The Recent Megaeruption in Indonesia; Lake Maninjau
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- Опубликовано: 22 июл 2024
- The large lake known as Lake Maninjau was the site of one of the planet's most recent supermassive eruptions. The megaeruption in question covered large swaths of Indonesia in as much as 200 meters or 656 feet thick of ash. Measuring 20 kilometer long and 8 kilometers wide, it formed in an eruption twice the size of Tambora's 1815 eruption which caused the year without a summer. Although this volcano has not erupted for some time, it still produces high levels of hydrogen sulfide gas which causes large fish kill events. This video will discuss this ancient eruption, and the extent of ash it left behind across Sumatra.
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Graphics of eruption dates are courtesy of the Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institute. volcano.si.edu/
Thumbnail Photo Credit: Ion Tichy, Wikipedia, CC BY 3.0
0:00 Mount Tambora's Eruption
0:33 The Year without a Summer
0:56 Lake Maninjau Caldera
1:22 Geologic Setting
2:22 Geologic History
3:17 The Megaeruption Occurs
4:03 Size of the Eruption
Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google
It is debatable how long it will be before Lake Maninjau produces another eruption. Based on geothermal emissions (and CO2 release) there is still clearly magma underneath the current caldera lake.
Does the presence of a lake in the caldera increase or decrease the likelihood of eruption?
@@JamecBond
It doesn't change anything. An eruption may or may not be more likely to occur, depending on interactions between tectonic plates. Lakes can, at most, increase the blast power of the eruption.
@@JamecBond all that will differ is the eruption type, nothing else.
Is there a difference between a super eruption and a mega eruption?
@GeologyHub: I like that area of Sumatera Barat. I have many friends in Lubuk Basung, north of Padang. From Lubuk Basung, head east around Lake Maninjau to then head south. Turn left to Bukittinggi, which is a winding road with one sharp 180° turns. Don't stop to look at the primate wildlife or you may lose phone, etc. I am not sure if Bukittinggi is another volcano, but considering the city is surrounded by mountains in sort of a circular shape, it is quite possible. There are natural tunnels there which were used by both sides, Sumateran & Japanese, during WW2.
Slow down! I’ve lived in Indonesia for the past two years and you keep adding amazing places to go see here faster than I can possibly go visit them!
Indonesia is one of the most volcanically active locations on the planet, so consider yourself lucky! If I had to pick three locations I’d choose papandayan with its bumblebee jasper, Rinjani with its caldera lake and steep walls, and Ijen with its blue lava
@@GeologyHub Ijen is definitely on my list! It was just 6 months ago that I camped on Krakatoa and hiked up Anak Krakatau to look down into the caldera. Just steam and nasty gasses then.
@@GeologyHub have you done one on Ijen?
@@GeologyHub found it.
Hey, I live in America. Arkansas. What's it like where you live? Is it Ruff living? I bet the scenery is just unbelievable. Be Safe.
I can't believe you covered this crater lake. I visited it and stayed in a tiny hamlet along its shores back in the fall of 1989. I was a young backpacker then. It was part of a 14 month journey through Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. I stayed 4 months in Indonesia, starting in Bali, then Java, then, after flying out to Singapore, taking a slow boat up river into central Sumatra, where I ended up spending some time exploring the area around Bukittingi, the gorgeous Harau Valley, and Lake Maninjau, before my journey north to Lake Toba, where I spent a week, then continuing on through the central highlands all the way up to Banda Aceh at the northernmost point of the island. Banda Aceh would later be destroyed in the 2004 tsunami, claiming the largest amount of fatalities that day. Traveling in Indonesia was difficult. But I cherish the memories of the stunning landscapes and interesting cultures I visited along the way. Thank you for covering Lake Maninjau. My memories of it are quite romantic . .
you have adventured indonesia more than me, an indonesian. god bless you...
@@username_ara where in Indonesia do you reside? God bless you as well . . .
