Supreme Court hears cases challenging affirmative action in college admissions | full audio
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- Опубликовано: 30 окт 2022
- The Supreme Court heard arguments in Students for Fair Admissions v. University of North Carolina and Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard - two cases challenging the legality of universities considering race as a factor in their admissions programs.
#news #supremecourt #livenews
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"Racism is good for racist social engineering" is the entire argument
😂😂😂
That's the counter argument
If they are a publicly funded college, they can't discriminate against anyone no matter their race.
Apparently nobody informed them the last several decades while they openly discriminated against whites and asians.
@@nigeltheoutlaw Well, the US didn't have a functioning Supreme Court, we had a court ruled by RBG and her agenda. Now the US has a Supreme Court that is ruled by the Constitution so hopefully the left's racism and bigotry will be addressed.
One would think, but they very much do
Yet the last institutionally racist law, affirmative action, is still in use
Harvard Professors, “statistical Disparity is an indicator of discrimination, except when it comes to admissions”
Exactly
I want my doctor to be a high-performing student, not someone who got in because they check the right boxes.
Sotomayor’s arguments are always political and never grounded in the constitution. Why is she even on the court?
I love it when an ad plays in the opening argument 🙄
I am a minority West Point graduate (class of 94) and I find the government's argued position on behalf of service academies race conscious admission insulting.
Her argument did several things
A) It implied that my acceptance was based on my race.
B) She stated that minority acceptance is used as a pacifier for minority enlisted personnel
C) It was implied that any positive affect I had on my troops was due, at least in part, not to my leadership but to my race .
D) Finally, it makes me question my graduation's validity based on their way of thinking. Do they see more value in giving minority cadets a pass rather than holding them to standards...especially Native American cadets who are a small, small minority.
All good points!
Not many minorities use AA, do some research and you will see who does.
@@ows8426 I know some do but why so so many universities insist they need it? I find it insulting and the height of racism. Are we less than, are we not capable of succeeding on our own? Of course we are every bit as talented, driven and capable as anyone else.
To claim otherwise is racist and to deny us the ability to succeed or fail on our own merits is handicapping in a way that any devout 19th century racist would be proud of
Your post reminded me of Thomas Sowell. That's a compliment BTW 😀
U.S is great because of people like you, not the government or politicians.
3:12:30 - Sotomayor not understanding what de jure means
And she doubles down! that wasn't an oversight. She really doesn't know!
Hahaha. She beclowned herself repeatedly throughout this entire video. Very embarrassing
most of these comments make me feel like y’all didn’t understand a single word that was said
Enlighten us then
@@gopher7691 unnecessary.
Learn philosophy
@@joshuablackmon2421 learn how to communicate. Your first step would be to learn not to be smug
Hearing sotomayor's voice makes me 🤢🤮
The irony is that these academic institutions often entertained nepotism--favouring children of friends of university officials over other more qualified applicants for admission....this didn't provoke the same reaction.
Right, only after this decision ppl started talking about. And they still wouldn't have if the court rued the other way. So those ppl going after legacy admissions, are also pieces of shhh....... Go cry. If a parent can get their kid into a good school, then so be it.
Excuse me but, where is the universities responsibility in this equation? They are over charging for education. They are the nexus in this problem. To be an educated citizen should not become a financial death sentence.
On the same token public education is bad
Alito is the top performer today.
What about Gorsuch e.g. 2:27:40
Guess we're about to see Affirmative Action go up in 🔥.
Bout time.
I wouldn't be surprised if the more moderate conservatives basically put a hard end date of something like 5 years so that they can write the ruling to say they aren't overturning affirmative action, just ensuring that it ends like the earlier rulings have always said that it should. That will also let colleges have a couple years to play around with finding a race neutral alternative that they feel is best and signal the last few years of this officially.
This is the best news ever! No more sub standard affirmative action physicians!😎
Is this only about races? Or will it eliminate substandard women in stem fields and decision-making positions, too?
@@enisten hopefully both.
poc and female physicians are actually rated the best bc they have less racial bias. most doctors think that black people “feel less pain” and aren’t treated for their health issues. this also inversely created an opioid epidemic for sure people because of their favoritism. soon the majority will be hispanic/latino in the us population, and they receive SIGNIFICANTLY inadequate treatments due to lack of experience and ability to communicate on behalf of doctors. having diversity is important, not because of morality, but because they will have less racial bias and treat all of their patients fairly and thus more adequately. it benefits students in the classroom as well as the workforce.
