After starting with electronics at 9yo and then deciding against electronics over computer science after school in 1982, for the first time I understood how a flyback converter works. I might not use it practically, as my career time is over and the stuff is cheap to buy, but I always like the feeling that suddenly a door to a new room opens. Thanks very much for the lecture!!
Thank you for this awesome video professor. This video has been in my watch list for more than an year now. This video clears all of my doubts on flyback converter. I've been hearing from my colleagues that flyback is the toughest topology for passing EMC certification tests. Now I got the main reason. Discontinuous currents at both input and output it is!
Thank you professor for your efforts in making such clear presentations. Your channel is my “go to” when I need to understand electronics. All the best, Paul
Dear professor, I am a lab technician in IRGC’s college of electronics and the way I was taught the concept of magnetic induction in a fly back topology based on when S1 is closed and the S2 is open them the magnetic flux will be induced in the primary and when S1 open and S2 is closed the induced flux will be released via S2 into an energy storage like a capacitor. Your dot convention therefore should be opposite otherwise when the S2 closes there will be high voltage spark which will destroy the switch ,normally a diode or a FET. With love from Khorasan
@@sambenyaakov Dear professor Yaakov, I am sorry I couldn’t get back to you sooner and I feel a bit ashamed for questioning you on a small item in your fly back video especially with the epic job you have done so far. Any way using S1 and S2 is ok with me when explaining power supplies but on this occasion I would like to replace S2 ,as just a contact switch , with a diode instead in order to make it easier for me to explain. Let’s place a diode in the secondary coil circuit in such a way that the cathode faces the coil in the same direction of the current in your example. This way when primary is energised the magnetic field resulted in the secondary will induce a current flowing in the same direction which will result in a voltage in phase with input voltage, but the way I see it you are using 240v which produce peak voltage of 320v in order to produce 5 or 12 volts the other side (with higher current of course) which is not very efficient method .Where as if you change direction of diode and move the dot on the secondary to opposite side of that of primary , then when the primary is on the diode is reverse biased and energy builds up in the coils and when S1 is open magic happens and the magnetic field of B flips and reacts with secondary coil surface area of A which will cause change of flux per time which in tern causes an EMf of negative voltage. B.A= d(flux)/dt=- EMfv (Faradays law). That aside, may I say that your videos on Switch mode power supplies not only good but head and shoulder above the rest and I thank you for it and wish you long life and happiness. PS, I hope to god my boss wont see my comment admiring a lecturer working for a university which is named after a degenerate mass murderer.
Sir literally no one like you . I started watching your vedio with doubt that how current can be interrupted in a winding,and you clarified it at the very first moment.. Thank you so much sir❤❤
thank you so much for this video. It was well presented and gives me a better understanding of the operation of a flyback converter. This is exactly what I needed.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!! I am still studying your analysis VERY carefully. At the same timestamp 6:00 I see, in the bottom graph on the right side, that I2 actually goes BELOW the zero-current axis. I am assuming this is correct (but wanted to verify with you), that this actually can occur since -V2 can exceed +V1 (in magnitude) enough to fall below zero current (negative). THIS SERIES IS OF GREAT VALUE TO ME!!! I am studying it very carefully!
If it might be useful: I often use a visual ( a not entirely accurate one ) that the inductor is like a spring that is attached to a reference voltage level ( 0v to ???v), then the switch pulls the other end to some other level, then releases it, the un-'fixed end of this' 'spring' will snap back and 'flyback' in the 'opposite direction. This excursion is then fed into a diode to charge the output cap, which can be at some other Vreference. The placement and polarity of the diodes and reference voltages give you the type of conversion you are looking for.
I've been watching a few of your videos and they are excellent! Very well put together, explained, and at the end I understand not only how these circuits work but also their significance and importance. Thank you so much!
Great video. how does the turn ratio affects the resonant frequency of the coupled inductors? does a higher turn ratio increase the resonant frequency?
What matters is the inductance. You can have different turne ratio with same inductance. But there is another issue: interwinding capacitance that can be reflected from secondary. In this case, high number of secondary turns will result in higher capacitance,
Great presentation. Do you have anyone where you talk about the difference feedback technique used in practical application for the flyback converter ?
Thank you for your valuable videos ! I saw many videos on SMPS design but all were just book concept. I was looking something about practical designing and my search ended here...
