Civilizations at the End of Time: Iron Stars
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- Опубликовано: 15 июл 2024
- Long after all the stars have burned out, and even after the last black holes ebb away, in an unimaginably distant future, the time of Iron Stars will come, and perhaps civilizations will survive around them.
In the previous episode we saw how civilizations might not simply survive after all the stars in the Universe had died, but might indeed thrive far better during the Black Hole Era of the Universe. Today, we will go beyond even the Dark Era to examine the concepts or Iron Star Civilizations, Boltzmann Brains, Reversible Computing, and even reversing Entropy itself.
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Cover Art by Jakub Grygier: www.artstation.com/artist/jak...
Graphics Team:
Edward Nardella
Jarred Eagley
Justin Dixon
Katie Byrne
Misho Yordanov
Murat Mamkegh
Pierre Demet
Sergio Botero
Stefan Blandin
Script Editing:
Andy Popescu
Connor Hogan
Edward Nardella
Eustratius Graham
Gregory Leal
Jefferson Eagley
Luca de Rosa
Michael Gusevsky
Mitch Armstrong
MolbOrg
Naomi Kern
Philip Baldock
Sigmund Kopperud
Steve Cardon
Tiffany Penner
Music:
Markus Junnikkala, "Always tell me the odds"
Lombus, "Hydrogen Sonata"
AJ Prasad, "Staring Through"
Dan McLeod, NeptuneUK, "Calculations"
Markus Junnikkala, "A Memory of Earth"
Phase Shift, "Forest Night" 
Наука
Author's Note: There's a pair of errors on the slides with Black Hole power output by mass, for a Solar Mass black Holes it should say 28 not 38, typo, for 10^-28 watts. Sorry I missed that one, as a reminder for every order of magnitude more mass a BH has, it has two orders of magnitude less power, so 10^-38 Watts would be a rather large black hole, one in the 100,000 solar mass range. On the samples, I accidentally pasted the same mass for two samples, masses should be 100 MW -> 1.9 GT, 1 GW -> .6GT, those two are correct, but 10 GW should be .19GT and 100 GW, .06GT, forgot to move my decimals and change the exponents, veyr tiny window on the editing screen for text.
Isaac Arthur -
Great video again as usual.
I have a few comments. It is unlikely a quantum event can take place within a non-quantum state like a large brain or person popping into existence, or so I've been told (I didn't follow the math, but that was the conclusion).
I've had an idea about the future where instead of billions of people there are just a few, highly advanced and god like. The question here is why would you want trillions of people living at the expense of everything else?
The next question is not - are we living in a Simulation, but can this Universe/Existence be simulated. In other words lets assume the universe we live in is real, now can it be made into a simulation...can we make an experience within it that is impossible to tell whether you are in the real world or not?
If the answer is yes (theoretically) then we have to conclude ALL reality is a simulation. The key word here is (all)...there is no such thing as real, the simulation is "Turtles all the way down".
Consider the old stories of Atlas holding the sky up, and Earth supported on the back of large animals, we now know none of this was needed. If a super intelligence had all of time to experience, what would it do? How to avoid getting bored, and how to duck infinities?
You do this.
Of course if the answer is no, and a simulation to the extent of duplicating this Universe is not possible, then the universe must eventually end. Time ends when there are no more events. Have a nice day.
I don't understand how anybody would find it difficult to understand you. You don't sound like you have a speech impediment. You sound like you have the accent of an Israeli who's lived in South England for about 5 - 10 years. Your accent is really clearly comprehensible to me.
One thing makes me wonder: If pulling quarks apart can generate new quarks would this effect make it possible to repopulate the universe with matter maybe even in a sort of a Big Bang at the end of times?
/edit: oh Nevermind... just scrolled through the comments after finishing the Vidya..
It is a shame that this kind of errors were easy to solve with youtube´s annotations back when you did the "first part" of this "...End of Time:..." mini-series [but is not posible now due to limitations on the side of smartphones blocking this "feature" to avoid people using PCs to watch youtube as it is easier to block advertisement].
@ *Mikolaj* :
. Ni-62 may be the one with the "denser" nuclei; but that does not mean it is the more stable.
. The kind of "ending" Iron Stars experience is the one were quantum tunneling allows for adition/substraction of protons/neutrons [causing decay of heavier cores]; or the fusion of two cores (generating a heavier element that later decays again).
-> Because the fusion of Fe-56 (either with another iron nuclei or anything else) absorbs more energy than what it releases, it means this excedent of energy inside the resultant heavier element would eventually come out through spontaneous fission (decay) faster than what random tunnelling could keep creating things heavier than Fe-56 [as there is a net loss of energy carried away of the mass through photons or neutrinos].
The narrator very politely asks to be excused for his "speech impediment", but really, it's clearer and more understandable than 50+% of my University professors - some of whom for which English is a second language, and some of whom just prefer to mumble and speak to the blackboard. ^_^
yes, it sounds like a different accent of british english.
His pronunciation of "R" improved big time! It's apparent he's working on it hard.
I was just thinking "I like the quirky way this guy talks" when Elmer Fud appeared and floored me.
To me its just a cool weird accent. Tho got me confused on iron-ion.
as speech impediments go it's not too bad, first 5 minutes I just was wondering where he was from because I couldn't place it as an accent at all ( I'm actually quite good at placing geography based on accents)
My nephew has autism and my family struggled to reach him and then we found your videos and watching them with him and then talking about science has opened a door for us being able to reach him. So thankful for your videos.
Yay! I have autism too and would have loved if someone did something like this to me when I was younger
Comment deserves a heart if Isaac sees this.
@Historystuff They find social interaction extremely challenging, and tend to avoid it if possible. They tend to have tonal control issues, and trouble reading other people's emotions. But find a topic they like, and you can bring them out of their shell. Autism still isn't fully understood, it's a disorder on a spectrum, and one that's somewhat treatable with cognitive behavioral therapy. Some autistic people you can hardly tell, and others are fairly obvious.
@@cjaquilino how would a heart change literally anything? I’m just happy for the guy, his nephew could be very smart in his future!
@@daka3785 It would confirm Isaac read it.
Imagine online game servers at the end of existence.
"Make sure you're connected to the Sagittarius server, you only get 200 million years of latency so it's basically instantaneous!"
zomgpirate shut up
@@100_Dollar_Bill No, how about you shut up?