@@niloticnya if they are qualified that's fine... many are not. Denial of treatment based on racial bias seems to only be a recent problem that started in Democrat run cities during COVID and is typically limited to these areas.
@@enisten No, it will not. There are many many smart women who are capable of studying hard enough to make it in STEM. They don't need special treatment to get a boost, and it's misogynistic to suggest otherwise.
2:27:40 ‘Were we wrong in Bostock?’ Yung G Gorsuch tearing it up
Using race as a means to an end will only get you to an end nobody wants.
If you have a tiebreaker in your pocket, by definition you are ahead.
Invest in an Asian Fusion restaurant near Harvard.
🤣 you understand
If and when I am on the operation table having a by-pass surgery or brain surgery, I don't care of what race of the surgeon is, as long as the surgeon has the expertise to operate on me, so that I have a successful surgery and live. If the surgeon is being admitted into the medical school or fellowship with the help of Affirmative Action (lowering the standards), because of his/her particular race, otherwise he/she wouldn't be admitted into the medical school or fellowship program. Isn't it an insult to that candidate and to the name of "diversity" especially in higher education. More importantly, with Affirmative Action, inadvertently putting American people at great risks. In my opinion, Admission to colleges and medical schools or fellowship programs, or higher education need to be based on merits and merits only. Just think about it for a minute.
You're assuming the schools are only admitting based on race and thus every other prerequisite is not maintained in the decision-making, causing a lower standard of students. Where is this argument coming from?
1:01:00 - 1:03:01 Thomas spitting fire. "I dont hold much to that argument because I've heard similar arguments for segregation" (To the pro-affirmative action lawyer)
It amazes me that some justices are okay with institutional racial discrimination that this country has fought so hard to eliminate and screams about… truly disgusting
It’s not that they are for discrimination full stop, the argument is that by removing the current system would result in more intense discrimination. It’s not like that argument doesn’t have merit IF you accept the systemic discrimination argument which is a valid interpretation of things; granted I don’t buy it but it’s a legit argument
@@camelloy so, by your logic... racism and discrimination are perfectly acceptable... so long as they align with your ideology?
**THAT'S A BIT BOTHERSOME, BUT IT SAYS MORE ABOUT YOUR LEVEL OF HATE AND INTOLERANCE**
@@johhanwindsalor9478 I refer you to the “I don’t buy that” section
@@avae5343 and so are self done in nose coat hanger lobotomies, your point
@@avae5343 when I say legitimate argument I mean “is a rational position” I don’t agree with it.
I agree
For Conservatives who feel Affirmative Action is bad, then let's end the process of legacy admissions to all colleges! I once saw a study that about 80% of legacy admissions to the top Ivy League Universities in America are given to Caucasian students who have parents that either went to the University and/or donated (a.k.a. bribed) the University to let their kids in. If Universities in America only let students in based on merit and test scores, we'd see a lot more People Of Color get admitted into colleges. Oh, and while we're at it, let's make public college debt free for all so everyone in America regardless of their social class or background can get a higher education if they want 1 but can't afford it!
I agreed. Let's end race based admissions AND legacy admissions as well aka Affirmative Action.
We can do two things at once, right?
@@mistervo8185 AA actually benefit women more than anyone, and especially white women, do the research.
@@ows8426 conclusion still remains, let's end race based, gender based, legacy based admissions. End Affirmative Action.
Your terms are acceptable, merit based admissions only. Racial discrimination negatively affects everyone one. Affirmative action applicants disproportionately fall to academic probation list, and become dropouts.
If you really are are equal, you don't need special treatment to compete
Wonder if he will explain, what a “really qualified “ applicant is. Just going to guess that the others that have been accepted are not 🤷♀️🤷♂️
This is ridiculous. Sotomayor isn't getting the idea of a zero-sum game.
Yeah agreed, and Kagan is much better than the other two liberal ladies when it comes to impartiality.
Can't figure out if Sotomayor is a judge or counsel for Harvard.