Lol thanks, Thank you for your transformer lectures, they helped me a lot. I translated your formulas using a N:1 instead of 1:N. Designing a step down offline switcher. Fractional turns ratio seemed unconventional to me. :) Trying it out with Spice
At 8:00 I was initially confused as to why no current would flow in the secondary since I was thinking of the inductor as a passive component. If you see it as a voltage source instead until the switch on the primary side is opened, the current flow makes a lot more sense.
With two secondary windings, is the voltage reflected back to the input FET doubled vs one secondary winding? (Assuming both secondary windings same no of turns etc) So Vin' = Vin +2 (vsec/N)?
The total reflected voltage is related to the flux (there only one core flux) and the voltage of each winding ( either forced or induced) is n*d(phi)/dt
Not so. Following the transition, the core is determining the direction of current . If before the switching the current was flowing into the dot so will be after the transition.
Dear Sir. I understand how to calculate a flyback power supply. I also understand how to analyze most of this type of power supply. However, a doubt still persists and I would be grateful if you could clarify it for me. How the equivalent circuit of the switched part of the transformer would look, considering the frequency. How to analyze the pulsating current waveform in the form of a straight line with negative slope in the secondary? Shall I regard it as a current source with a pole situated at 1/10 of the switching frequency? I would be grateful for your assistance. Thanks.
Thank you sir, It is worth attending. What ever you have explained it ,i got it. I have a doubt, TV flyback osc frequency is 15625Hz (Tsw time is 64e-6) 52e-6 is duty(81%) so it is working as a boost converter. I have followed several schematic, i am not getting "where is the reflection voltage and which one part is the reflection voltage schematic and snubber capacitor? If you kindly inform me, I will be happy. So i hope you will response me. thanks.....
@@sambenyaakov I think he/she is referring to minute 13:15 in which you said that there would be a voltage across the switch S due to the turn ratio between the primary and secondary coil
Hello sir. I am trying to design flyback transformer in CCM mode. But I don't know how to make initial guess for the duty cycle. V_in=390V, V_out=12V, P_out= 12W, f_sw=132kHz.
Only just watched the video. His solid arrows are correct. His handwritten arrow at the bottom is in the wrong direction so you are not wrong. After two years I am sure you will have figured it out but it may help someone else.
Hi Professor, On the slide at 7:28, the two lines you have at the bottom referring to the magnitudes of the peak currents: is the bottom line incorrect (because I believe that the top line is correct)? Do you mean that Ipk1/n = Ipk2?
Yes, You are correct. The bottom line is in error. But then, I could have said that I did it on purpose to see who is really paying attention to the contents of the slides (-: Thank you for pointing this out.I hope people will see your comment.
@@parametrikaarquitectos960 30kV is bit high for a flyback stage. You might need a second, perhaps spark or resonant based stage. Look up circuits that are used for igniting Xenon lamps.
Thank you for this demonstration , i have a little question for you, do you know why we move towards a full bridge topology when we increase the power, (Voltage and current contraints on active components for both topologies are the same ? Is'nt it ? )
Awesome Video, explaining principle, working as well as uses. What more can you ask for? Sir, if possible do a video on reverse recovery characteristic..
What if the load is removed and no current is flowing through the secondary while the primary switch is still switching. Will that cause the inductor to saturate since flux is increasing every cycle?
I have a question professor. Let's say instead of a single diode we have a full-bridge rectifier at the output. How could you explain such a circuitry, I was surprised to see almost nothing change wen replacing the diode with a bridge-rectifier. In such a case is only thing happens that with the help of PWM signal DC voltage kinda turns into AC and then by the turns ratio of the transformer the voltage steps up(or down) at the output? This is how I explain that circuit. Is that true you think?
Hello Mr Ben-Yaakov, Thank you for the lecture. I noticed that on the art of electronics book by Paul Horowitz, the Buck-boost topology that you showed is called the inverting converter, the buck boost on the other have a positive polarity output. could you please clarify this subject?
The circuit that I show(with a diode) is generally referred to as Buck-Boost, The non inverting version requires 4 transistors, also called Buck-Boost. Google buck-boost and see. This could be of interst? ruclips.net/video/zxxEHAp6jBc/видео.html
Hello Mr Ben-Yaakov. There is something that confuses me. Let's say that our transformer's turn ratio is 2:1. At the moment when the switch turns off, primary side's current (let's say 1A) will disappear instantly in ideal conditions and secondary side's current will be 2A due to conservation of energy. 0.5*L1*1^2=0.5*(L1/4)*2^2 where L2=L1/4. That's ok but at that moment how does the magnetic flux remain the same? Flux1=L1*I1=L1*1=L1. Flux2=L2*I2=(L1/4)*2=L1/2 According to this, energy in the core remained the same but magnetic flux abruptly changed when the switch turned off. Please enlighten me.
hi professor , i have designed a flyback converter in CCM mode, but at no load , output voltage is 60 volts instead of (designed)15 volts. at designed load it is giving 15 volts. I have used RCD snubbers. And converter is drawing 1 amper current from 30 volts input source at no load. will you suggest any solution?
