German Idealism: Kant, Fichte, and Schelling
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- Опубликовано: 16 июл 2024
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In this lecture I give an overview of the movement of German Idealism from Immanuel Kant and Johann Fichte to Friedrich Schelling. Special attention is given to Kant's synthetic a priori; Fichte's Ego and moral philosophy; and Schelling's naturphilosophie (philosophy of nature).
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0:00 - Introduction & Background (Bacon and Descartes)
7:16 - Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
15:10 - Johann Fichte's Science of Knowledge
31:00 - Fichte's Moral Community
35:50 - Johann von Herder and Johann von Goethe
40:56 - Friedrich Schelling's Naturphilosophie
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Paul Krause is the editor-in-chief of VoegelinView. He is a writer, classicist, and historian. He has written on the arts, culture, classics, literature, philosophy, religion, and history for numerous publications in the English-speaking world. He is the author of Finding Arcadia (2023), The Odyssey of Love (2021), and the Politics of Plato (2020); he has also contributed to The College Lecture Today (2019) and Making Sense of Diseases and Disasters (2022).
I have been watching RUclips lectures on continental philosophy for several years now. This lecture felt like a keystone that now holds it all together!!! Thank you
well put, my minor in philosophy was so scatter shot, now i'm finally filling in all the blanks
definitely supplies some missing links and fills out the picture, great contribution to 18th/19th century German philosophy , not to mention the clear contrast to the British empirical movement
He has another one on German Idealism that is 2:26:58 long. Not sure how they differ but I’m excited to watch both!! This guy is the Wade Garrett of philosophical articulation!!
Thank you for providing the context behind german idealism (something that is missing in every other youtube lecture). Makes so much sense now!
Thank you! You're most welcome. This lecture is meant to fill the gap -- academics, so guilty of talking about things without basic context for listeners. ;P
As a teacher myself, I always start out with foundations and context. Works best that way.
Great lecture. Thanks for ths.
Excellent presentation for someone staring German idealism for the first time. Thanks
This is great. I am for some reason super into this lately! thank you!
Listened to this on my 10 mile run this morning. Thank you!
Lift weights instead
more excellent stuff ! i've been forever confused about kant, and i knew next to nothing about fichte and schelling. amazing that the cultural barriers still exist in the anglo west from us to getting all this knowledge integrated and understood in our existence/academies
The West and much of the world are still caught in the thrall of Newton and Bacon.
@@thenowchurch6419 well said my friend
@@thenowchurch6419 Amen. And it makes them crazy!
@@thenowchurch6419 it’s brutal. It’s painful to witness the cognitive dissonance as they insist on violating the most fundamental law of Logic over & over again (A is not = non-A) by repeating that phenomenal experiences are the same exact thing as a clump of brain matter (or their irrelevant qualification that that brain matter IN A PROCESS OF MOTION is the same exact thing). I may as well claim that a car isn’t conscious, but a car that’s driving is conscious.
@@JoeBuck-uc3bl Exactly. Thank you. It is infantile.
"Humans are exceptional because they *are* the exception
I love that
Please do an episode on aesthetics and all of these paintings that you select in your videos. I want them. Do you have a list of these works of art? I feel selfish asking but please indulge us.
Really great explanation. Thank you!
Thank you for this
Thank you! Getting a grip on all this mental squandering with the exception of Kant has me appreciating the genius of Shopenhauer.
Amazing work ! Thank you for this !
I would just like to say that videos like this let me forget everything bad about today's internet, and most of it is abhorrently bad.
But still, by helping me and others understand stuff like this more deeply through videos like this, it's classification as a tool of enlightenment is justified, i think. I can't imagine the immense struggle of digging into difficult texts that i would have to do without the help of you and others to explain it to me, if i would get it at all.
I am deeply grateful! Thank you!
How very kind of you to say this; thank you. It's people like you who I had in mind when I do, and or post, these lectures or short talks. As someone who has been guided through difficult texts and thinkers as a philo student, and therefore come to possess the tools to be able to grasp and delve into the depth of philosophical texts, I am trying to help those who are also wrestling with these themes, thinkers, or texts, and make them accessible to the public.
Cheers!
Beautiful!