Sotomayor doesn't get much
What you fail to realize is that it has never been a zero sum game for Black Americans. Please see slavery and Jim Crow. Now when policies are put in place to help undo some of the greatest sins rendered by your race you want to turn it and say Black people are racist and now there needs to be a zero sum game. If you understand, pray tell, that the effects of slavery are still prevalent which is why we need these policies to ensure it is a zero sum game.
Affirmative action is the last institutionally racist law we have on the books. It would be nice to not be treated different in hiring because of my skin color, true equal treatment!
Supreme court. Do these rulings come with tomatoes and sour cream?
Well done. That took me a few seconds 😂
1:20:49 That's it, that's the case
i observed sotomayor or sometime kagan attack Justice Alito with his hypotheticals or views, but not as much as Justice Alito against them- if the latter justice makes points, they would speak next and their message attack the Honorable Justice Alito’s point, its obvious that they baby their advocates which is done by senators to their witnesses or nominees in congress like durbin. Seems like a trend
3:47:35
sotomayor also wants to use terms i dont understand- which means i dont like what you are saying, this translates to judicial activism, for a judge to obviously protects her ideology against an advocate should be an advocate, not a judge. Initially, i hate Justice Barret for questioning conservative advocates on the texts, understanding or interpreting text but it would take deeper understanding that she would do this because she is an arbiter trying to see flaws and be fair, tries to understand both sides and avoid making wrong judgment.
Sotomayor, particularly, makes a lot of wide ranging statements with regards to lack of affirmative action in some states being the result of inequalities. Well, inequalities have many factors and even assuming that higher education or affirmative action can tackle "inequalities" is foolish and has no evidence to back it up. What usually happens is that affirmative action admits a student who is not ready for college, but gained access through racial points. Typically, such a student will get loaded with college debt, flunk out and be in a worse position because of affirmative action admission that have nothing to do with their academic abilities. See Harvard drop out rates for "diversity" admissions.
first generation college students have a difficult time because they don’t have as many resources to help them navigate them. poc who attend these universities are intelligent and knowledgeable enough to get in and have perspectives and challenges that are different. poc except for asians only make up like 10% total at these schools. it starts from childhood, where students are tested for giftedness. but racial bias limits them as they get more suspensions for the same actions as other groups. they don’t get assistance throughout their educational careers to allow them to be recognized for their excellence. however, there still needs to be changes in the american education system as a whole. race shouldn’t matter, but it does and we have no choice
And your English grammar might be the reason you didn't get admitted. Nothing to do with Affirmative action.
@@marybuford9591 who is a Physics Major?
@@IsisAdgerWasHere21stC. There are ENDLESS opportunities through government grants, scholarships, loans, and also, funding from private companies, all reserved specifically for minorities. How exactly is that racist against minorities? 😂
@@IsisAdgerWasHere21stC. That last sentence comes off as extremely narrowminded. First off, affirmative action doesn't even address any of that. It sets many students up for failure as OP said. Secondly, for you not to even entertain alternative arguments if anything shows the lack of intellectual honesty regarding the issue.
Ngl, Justice Jackson should less talk and ask more. She wants to make a point, but that's not her job at this moment....
She’s doing her job you’re just not use to having someone care enough to be knowledgeable on all sides!
@@citizencoy4393 she couldn’t give a definition of what a woman is. She advocates for child groomers/molesters. I watched her congressional hearings. She should not have been voted in. Justices are only suppose to be to or for based on the constitution no more no less. Is the law constitutional? Yes or no ?
The number of ads on this video is absurd - dislike.
If you really are equal, you don't need special treatment to compete...
equality shouldn’t be the goal
@@niloticnya Why?
tell that to the kid raised on food stamps
@@paulkrasner been there... did that!!
Instead of chasing a high-school letter, a flashy car, biathces, and clothes that wouldn't last... I stayed late, asked for help, went to study groups, and missed so many inconsequential parties... that I now have an amazingly successful family, three degrees, a six figure job, and a pantry full of food)
**SO... WHAT WAS THE POINT OF YOUR COMMENT?**
@@johhanwindsalor9478 I love a good smack down . Well done
2:56:51 is where the Harvard side starts.
Justice Brown unimpressive.
She's the affirmative action hire
She’s much better than her buddy Sotamayor.
Looks like nancy is mad 🤡
Make it simple?
There is one race! The human race! Whenever I've received a questionnaire I've responded with "human race." Not color..