@@stonew1927 I live in bali
@@username_ara Bali is where I began my 14 month trip in Asia in 1989. I traveled all the way to India, but Indonesia was my first country. So many wonderful memories. You are fortunate to live in such a beautiful and culturally rich place. . .
No matter what the subject is or when it took place, this channel is always enjoyable. Thank you so much.
How about a video on the top 5 places you would like to go visit for its geology and why you would like to go there?
Awesome and informative video as always!!!
Incredible activity in Indonesia
Love this channel and the volcanology (I studied geology).
Request: can you do a video on the supervolcano complex around Vesuvius and the Bay of Naples?
I have a few older videos which cover Campi Flegrei!
@@GeologyHub Thanks! Now checked and watched 😊 They were released before I discovered your channel. Have seen on one or two other channels that there's concern over increasing activity with the magma chamber there
1:01
20 km is 12 miles
I never tire of seeing and hearing about the huge uncontrollable acts of the Earth. Sometimes it seems that the Earth doesn't really care about us.
Was wondering what this think was. Another great video as always
This is one of my favorite channels, very educational and straight to the point! I hope to get a degree in geology someday. I have a request: can you do a video on either Mt. Mariveles or Mt. Natib in the Philippines? They both belong to the same mountain range that Mt. Pinatubo is part of and have also had large caldera-forming eruptions in the past.
Thank you very much. :D
It's a video I asked for several months ago and finally here it is. :D
Can you make a video about Semilir - Ngelanggeran Supervulcano in Indonesia?
Not much research on this ancient maninjau caldera lake, this is the best that I can find, thank you
It's amazing that you found a photo of the snowy day in NY in the summer during the year without summer after the Tanboro volcano eruption in 1815!!
😅😆🤣. Of course I'm kidding because there was no photography until decades later.
Thanks for discussing my hometown, apparently legend also discuss present about volcano called Mt. Sitinjau. Occurence of releasing sulfic acid gas is annually, but right now the rate is increasing.
I love your geology and volcano videos! Do you have video about the largest volcanic eruption known? If not, it would be great to hear about it. Thanks!
love the volcano updates.🌋
Thanks, GeologyHub for covering a relatively unknown caldera in Indonesia!
I really enjoy your channel. brings back my elementary school time crush on Volcanoes.
Question: why would the Andesite magma mixing with the Rhyolite cause a large volume to shoot to the surface? is it just that the chamber could only hold a certain volume and it had to go the path of least resistance? or is there some sort of chemical reaction that is very energetic with Andesite and Rhyolite mixing?
this is cool.... thanks for sharing and post some more about Volcano in Indonesia, I heard there are 1000' of them over there
Truly fascinating. Thank you for your videos.
Love these videos
Indonésia, chile, japão e islândia. Estes países são praticamente quatro vulcões com povoados em cima. Se o havaí fosse um país, estaria nas mesmas condições.
Hawaii was an independent country before the U.S. took them
I am an Indonesian who lives under a mountain that when it can erupt:v
@@Chris.P_Chicken57
So be careful. Pay close attention to the frequency of tremors, observe phenomena such as heating or acidification of water sources, observe the emergence or increase of sulfur gases appearing in nearby regions (in these places, vegetation usually dies). PAY ATTENTION TO THE ALERTS EMITTED BY GEOLOGISTS.
Ending "Covered by 200 meters of ash." I can't even fathom that thought. I was alive and well when Mt St Helens erupted, and we got a little of the ash from it in the eastern United States. They got a few feet right there at the cone, but 200 meters is 655 feet. Deep. Thick. Of ash. When, an inch can suffocate you.
Id like to see something about this almost perfectly circular mountain ring located in 57*35'N 134*39'E I cant even find its name
you mean this ? en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondyor_Massif
Exactly 😅
It would be amazing if you could make a video (series) where you would go over the entiry geological history of the planet with the major eruptions/ collisions and mountainformation. That would be cool!
I would love to see you talk about Klyuchevskaya Sopka in Kamchatka Peninsula
1:34 Kita menyebutnya Bukit Barisan. Pegunungan itu memanjang di pesisir pantai selatan Pulau Sumatera.
