Does This 200-year Old Invention Capture Lightning in a Bottle?
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- Опубликовано: 18 мар 2023
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How did we first discover electricity? In this video, we build the early device that first helped us harness and understand this powerful force: the electrostatic generator!
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Love your video! If I want to do project like you, what would be your go to project for a beginner?
After electricity, gasoline. The internal combustion engine. Air planes? Can wait to see what's next. Keep it up
Talk about catching lightning in a jar!
Hi there...just a suggestion... why not hammer out some sleeve/tubes into your spindle holes ... then it metal on metal and hopefully more reasonably round.... then just apply oil....👍👍 it's what we used before bearings were invented ...soft metal sleaves...👍
dude, u need to connect the outside of the jar to ground, then disconnect it from ground when u wanna do the discharge.
Huge leap ahead in terms of technology but also Andy's craftsmanship has improved by leaps and bounds over the years. Really impressive work
Personally i dont really see it as a big jump in technology, its a really important discovery, but completely useless technology, not really a leap seeing as anyone could have discovered this even thousands of years prior and have had it go absolutely nowhere, the big technological leap is discovering how to use it practically
yeah, not as half-assed as his earlier products, still I think there is a mindset issue that prevents him to do things properly
The only reason it looks as good as it does is the factory cut boards, professionally shaped glass, and the factory made tools.
If _he_ had attempted it, with tools he made, it would look just as rickety as his first attempts at anything.
@@kiyosenl.3889 That's kind of the reason we never pressured it until it became apparent that steam was useful for moving mine carts. We've been flirting with steam and turbine power for 2000 years, and finally pulled the trigger in the late 1700s.
He still lacks a lot of precision and refinement for some things to work properly.
I would humbly suggest, the wobble in your device is preventing charge build-up, also etching the glass with an acidic solution will allow better glue adhesion.
Ooh you’ve done it now, this guy hates valid criticisms and friendly advice😬
@@austinbevis4266 he is always trying to improve and looks for his own flaws?
Sodium hydroxide will do it. HF is a little nasty and hard to get
@@dylancool not from fans he’s not
Sand paper would do the job. Back then i don't think they knew fluoridric acid. Anyway, a really concentrate NaOH solution also dissolves glass.
Probably one of the more underappreciated or unknown parts of your influence is not only paying a craftspeople for their work but also showing off many wonderful artisans and small businesses who craft by hand.
Keep it up, Andy!
In the examples shown the fabric/leather was almost always in contact with the glass and the comb was a consistent distance as well. Your machine has a lot of wobble to it, meaning it's not always in contact with the fabric so you only get a little charge each rotation, similarly the cylinder is often far too far away from the comb to actually transfer the electrons (at least until the voltage gets higher), that's why you have to spin it so much more.
i am also like 99% sure his leiden jars were barely functional (if at all) as well. the metal rod did not properly contact the inner foil nor was the outer foil connected to ground (or rather the felt) and on the water filled one you are supposed to fill the inside with saturated saline and wrap the outside in foil, or actually you can also place your jar into a second slightly bigger jar also filled with saline and just stick your contacts into the saltwater. the actually important part of the leiden jar is that the glass creates a thin insulator between two conductive materials holding opposing charges. saltwater is just a convenient way of having something conductive as close as possible to the glass so that the gap between the two conductors is as small as possible.
the glass serves as dielectric aka insulator to allow the two "plates" of the capacitor to get closer while preventing a discharge between them. you can build a capacitor out of two metal plates and air but its maximum voltage will be limited by the air becoming ionized between them to the point where a spark strikes and the opposing charges get equalized.
Just awesome to see everything in this video. The trip to the museum, a visit to the glassworks and I especially enjoyed the woodworking montage. It really shows how much you improved over the years and how polished the results can be.
That's exactly what I thought too! It's a much more polished finish, feels like we've truly hit a new era
Well yeah, when you have experts doing part of the build, those parts are going to come out nicer.
I swear glassblowing is basically magic. It's wild that it acts like a weird jelly and then as soon as it cools it's a solid.
As someone who used to blow glass, if you ever get the chance to try it, you should. It's different than anything else I've ever done and was so incredibly satisfying when a project came together.