Neither Sotomayor nor Kagan care at all about the constitution or the 1964 civil rights act. Aren’t they supposed to? I thought they were supposed to be ruling based on the constitution and the law, not their preferred racial diversity policies
Like Destiny's Child song is entitled, "I'M A SURVIVOR!" I was born during a time when it was ILLEGAL for me to walk on certain sides of the street; enter buildings from the front door; could not go to school with Whites; could not drink from the same water fountains as Whites; could not VOTE; could not go to most state universities; etc. In other words, I have a DOCTORATE, A MASTER of SCIENCE and a BACHELOR of FINE ARTS from this same nation. So much as happened during my little life time. I will NEVER be afraid of speaking up for what's right or wrong. It was a nation of BLACKS, WHITES, and NATIVE AMERICANS who helped my people earn their freedoms. I stand with those kind of people everyday of the year, 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. REAL Americans will always stand UP and speak UP for EQUALITY, DIVERSITY, and FREEDOM! 💃🏽💃🏽👍🏽👍🏽💟💟
What’s really interesting is that UNC Chapel Hill has a SEGREGATED CEMETERY in the middle of the campus! It’s a constant reminder of the importance of taking measures to protect African American students ability to learn alongside their White brethren and to not be actively shunned as things were less than even once century ago. Should we forget to mention the Native Americans? There is a sizable population of Natives at UNC and it would be beyond a crying shame to stamp out their presence. Breaking racial ubiquity enriches the educational environment by far. Only the selfish would deny it!
60% of resources allotted for afro Americans goes to non afro Americans. Drop the race and set aside something specific for FBA and native Americans everyone else can have a free for all.
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION = SYSTEMIC RACISM
**PROVE ME WRONG... I'LL WAIT**
Judge speaking on 31:50 is completely off base and its incredible that she is effectively defending deliberate discrimination. No, it should not matter what color you are. Do you meet the qualifications of merit and ability, that is all this is. And to be blind that this is not blatant discrimination against majority races, is ridiculous.
Bakke was 40+ yrs ago, Grutter 20+ years. Maybe instead of focusing on preferential treatment based on race for college or med school admission we should spend more time and money on figuring out a solution to the racial disparity of qualified applicants.
Have you ever attended an innercity school?
**I went from a rural school, to an innercity school... and it was an absolute culture shock**
(One school was a bastion of learning, acceptance, and diversity... the other was a fckn Gladiator School, where popularity trumped scholastic accomplishments, and the cliques were divided by race... not Extracurricular Activities; care to guess which was which?)
@@johhanwindsalor9478 No I haven't. But the students at the schools I attended, from grammar school to high school, were very much like the "Gladiator School" you mentioned. Popularity definitely trumped scholastic achievement and cliques were primarily divided along socioeconomic lines. Those are exactly the types of problems I'm talking about. We need to address them earlier so everyone has the same opportunity when it comes to college admission.
Well, we have figured out a good chunk of it, and the answer is decoupling school funding from local tax bases.
First, we should consider the thousands of EEOC cases blocked by local states with the assistance of local law firms and possibly the attorney general's office. Then we should look at the "other Affirmative Action. The "Good Old Boy" systems allowed government-founded agencies to use Minority tax dollars to. We must also look at those outside countries that attack us with Cyber Crimes, Super Bills, and Counterfit products that infringe on American copyright law and business revenues. The choices and the way are clear.
Listening to the argument made for AA, one sees the Constitution gets in the way.
Give a low personal rating as a way to triage applicants.... but it has no bearing on admissions.....wtf is the point of the triage/selection.......this is Harvard.
A huge reminder. SCOTUS is not supposed to rule based on their personal beliefs or religious views. They are supposed to rule with impartiality.
So are Federal Prosecutors. Tell Sonny Hostin.
@@himebaughchris4026 She isn’t on the Supreme Court.
Where in the constitution does it say we should give preferential treatment based on race? If indeed all men are created equal then no problem right?
@@haywoodjablowme2192 Um. The original constitution does not say that. It only gives rights to white, male, property owners. This attorney, Patrick Strawbridge, is a member of the Federalist Society. Do you know what that is? It’s an organization for conservative attorneys and businessmen who advocate for the original constitution. The original constitution does not give equal rights to everyone and you know that. Everyone else has had to fight for equal treatment and now white men want to go back to their original dream.