@Joe Alexander Doesn't actually work. You can have entangled quantum pairs, but you can't transfer useful information that way.
Ugh 😅 I know I’d be running at the same speeds but
UGH 🤣
Great! We could've lived for billions of extra years but no you had to waste all our energy cheating better reaction times in that damn game...
“Well, guys and gals, I think we had a good run - becoming gods, all but out-lasting the Heat Death, solving every problem ever, building a timeless utopia and all that - but I think it’s time…to continue!”
*opens a vast gateway to a new, young universe*
“I wonder how many red dwarfs this one will have…”
* Salutes *
a few million universes later...
“Well, guys and gals, I think we had a good run - becoming gods, all but out-lasting the Universe merging, solving every problem (that we invented) ever, building a timeless muti-universe utopia and all that - but I think it’s time…to continue!”
opens a vast gateway to a new, dimesion
“I wonder many galaxies this one will have…”
a few infinite dimensions later ...
"Well, guys and gals, i think we had a good run - becoming gods, all but out-lasting omnipotent beings and the definition of time itself, solving every problem (even self-defined intangible paradoxes) ever, building what-could-only-be-described-as-something-beyond-infinity amount of timeless multi-realities utopia and all that - but I think it's time...to continue!"
*opens a vast gate way to a new, "level" of omnipotence and "realness" of reality*
"I wonder many Eldritch incarnations of self-defining fundamental concepts this one will have..."
"You have unlocked New Game +"
when you accidentally return to your original universe
"if brute force isn't working. your not using enough of it." by Isaac Arthur. best quote of the eon😂😂
My old battalion's unofficial motto :)
hahaha :)
both can aply. it's just a matter of what it is being used for
Work smarter not harder
:)
Isaac Asimov: Humanity cannot survive after the death of the last Stars.
Isaac Arthur: Hold my beer.
asimov was right......whatever it is that would be living at that stage won't be human
Universal Kombat Chill dude, I'm as big a fan of Asimov as anyone and still found that comment very amusing.
+Adam Weishaupt i figure that biological humans will have gone away before the last star dies. The last humans will be minds uploaded to machines, living on the small amount of power available as the universe decays.
Teboski78 Actually made me laugh out loud! What I love so much about this channel, why I've been binging these videos for a month now, summed up here.
Comment of the year 😂
I grew up with a pronounced speech impediment. S’s and R’s did not agree with me. I was bullied many years for it and I applaud people who likewise have a similar impediment and doesn’t let it stop them.
I've noticed that speech impediments can be a little off putting the first time you hear them, but they eventually grow on you and have their own charm
It's irritating at forst, but the content Arthor delivors on enorgy, physics and the futor of the univorse is so downright fascinating, I'm not reolly distorbed by it anymore...
@ungratefulmetalpansy woossh
I have the same impediment with R, S, And Thr too
I suffer from a lisp himself if that counts.
Theoretical Scientist: 'We are going to convert ourselves to human computers, take advantage of hawking radiation given off by super-massive black holes and live forever.'
Material scientist: 'Yeah okay, but you go first.'
Theoretical Scientist: don’t mind if I do...
Not that this will be a possibility in my lifetime, but if it was, I wouldn't do it. I'm a soul scientist. I don't support clones, teleportation or mind uploading. Replications of me are not me. I would die and my body snatcher would live.
@@elias_xp95 I wouldn't mind. Its an alternative form to keep life going but this time at the advantage of the life lessons and wisdoms acumulated in my life time. You know how valuable that is? We set up entire schools for it and have philosophies made out of it. Why spend lifetimes educating ourselves and gathering wisdom when you can bookmark it, like a presige thing in those game, and have your coppies pick right up where you left to become ever more wiser and intelligent. Given that you have a good set of manerisms, belifs, a good head on your shoulders, and a plan to live on and survive against all thr odds be that whatever legacy that may manifest from you.
@@helium-379 "Its an alternative form to keep life going but this time at the advantage of the life lessons and wisdoms acumulated (sic) in my life time."
But that's just it. You would keep *"life"* going (as a biological clone) but *you* would be dead. So what would the point be? To continue to be a drain on resources, getting in the way of the younger generations? Forcing them into low ranking job positions or (dependent on scarcity) ration queues and studio apartments, heck think of the traffic jams!? It would be the replica that continues to exist. A body snatcher. Not you. At the very least a mind upload into a computer would seem the more ethical. A digital version of you would just be a smart library. Live, have children, upload your mind to a machine, die, continue to share your knowledge and wisdom with those who come after.
But the pursuit of such methods for ones selfish greed of an undying life seems to me to be hellish, dystopian and at worst immoral.
@@elias_xp95 I said that the life that lives on is a legacy. If I cant live on myself then its better to have a version of me that completely understands who I am and what my goals are. Simply telling people will get everything lost in translation and that last thing we need right now is another stupid prolonged telephone game. This is never about "living forever". This is about pushing the limits of what we can create with tools we have invented. We have the tech to clone people already. We aren't doing it right now since its unusual and governments aren't interested in funding it yet. All that is left is to figure out how to copy memories accurately with little to no compression.
There will not be any scarcity in the future when we are looking at this long term. You underestimate how vast and gigantic the universe is. It would take hundreds of trillions of years to use up a tiny percentage of what is out there. So small that the universe will die before we will ever manage to touch a quarter of it. We haven't even mined out all the resources on earth yet and there is still plenty of space for people to live on. The only problem is that no one wants to live at those unpopulated areas which happens to be most of the land on Earth.
Also stop trying to vilify our future humans. They did not snatch any fucking bodies. Their bodies will be their own grown from vat tubes. The only thing they they will have from the start is all my memories including the understanding that they are clones that must work together so we can finally go to fucking space. I don't care if they are tin cans, meat bags, or meat cans. It bothers me none that they are exact replicas of me.
