Bioimaging is the Future for Depression Treatment and Diagnosis
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- Опубликовано: 10 сен 2024
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Hi it's Jen and welcome to my channel. It is my mission to share neuroscience as a tool for empowerment. When I was a senior in high school I lost my dad to suicide and ever since then I have been devoted to understanding depression we well happiness through the lens of neuroscience. In this video, I want to share with you a study that shows how Brain Imaging can help predict whether a certain type of treatment will be effective based on looking at the imaging alone.
This topic is very important to me because the thing I find most frustrating about the psychiatric world is the guess and check system that is rampant. In most cases, psychiatrists will diagnose the patient and then try out different medication on the patient until one works. The problem is, most medications have side effects, some even being suicide or worsening depression. Some people never even find a medication that works right for them. It always bothered me that psychiatrists essentially give out these medications blindly, just based on symptoms that the patient reports. I’ve always wondered why psychiatrists weren’t using neuroscience to choose what medications to prescribe has depression is an illness in the brain.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-Fifth Edition DSM-5, a diagnosis of Major Depressive MDD requires a persistent disturbance of mood sadness, and/or in children, irritability or a loss of interest or pleasure in virtually all activities, in addition to at least four of the following symptoms: sleep disturbance, guilt, loss of energy, impaired concentration, change in appetite, psychomotor agitation or retardation, and suicidal ideation.
The thing is, many different anomalies in the brain can lead to these symptoms, thus it seems foolish to prescribe everyone with these symptoms with the same guess and check method.
Depression is caused by dysfunctional connectivity in the limbic an frontostriatal networks, so through bioimaging, this study found 4 distinct patterns of functional connectivity in the limbic an frontostriatal networks
(Include pictures)
Limbic= Emotions, memories, and arousal.
Frontostriatal circuits are neural pathways that connect frontal lobe regions with the basal ganglia (striatum) that mediate motor, cognitive, and behavioural functions within the brain.
transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain to improve symptoms of depression. TMS is typically used when other depression treatments haven't been effective.
How did the create these 4 groups?
They chose to use a method called hierarchical clustering-a standard approach that has been used extensively in the biological sciences-to discover clusters of patients, by assigning them to nested subgroups with similar patterns of connectivity
I will now share the four biotypes and what clinical symptoms they are associated with.
1. Reduced connectivity in frontoamygdala networks, = increased anxiety
2. And reduced connectivity in anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal areas = Abnormal lack of energy.
3. By contrast, hyperconnectivity in thalamic and frontostriatal networks, = increased anhedonia = an inability to feel pleasure and psychomotor retardation = involves a slowing-down of thought and a reduction of physical movements in an individual.
Biotype 1: Reduced connectivity in frontoamygdala networks
And reduced connectivity in anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal areas
increased anxiety
Abnormal lack of energy.
They may inform recent initiatives to rethink our system for diagnosing psychiatric disorders and investigating their neuro-physiological and genetic basis, by stratifying subjects into subgroups defined by shared neurobiological substrates.
Biotype 2: And reduced connectivity in anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal Areas
Abnormal lack of energy.
Biotype 3:
hyperconnectivity in thalamic and frontostriatal networks
anhedonia and psychomotor retardation
Biotype 4: Reduced connectivity in frontoamygdala networks
hyperconnectivity in thalamic and frontostriatal networks
increased anxiety
increased anhedonia and psychomotor retardation
I wondered why bioimaging isnt used to diagnose many depression n mental issues.
Great point, the research seems conclusive time to roll these things out! I love techstartup companies innovating in this space, maybe we can find one that's out there trying to bring it to everyone.
Great video Jen!
Very interesting studies!
Wonderful work, Jen. Thank You!
Amazing video! You explain it simple and easy to understand.
+Susii Valdez thank you so much! How did you find the video?
Amazing job spreading Science. Wil share here with friends in Brazil.
Hi . I just watched the video. I have been suffering from depression ever since 1990. And I tried various medication , Amitriptylin, Imipramine, Ludiomil, Venlafaxine, Clomipramine, Fluovoxamine, Fluoxetin , Citalopram, Valporate, .....the best one has been Clomipramine , though recently the effect disappread. I trained in the UK as internal medicine and Respiratory Medicine. Now I am working in Iran. How could I receive these tests, could you possibly help me.
Thanks for this video. Is there any advance for anhedonia or it is completely untreatable? (I heard about inflammation) Sometimes I just want a bit of hope... Best regards
That is a good question, I may research that and make a future video on the topic. Do you take any medications in attempt to treat it and/or do you take any medication that could be causing your anhedonia. At the top of my head I may remember Wellbutrin being a potential treatment.
@@JenAnna I took a ssri many years ago and I think it helped developing anhedonia. Than after several years of not having anything I took venlafaxine 75mg for 4 years but it didn't help. They say sometimes dopaminergic medication with serotonergic may help. The problem with that in it affects your memory and your thinking. Sometimes I feel like I have damaged my brain forever
How were these people diagnosed with these biotypes was it from tms if so we seriously need this for all mental health conditions not just depression and why are professionals not sending me to see what's wrong before medication makes no sense
What about anxiety and derealization disorder
Super interesting video. Thank you!
I'm glad you liked it! What did you find most interesting?
@@JenAnna I like to see how brain functioning/connectivity affects behaviour. It's interesting to see that what seems to be one and the same issue from a clinical perspective is actually multiple ones in the brain. I am also interested by depression in particular, so many people I know suffer from it, or anxiety, or personality disorder. Knowing how the behaviour arise from the structural changes in the brain help me feel at peace with other people's behaviour, my own, and to see how to use that knowledge to affect my life and that of others. And I think I will enjoy watching some of your other vids. :)
🖐Jen , I am from INDIA. Which country ur from
Will you come back to making videos Jen?
I was actually just thinking of making a new video soon! I started a new job 6 months ago and things have been busy but I think it’s time to come back! Any types of videos you would like to see?
@@JenAnna Oh that's great. I will think about some topics that might fit to your style. Have you seen new video about fluid dynamics in brain during sleep?
@@JenAnna do you still meditate? There's that mynoise.net site that have awesome meditation and various music. I don't recall if you touched the topic of how certain noises/sounds affect our brains/us. There are a lot of papers on that I guess.
Have you had an fmri?
I have as a participant in a research study!