You apparently have high parasitic oscillation. Try to rewind the transformer for lower leakage add snubbers. Using a controller that goes into burst mode will help.
currently i am operating it in open loop with 555 timer to switch the mosfet, i have used RCD snubbers already, i think i have to use a controller IC with feedback mechanism.
Here they are😃😃 ruclips.net/video/laHN4Xn59lI/видео.html ruclips.net/video/ySC-SvoQa3U/видео.html I recommend you scan my RUclips channel for othe videos See ruclips.net/video/nH5P7AezGW0/видео.html
Thank you for this, Prof. Sam. I would like to point out, though, that I believe the dot notation for the transformers was misinterpreted. As far as I know the dot marks the positive reference of the voltage in the winding, by convention [1]. This means, that the current shall flow from the positive reference towards the negative one, as per convention, as well [2] [3]. Thus, I believe the diagram at minute 3:56 (ruclips.net/video/OXibsOzjipw/видео.html) used for the explanation may be confusing, because the real flow of the current will be on the contrary direction of i2. In the end the diagram is completely valid and the relations between voltage and current between primary and secondary are [2] [3]: V2/V1 = - N2/N1 = -1 and I2/I1 = - N1/N2 = -1 So, I just wanted to bring awareness that it may be misleading and one may think the current will flow in the direction of I2 when in fact flows in the opposite direction. References: [1] - circuitdigest.com/article/understanding-dot-convention-in-transformers [2] - slideplayer.com/slide/5922251/19/images/62/Voltage+Polarity+in+an+Ideal+Transformer.jpg [3] - slideplayer.com/slide/10877632/39/images/8/Dot+Convention+for+Ideal+Transformers.jpg Thank you!
Hi Andre, thanks for sharing your doubts. At first, when seeing that you brought some references I thought you are bringing in Faraday or Maxwell (at least) , but then it turned out that these are internet postings😊. As it turns out, they are OK but I am afraid that you missed the point that my video is about COUPLED INDUCTORS and not a TRANSFORMERS. There is a major difference between them. In a transformer, at any given instance: Pin=Pout. Not so in a coupled inductors (in general, although it may function as a transformer too). Please watch again the video which explains the workings of a coupled inductor in connection with the Flyback converter. There are also other relevant videos in my RUclips channel "sam ben yaakov".
Hi thanks for your response. I was referring to the beginning of the video, forgot to mention it. There you said that there is no energy stored in the core of a transformer, but the field of the input remains the same as in the coupled inductor with the secondary not connected. Except that the primary field of the transformer is opposed by the field from the secondary according to lenz' law. I think there's still energy stored as 2 repelling fields, but not usable? Was also wondering this. Would it be possible to reroute the opposing field caused by the secondary to a third coil instead to the primary,,, which 3rd coil is wound opposite to the secondary, which has a diode to prohibit a current from the primary flux, but not from the lenz flux from the secondary? Using a small dutycycle current on the primary. I'm new to power electronic, am trying to learn some of it on my own. Many thanks for the video's!
Regarding the first point, this video may clear thinks up to you. ruclips.net/video/ZfPL7TJ2vSs/видео.html If still in doubt, write to sby@bgu.ac.il AS for the second, not sure what you mean.
In my professor's notes, it says that the current in the magnetic inductance Lm of the primary winding, is increasing linearily during Ton (I agree), and it decreases during Toff (But during Toff it should be zero! The switch is open so how can a current still flow !?)
Thank you for video but i have just question about Diode when switch is ON there is no current flow through diode could professor or someone else please explain why? thank you in advance
Dr. Ben-Yaakov. Thank you for your valuable lecture. I'd like to know the Fly-Buck converter (Texas Instruments Inc.) which is similar to Fly-back converter. From Japan more.
After starting with electronics at 9yo and then deciding against electronics over computer science after school in 1982, for the first time I understood how a flyback converter works.