Thank you.
Excellent, really excellent.
very good
i love your videos!!
I hope you find them helpful and useful, that's what they're for!
Good job mate
This guy is good! He’s REAL good!!!
(Like Dalton from Roadhouse)
Could the I => not I => absolute I process be equated with the Heroes Journey as Campbell presents it ?
I think so; in fact, I have a chapter on religious symbolism and archetypes, drawing on Campbell, and why the psyche gravitates to such stories in a book currently under reader review. We cannot forget, though I didn't mention it in the talk, the German Romantics were avid readers of myths. It's true especially of Hegel, whose Phenomenology mirrors the descent into hell, ascent, and arrival to "heaven"; something people who are not well versed in classical poetry, religious poetry, and theology, tend to miss.
@@PaulJosephKrause first off thank you very much for your reply! Im glad this idea was thought by another and one more versed in philosophy than me :D (btw great video I have yet to finish it cause I want to digest it correctly).
Do you have a date for the release of your book ? I would love to read it! Im an amateur writter and have been thinking of writting a book (studying German Idealism is part of the research I am doing for it) about the Vedic concept of Tat Ekam and how it relates to other sistems of thought, so the more I can read about it the better.
I have yet to read or study Hegel but with the information you provided about his 'symbolic approach' (if I can say it like that) to phenomenology and knowledge about myths makes me want to read it more. Would be curios to see how it could relate to the journey of Rintrah in Blake's Marriage of Heaven and Hell.
@@dwarvendefender Thank you for your kind words, I'm happy that this lecture has proved useful to you - it's one of the reason I sharpened it up and uploaded it. The German Idealists (Fichte and Schelling especially) tend to be glossed over very quickly though they are incredibly insightful and important. (I'm something of a disciple of Hamann, Herder, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, etc.)
I do not have a release date; our editor knows that information and he's providing updates as it goes. I was just a contributor to the chapter on religion and pedagogy (I also hold a M.A. in religious studies and theology from Yale) so wrote on the concept of narrative and persona immersion and how religious literature, embodying the Hero's Journey and other common literary structures, make it ideal for continued oral/pedagogical perseverance if we concentrate on the literary aspects (which I find the most interesting). Though I'd anticipate, given his last remarks, it won't come out until late 2019 or early 2020.
I would recommend Glenn Magee's "Hegel and the Hermetic Tradition" to accompany your studies with Hegel especially in relation to your project of Tat Ekam.
Thank you Paul Joseph. Is there any possibility that you might situate these three thinkers within a broader context, say that of 'German Romanticism'?
Yes, Fichte and Schelling especially; "Idealism" and "Romanticism" are sometimes interchangeable when dealing with post-Kantian Germans from ca. 1790-1820s.
My head just exploded!
🔥🔥🔥
Info on the painting
I and not-I. Sound like a prefiguration of Freud's system of the development of the ego. Not that I like Freud even though I believe he is about a sixth cousin to me. Now I'm checking out at about 28:00. It takes a long time to learn this stuff.
You'd be right. Freud drew on his predecessors to some extent.
Kant has a point insofar as our perceptions are limited by our inherent apparatus, categories of thought, space and time etc., but actually projecting reality seems a bit much. Why not just project the noumena? I like that you question Harris and Dawkins, especially Harris, not a fan myself. Gonna listen to all your content. Thought provoking indeed.
@14:00
this topic is so f***ing complicated, I wouldn't be surprised if they're all wrong lol
My God this is gorgeous! Hegel is my favourite philosopher, but I didn't know much about Fichte and Schelling (other than being German Idealists who influenced Hegel). I liked how Fichte appeared here to be more existentialist than Hegel is usually presented (matter of ego and the relation with the other instead of conceptual paradigms and logic), but I LOVED Schelling's connection of the dialectic of conscious realization to nature and love! This embodiment is quite Kierkegaardian to my taste!
I find Fichte's sort of argument for free will very unconvincing.
What is the name of the last painting?
Twilight in the Wilderness by Frederic Church.
@@PaulJosephKrause Thanks!