I think technically it is still liquid, we just can't see it move because it is so slow.
@@Ravenrocalexno that’s just a myth.
@@dakotareid1566 I looked it up and it is in a position between liquid and solid.
@@Ravenrocalex source
I liked this episode. Really good to see the team colaborate with the glass blowing workshop, and the museum. Also, Andy's woodworking is looking so well polished compared to the start of the series. Such a great evolution.
Great video. You may want to consider bearings in your moving assemblies. You can do that with either babbitt or bronze. That could also go with the history of precision, which is essential for everything we have today.
yes precision is the key to advancement im glad some else is saying this
Indeed. In this case what’s lacking is concentricity between the axle and the glass cylinder.
To me, one of the most interesting quirks of history is that, though the materials and techniques required have existed since antiquity, the principle of electromagnetic induction (that passing a wire through a magnetic field produces a current) was not discovered until 1831. It would be quite easy to imagine an alternate history where this was discovered by the ancient Greeks, Romans, or Chinese, and the step from an electric generator to an electric motor is trivial. Perhaps the biggest limitation would have been the lack of supply of metal for wire?
Very true, and an interesting but plausible alternate history (e-chariots anyone?!).. So much of technology is knowing what to use and how. Another commenter here made me realize that once HTME's unlocked batteries (next ep I'm guessing!) there would technically be no reason they couldn't do telegraph or early radio with those materials available, although they're currently a fair bit earlier than that point in history.
after you discover iron and learns to work work with it, there is nothing stopping you from making generators. it would indeed be interesting to imagine people using electricity long before things like steam engines and complex machining.
Well they wouldn't be able to do a lot with the knowledge since they lacked the materials to make effective electric motors, also they didn't have the math to really understand electricity since that requires linear algebra.
He has metal,he has salt,he has glass, he just needs a vaccum and he is off to radio
He rushesd a bit from just building a treadle lathe to glassworking
Shouldnt need one for a trench/foxhole radio device should be able to make it right now
He has fool's gold. He can make one now. Or by using an anodized/rusted razor blade.
Technically, just needs liquid mercury for making a vacuum
@@pineberry212 So you also seen Mr. Eletric Bucket (Cody's Lab) videos huh?
Amazing video. This gives me hope that eventually HTME will consider looking into the RF side of electricity and try out a crystal radio- it’s the very foundation of modern communications and so easy to build!
A basic trench radio would also be a pretty good place to start.
I fell like this video is just a great culmination of everything this channel has done and it shows all of the tools and materials he has "discovered" very nicely. Watching this as an electrical engineer is just reinspiring. Cant wait to see you try and recreate the first radio AKA the spark gap radio with one of these jars lol!
Agreed! It's going to be great to see HTME head into the electrical era.
Thinking about it, there's not much more that would need to be unlocked to do early radio; copper for wire & coils, oil & paper for insulation in an induction coil, iron for the coil cores and the filings in a coherer.
Telegraph would be a great stepping stone towards that too - only thing not unlocked so far would be a voltaic cell and it looks like that's next!
More importantly it also shows Andy's willingness to admit that he can't do everything at a professional level himself with the glass, and like our ancestors of yore, turns to professionals in their fields for more expert work (though he's no slouch in the crafting department himself, he's more a jack of trades, able to do some of many fields).
The comb needs to be a consistent distance from the jar. I think that would help. It just means that the spindle isn't centered and the jar isn't perfectly round. You might be able to fix it by making the comb hang rested against the jar, with a spacer (wood?) that leaves only the smallest distance between the collecting jar and the comb. That way the imperfectly round glass jar still works.
I had the same idea. And use the same setup for the fabric. That would keep the fabric against the jar and the brass comb a consistent distance away regardless of wobbly jars.
I'm starting to get the impression that the newer videos are taking a lot more time and resources than older videos did, just because they require so much more with more modern tech. Maybe it would be a good idea to start doing them as in multipart series?
Your metal and wood work has really ramped up a couple of levels, keep going!
I've seen glassblowing before, but not one where they were explaining what they were doing. Very cool :)
One thing I love about this show, is how honest they are about the more than humble beginnings of our technology. It puts things into perspective for me.