Di Pulau Jawa juga ada, namanya Pegunungan Sewu, di sepanjang pesisir pantai Selatan Jawa. Mengikuti garis patahan lempeng bumi.
Patahan cimangko
Oot tapi mau nanya, pegunungan Sumatran itu msuk ke pegunungan tua atau muda ya? Kalau di Kalimantan km msuk ke pegunungan tua
*MORE LIKE THIS!!* An exceptional episode! 👍🖖
Wasn’t Samalas / Rinjani in the 13th century larger than Tambora? I guess figures differ and it’s not 100% settled, but I always understood Samalas to be a bit larger than Tambora based on the information I’ve read on it.
I thought so too.
We have probably seen the same documantary^^
Smitsonian's Global Volcanism Program gives Tambora as "history's largest explosive eruption," and since 1275 CE is historic, I'd take that as saying Tambora was bigger, which is what I've always heard/read, anyway. By the way, GVP gives an age of .28 =/- .12 MYA for the "youngest rhyolitic ashflow deposits," that is, 280,000 +/- 120,000, for Maninjau, older than the 52,000 given here. It's listed among the Pleistocene volcanoes, though H2S emissions (not mentioned in GVP) would seem to indicate continuing activity. 52,000, however, is the same as that given in the Wikipedia article. Different sources are cited for age in the two articles: Alloway, Brent V et.al., 2004 for the Wikipedia; Leo et al., 1980, and Barber et al., 2005 for the GVP. Not having read any of these sources, I can't really say which is more credible.
Tambora 1815 eruption is bigger than 1257 Samalas eruption which is why indicates the 1815 eruption is considered the largest historical eruption in last 5,000-7000 years on the planet. Samalas only erupted a slightly smaller eruption than Tambora based on how long the eruption last and how many ash and rock were deposited during the eruptive phase
here's the video made by GeologyHub
ruclips.net/video/d-4zy2DwLOc/видео.html
I love watching your videos!
Did not get a notification for the video tonight. Notifications are on. Very strange.
Would love to learn from you more about the Olympic Walala limunim
Could you make a video about Meteora or about any other mega eruption in Greece?
He made videos on Greek volcanoes, he covered the Minoan eruption and the mega eruption of Kos.
I would like you to dooa video and updates on the Long Valley super volcano. It is the one with the most melt and ground movement and yet no one is covering it on a daily, weekly, monthly, or even yearly schedule. It is the most dangerous and least reported!
He's not doing an update on any specific volcano if it doesn't have significant changes in activity. It can be a case of low monitoring as well, if Long Valley isn't constantly monitored then there are no updates.
Can you make a video about the tenggir caldera or basically the caldera bromo is in.
I hear *dacite* pronounced _dah-site_ on this channel (including in this video at 2:53), but this is pretty much the only place I've heard it pronounced this way. Wikipedia says it's _ˈdeɪsaɪt_ with an "a as in the word face". If you search on RUclips for videos about dacite, they pretty much all pronounce it dei-site. That said I'm not a vulcanologist, so… which is it?
Hey, I was wondering if it could be possible to get some sort of an update on how things are in La Palma now that it's been quite a while after the eruption ended, would be interesting to see how those lava flows shaped the landscape. 🥺
Could you please do Spiral Butte in Washington? I’m having trouble figuring out it’s origin but it’s such a cool geological formation
Great video thank you!!! I should have went to college to study Geology or Volcanism, I am just completely fascinated with it. How long does it take to become a Geologist or a Volcanologist these days?
Been having a really hot week summer is here early just incase
How about some videos on the formation of some of the more interesting mountains around the world. Mt Kinabalu in Borneo comes to mind.
There really should be some historically accurate animation to accompany some of the more devastating eruptions.
I saw one several years ago that documented the lateral eruption at Mt St Helens. It helped me get such a better idea of the event.
"Overlapping lobes of viscous lava, dike swarms, Magma."
You've got great words!