How is any of it greedy when the whole purpose behind it is to pass on knowledge and wisdom with the least amount of compression possible. So that our future incarnations repeat or mistakes less and less. So that they may be more just in their judgements. So that they adapt when needed and preserve whenever it is best. So that they can be infinitely more wiser and intelligent than they were. Life is always dying and it is always living. To end it all is also futile since some other beings will take our place and there is no death without life. Be it in this universe or the next one. So why not be us? Why can't we be the ones to take the shot at escaping the heat death of the universe? You just want to throw in the towel now when we are at the highest peak society has ever seen? Yeah sure there are tons of bad shit. So what? Its been like that for tens of thousands of years and guess what? We went from apes in trees to apes in homes made out of trees. There is no telling how we will end up but we must keep pushing on. That is the thought that is as old as the first ape that chose to walk the savannas. They probably died a violent death but look at where they got us. Have fear in the present but show none in the future.
this is some god-tier science fiction novel material
Isaac's entire channel is drenched in ideas for a scifi story to grab on to, some of the theoretical even plausible projects he talks about make Star Wars look surprisingly quaint even when they have FTL and super powered compact power sources, heck, a Nicol-dyson Beam could prolly tear starkiller base a new one, without even burning up a whole star in the process, even speed of light limitations isn't so bad if your just a uploaded digital copy of yourself that can play with their perception of time while exploring the galaxy making copies of yourself time to time.
TLDR I want to be Bob from "we are legion, (we are Bob)" and the more SFIA videos I watch the more reasonable and fun that sounds
Funny enough he has the names of my two favorite sci-fi authors, Issac Asimov and Arthur C. Clarke.
@@yastreb. I didn't think it was 😜
@@UNSCPILOT too bad you ended up as bob in fight club instead. jk, really, you're lovely
I am very proud he uses my music in some videos
Depressing thought: in the future an entire supercluster will be fed into a black hole to power the porn servers of a trillion year old civilization.
huh, I actually hadn't thought of that, probably not an entire supercluster though, maybe just a few galaxies worth.
Yes, it is depressing, You know what else is depressing? the fact it won't matter.
It's a supercluster, it will a lot of matter. ;) *rimshot*
A supercluster is quite a lot but why would anybody make porn servers by putting a supercluster in a black hole in the first place?
New fetish, Galaxy banging
Normal content creators: "If my video goes over 10 minutes nobody will tune in!"
Isaac Arthur: "Okay folks now that we've gone over a recap of the last episode for ten minutes buckle up, grab a drink and a snack!"
It shows that Isaac has the utmost trust in us, that we will stick with him for the long haul. And he's right!
I always find it weird when a RUclipsr says something like "I'm not going to go into details because this video has become already long enough and nobody would want that" or something of the sort, then I check the length and is something like 15 min video. Yet there are many videos and analysis that are literally hours and still have millions of views so there is a demand for longer videos.
If a RUclipsr is worried that adding few more minutes into already not very long video is going to make people click away, maybe the presentation is the problem, not the length itself. It's like how some 2 hour movies feel like they're dragging on, but people watch LOTR 3+ hours extended edition and feels like an instant.
Technically, wouldn't there be a non-zero chance of a Boltzmann brain forming that did "remember" us?
Yes, but it wouldn't have any "continuity" with us, as in, there won't be a unbroken thread of events, space, and/or consciousness connecting us to them. However, you may have a way around that continuity issue depending on your personal philosophy. Whenever there is a break in our consciousness, like sleep, or anaesthesia for a surgery, or any other instance of unconsciousness, how can we be sure that the person who sleeps is the same that wakes up later, and not an identical copy, or a new mind with the same memories as the previous'? That is a similar issue to ours, and if you aren't bothered with this continuity question on these cases (I, personally, am not), then yes, one can say that it would "remember" us, in the common sense of the word.
Plot twist: the name of that Boltzmann brain is Azathoth and other Boltzmann brains make fun of his silly dream
Yes but there will be equal chances for a boltzmann brain to remember a fake made-up history of us (or I dunno, star wars or something), and they'd have no way to tell which one was real
There would have to be a chance of that happening, and there isn't. Boltzmann brains form AFTER the dissolution of energy, and since you need energy to store information, the information itself would no longer exist by then.
Technically, it IS possible for them to have "thoughts" that we couldn't distinguish from a remembrance, but that would actually be random chance
There is a chance it could form before humanity's extinction or it could for as a environment that humans could live in allowing humans to survive a small bit longer
"If brute force isn't working, you're not using enough of it."
😁
That is my new favorite quote.
That's how FTL will really be invented. "Just get to the speed of light, then go faster". Jeremy Clarkson is going to be their god.
That’s basically Jiren’s moto
Hi im Sofaking We Toded
"SAY OUTLOUD FAST"
SOOO POWEFUL....
"If brute force isn't working, you're not using enough of it." = 22:20 -> 22:30
Think of your dad, scolding you because you didn't turn off the light when you leave the room for wasting energy.
Now imagine sharing an apartment with someone from a post black hole civilization. This fall on BNC chanel 12, "Bob and Xythlisssipov 215."
I can just imagine someone looking at me as if I were Hitler for leaving a crumb of food on my plate which contained enough energy to sustain a billion people for a millennia in their civilisation.
Yog Sothoth "Don't throw that, a civilization could use that to sustain themselves for millennia"
This is my new parenting comment xD
icthulu my friend should be advanced enough to have a portal gun to let us escape to dimension C-137B.
icthulu I absolutely love this comment chain
This man has a speech impediment and is still an amazing narrator on the level of kurgezagd and reallifelore. Honestly amazing. Love this channel and have literally been watching it for a week straight with my dad
I thought that was just his accent
@@12stepz49 at least I dont think so. Saw a decent amount of people saying he had a speech impediment
@@zukothedragon2452 look at 0:55 he says he has a speech impediment
He sounds like the Homestarruner got a college degree. I assumed it was just a charming regional accent that I'd never heard of.
@@rakino4418 games!!... videooooooosss.. e maillll...
What's most incredible about this is that these are ideas we can conceive of NOW, with our current understanding of physics. I feel like a civilization that's existed for a trillion years would think ideas like this seem hilariously simplistic and limited in scope. We literally can't even imagine what might actually be possible by then, because there's so much more to discover.
stop proton decay
"We do have a chance for a civilization after the end of time, and you only need a chance." That made me tear up for some reason.
Why? You won't be around to comprehend it.
You teared up because Arthur is so thoughtful because he actually cares and you are understanding his attempts to reconcile a time far beyond his own, you teared because it is moving......
@ungratefulmetalpansy jeez this channel is chock full of haters with raging hard ons fomenting out of one eye for a fight......
Just a chance
All humanity collectively has ever needed is a chance. Yu or I will be long gone and even the dust of our bones recycled to the point even the concept it was part of a person fades.