I might not use it practically, as my career time is over and the stuff is cheap to buy, but I always like the feeling that suddenly a door to a new room opens.
Thanks very much for the lecture!!
Thanks for sharing your thoughts. Trust me, there is no such thing as 'over'
Thank you for this awesome video professor. This video has been in my watch list for more than an year now. This video clears all of my doubts on flyback converter. I've been hearing from my colleagues that flyback is the toughest topology for passing EMC certification tests. Now I got the main reason. Discontinuous currents at both input and output it is!
Glad it was helpful!
Thank you for the lesson professor! This was really good, I wish my power electronics professor was more like you.
😊
Thank you professor for your efforts in making such clear presentations. Your channel is my “go to” when I need to understand electronics.
All the best,
Paul
😊Thanks for comment
Dear professor, I am a lab technician in IRGC’s college of electronics and the way I was taught the concept of magnetic induction in a fly back topology based on when S1 is closed and the S2 is open them the magnetic flux will be induced in the primary and when S1 open and S2 is closed the induced flux will be released via S2 into an energy storage like a capacitor. Your dot convention therefore should be opposite otherwise when the S2 closes there will be high voltage spark which will destroy the switch ,normally a diode or a FET. With love from Khorasan
Please indicate the minute of video you are referring to.
@@sambenyaakov Dear professor Yaakov, I am sorry I couldn’t get back to you sooner and I feel a bit ashamed for questioning you on a small item in your fly back video especially with the epic job you have done so far. Any way using S1 and S2 is ok with me when explaining power supplies but on this occasion I would like to replace S2 ,as just a contact switch , with a diode instead in order to make it easier for me to explain. Let’s place a diode in the secondary coil circuit in such a way that the cathode faces the coil in the same direction of the current in your example. This way when primary is energised the magnetic field resulted in the secondary will induce a current flowing in the same direction which will result in a voltage in phase with input voltage, but the way I see it you are using 240v which produce peak voltage of 320v in order to produce 5 or 12 volts the other side (with higher current of course) which is not very efficient method .Where as if you change direction of diode and move the dot on the secondary to opposite side of that of primary , then when the primary is on the diode is reverse biased and energy builds up in the coils and when S1 is open magic happens and the magnetic field of B flips and reacts with secondary coil surface area of A which will cause change of flux per time which in tern causes an EMf of negative voltage. B.A= d(flux)/dt=- EMfv (Faradays law). That aside, may I say that your videos on Switch mode power supplies not only good but head and shoulder above the rest and I thank you for it and wish you long life and happiness.
PS, I hope to god my boss wont see my comment admiring a lecturer working for a university which is named after a degenerate mass murderer.
This should help me in my interview tomorrow for a new job role as a power supply specialist, thank you for making this video! :)
Best of luck! Beat the machine: lnkd.in/efPuimEe
Thank you professor Ben-Yaakov for a very accurate explanation and an excellent lecture.
Thanks
Sir literally no one like you . I started watching your vedio with doubt that how current can be interrupted in a winding,and you clarified it at the very first moment.. Thank you so much sir❤❤
👍😊🙏
So nicely explained. Feel so blessed to be able to learn from your videos.
Thanks. Glad to hear that.
Bro you nailed it !
Respect from India
😊🙏
As you said, An intuitive explanation. Thank you very much from Spain.
Thanks😊
Best lesson on this topic I've seen.
👍😊
i was struggling with flyback transformer design, the video clear my doubt on the current flow direction on each stage. Awesome video!
Thanks for comment
Thank you very much. I had a lot of doubts about this circuit until I found your video. It was really helpful.
Thanks for comment.
thanks you so much for the lesson. i have been looking for a lesson that i can learn SMPS from and this is the best lesson i have found so far!
You're very welcome!
This is such a beautifully explained lecture. Thank you so much Sir.
Thanks
Just thank you, clear, concise, and accurate lecture!
👍🙏🙂
Excellent lecture, I only wish you had them organized in playlists. So much information in a clear concise lecture, true hero for education.
Good point. I am not sure how to that effectively. Any suggestion? Or help😊
@@sambenyaakov here is a video on how to create a RUclips playlist.
ruclips.net/video/uWDfNyj17W0/видео.html
Thanks again for the great lectures.
One playlist to all video? How will this help? One can just go to my channel
@@sambenyaakov one playlist for power electronics or one playlist for flyback, DCM mode flyback and ccm mode flyback.