The impartial ruling here is to strike down affirmative action. The 14th pretty explicitly outlaws unequal protection under the law, and a long line of court precedents (and just plain logic) says that if the government provides a benefit it can not give that benefit out based on race. Title VI is even clearer.
5:03 This man is really suggesting that admissions teams be color-blind when nobody else in the world is.
Speak for yourself.
@@O_Rei I don’t have to speak for myself. I can speak for every institution in the good ol’ USA
@@onaarchie6837 Maybe they are just judging people for the content of their character after all…
There is no such thing as race blind.
There is no such thing as race. The only way to objectively classify people by race is to identify a gene or a set of genes unique to a population. That’s scientific logic.
No Asian ever called me Goyim.
Laowai
@@halohaalo2583 Sore Loser. 😂 Call me a "Foreigner", huh? Back to your Hentai Sex Life, You Racial Appropriator.
I find it interesting that Ms Brown-Jackson was so vocal in challenging the case being brought before the
Supreme Court.
She is an affirmative action supreme Court appointee! She knows it and the rest of the country knows it!
Personally, I thought she should show respect for the court and respectfully recuse herself in this particular case
She did for the Harvard case because that’s her Alma madder didn’t for nc tho. But you are right she knows it and so does everyone else and it’s truly a shame
You are literally just lying! Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson is a brilliant woman who had stellar qualifications - more than probably 75% of the other justices. Judge Amy Coney Barrett was one of the least qualified justices. Go back and read about their qualifications. Your comments are bigoted and make NO sense. Smh.
@@sistahb5159 sorry letting child pedophiles off easy and then letting them re offend because they were black is absolutely disgusting and should never have happened. She was also picked not because of her character but because of her skin color and gender as expressly stated by Biden. Any and all of her qualifications, were ruined because of affirmative action.
@@theghost4282 KBJ's opinions on specific pedophile cases are abhorrent BUT so are Amy Coney Barrett's opinion on Black people being subjected to being called the N-word on the job not constituting a hostile work environment, which allows for them to be abused, terrorized, and discriminated against at their workplace. But of course, that doesn't matter to you. You also didn't mention that the majority of White students at Harvard (President George Bush & others) and other prestigious universities are "Legacy Admissions," "Donation Admissions" etc... and they would not have been admitted otherwise. Of course you don't mention these "Affirmative Action" admits because they benefit people that you don't have a problem benefitting. The legacy of slavery and 350+ years of legal discrimination and exclusion of American Descendants of Slavery was NEVER addressed or repaired on any level, and continues. Instead, it was, in fact given to everybody else, especially White women. White people have been the largest beneficiaries of Affirmation Action, and continue to be. But of, course that doesn't bother you and it never will. You are rotten to the core. God sees all and will judge this great evil and he will NOT accept the hypocrisy and lies.
@@theghost4282 isn’t 4 of the current justices on the court from Harvard? 4 from Yale and Barrett from Notre Dame
The real overarching question is not when will affirmative action will end? The overarching question is at one point will affirmative action will no longer be necessary?
Answer? When race no longer plays a disadvantageous role in American life with respect to:
Hiring practice and securing a job
Access to home loans and wealth building
Access to quality schools in teachers in predominantly black communities.
Access to healthy food in food desert areas which disproportionately exist in black communities.
Documented race related effects on policing, over policing, indictments, sentencing, etc., resulting in blacks which commit approximately 13% of crime constituting almost half of people incarcerated.
So in short, so long a race disadvantages certain folks from getting a job, access to quality education, building wealth, quality healthcare, police abuse, infant and birth mother mortality, etc. etc. and our political institutions are unable or unwilling to remediate these racial disparities, then law and courts are among the last best hope to protect programs that seek to take affirmative steps to remediate these disparities.
But this does beg the question: is affirmative action the correct mechanism for attempting to correct these issues? The current evidence seems to point to that not being the case, which means it's either not working properly, or that it's an ineffective tool, at which point it should be discarded.
I know Jackson is new but her questions are unbearable
If there are colleges that can achieve diversity without race as a factor then it can be done in all colleges
They’ll just achieve diversity through income. And income is related to race in the USA. Black and Hispanics still earn the least, meaning it’ll still be affirmative action in a way because they’ll get a boost in admission chances because of income 😂 this will only help poor Asian Americans not the rich ones. Give it up
K. -Brown-Jackson isn't qualified for this job.
Do you have any evidence that Clarence Thomas is alive?