Yet so long as a chance for intellect exists. We are Immortal.
"And you only need a chance." Instant smile there. Good gosh, I love that bit there!
Griffin Scott E
Jackie Mclean E?
Raiu this whole video renews my hope for the universe
39:47
I rewatch this every time I feel existential dread. It's such a beautiful idea that existence can extend virtually endlessly.
Agreed 1,000 percent. Also whenever I need to listen to something without watching it to help fall asleep. Even though I almost have it memorized.
I actually feel so bad whenever I find myself complaining about Isaac's speech impediment. I've been on/off watching his videos for months now if not a year or two. He puts so much quality work in to his videos and records them with such passion it's amazing. Yet all that was necessary for me to completelt enjoy his videos was turning on captions...
At least, finally, I can enjoy his videos to their fullest quality. Keep it up, Isaac!
Then Odin bowed to Mimir, the wisest of the world’s beings. “I want to drink from your well, Mimir,” he said.
“There is a price to be paid. Everyone who has come here to drink has been unwilling to pay that price. Will you, Eldest of the Gods, pay it?”
“I will not shrink from the price that has to be paid, Mimir,” said Odin.
“Then drink,” said Mimir. He filled up a great horn with water from the well and gave it to Odin.
Odin took the horn in both his hands and drank. As he drank all the future became clear to him.
Later that day he received an email with a link to this video.
@Jay Blake WE'VE BEEN HACKED BY THE RUSSIANS!
Jean: lmao! No, there's no russians on thread apart from me. Just a troll who doesn't know even characters used in Cyrillic. It's just a bot/copy from deep generated text pages. Where are all the russian futurists gone?
@@dannydadog1987 In the end of the Universe Humanity shall be united into one super consciousness (aka USSR-LCL edition) and live in a simulated reality near black hole. Then it will replicate itself in numerous multiverses ran by Electronic Farts . Good graphics, crappy story, yearly subscription form. So, will you pay your bill Danny? Sincerely, customer service
@@N3bu14Gr4y you know, i don't know russian, but i think that's gibberish. i could be wrong, but there are a lot of 4M, $, cent and yen signs
@johnmburt1960 yup, that does seem to be gibberish (or i can't rule out code)
>last person at the end of time looking back.
>"P A T H E T I C "
Watching the ORB BURN 2 A Cinder and just like Nero Fiddling While Rome Burned to the Ground What A Final Relief and Release 4 ALL The Involved..................
I don't know, standing at the end of time would be a pretty impressive achievement.
@@towermoss I would love to find out and the Sooner the Better Thank You Very Much
*MediOCrE*
@@slevinchannel7589 I think you replied under the wrong comment mate...
Isaac, your speech is perfectly comprehensible. I listen to heavily accented speech often and I've learned that it just takes careful listening and a little patience. Thank you for your wonderful videos!
This is the most mind-blowing imagination fuel I have ever watched. Truly truly amazing content.
Immortal Arthur quote: "Tell Entropy to take a hike!"
He should put that on a t-shirt.
Who else felt... I don't know... Touched? Yeah, touched that in that timeline, we spared Sol, not for any conventional reasons, but because it was our first home... Our first friend... One that has aged and met us again, to help us... Yet again...
HOW AM I TEARING UP FOR A STAR?!
The answer to the last question is given by demonstration. “LET THERE BE LIGHT!”
It's the ultimate mother.
@@jamesmeritt6800 Spoilers!!!!
stainlesssteelfox1 ah, but I didn’t say where it came from. And if they know where it come from already, it was no spoiler!
No, I'm not crying. You're crying.
You may have a speech impediment, but you present the information clearly and succinctly. Better than many other RUclipsrs.
Can't believe this is 3 years old. One of my favorite episodes
"Civilizations At The End Of Time" should be renamed to "Giving Entropy The Middle Finger And Making Your Own Rules of Physics With Blackjack And Hookers".
Fine, I'll have my own universe, with tachyons and warp drives!
🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂
Blackjack and hookers. Haha... nice.
r/unexpectedfuturama
@@williamclay190 Forget the black jack
Now we need some "civilizations at the beginning of time" to talk about how live could exist much nearer o the big bang.
Have you ever read the Xeelee Sequence?
It was very speculative, but one of the books (Exultant, IIRC) depicts a history of life in the universe, beginning with intelligent life made of space-time defects in the first moments, followed by intelligent life made of quark soup in the first few minutes.
Yes I had the same thought when he was talking of the Big Bang as fast and now as ‘normal.’ If the Arrow of Time is experienced slower in the far future, how fast was it experienced in the past even closer to the big band. Would intelligence have time to exist and perform even one operation before time was already gone because it was moving so fast. Short of random quantum fluctuations, is there a minimum measurable time or level of disorder needed to form intelligence?
This could become relevant. Isaac Arthur speculated that over this long time we might be able to figure out how to move to newer, younger universes. If there are infinite universes then we could become eternal universe hoppers.
His line, "These things only matter to those afraid or unwilling to see the other side of eternity." Such truth. As all this dreams of technology induced immortality are at a root, a fear of facing consequences for their actions here.
You nailed it.
Cool Name btw, Noah.
@@rdallas81 Thanks. Paid a couple hundred for it but was worth it. ^_^
@@Noahloveless1 😁
@@Noahloveless1 Do you believe we have souls which will be judged once our life "force" or breath departs?
I believe we are attached to time because we are souls in bodies of mass- our own flesh.
I also believe the bible. Its amazing. People must choose to serve their flesh, or they can seek out other things- which reveals themselves to those who deny themselves and choose righteousness.
Have a good day.
@@rdallas81 I 100% believe the Bible. Hard not to when I have seen an actual angel with my own eyes. I believe that science doesn't refute God, but proves his existence everyday. Like DNA, for example.
Its unhealthy the amount of times I watched this.
Me: How to use this coffee machine?
Isaac Arthur: How to survive as a civilisation after all the stars in the universe died out.
That is the real question..
Dude, this got to how do you preserve life after BLACK HOLES died out😵
simple
you create a new big bang
"And this is going to be a fairly long episode..." BEST. DAY. EVER!
"It might not be a bad idea to grab a drink, and a snack." LIFE IS BEAUTIFUL.
I'd already gotten these before I even started the video! :-)
That's typically how I do it, too. "New video! Better grab a coffee and nibbles!"