@@sameqy All that you need to do: go to RUclips , in the search box type "sam ben yaakov flyback" Walla
thank you so much for this video. It was well presented and gives me a better understanding of the operation of a flyback converter. This is exactly what I needed.
👍
أشكرك وأقدر مجهودك ، تحياتي لك من تركيا .
شكرًا. من دواعي سروري
Simply Amazing thank you so much Mr.Professor.
Thanks.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!!
I am still studying your analysis VERY carefully. At the same timestamp 6:00 I see, in the bottom graph on the right side, that I2 actually goes BELOW the zero-current axis. I am assuming this is correct (but wanted to verify with you), that this actually can occur since -V2 can exceed +V1 (in magnitude) enough to fall below zero current (negative).
THIS SERIES IS OF GREAT VALUE TO ME!!! I am studying it very carefully!
thank you sir from India.. excellent video.. I learned a lot It was really helpful.
Thanks India from Israel😊
Excellent explanation your excellency!!!! Thanks a million!
😊🙏
If it might be useful: I often use a visual ( a not entirely accurate one ) that the inductor is like a spring that is attached to a reference voltage level ( 0v to ???v), then the switch pulls the other end to some other level, then releases it, the un-'fixed end of this' 'spring' will snap back and 'flyback' in the 'opposite direction. This excursion is then fed into a diode to charge the output cap, which can be at some other Vreference. The placement and polarity of the diodes and reference voltages give you the type of conversion you are looking for.
This is why the symbol of an inductor is a spring😊Yes, this is one intuitive way of visualization. Thanks for sharing.
I've been watching a few of your videos and they are excellent! Very well put together, explained, and at the end I understand not only how these circuits work but also their significance and importance. Thank you so much!
Thank you for your comment and for the time to write it. Feedbacks like your keeps me going.
Great tutorial; clear and useful explanations. Thanks a lot for the lecture.
Thanks
Thanks a lot for the generous offer of knowledge.
Thnks. I appreciate it.
Thank you from Ukraine, very helpfull. God bless you.
Thanks and greetings to our prime minister now visiting Ukraine
thank you sir. your lectures are very effective.
Thanks
Thank you so much, this really is an intuitive explanation!
Thanks
Thank you very much for your valuable lecture. Love from India!!!
🙏😊
There is so much useful information available on Prof. Ben-Yaakov’s channel! Thank you very much for posting all your videos.
Thanks😊
Nice explaination. The basic principal of Electronic Device is Regulation on Current Flow.
😊
Thank you so much for this presentation so useful
🙂🙏👍
Thank you for this professor
Thanks
Thank you professor for this clear and indepth presentation. very helpful and informative. Liked your video.
🙏🙂
It is a very good video with lot of basic things uncovered. Thank you very very much.
Thank you for comment and for taking the time to write it.
thank u so much doctor for this amazing video and i wishe u all the best on ur life
Thanks for comment 😊
Thank you professor Sam Ben-Yaakov, sir
😊
awesome lectures sir
👍🙏
Great video. how does the turn ratio affects the resonant frequency of the coupled inductors? does a higher turn ratio increase the resonant frequency?
What matters is the inductance. You can have different turne ratio with same inductance. But there is another issue: interwinding capacitance that can be reflected from secondary. In this case, high number of secondary turns will result in higher capacitance,
Great presentation. Do you have anyone where you talk about the difference feedback technique used in practical application for the flyback converter ?
Thanks. Please search my RUclips channel for 'control' or 'feedback' there are a number of videos on that.
What is the flyback advantages over forward. what type of application each one should be preferred?
Forward is generally better at higher power levels, Flyback has the advantage of multiple outputs without inductors.
Sir can you please tell us the Push-Pull Transformer design process ??
Ty very well explained.
Thanks,
Very clear and helpful, thank you!
Thanks.
It was perfectly explained. thanks for such a wonderful video.
Thanks for comment
Thank you for your valuable videos ! I saw many videos on SMPS design but all were just book concept. I was looking something about practical designing and my search ended here...
Thanks for taking the time to comment. Keeps me going.
Thaks a lot for clear explanation.
Thanks
At 6:00 at the bottom left, are these equations correct???
THANKS MUCH!
Thanks for spotting the typo. The first equation is correct. The second one should have been I2=I1/n
It may be more intuitive to choose a step down transformer in the example. (n:1, instead of 1:n)
Just set n to be smaller than 1😏
Lol thanks, Thank you for your transformer lectures, they helped me a lot.