Can you do a video about Kelud volcano, one of the most deathly volcano in indonesia
What are the biggest or most dangerous rhyolite lava domes that are still around?
Can you give us a report if more volcano eruptions are goimg now or in past. And give a timeline.
What is up with Indonesia and explosive eruptions
Well that was comforting
Any low priced lots for sale?
Indonesia is like a string of firecrackers with a really long fuse.
Does the area around Geraigerfjord in Norway have a volcanic history?
Could you state the condition of Tower Hill , Victoria, Australia
This was great.
Could you do a video focused on Lake Toba at some point (if not already )? Thx!
Just search for geology hub lake toba .
@@jjMcCartan9686 yep. Throwing some engagement his way too. 😉
Were there ever any volcanoes in Louisiana?
I like volcanos is this volcano on the video still active do you know
There are/were 45 USGS Magnitude 2.5+ Earthquakes, Past Day mostly in the ring of fire.
Generally there are around 20 volcanoes actively erupting on any particular day; this is a subset of the normal 40-50 with continuing eruptions mostly in the ring of fire.
Daily world consumption is 100 million barrels of oil a day produced outside the ring of fire.
Is there a reduced probability of a supermassive eruption due to the oil production reducing the mass of those plates, so the ring of fire plates can ease up or have reduced pressure? Hence global warming will expedite until a meteor or we cook/drown.
Is there a volcano that qualifies as the next supermassive eruption?
I wonder how many vei 7 and eight eruptions have happened in Indonesia in the last hundred thousand years?
Is there any indication how such an eruption affected the climate?
probably alkalinity rain intensity going up anywhere imaginable
You only mentioned the really, really big one..,Toba.
Well, thank you for letting us know that there is another horrifying super-volcanic caldera on the island of Sumatra. Like the fearful Lake Toba a hundred or so miles to the north of Lake Maninjau wasn't enough. LOL...
WOW!!
I've probably watched every one of your videos. Enjoyable! Perhaps someone can teach you how to pronounce the word "related". Also, as a Spanish speaker, maybe some help w/ these words too. I mean no offense.
😩 " AWESOME!.... However, a spectacular 1815 eruption is not exactly my idea of ' recent ' . "
🌱🌏💚
Damn!
what part of the world has the least natural disasters?
Why don't they build a tunnel path for lava to flow towards the sea; then the lava will form a new island? Those building materials to build a bridge could be the same materials that can be used or use air crete?
I keep forgetting what recent means in geology terms. :P
I've enjoyed your channel for quite some time. As an avid watcher, it's really..distracting..to always need to hear feet after metric. It just makes me think about how the US is ridiculous adhering to its antiquated measurement system (I'm an American too). Please, don't enable the US's addiction to the imperial system haha
Its almost like a Toba 2.0
This channel is making me affraid to Live in This Planet!
Hahahahahajajaja
Im pretty sure tambora blew its top off , didnt colapse
This caldera is next to my wife's home and i and her always sit there whole day Riding Around and we catch fish with her father in Caldera , and i can tell u it's amazing and beautiful.
The frequency of VEI-7 eruptions are becoming less frequent and will continue to decline because the older earth gets there’s less volcanoes left on earth to produce these types of eruptions
As long as Earth continues to have an active geology (which will be a fact until it is swallowed by the Red Giant sun), it will continue to have average geological activity just as it always has since it settled down and became solid enough for life to thrive. It is a continuous cycle that will only stop due to external influences, so the frequency is likely to be an average as it has always been, just as the water cycle has been continuing for hundreds of million years.
Dutch East Indies at that date... Not "Indonesia"..
You sound like Beavis from Beavis and Butthead narrator
Indonesian come🙏🏻
"Recent" = 207 years ago :3
You need to put that in context, a VEI 7 such as Tambora's 1815 eruption is recent compared to the Minoan Eruption (1613 BC) and Campanian Ignbimbrite eruption (37,330 BCE), both also VEI-7. It's not recent in regular terms, it's recent in volcanologist terms, there are known studied eruptions that happened 640 0000 years ago and way before that.