How about a quantum cheesburger?
Robert Weiss his fucking accent made laugh my ass
Damn, i like to think i'm a relatively smart guy... Then i listen to this guy talks... My whole life crumbles on itself 🤣
I probably already commented here, but this video is one of my top ten favorite RUclips videos of all time. I love your other videos, too, but this one is a masterpiece - a combination of tragic poetry and science. I didn't grow up with Carl Sagan but I would imagine this is like Cosmos to me. I've watched it many times and whenever I'm down I put this video on.
I have a similar view on the matter. I've found myself coming back to this video every once in a while just to shut up and listen to in my opinion one of the best minds in science fiction.
Finally! Someone's willing to consider that in such obscene timescales, we might learn how to break the laws of physics and avoid heat death anyway.
Of course. We are but a primitive species on a small rock. At the very least, our understanding is incomplete. None of the models we have factor in the possibility that we leave our home, establish a massive, technologically power interstellar empire, and break or revise the laws of physics. Perhaps we can jump into a younger universe. Perhaps the Heat Death is wrong, and the universe stops expanding. Who knows?
It's just that everything we believe is true would break. And that is very inconvenient.
But could very well be that our current math is not enough, or cannot explain what is going on. Hence we get these "impossibilities" that might not be impossible in reality. But there is no such evidence of that so far, so it just becomes an inconvenience.
@Ajay Singh You might benefit from Bertrand Russel.
"Laws of Physics" LMAO -From an Astrophysicist
@@nighthawkviper6791 The laws of physics are little more than neat suggestions based on old data.
To the last person at the end of time: please switch the lights off.
burn the rest of us. We don't want to be meat for the night kings army :D
Turn down lights when applicable. And push the button, Frank!
I’d probably hang on to the end, if I’m able to live as long as I want then I do want to see the end of eternity... to be able to sit there and, with the last dregs of power, look back over basically the entirety of human history and think, “This was quite a ride.” Then I could turn off the power of my own accord and the last thing I’d feel was time itself becoming meaningless, my existence being the last thing giving it meaning.
That phrase is quite poetic and strikes a sense of sadness and emptiness that i must say feels quite unique, like a weird dark feeling of eternal disconnection. I picture a lone soul looking at the vast and barely lit empty space one last time and literally flipping the switch
@@weronika4561
🌞
This has got to be one of my favorite videos on RUclips.
Would it be possible for these end-of-time civilizations to create a “message in a bottle” out of matter not subject to proton decay so that it would eventually be observed/used by a Boltzmann Brain? Perhaps to resurrect their civilization?
I love this idea
im not sure what kind of matter wouldnt have protons as one of its components or how a Boltzmann brain would actually be able to tap into these "messages in bottles" but sure
@@darealpoopster let me help you with that: it was a question/doubt, and many ppl had it.
See, not so difficult now to understand the upvotes is it son?
Can I use this for a story please?
Can I use this for a story please?
I would love to see a science fiction at this scale... imagine these advanced civilisations communicating and rivalasing, and their goal? Existence, survive longer, and longer. Preserve life and sentience for as long as possible, and explore everything, gain every knowledge possible!
It would be a somewhat boring show in that they would have to be intelligent enough civilisations to realise that fighting is a pointless waste of resources, wouldn't you expect?
You would probably like "City at the End of Time" by Greg Bear. It takes place during the Dark Age of the Universe (10^100^76 years in the future). The author runs with the idea that protons do not decay.
Dancers at the End of Time by Michael Moorcock. Humanity has advanced to the point of virtual godhood, and utilizes technology that is literally accelerating the ending of Time due to siphoning off the very energy that composes spacetime.
+Elric Godslayer I felt like I was back in middle School all over again when you said Moorcock and i let out a little giggle
(writes down both book titles)
You just gave me an idea . What if extremely advanced civilizations experience time so differently that we are either going too fast , or too slow to experience each other in a way that we cannot comprehend each other through sensory input.
That's why it will be so hard to run into other advanced life forms. Sure, alpha centauri probably does have life.. oh, (as an example) but sadly they all died out (or became pure energy or whatever) 3 billion years or so ago, so all their tech would have eroded to dust long ago. In all likelihood, interstellar ally civilizations will have to be almost purely mechanical to interact in any meaningful time frame.
Damn, I thought I was alone! Rock on brother I think the same way
Time and or rate of time is not a constant in the universe, By this i mean time can be affected by the warping of spaceTime. Yes space and time are one and the same and how we know this is through Einstein's theory of relativity that teaches us that mass and or a large collection of matter can warp space time. We know this to be true also for rate of speed relative to say the Earth. If i travel at the speed of light away from the Earth for a month and then return. A month will have past for me and 200 years will have passed for earth. Mind blowing fact is depending on the mass of your galaxy that you live in say compare to a smaller galaxy. Time will pass slower in a large galaxy then say a smaller one based on the mass of each galaxy and its ability to bend space time.
@@gmork1090 not if quantum networking becomes possible.. information will be sent and recieved in an instant through quantum entanglment
Space shrooms and space speed. That'll solve the time perception alright.
This video in one sentence: "If God doesn't exist yet, eventually He will."
Uh....no.
Nebroski Theraut give an infinite universe enough time and anything will come to exist. That’s the core principle he’s referencing.
can you imagine such a poor creature, waking to consciousness in a cold sea of darkness and chaos, with no companionship, no history, no concept of language, just thought, just wants, just needs... the first few would die horrible lonely deaths... if a few were unlucky enough to survive in a configuration that allowed them to thrive in such a world, my guess is they would promptly learn to just sleep, and dream... this brings to mind such alien horrors like Lovecraft wrote about... then again, the Christians do say that 'in the beginning there was the word, and the word said: let there be light... that sounds like a boltzmann brain to me, and we could all be the dream of god, created because it is so unspeakably lonely and unfulfilled without us... then again, the vedas speak of the center of consciousness as being pure bliss, therefore we might be the idle fancy or lovingly crafted artwork of a being exploring its reality and its imagination... then that would paint a more benign picture of a loving god... but considering that babies are starving and dying the world over, we may be living in a sim that has been abandoned, or we might not be the focus of such an intelligence, or this world is real and chaotic and merciless... for what meaning could there be in the death and suffering of so many innocents? hold on, i need more coffee...
@@Nefylym read the first verses of Genesis. What you describe is basically that...