I translated your formulas using a N:1 instead of 1:N. Designing a step down offline switcher. Fractional turns ratio seemed unconventional to me. :)
Trying it out with Spice
@@jpechacek80 👍
At 8:00 I was initially confused as to why no current would flow in the secondary since I was thinking of the inductor as a passive component. If you see it as a voltage source instead until the switch on the primary side is opened, the current flow makes a lot more sense.
👍
Thank you for a valuable lesson.
Thanks
Nice video thanks for posting and you are right flyback it came from tvs circuit
👍Thanks
Excellent Explanation !
Thank You very much !
Thanks.
Hi Prof, may I know what is difference symbol GND at your schematic diagram?
This means that they are not galvanically connected
With two secondary windings, is the voltage reflected back to the input FET doubled vs one secondary winding? (Assuming both secondary windings same no of turns etc) So Vin' = Vin +2 (vsec/N)?
The total reflected voltage is related to the flux (there only one core flux) and the voltage of each winding ( either forced or induced) is n*d(phi)/dt
thanks a lot for the video .. can i ask you what is the value of secondary voltage when the switch is off and the Vs value too ?
Which minute in video are you referring to?
Absolutely, very nice!!! Thank you
Thanks😊
About 30kv, 45 miliamp, and yes its a handhold operated device.
30kV is a bit high for a flyback stage. You may need a second stage, spark or resonant base. Look up circuits for igniting Xenon lamps.
at 5:38 minutes, the direction of current I 1 and I 2 must be different because different polarities are applied
Not so. Following the transition, the core is determining the direction of current . If before the switching the current was flowing into the dot so will be after the transition.
Dear Sir. I understand how to calculate a flyback power supply. I also understand how to analyze most of this type of power supply. However, a doubt still persists and I would be grateful if you could clarify it for me. How the equivalent circuit of the switched part of the transformer would look, considering the frequency. How to analyze the pulsating current waveform in the form of a straight line with negative slope in the secondary? Shall I regard it as a current source with a pole situated at 1/10 of the switching frequency? I would be grateful for your assistance. Thanks.
See ruclips.net/video/wgyPJn8tNCg/видео.html
I think it would be better if the arrows are marked with the appropriate designations
Good point. Will try
Thank you so much
Thanks.
can we use fly back converter to generat higer output voltage around 300v or 350v ?
Yes. Very effectively
@@sambenyaakov thank you very much
Far easier to understand the action of a Blocking oscillator IF pri current flows through the pri winding capacitance during Toff (see 14:08/20:15.)
Blocking oscillator?
Thank you professor. I thought that we dont need a clamp voltage circuit for flyback converters?
WE do need, for the leakage inductance.
Thank you sir, It is worth attending. What ever you have explained it ,i got it. I have a doubt, TV flyback osc frequency is 15625Hz (Tsw time is 64e-6) 52e-6 is duty(81%) so it is working as a boost converter. I have followed several schematic, i am not getting "where is the reflection voltage and which one part is the reflection voltage schematic and snubber capacitor? If you kindly inform me, I will be happy. So i hope you will response me. thanks.....
To which minute in video are you referring to?
@@sambenyaakov I think he/she is referring to minute 13:15 in which you said that there would be a voltage across the switch S due to the turn ratio between the primary and secondary coil
Hi,
Do you have an explanation for the reason the flyback converter uses coupled inductors instead of a transformer?
thank you!
A transformer by definition conducts at input and output at the same time and does not store energy.
@@sambenyaakov thank you!
Thank you Professor. Does the core experience a net dc excitation? The flyback converters I've seen (and made!) had gapped cores.
Yes it does but due to gap the H is lower . Search my RUclips channel for Flyback and gap. e.g. in RUclips window " sam ben-yaakov gap"
@@sambenyaakov Thank you Professor.
Hello sir. I am trying to design flyback transformer in CCM mode. But I don't know how to make initial guess for the duty cycle. V_in=390V,
V_out=12V, P_out= 12W, f_sw=132kHz.
Duty cycle depends on turns ratio which sets the maximum voltage on the switch. Start with specifying the latter.
Thank you professor
professor, I have one question
How to model the Flyback ?
See ruclips.net/video/wgyPJn8tNCg/видео.html
in 17:38, the current flow in bottom circuit of secondary side should be in other direction, am i wrong?
You are correct! Thanks for pointing this out. But, it could represent a negative current..Just kidding.