So electricity? Make magnets and copper wire next. Build a generator and power it with a water wheel.
I like that you're allowing professionals now that you've unlocked certain aspects, like the glassblowers and blacksmith friend
We just finished covering static electricity in school, and air humidity plays a big part in it. Make sure it's not too humid where ever you are, that could make it appear non-functional.
For the Leyden jar with only water, you should try putting foil on the outside. Also salt the water. I did this and it held some crazy voltage.
Also for the Leyden jar, you want the glass to be as thin as possible, and the surface area of the foils to be large. In capacitors, the closer the two plates get the more charge is stored, however depending on the insulator, the less voltage. This is probably why the plastic one they used at the museum worked so well, because the plastic is much thinner.
The problem is the static generator not being very effective. Increasing the capacitance of the jar would make it harder to charge up.
@@KurtBlanken these two issues are not mutually exclusive. Both can be contributing to the problem. Just because one thing is wrong doesn't mean it is the only thing wrong.
@KurtBlanken At 17:25 he demonstrates that the static generator is capable of charging the Leyden jar he made. I'm sure there was a lot of cranking that was not videotaped or included in the video. The Leyden jar has a limit on how much charge it could hold, and there is a point of diminishing returns where more cranking won't increase the charge stored in the jar. After this point any static generator could continue to run without producing a noticeable increase in charge. The quality of the static generator would mostly determine how quickly you get to this point. You can increase the charge stored by using more jars, for increased surface area, or by improving the design of the jar used. I suggested one way the design of the jar could be improved to hold more charge.
This is an early version of the Van De Graph generator which are a fun science demo! They refine the process to get the biggest charge possible for impressive arcs and hair raising ability!
I think the comb might be doing a coronal discharge, and making the points sharp might help.
Awesome to see HTME uploads regularly again now! I have been subscribed for years now!
Would have been a lot easier to see in the dark but thank you for putting your blood, sweat and tears into making us more knowledgeable.
Nice, 4:52 this is the Teylers museum in Haarlem, the Netherlands. My fathers grandfather was curator in this museum. I remember my father telling that they at home jokingly referred to these Leiden jars as "grand fathers pocket batteries".
I feel there is a chance that you need your axle to be more centered so you can get the comb closer. That walnut stain looks great by the way!
just in awe of your attention to detail and how thought out that build was. You're really showing you're experience with this upload
It would be neat if you could show how early magnets were made. Iron bars aligned with the poles and being struck by a hammer impart some magnetic force to the bar. Done over multiple instances, you can get a semi strong magnet. Once you make one magnet you can make other by moving the bar in one direction over another bar, aligning poles. Once you get a couple you can make a basic generator and motor.
early magnets were found, not made, like the Lodestones. the name actually refers to the fact that they were the first compasses, it means "leading stone".
@@danilooliveira6580 They were definitely made. Look up Joseph Henry. Many were made using the method I described. The earliest dynamos utilized these methods to make their magnets. Lodestones could be used to make more magnets but what I detailed was the typical method used before Electrical Magnetizers came into prominence.
I had a bad experience with Medtronic in the 80's. I interviewed for a job as a tech writer and was eventually turned down for it. After talking to a few other failed candidates, we realized that HR was collecting everyone's suggestions for how to improve the company's documentation and docs department, and then they used all of that to do the work in-house based on "free advice."
Love everything about this video 🖤 the amount of improvement is stunning.
I mean, electricity wasn't exactly invented, it just kind of exists.
No it was invented! records show thunderstorms didnt exist pre-electricity 🤣
Nice! I think the lack of precision while spinning, is what caused the lower-than-expected efficiency.
Now I guess the next step would be making the glass jars yourselves, and using rollers to get very thin metal sheets.
And then to replace the laden jars with capacitors made with paper sheets and metal sheets. 4 layers, rolled together: paper sheet, input metal sheet, paper sheet, output metal sheet.
I looked at many videos of you now and I really like that you maybe not do everything by yourself but you show us how to donut and how much work it actually is.
This makes me appreciate the old old masters, engineers and scientists a lot more than before.