That's essentially the Omega Point hypothesis in Roman Catholic theology. Those Jesuits who subscribe to this hypothesis tend to be fairly progressive and harbor transhumanist, techno-utopian views since they believe we become God and God creates us.
feels weird to say "we" when talking about people billions of years into the future. would we even be us at that point?
"we" as in the conscious elements of the universe. The tiny pieces that have come together in just the right way to think about themselves. We are just a tiny fraction of that wider family. "we" will always exist in some form or another, weather it is just a byproduct of the laws of reality or some intended consequence of existence.
In the future I will become we. Take my great great great great grandfather. He was one now I have 1,000+ 4th cousins, so now he is many.
I mean there's mind uploading maybe ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
underestimate the endurance of the thread of life
Iron Stars? Sounds metal.
*EDGY PROFILE PIC YOU GOT THERE*
Stars these days are increasingly metal.
HaHa iGet IT bECAuse IrON iS a MetTAL
megametal
I am dying with laughter.
"That is not dead which can eternal lie, and with strange aeons even death may die."
Ah, Lovecraft. What would we be doing without your morbidly sick and wonderful imagination.
lovecraft wrote the words, but metallica says them best...
"and you only need a chance.." right as the music comes in is just perfect 👌
This is still my favorite SFIA episode
I myself find your speech to be perfectly understandable. Sometimes people lose the ability to listen, they are so wrapped up in their own thoughts. Thank you for your hard work.
I listened to this while driving up into the snow filled mountains. The sun at a bright but low angle giving contrast to all things for me and the dog to enjoy. Must say. The end of time doesnt seem worth living but is facinating to think of it because of how much more precious our sliver of time really is.
The music in this episode is phenomenal. I could listen to the combination of the music and your voice until the last black hole evaporates.
This isn't one of those videos which you just watch it once, and never return to.
No, this is a video which should be watched repeatedly.
The real genius here is how he is able to listen to audiobooks while writing the episodes as he says. Writing and creating your own work, WHILE listening to a whole other story/book, and getting both done at the same time. Imagine listening to an audiobook and having to understand and catch everything, every part of the story, even the stuff that you have to think about. WHILE writing your own story? I must be stupid because I could never do that
I watched it 4 times already, as well as Black Hole farming. I can't stop thinking about these topics. Glad that I found this channel.
Welcome, I'm glad you enjoyed them :)
you and me both
Binchewatched the whole channel and doing 2-3 videos as a rerun every week or so for months. But this video is special. Probably my 6th or 7th time and it is still amazing.
I liked the part when you talked about a mind born out of pure chaos, it made me feel oddly hopeful to think that even in a universe utterly different to ours life (and even more importantly, intelligence) could go on. Awesome material for sci-fi too!
I know I'm three years late. But I was on hallucinogens when I listened to this and it was the single best thing I ever experienced.
Just a little correction on the Boltzmann brains part: for a structure like that to form, the particles and energy required have to be present in the same area of space and time. In the heat death stage of our universe, it couldn't actually form, since every particle would be outside of each other's cosmological horizon and couldn't meet up to allow a dip in the local entropy.
You're talking about the hypothetical Big Rip, which can't happen in our universe.
Quantum tunnelling
when telling a joke takes a million million years
It takes another million million years to look around and see that no one is laughing.
I see you shivering with antici-....
It takes me a million years in 2019, let alone the future.
knock knock..
@@interestingiftrue8668 who's there
One thing I've learned from watching your videos: The speed of light is *too slow* - we need a loophole to get around that limitation if we ever want to explore the universe at a reasonable pace.
Exactly. It's way too slow.
*insert Space Balls reference*
Greased dark speed FTW. May the Eebs be free!
I'm pretty sure we'll invent hypersleep way before we invent Alcubierre drives.
+mesoth
Who needs hypersleep when there's SO MUCH TO DO, SO MUCH TO SEE
What are a few centuries to an immortal traveler of the stars? Especially when traveling with millennia-old friends, hypersleep seems like a waste of your lifetime. Just enjoy the trip!
I love how you speak! My boyfriend watches your videos before bed and I used to wake up and try to stay awake because I could tell it was you! We also love science and learning/relearning things we thought we knew.
I am such a huge nerd for you IA! Your videos are always answering my hypothetical questions, even long before I knew to ask them.
Damn you. When you brought up the Sun that brought a ter to my eye.
Honestly, this is a masterpiece. I was literally hooked within the first 30 seconds. I may be 27, and my dad may be 62 but he grew up with Isaac Asimov and Arthur C. Clarke. Hell I even had a book on the moon written by Isaac Asimov (it was actually really fuckin cool when I was a kid. Still is!) he's really into Mil-scifi (Look up the Hammer Slammer series) and fantasy so yeah. But what you bring to the table in this video absolutely blew my mind! I loved every single second of this video and my time was well spent. I've learned a lot from this adventure and I am pleased to inform you that I have subscribed and will continue to journey further in my adventure! ❤️🤘 Continue your incredible content and may you have many wonderful days!
Also just want to add that I grew up with DnD, Forgotten Realms novels, and Dragon Lance novels. May not be sci-fi but technically it is based on the lore if you've read the series. If not then I suggest you find your local library (support your local business ❤️) and read you won't be disappointed ❤️ So for all you beautiful people.. May you all have wonderful days 🤘❤️
Every time you discuss these concepts, it makes me think of Lovecraft. "That is not dead which can eternal lie, and with strange aeons even death may die."
Just wanted to say I really respect and appreciate the cc setting reminder. Not because of your humbleness, which itself is commendable, but because of the fact i learn better by reading and hearing concurrently when learning or being attentive and actively listening to the knowledge dispense ;)
But srsly it was a great save , synchronically , as my buddy’s 1 year old wont stop whining and screaming my name. The headphones cannot alone save me !!
Respect sir just like everyone else here , thank you for your dedication and passion you share with the world!
And that is where the humbleness makes me smile and appreciate your sense of humor (wascally wabbit!) just all around you genuinely seem like a nice person.
It is very refreshing and down to earth feeling. Sorry if any of this came off weird. Not intended.
Issac, I'm writing all of this down on a Post-It note to preserve it for future generations.
"Okay little Post-It note, all you have to do is survive for 10^10^76 years or so and humanity will be able to live on. You got this little buddy! You got this!"