Only just watched the video. His solid arrows are correct. His handwritten arrow at the bottom is in the wrong direction so you are not wrong. After two years I am sure you will have figured it out but it may help someone else.
Hi Professor,
On the slide at 7:28, the two lines you have at the bottom referring to the magnitudes of the peak currents: is the bottom line incorrect (because I believe that the top line is correct)? Do you mean that Ipk1/n = Ipk2?
Yes, You are correct. The bottom line is in error. But then, I could have said that I did it on purpose to see who is really paying attention to the contents of the slides (-: Thank you for pointing this out.I hope people will see your comment.
my dear Professor, can I use this device for an electrostatic flocking machine?
What is the required voltage and power? are you interested in a hand held machine?
About 30kv, 45 miliamp, and yes, its a handhold operated machine.
ruclips.net/video/3sdr3Xp9er4/видео.html
@@parametrikaarquitectos960 30kV is bit high for a flyback stage. You might need a second, perhaps spark or resonant based stage. Look up circuits that are used for igniting Xenon lamps.
Thank you sir.
Thanks
Thank you for this demonstration , i have a little question for you, do you know why we move towards a full bridge topology when we increase the power, (Voltage and current contraints on active components for both topologies are the same ? Is'nt it ? )
The current IS smaller
Sir what is about current mode control and voltage mode control in flyback converters?
Have you seen: ruclips.net/video/fF-jFFOWSY4/видео.html
There are other relevant videos in my RUclips channel.
Ok sir
Awesome Video, explaining principle, working as well as uses. What more can you ask for? Sir, if possible do a video on reverse recovery characteristic..
Will try to prepare one. Thanks for comment.
What if the load is removed and no current is flowing through the secondary while the primary switch is still switching. Will that cause the inductor to saturate since flux is increasing every cycle?
Yes, and more over when the switch is off adangerous voltage may develop. This should be taken care of by the control. .
Excellent
Thanks
The energy is stored in an air gap or in distributed air gaps of the core.....
Depends on construction: single or distributed air gap (s in powder core)
Thank to you for the explaination
😊
I have a question professor. Let's say instead of a single diode we have a full-bridge rectifier at the output. How could you explain such a circuitry, I was surprised to see almost nothing change wen replacing the diode with a bridge-rectifier.
In such a case is only thing happens that with the help of PWM signal DC voltage kinda turns into AC and then by the turns ratio of the transformer the voltage steps up(or down) at the output? This is how I explain that circuit. Is that true you think?
The operatic will depend on the turn ration of coupled inductor which affects the output voltage when the transistor is ON.
Very helpful, thank you sir
Thank you for comment and for taking the time to write it.
Hello Mr Ben-Yaakov, Thank you for the lecture. I noticed that on the art of electronics book by Paul Horowitz, the Buck-boost topology that you showed is called the inverting converter, the buck boost on the other have a positive polarity output. could you please clarify this subject?
The circuit that I show(with a diode) is generally referred to as Buck-Boost, The non inverting version requires 4 transistors, also called Buck-Boost. Google buck-boost and see. This could be of interst? ruclips.net/video/zxxEHAp6jBc/видео.html
@@sambenyaakov Thank you sir.
Hello Mr Ben-Yaakov. There is something that confuses me. Let's say that our transformer's turn ratio is 2:1. At the moment when the switch turns off, primary side's current (let's say 1A) will disappear instantly in ideal conditions and secondary side's current will be 2A due to conservation of energy. 0.5*L1*1^2=0.5*(L1/4)*2^2 where L2=L1/4. That's ok but at that moment how does the magnetic flux remain the same? Flux1=L1*I1=L1*1=L1. Flux2=L2*I2=(L1/4)*2=L1/2
According to this, energy in the core remained the same but magnetic flux abruptly changed when the switch turned off. Please enlighten me.
Flux=L*nI 😊
Hi Mr. Ben-Yaakov, would you plz give some light on the usage of a spark gap in the output.
Spark gap at output? Please clarify.
Thank you
Thanks
I would appreciate it if you could please also have a lesson for Active Clamp Flyback.
Will try.
hi professor , i have designed a flyback converter in CCM mode, but at no load , output voltage is 60 volts instead of (designed)15 volts.
at designed load it is giving 15 volts.
I have used RCD snubbers. And converter is drawing 1 amper current from 30 volts input source at no load. will you suggest any solution?