Would have loved an inclusion of Hegel - otherwise really helpful thanks
It would have been nice to have had Hegel in this too, but time would not allow it. I have a half hour introduction to Hegel in my videos though. You can think of that as an add-on because it follows the same thread of themes we covered in this talk.
Cheers!
@@PaulJosephKrause great ill take a look at your other videos - as for literature, i've picked up German Philosophy 1760-1860 by Pinkard and have Transcendental Idealism to read also, but is there any secondary texts regarding movements following from the post Kantians e.g. Nietzsche, Heidegger & Existentialism, etc.? Many thanks again
@@inco9943 I would recommend Karl Lowith's "From Hegel to Nietzsche" and Vittorio Hosle's "A Short History of German Philosophy" (it has chapters on Hegel, the post-Hegelians, Nietzsche and Heidegger; the middle to late chapters would be useful to you). As for existentialism William Barrett's "Irrational Man" is a bit dated but a very useful introduction that provides the historical context and then has dedicated chapters on Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Sartre. Those works should help you when you go through any primary reading.
@@PaulJosephKrause Great thanks so much
I like Shelling. He sounds akin to the American Transcendentalists. Am I wrong?
Well... Don't ask the actual philosopher this kind of question! :P But you're right to see similarities. American Transcendentalism has some similarities with German Romanticism & Idealism, Schelling is definitely the closest to the later American Transcendentalists like Emerson. The Transcendentalists, however, were actually more directly influenced by men like Herder, Schleiermacher, and Kant by way of Carlyle and Coleridge. The American Transcendentalists didn't really read the Germans, they relied on the interpretations of English Romantics. Had they read Schelling, they probably would have found a kindred spirit.
@@PaulJosephKrause Thanks for the response. I’ll keep it in mind as I check out The Transcendentalists via the great courses dvd I have. Have I actually heard somewhere that philosophy is a waste of time? The history of ideas is the best study people could ever endeavor to undertake. Especially now with so many truth claims and government propaganda. Anyway, good content!
The new Atlantis
i think this is as reductive a view of GI as empiricists are about metaphysics :P
Do you care to elaborate?
@@thenowchurch6419
Yes please. I, too, would appreciate some justifying elaboration.
I am definitely in the people are objects camp. The mind, and conscience is simply the complicated interaction of atoms/neurons. They are programmed to favor certain ways to fire based on experiences/environment I dont think there is any better explanation. I am a materialist/reductionist. What makes a human different than a cat? More complex brain. At a certain level of complexity consciousness forms.
That's all well and good, the point of opposition isn't that consciousness needs a material basis but rather that, is this new emergent world of thought which emerges from the material basis completely bound to it or reducible to it ? That is, is the thinking subject really free from its mechanistic causal basis ?
@@the_reality_of_the_virtual3212 In addition to that, we also need to ask whether consciousness which emerges in humans is a return to a fundamental field of consciousness, which supports the universe as we know it.
Is human consciousness the offspring of a macro-cosmic consciousness?
To know of the universe is ONLY possible through our consciousness and as such consciousness is fundamental to our existence.
Who or what is the teleological force which programs the neurons and atoms to produce human consciousness?
Is that not a form of consciousness?
Wild West, "a materialist/reductionist..."
Have you looked into the perplexities of quantum physics. Matter is a minor manifestation of the ground of being..
reddit moment
German idealism is rooted in the natural human need for a glorified collective history and Germans, being the held borderlands of the recessively genetic Northmen extremely imperiled by southern migration, chose their history to be rooted and evidenced in their genetics. The ideal is a long arm back to the source of meaning, the first tribes that braved the cold of the North, year after year for a million years. This idealism will be completed when people of recessive genetics, being tempered by the fair goddess of nature, finally invent from their liberated genepools an entirely new species... change my mind.
What about trump doe?
I question the choice to cite critics of Harris, Dawkins and Dennett who mischaracterise them as "nothing but" reductionists.
Setting that aside, however, thank you, it was enjoyable.
It makes me wonder how valuable Schelling would have been had he not been tainted by christianity.
Unnecessary to straw man Sam Harris etc. it does not add anything to your presentation.
I like bacon ... with eggs. pretentios fools. Read about genetic memories and know that without the one who created all, life becomes just a round of pointless Trucks
Thank you.