Most educated on the bench! lol 🤦🏾♀️
@@citizencoy4393he can not define a woman. Enough said. If she is afraid to state facts she is unqualified.
1:17:35 “do do”. Yep that phrase is an exemplary measure of the literacy on the defense team, as well as a complementary alliteration that describes the quality of their argument. Note that “exemplary” and “complementary” serve as bifocals for lovers of this language.
Justice Jackson seems to struggle with really quite basic concepts
She’s unqualified to be a judge, remember she can’t even define a woman, so how can she even do anything else logically. She is far left and will sink into pressure from her higher ups, she’s a mother and doesn’t know what a woman is?’ This world has gone mad. We need Jesus back now!
That's the problem with unqualified diversity hires that only get where they are because of affirmative action. She's comically unqualified for her position and absolutely everyone knows it.
This racist court?
I understand that the schools want race diversity among the students and that it will create a better school and humanity experience overall but that is assuming a lot- just because you have diversity doesn’t mean that you’ll get the different races to understand each other more, people can be racist no matter where they are and how much diversity is at the school, work, church etc. it would be important that they have classes that perhaps needs to be required a cultural diversity class and workshops or seminars talking about positives of understanding other races and cultures being more proactive as a school to foster this kind of environment with learning, not just getting diverse students and expecting the students will get along culturally so well, that’s assuming way too much! My experience at the University of California school in the late 90s was that it was somewhat diverse but it was very cliquish with ethnicities hanging out with their own people and not a lot of mixing of ethnicities. The Indians hung out together, the Asians, the blacks, etc So I actually didn’t experience a whole lot of cultural diversity unless I intentionally chose to participate in some activity where I would have to actually engage.
The point is to be diverse in the classroom.
@dmlan And you can be diverse with having a bunch of Asians as your incoming class. Most people think Asians are just Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Indian people
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"1.2% ..difference with admissions". We need ask Mr. Thomas if he is apart of this 1.2% group and benefitted.
Low hanging fruit.
He wasn't. He was top of his class at every school we went to since highschool. The only barriers he had issues with were ones based on his race....
How can u call anyone low hanging fruit when the only reason I have any fruit is Bc u were willing to slaughter and grape where others didn’t!
He is very open about the fact that he was, and how that devalued his degree. He has a whole chapter in his memoir about this.
The point is often missed in satire.. benefits are benefits. Accepting something you despise.. only to benefit from it.. where is Don King??!! Is it Tomatoes..Tomato or right is write?
Justice Brown should rescue from the case.
And why would she do that
She did recuse herself from the Harvard case
I am so confused… I thought the Justice System’s role is to uphold the law not impose their personal morals or what they believe is good or bad. This is eye opening!
The solution to all of this is for colleges and universities to simply increase their class sizes in terms of the number of students admitted.
If every qualified white applicant is admitted within the rules of affirmative action and race quotas, the only consequence here would be larger class sizes.
This means that affirmative action and race quotas can be met by individual colleges and universities, but not at the expense of a qualified white applicant who is not admitted.
This simple solution does not require any court intervention, one way or the other.
Increasing class size is a decision that each college or university can make on their own unilaterally.
What if there are 500 qualified white applicants who are more qualified than blacks, and there are only 20 seats? You would have to increase class size by 25x.
While racial diversity is important, it is unfortunate that universities only seek racial diversity and completely ignore viewpoint diversity. The most under-represented groups in the professoriate are ..yes, hispanics and blacks, but also folks who identify as politically conservative or moderate. But, I never hear about any interest in having a politically diverse faculty, which would expose students to a wide range of viewpoints on important social issues. That lack of viewpoint diversity suggests to me that universities are more interested in indoctrinating students rather than educating them.
If a society collectively decides to punish overachievers, guess what will happen, there would be no overachievers.
Its so intersting - we go forward then we go backwards - now we are heading backwards again. Oh well - someday we will go forward again -- such a collosal waste of time and money
What is going forward? Do you believe racism is "going forward"? Don't you want equality?
Ending affirmative action is the way forward. Affirmative action is backwards and racist.