Bob Miller
Your gonna loose that post-it. Nobody will find it. Damn it
+Linda Holden Nobody needs to find it.
So, Great Attractor is actually very early universe civilisation hoarding matter for the post stellar universe?
Now that is a tempting premise. Haven't actually heard of it in any works yet either.
They must either really care about their children (or the alien equivalent) or have really long life spans. An interesting possibility though.
Check out Xeelee Sequence, it touches on the great attractor as a massive alien construct that is used to travel to other universes
no it's your mom XDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
ha, very funny
Red dwarf stars: We have the longest-lived stars.
Iron stars coming from the future: Are we a joke to you?
“We don’t want you to regard this as a magic wand. Anyway, you might be able to power a galactic scale civilization for eternity with an amount of mass energy that could be stuffed in your pocket.”
"It gave us life back at the dawn of time and we will return to it now, at the end of time,
to let it give us life once more."
That was simply beautiful. :')
Leon de Rozan I agree.
I couldn't help but experience a manly tear when he said it. :')
After a number of years that is greater than the number of atoms in the _entire observable universe_ has finally passed, we return to our roots.
Ironical, really.
Leon de Rozan and yet we'll continue to live for a near eternity after that.
Wow you got sponsored too now?! good job, man. also I liked this video for the Last Question reference. Keep up the hard work, Isaac. I look forward to your videos every Thursday.
I was wondering if I was the only one... not in this community.
Imagine you're the last one left and some random words appear in front of you saying "Winner winner chicken dinner!" and all of the sudden you hear applause while the lights turn on and you see smiling strangers everywhere around you. But you're not smiling, you're just in absolute panic and shock.
So the universe is just an elaborate game of Pubg then?
This is why I love being alive in 2020. The Goldie locks zone. Not too much knowledge that there isn't anything left to talk about and not too little info that we cant even begin to talk about these things.
Maybe a good idea is for a civ to near a BH and slow down real time, then combine that with slowing down simulated thought. They could practically live infinitely to their own perspectives.
found your channel....binge watching...can't stop
A council of few digital humans is burdened with managing the computer at the end of time. Power allocation, storage space, hardware, even the simulation itself. When the external power readings start to rise, they check and recheck but they know that their black hole is dying. The system has run out of matter. The end of all things approaches. One member, in denial for eons that there would be not only an end, but one of such resolute finality, surrenders to existential madness.
Not physical death this time, but raw, conceptual death. The _concept_ of history withers when all pen and paper and reader cease to be. The _concept_ of life dies when both body and will, yin and yang, turn into apathetic entropy. The _concept_ of reality crumbles when both the observer, and that observed, simultaneously cease to be.
Meanwhile, an entire civilization doesn't know that they've spent eons 'dying' and being 'reset' in a simulated universe to experience life and joy anew. They don't even know they're digitized life. The council scrambles to keep the secret as their one maddened comrade, in the throes of existential panic, increasingly risks making the impending doom public knowledge. Whispers emerge among the public that everything they know is a lie, and worse, that it's all coming to an end. The unseen death, the unfelt death, is the best death, but who could ever pull the plug on the universe? And what if there's a chance, however slim, to live for even longer?
Tiny sparks in a tiny box, a faint whisper that weakly echoes its self-made mirror of gravity. The last men boldly stare into the howling deep and challenge space-time itself to dare to forget what it made. In the end, the only weight heavy enough to sink the good that was creation, is slowly, methodically, taking it away in full view of itself. Total. Clinical. Erasure.
The flame that outlived the stars themselves... is going out.
... and righly so! All-encompassing cessation is the only thing keeping me vaguely sane.
It's hard enough dealing with the threat of reincarnation ("souls" aside). I don't have a perfect life, but I'm profoundly grateful that I'm not experiencing the lives of most of the other 99.99999% of organisms on the planet. Some minor examples: zombified ants whose brains are rewired by flukes; insects paralysed and used as vivisected incubators for hatching spiders. Millions of farmed pigs whose despair is so complete that they break their teeth trying to bite through their cages. Billions of hopelessly injured creatures doomed to a slow and painful death. Trillions of lifeforms dancing on the razor's edge of bleak survival, under total command of the nonconsensual reflex to perpetuate it.
That nonsense _really_ has to stop. It's not just a senseless and cruel tyranny, it's outright psychopathy. It's almost as depraved as peeing on a rug that really ties a room together.
You say the best death is the unfelt death. Agreed-the same is true for life, in almost all cases. I'm all for the living and extension of lives without egregious suffering, but they comprise a vanishingly small amount of life on Earth and, by extension (assuming biospheres with quadrillions of nervous systems aren't freakishly rare hellscapes), the cosmos. So, the end of life gets my vote as the singular compassionate transition.
(Even better, if unrealistic: plants. Everywhere! TRANSGALACTIC FIELDS OF... POPPIES!!!)
Why don't they send out some ships to scoop up some gas and dust remnant to power indefinitely
@@ultimateanthony1883 it's all withered thanks to entropy
You basically just described an office where the server is going down and the IT department aka the council is trying keep everyone in the dark XD
I wanna read that book
Its a rather old video, but i feel compelled to leave a comment. Thank you! I've had your videos in my Watch Later list for a while and now im just hooked. This is so awe-inspiring, it almost seems unreal.
Thank you for what you do! You're an amazing story teller!
32:49 “They can keep going; they can continue to exist…” This line stands out to me each time I watch this every few months.
By my 10^36th birthday... I want a new blackhole.
I'm sure Kek will deliver /brother
Totally underrated RUclips channel, this should have 1M+ subs.
Amazing content! Keep it up, Isaac
The last question is and always has been my favourite short story.
I am somewhat disappointed in those who would complain about perfectly understandable speech -- much better I dare say that what is commonly encountered. Thank you so much Sir Arthur for illuminating thought and stimulating discussion.
Happy Arthursday everyone!
And for every week to come; hopefully until the heat death of the universe. :-)
me too
Jason Toddman by then his videos will be released every trillionth Thursday.
What is Arthursday?