In geological terms 200 years is nothing
On geological timescales, 200 years isn’t even a blink of an eye
Well, when "recent" appears as over 207 years ago 🤣🤣🤣
In geologic time frame, it is recent
as interesting as the channel is to me, sadly as frustrating it slowly becomesto me too... Everytime there's "recent" in the title, I get happy thinking: "oh wow, something I remeber too".... NOPE. it's 50'000years, 20'000yeras etc... FOR F***S SAKE: THAT'S NOT RECENT! I'm 38years old, that's how old "recent"is to me :) ...I slowly become bored and frustrated like this.
Sorry, It's just my own experience (personal problem?), it has nothing to do with the high-end quality and work you're delivering every day! I really enjoy the weekly news on sundays, that's a cool thing to see eveytime!
You just have to get into the geologist mindset. The earth is about 4.5 billion years old, anything that happened in the last 1% of that history is recent.
@@jefferyindorf699 Yeah, I know.... sigh.... :( However I thought the world being even older? 6,5-7billion years?
As already mentioned, these are geologist terms, it's recent in regular terms, that eruption in 1815 is recent compared to the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption (37,330 BCE) by example.
Well, I finally give up. Since I am an American I don't know the metric system. Good for you, that you do. It's extremely frustrating that you don't use real numbers. 😀 :) .Anyway I am reluctantly unsubscribing. Thank you. I really injoyed you.
The indonesian volcano he talked about released 1 billion barrels and a quart of rock per second and it piled up to a depth of a few hundred refridgerators or washing machines. I hope that helps.
Aw right.. here comes the EARTHQUAKES .THE END OF THE world IS TAKING TOO LONG. HURRY UP! WELCOME TO THE 21ST CENTURY FOLKS. 😜
"recent"
Geologic Terms, recent is anything in the last 10,000 years.
@@generaldong-dong5635 The earth is going through hell atm, climate change. If the above was cyclic it may be useful knowledge.
@@willhall4037 Volcanoes are cyclic enough, always going thru the same process of birth, growth, declines either gradual or cataclysmic. Even the climate changes are cyclic, although we humans are doing our damnedest to break the speed record going from cool to hot. The climate we evolved in, roughly what we still have today, is chilly compared to the hot steamy temps found in the majority of our planetary history. The planet doesn’t care, just us bio organisms. 🤷♂️ Think in geologic terms, when the timescale is 4.3 billion years anything from the dawn of humanity is not only ‘recent’, it’s less than an eyeblink.
@@RoxnDox Volcanoes, like valves that let off steam, yes I see that ;). Now I need more info on the 12,000 cycle being mentioned by cosmologists and others. That is on a definite clock, but finding out where we are on the time line seems impossible.
@@willhall4037 I have no idea what 12,000 (year) cycle you’re thinking of. The Milankovitch cycle maybe? That affects solar power but does NOT affect volcanoes.
This causes global warming.
Horrid voice
Yes, very interesting, but come on. 52 000 years ago isn’t recent. Get your titles right, please.
Geologic Terms, the eruption is generally recent lol
@@generaldong-dong5635 Yeah, I totally get that. But the title should reflect that.
man fix your cadence
It is what it is so get used to it. Occasionally new viewers make that kind of comment when they first watch this channel.
@@michaeldeierhoi4096 and rightfully so, it’s brutal. Like in anything, getting better requires feedback and actively using that feedback in practice. Pretty unwatchable for me so I’ll find another channel that doesn’t bug me so much. Might try again later to see if he’s fixed it
@@wildgrem Like any channel you can watch it or not, but calling it "brutal" says more about you then the channel's audio. If you just started watching the channel and made that observation then you are probably an impatient person to begin with. Most people aren't bothered by the cadence of the narrator because they watched it for a while before making an impulsive decision and learned to like the channel.
Yeah I'll leave a comment Why in the h*** is half of my income being taken away from me
Are you complaining about the cost of civilization?