As we have it hard for our next step in development on any fronts from biology to engineering it was as hard for them even if we think now it is easy!
the shots in this video are so good, give the camera person a raise
All that hand sawing made me think that for your next project you should reinvent and build a table saw to make future projects easier. I bet that will be a super safe project.
Very cool to see you getting into electricity! Some basic building blocks of circuits (batteries, resistors, capacitors, inductors and vacuum tubes) are not terribly difficult to make, especially with your guys' craftsmanship. I'd love to see you build a simple circuit like a single diode AM radio receiver from scratch somewhere down the road! Looking forward to the next video as always.
This was a cool episode! So many things you had unlocked.
I wish there was a way of improving precision because I think that's where the majority of your "work" losses are coming from the inconsistencies in the rotation of the glass and the differences in the distance between the glass and the comb and reducing the efficiency of the system. the same can be said of the lathe. that being said it is overall immensely impressive you were able to get the results you have. I am not discounting the work that goes into your machines. Keep up the great work. I love the progress you're making.
its defiantly one of the biggest flaws in the show
Definitely one of the coolest and best finished things I’ve seen you build
your knowledge your skill set and resources are growing thiiiiick boiiiiii, love the vids, ty
Best thing to see on a Sunday
I think if you connected the felted wool to the earth pin of your ac wall outlet you may have more luck. Basically, the wool is going to become more positive as electrons are stripped from it. it can only become so polarized with such a small surface area to pull from. A cable up with a banana plug on one end, and an alligator clip on the other is perfect for the situation.
I got to watch your video several times. There is so much information. I was interested to see you using olive oil/bees wax mixture to preserve your wood. I use that mixture to preserve the handles on my custom landing nets.
Great video!
Electricity - what you learn will shock you!!
No
Headband, glasses with flip-down shades. This might be the most radical dude alive right now.
Tubular, man!
Is the foil you used actually the same foil you hammered out? That looked amazingly consistent!
I remember watching a documentary about this level of technology, and I seem to recall it saying that experimenters would create a vacuum in the glass cylinder to increase the amount of charge. Maybe that will help?
This man can barely cut a board, and you want him to try drawing a vacuum?
If I understand what you're saying correctly, then no, I don't believe it would change anything.
@@harms123 OK. I thought maybe it would affect its ability to generate a static charge. I admittedly don't know much about the science behind this sort of thing.
@@randomguy1769 I only know the basics of electrostatics, so maybe it does. I suppose we'll just never know lol
The voltage is stored across the glass so it doesn't really matter what the jar itself is filled with.
It might ruin the authenticity, but you could throw some bronze bushings in the holes to extend the lifetime of the wood on wood shaft and supports. Same for the lathe, if not taking an attempt at making iron/steel bushings for that.
I couldn't see it in the video but did you ground the outside of the leyden jar?
cause grounding the outside would make the inside more willing to accept charge
Wow, you just made it to the electric age! What a huge step!
love to see you upload content.
I'm loving the evolution and steady development that the technology level is getting. Also, electricity so soon? I thought that you would harness first some mechanical ways to automatize work... But electricity is great too!
The Bakken is such a local treasure
Amazing video thank you!
Thank you for this another great video! The woodworking on the piece is really impressive!!! It looks like a replica for a museum.
Looking forward to the voltaic pile video!!!
Also I'm wondering why the sticky glass does not stick to the metal plate on 6:09?
excellent as always
I think the main reason this didn’t work the best was that the fact that the needles were to big in the beginning and probably still are. It also probably didn’t help that the comb kept touching the glass.
As a science teacher: I absolutely adore this!
Best work yet
You are one of the best at what you do.
You inspire me to keep pressing on even through the hard times
Lots of cool stuff in this one! beautiful craftsmanship and fun old science facts! ha
Beautifully made
Not sure why your videos haven't been showing up in my feed, but today this one popped up! Sweet! People went through great pains for the smallest result; "oooo, we can make an electrical spark!" Prima facie, it seemed pointless, but many electrical devices now rely entirely on the discovery of this electrical property. The things we take for granted...
This guy really be prepping for the day a time machine takes him back to 1053 and he has to rebuild society from scratch
At the voltage and amperage involved (high voltage, low amperage), wood is less of an insulator and more of a resistor. It can drain the charge fairly rapidly.