It's a mix of Isaac "Arthur" and "Thursday" which is the regular schedule for him to upload a new video.
it's awe aspiring the amount of effort and the amount of content that goes into your videos. well done
Thanks!
and he does it weekly too
ABSOLUTELY BRILLIANT!! This is the best episode there is. By far. I've heard at least 3/4 of your episodes and love them, but this one blew my mind. There are so many new ideas in here which I've never heard in my life. They're packed in so thick here that Im not sure I've been exposed to so many totally unheard of ideas since I was a kid. Thanks so much for this episode and for keeping my creativity and imagination feed with so much rich new material to consider and run through the mind machine back and forth and to grow vines of new ideas from. Excellent, excellent work man
This is my first time watching one of your videos and I can already tell that you are working really hard on correcting your speech impediment. There times when your voice wades into absolutely perfect pronunciation. As this video is three years old already I am interested to see how you are improving. I used to stutter (still do if I'm really stressed or nervous), so I know how difficult it is to correct speech impediments.
Regardless, really interesting stuff. I wish more people talked about these kinds of topics. 🙂
39:22 "Such an entity [a Boltzman brain] would not remember us, though." Given enough time a Boltzman brain would come in to being with every possible memory.
Damn right! Rock on brother!
Hi Boltzman! Hope you’re having a happy existence if you’re thinking of this!
Wouldn't that qualify as a sort of deity?
There's a thing which states as Boltzmann brains make up 99.9999999999999999% of all living things then we are more likely to be Boltzmann brains than not.
But if a Boltzmann brain can come into being with every possible memory, then that itself means that those memories are effectively useless, since there is no correlation between those memories and the real events that happened before it. Meaning that even if a Boltzmann brain came into being with memories of everything that happened prior, it would have no way of knowing that they were true.
1) Oh man Audible is working with you too?! why haven't they contacted me?
2) That quark thing is weird, ive never thought about it but it makes sense perhaps a new formation of matter zaps dark energy leaving a universe full of hydrogen gas and dark energy to slowly ramp up again?
3) What do you think about Kurzgesagt's video stating that humans will never colonize beyond the local group? some rough calculations done by me would indicate that we need only .5% the speed of light to catch up to the other nearby galaxy clusters. is there something I'm missing? did I drop a zero somewhere and its actually 50% the speed of light needed? lol
just gonna say hi Cody, so that if Isaac comments I'll be notified by Google
:) It's probably the fiction focus, I'll be happy to shoot you my contact's email if you like, and yeah the notion of the Big Rip resulting in a ton of new matter is a bit of mindscrew, particularly considering that while our observable universe came from a finite or even infinitesimal spot, the rest of the universe over the cosmological horizon might have emerged from an actual infinite space, so we could just have loclaized big bangs going off every so often. Totally destroys conservation of energy but then that's already iffy under general relativity and almost dead under Dark Energy.. I think Kurzgesagt's dropped the ball on that, we all do sometimes, but there's a speed they travel away from us at and if we can send ships faster than a given galaxy is flying away we can catch it, albeit with time to settle worlds in between and with a journey taking a really long time there is going to be a max redshift people just say 'nuts, too far' on, and I tend to figure a billion light years is probably about it. Maybe half, maybe double, but if you cna colonize any other galaxy besides our own there's no limit to the Local group.
Wow! Two of my favourite youtubers having a conversation. I didn't expect to see that. I would LOVE to see you guys colaborate in some video. Please think about it! Love your stuff!
Isaac Arthur I really appreciate how much time you take to read and comment on your audiences questions and love for videos. Thanks and keep up with the great work.
Yes audible does work much better on your channel than mine. I'm glad you got the deal; a channel like yours is well deserving of it.
I don't care about others complaining about your voice. You could read an in depth description of the chemical processes of paint drying, and I'd be fascinated.
I wouldn't Closed Caption your video of you paid me! It's awesome! It's distinguishing, you have a professional tone, with smooth timbre, and character! It's great, don't let yourself be convinced otherwise!
Maybe SETI should try to slow down their recordings of EM radiations by a trillion times if they want to listen in on alien sitcoms.
YES!!!
Too much background noise?
according to the speculation in this video, civilizations have a long, long time before they start starving for energy and slow down their computers by trillions of times.
I think the idea was that some civilizations figured that "since they are/seem to be alone in the universe" they might as well start conserving energy early on, but I agree that wouldn't make too much sense yet.
They could also reduce their time perception to increase their travel and communication speed? It would make a galaxy wide civilization coherent and able to communicate.
I love you, Isaac Arthur! After almost forty years of life you're one of the few people who can still make me wonder and awe as little kid!
Now I see why this is his most viewed video. What a mindblow. You deserve 6 * 10^38 subscribers, Isaac.
The level of brain hurt here is something like 10^99 "agony's"'
Talk about deep.
If the universe takes this long to get to it's final entropy state, the we have enough time to figure out how to reverse entropy or create artificial kügelblitz or manipulate the speed of entropy or even escape the universe
Does time even exist outside though?
it doesn't exist time is an illusion what is the substance that spaces between universes though and how permeable or transversable is it?what if the universe humans escape to is completely untenable or has completely different conditions that make it impossible to occupy or exist in?
@@morphingfaces I know.
yeah your question is interesting edin743 what would a universe in which it is impossible to impose a time space frame work on spacial experience entail?
@@morphingfaces I don't think a universe without entropy could exist, or at least it wouldn't be alike what we consider a reality
I read Azimov's short story many years ago, and still consider it to be one of the greatest short stories of all time. Having watched several of Mr. Arthur's videos by now, I can only say how impressed I am by the depth & clarity of his reasoning, and am grateful I found them. Congratulations on finding your sponsor, sir! Enjoy your coffee, you've well earned it. Thank you for all you've done.
This was the best videos of yours I’ve seen. So thought provoking and mind blowing at the same time.
Isaac, your speech "impediment" is easy to deal with and not a problem in the least, at least as far as I am concerned. I appreciate your candor and sense of humor about it. As in the case of myself and some of the ticks I have dealt with thorough life, I have learned that this is simply the best way to deal with it.
21:32 "Like squirrels hording nuts because winter is coming." House Stark says, *Winter Is Coming* !
21:57 "...it is also possible to move galaxies..." SFIA videos are the best!
24:33 "...so the million or so nearest galaxies closer than about a billion light years from us is probably all of the mass that is available to a civilization" Where else could you find a sentence like this?
33:03 "...and we're still not done yet!" But, wait, there's more!
These are some good fucking writing prompts. The last vestiges of humanity clinging to black holes and iron stars as maximum entropy draws closer.
Man, you do a GREAT job on all these.!