 лет назад

    I was about to ask the same question because from what iv reading lately when the transformer is not being provided with voltage the magneting field colapeses and you ger a return voltage spike, so a diode its fitted to stop damage to circuit. I dont know if im correct but thats im asking im teaching my self :)

  • @dmxspider
    @dmxspider 13 лет назад

    Thank you for these awesome videos!

  • @felixgraphx
    @felixgraphx 11 лет назад

    Very good tutorials !!

  • @JamesGordon137
    @JamesGordon137 13 лет назад

    These videos are fantastic, thank you so much!
    And as I recall, it takes about 50,000V to create an inch long spark, so I suppose that would be about 20,000V per cm? I can't remember exactly, but I think that's about right.

  • @iNDREI_Ro
    @iNDREI_Ro Год назад

    The 4th op-amp?

  • @eldaine
    @eldaine 11 лет назад +1

    I'd really like to see it creating hho gas :)

  • @Atlascol
    @Atlascol 13 лет назад

    Great video!. But i've got a question, isn't necessary a diode for the transformer?

  • @sin6city6stories6
    @sin6city6stories6 11 лет назад +1

    Where does all the current necessary for the sparks come from?? Is it from your power supply unit?

    • @jeromekerngarcia
      @jeromekerngarcia 6 лет назад +1

      *+sin6city6stories6:* The voltage (very high) and current (very low) for the sparks comes from the build-up and collapse of the magnetic field created by the primary of the ignition coil. Really it's an ignition transformer with a low-voltage primary and a high voltage secondary. During the time that the PWM output is low, the PNP Darlington is turned ON very hard. Maximum current flows through the primary of the ignition coil, building up it's magnetic field to a very high value. When the PWM output goes HIGH, the Darlington turns 0FF and the magnetic field collapses. The rapidly changing magnetic field of the primary induces a *very* high voltage on the secondary, which shows up in the video as "sparks". The sparks - between the high-voltage terminal of the secondary and his grounded probe - are caused by the secondary voltage exceeding the breakdown voltage of dry air, which is 33kV per centimeter at sea level. Ionization of the air creates the blue-white glow
      which you see as a "spark".

    • @jeromekerngarcia
      @jeromekerngarcia 6 лет назад +1

      *+sin6city6stories:* Yes the current to build up the magnetic field of the primary comes from the power supply. The collapse of that magnetic field causes the high-voltage in the secondary. That high-voltage causes the spark, so long story short, YES the current necessary for the spark comes from the power supply, but I kind of went the long way around the barn to get to it in my other reply.

  • @fnpfar
    @fnpfar 11 лет назад

    Hi.. I have a question.. How can I get a sine (sinusoidal) wave from the square wave? Adding a low pass filter probably (for get only the first harmonic)..?? Or is there any other circuit with op amps for this propose?

  • @rogerbrowne2190
    @rogerbrowne2190 10 лет назад

    How can I make or buy a PWN like your?
    please reply Roger.

  • @snipersquad100
    @snipersquad100 11 лет назад

    what will happen if you stick you touch the spark with your tongue?

  • @Kalkaekie
    @Kalkaekie 11 лет назад

    Very good video !!

  • @ChirawatNg
    @ChirawatNg 12 лет назад

    Wow!
    You are an expert... Thank you

  • @AxelWerner
    @AxelWerner 12 лет назад

    what does a MP3 player have to do with a 555 timer ?!

  • @saadabouzahir8696
    @saadabouzahir8696 10 лет назад

    Really really brillant and usefull.... can you talk about power converters and thanks

  • @manriquesanchez
    @manriquesanchez 12 лет назад

    how many amps you can achieve with this device at 20 k volts

  • @lebeyes
    @lebeyes 13 лет назад

    @4:44 The TIP147 is PNP, not NPN.

  • @surajyergude
    @surajyergude 7 лет назад

    I found that the op amp video was quite fast.i request u to have video which will have correlation with theory into practical.The Whole purpose of this has to be have good knowledge.

  • @vypersixone2006
    @vypersixone2006 7 лет назад

    I thought that automotive ignitio coils only needed 12 volts while the engine was being cranked over until started then the primary was dropped down to 6 volts as long as the engine was running. I understand that they were marked 12 volts but actually were supplied 6 volts because of the voltage drop that occurred during cranking therefore the primary supplied 12 volts to ensure that the secondary voltage needed higher voltage..wouldn't a steady 12 volt supply voltage to the primaries result in premature secondary winding failures of the coil?

    • @jonka1
      @jonka1 7 лет назад

      Basically yes. That's why it states 'resistance required'. When running the coil is in series with a resistor. When cranking the resistor is bypassed to give a full spark from the reduced battery voltage.

  • @power-max
    @power-max 11 лет назад

    It is more like 1000V per millimeter, I am able to achieve 1mm long sparkes with a Xformer from a old wall adapter.