Found this out when trying to build an electroscope in my teens. Using a wooden lid for my container rapidly drained the charge from the electroscope. Replacing the wood with plastic, or insulating the metal from the wood, produced much better results.
Whoa glass making is cool 🤘🏽🔥
Make sure that the outer foil of the leyden jar is connected to ground, Also old time radio tubes used a glue made from a mixture of shellac and wood flour to hold the base on
I love how everyone just brushes past the fact Ben Franklin used to electrocute turkeys basically to see what happened. The best part? In the process of trying to microwave Thanksgiving diner he zapped himself so hard he lost consciousness and learned the value of grounding himself.
For the water version of the Leyden jar you need to keep your hand around the jar to produce a difference in potential. + go in but without the - on the exterior the jar can't stock energy. The creator of the Leyden jar himself made that mistake by putting the jar on a piece of wax for nothing to happen. After multiple tries, he forgot to put down the jar and received a nasty zap after filling the jar with electricity.
Nice. You might want to make the glass jar run smoothly instead of wobbling, then you can get the combs closer and you should get a better static capture.
Now you need to make Seika's copper and magnet hydroelectric generator.
Nice work, now to the workmanship. You need to remove the glue on the glass jar and try gluing while spinning in order to get it to be more concentric while spinning. The electron distance varies too greatly per revolution to get a consistent charge and the first attempt had the comb contact the glass ( returning the charge ) a few times. If you look in a modern Van de Graaff Generator, the comb is a set distance, from the rubber band as well as offset to be on the ' leading ' side of the rotation. The same principles are here so the comb works better before the center line of the jar. Considering this was a first attempt, it is amazing and love how well the wood looks with just walnut juice, olive oil an wax.
I think the problem with your generator is that the fork and wool weren't in constant contact with the drum so you were generating electricity only during like 4 degrees of the drum's rotation.
great video!
Try these and you get better resoults:👍
I looke there and i see that the whool is not touching enought the glass ...place the sheet closer to the glass and you get better resoults (or create bigger and thicker whool sheet)( or just add a spring betwen whe wool and the frame)
And the needles are not to close to the glass ....min 2 or 3 milimeter must be betwen the glass and the needles
Wow very cool!
The next time you want to stain wood you should try vinegar & metal shavings. It takes a few days to make but works really well. Using different metals give you different colors. Lots of people use steel wool, pennies, copper etc and you will get different colors on different wood based on the tannins in the wood
Instead of gluing sheet metal to the leiden jar, what about using a chemical process to apply a coat of silver (e.g. via Tollens' reagent)?
You should try grounding the outside of the Leyden jar while charging it. Also, you should do these experiments in the dark so you could more easily see very faint static discharges.
i am immagining a leiden jar as a throwable lightning ball grenade, i know it is not the case but it would be so cool
Like catching lightning in a jar...
Capicators can blow up if you use them wrong enough.
At this rate we have about two years before Andy builds a death star.
Wtf, really strange this pops up in my algorithm right now. I’m replaying an old game, assassin’s creed: Rogue right now, and I’m helping Ben Franklin get his confiscated lightning rods back from the British templars. Wild
HTME Let's GOOO!
Andy , can you please do a video about your discipline and determination? You have more than everyone else
I thought you would try capturing some lightning out there. LOL.
Amazing !
YEEEE we reached the point
The glass blowing lady is very cool
Hey man, next time you need to notch out wood like that, you should make a bunch more relief cuts, about 1/4- 1/2 inch apart. Then use the chisel to break the strips out.
Watching Glass being made, I could watch for ages
I’d love to see him reattempt the suit video with his new skills.
Imagine how confused future civilization would be finding your workshop
can't wait to see you built a vacuum tube computer
Check out a water drop static generator. Could be possible to build with older technology.
Is this part of the Reset series? It seems like more and more of the projects are using modern tools and materials.
I wonder if the nails you used to hold the wool down were causing your problems with wiping the electrons onto jar. Especially if the jar is at all contacting or nearly contacting the nails, it's probably acting just like another metal comb
Mayby putting longer silk so as to drape over the top of the glass a bit?