You apparently have high parasitic oscillation. Try to rewind the transformer for lower leakage add snubbers. Using a controller that goes into burst mode will help.
currently i am operating it in open loop with 555 timer to switch the mosfet, i have used RCD snubbers already, i think i have to use a controller IC with feedback mechanism.
👍
where is the protection diode /snubber for the switch/transistor? ?
Here they are😃😃
ruclips.net/video/laHN4Xn59lI/видео.html
ruclips.net/video/ySC-SvoQa3U/видео.html
I recommend you scan my RUclips channel for othe videos
See
ruclips.net/video/nH5P7AezGW0/видео.html
Thank you for this, Prof. Sam. I would like to point out, though, that I believe the dot notation for the transformers was misinterpreted. As far as I know the dot marks the positive reference of the voltage in the winding, by convention [1]. This means, that the current shall flow from the positive reference towards the negative one, as per convention, as well [2] [3].
Thus, I believe the diagram at minute 3:56 (ruclips.net/video/OXibsOzjipw/видео.html) used for the explanation may be confusing, because the real flow of the current will be on the contrary direction of i2. In the end the diagram is completely valid and the relations between voltage and current between primary and secondary are [2] [3]:
V2/V1 = - N2/N1 = -1 and I2/I1 = - N1/N2 = -1
So, I just wanted to bring awareness that it may be misleading and one may think the current will flow in the direction of I2 when in fact flows in the opposite direction.
References:
[1] - circuitdigest.com/article/understanding-dot-convention-in-transformers
[2] - slideplayer.com/slide/5922251/19/images/62/Voltage+Polarity+in+an+Ideal+Transformer.jpg
[3] - slideplayer.com/slide/10877632/39/images/8/Dot+Convention+for+Ideal+Transformers.jpg
Thank you!
Hi Andre, thanks for sharing your doubts. At first, when seeing that you brought some references I thought you are bringing in Faraday or Maxwell (at least) , but then it turned out that these are internet postings😊. As it turns out, they are OK but I am afraid that you missed the point that my video is about COUPLED INDUCTORS and not a TRANSFORMERS. There is a major difference between them. In a transformer, at any given instance: Pin=Pout. Not so in a coupled inductors (in general, although it may function as a transformer too). Please watch again the video which explains the workings of a coupled inductor in connection with the Flyback converter. There are also other relevant videos in my RUclips channel "sam ben yaakov".
why flyback requires some load at all times?
Like in a Boost if the Ton does not shut down the voltage will keep rising
Thanks
can you please talk about modelling on Simulink ?
Simulink is really not my cup of tea
@@sambenyaakov thanks for replying ☺️
No energy is stored, but the fields (action & reaction fields according to Lenz'law) are there, oppose, and net zero?
HI, not sure that I follow your question. Please clarify. (Is it part of an earlier exchange?)
Hi thanks for your response.
I was referring to the beginning of the video, forgot to mention it. There you said that there is no energy stored in the core of a transformer, but the field of the input remains the same as in the coupled inductor with the secondary not connected.
Except that the primary field of the transformer is opposed by the field from the secondary according to lenz' law.
I think there's still energy stored as 2 repelling fields, but not usable?
Was also wondering this.
Would it be possible to reroute the opposing field caused by the secondary to a third coil instead to the primary,,, which 3rd coil is wound opposite to the secondary, which has a diode to prohibit a current from the primary flux, but not from the lenz flux from the secondary? Using a small dutycycle current on the primary.
I'm new to power electronic, am trying to learn some of it on my own. Many thanks for the video's!
Regarding the first point, this video may clear thinks up to you.
ruclips.net/video/ZfPL7TJ2vSs/видео.html
If still in doubt, write to sby@bgu.ac.il
AS for the second, not sure what you mean.
In my professor's notes, it says that the current in the magnetic inductance Lm of the primary winding, is increasing linearily during Ton (I agree), and it decreases during Toff (But during Toff it should be zero! The switch is open so how can a current still flow !?)
Can you please point to the slide number (or minute in video ) you are referring to?
it's the back EMF of the coil
Thank you for video but i have just question about Diode when switch is ON there is no current flow through diode could professor or someone else please explain why? thank you in advance
This is because the voltage on diode is in the reverse polarity.
Dr. Ben-Yaakov. Thank you for your valuable lecture. I'd like to know the Fly-Buck converter (Texas Instruments Inc.) which is similar to Fly-back converter. From Japan more.
Hi cxc# from Japan. Thank you for comment. Good topic. I will try to prepares a tutorial on that.