  • @wussup331
    @wussup331 11 лет назад +1

    think the breakdown voltage of air is around 30kV/cm

    • @InssiAjaton
      @InssiAjaton 5 лет назад

      Right, with a few small conditions. First, that is with large spherical electrodes. It also is at “normal” air pressure, temperature and humidity. And moreover, it applies to 50 or 60 Hz AC.
      Having sharper electrodes will reduce the break down voltage, maybe to 10 kV. Then, if we have a relatively fast pulse front traveling along a constant impedance transmission line, we get something else again. When the step front arrives to the open end of the transmission line, there is a reflection that doubles the voltage. That doubling is likely to strike a discharge where a 50 Hz sine wave would not. Finally, when you have repeat sparks, you generate some lingering ionization and the next spark jumps easier. Similar effect may come from ionization by nearby radioactive source. That last one is used intentionally in some smoke detectors and for example 470 V Gas Discharge Tubes for transient clamping.

  • @mbabaeevideos
    @mbabaeevideos 12 лет назад

    Thanks very much for the video. It was really interesting.

  • @CharlesGude
    @CharlesGude 10 лет назад

    Nice experiment, job well done. Works just like Tesla coil?

  • @ciprianwinerElectronicManiac
    @ciprianwinerElectronicManiac 12 лет назад

    I tried to do that once with a 555 and a spike killed my mp3 player. Your better of with a flyback transformer because it works with higher frequencies and it's easy to clamp the back EMF.

  • @ciprianwinerElectronicManiac
    @ciprianwinerElectronicManiac 12 лет назад

    Thanks for the advice. Never thought of that :)

  • @sheldonholy
    @sheldonholy 10 лет назад

    Great video. Thanks.

  • @Khwartz
    @Khwartz 13 лет назад

    You're just perfect teacher! :) :-bd

  • @maguyver1969
    @maguyver1969 13 лет назад

    If it is a standard coil like the one in your video and with the gap at .45 the voltage is gona be 15-30,000

  • @MrMac5150
    @MrMac5150 13 лет назад

    GOOD VIDEO

  • @MrYamashici
    @MrYamashici 11 лет назад

    Great, Thank U

  • @georgelewisray
    @georgelewisray 7 лет назад

    you R really good!

  • @zvercheto17
    @zvercheto17 11 лет назад

    You can use a 555 timer!

  • @TheMetalMusicMachine
    @TheMetalMusicMachine 11 лет назад

    I think PWM would control the power transmitted through the coils

  • @avejst
    @avejst 6 лет назад

    Thanks for sharing :-)

  • @derekvolt
    @derekvolt 10 лет назад

    Someone correct me if I am wrong. Tesla created the Ignition coil for cars!

    • @davidlisney2059
      @davidlisney2059 9 лет назад +1

      Traditional contact breaker and coil ignition is called "kettering" system, it does use a very Tesla like principle.

    • @derekvolt
      @derekvolt 9 лет назад +2

      David Lisney It is true ... "Another one of Tesla's inventions familiar to anyone who has ever owned an automobile, was patented in 1898 under the name "Electrical Igniter For Gas Engines." More commonly known as the automobile ignition system, its primary component, the ignition coil, remains practically unchanged since its introduction into use at the turn of the century"

  • @mbabaeevideos
    @mbabaeevideos 12 лет назад

    You'd better used opto-isolation in that case.

  • @DavidSmith-dm8ew
    @DavidSmith-dm8ew 11 лет назад

    When I was 12 years old I took a 330V 400 micro farad cap charged from a camara flash and stuck it on a car coil, A spark about 5-7 inches leaped out and hit me in the end of one of my fingers burning a small hole and throwing me off my bed about 4 feet...I hurt for almost a week all down my arm and chest...it was the last time I ever messed with a car coil... Lesson learned. I was never able to find out how much of a hit I took off it. Can anyone figure it out?

    • @retromodernart4426
      @retromodernart4426 7 лет назад

      David Smith If you still want to know, the capacitor (if it was fully charged) discharged around 21 Joules and .132 Coulombs, which is like 165 Volts at 132 milliamps in one second - this could kill someone - without an ignition coil...

  • @stivep1
    @stivep1 13 лет назад +1

    30 000V per centimeter
    You did not show waveform at the output, at the spark gap and spectral components on spectrum analyzer, The video series is extremely educational . You suppose to be a teacher.
    That is the best job for you. Another suggestion for project: HOW WOULD YOU BUILD AWG
    FOR 2000-2000V? 0-1MHz Basics are good but your brain power needs excessive motivation to the area that is going to sparkle your true potential.
    Wesley
    PS: Science is my state of conciseness and my devotion.

  • @RakeshKumar-dg5of
    @RakeshKumar-dg5of 6 лет назад

    nice

  • @DavidMG99
    @DavidMG99 2 года назад

    👍

  • @wizardmerlin335
    @wizardmerlin335 10 лет назад

    I was taught that the breakdown voltage of open air is 20KV/in.
    PS: assume vid thx.

  • @FalkBay
    @FalkBay 11 лет назад +1

    I think yes its 10KV/cm or 1KV/mm

    • @davidlisney2059
      @davidlisney2059 9 лет назад

      I think that you're right for dry air at sea level.

  • @EmbSysDev
    @EmbSysDev 9 лет назад

    Maybe you could get one of these cheap HV ignition pickups
    www.ec21.com/product-details/Texas-TX25A--3476282.htmland and see the relation between the PWM waveform and the HV, both in terms of phase and amplitude.
    Also if you could share some ideas on generating really small duty cycles < 0.5%.
    Thanks for your videos !!