Zionism Before Herzl (1882-1896)
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- Опубликовано: 7 июн 2024
- PATREON: / samaronow
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Jeremy Shuback as Leon Pinsker:
/ @shub
Kraut as Ahad HaAm:
/ krautandtea
Maps by Omniatlas:
omniatlas.com/
Sources:
Ahad HaAm
Ten Essays on Zionism and Judaism
www.gutenberg.org/files/67667...
Neville J. Mandel
"Ottoman Policy and Restrictions on Jewish Settlement in Palestine: 1881-1908: Part I"
Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 10, No. 3
www.jstor.org/stable/4282539
Leon Pinsker
"Auto-Emancipation"
www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/...
Leon Simon
Ahad HaAm: A Biography
(out of print)
0:00 Omniatlas
1:00 Intro
1:47 Pre-Zionism (1099-1840)
5:02 Proto-Zionism (1840-1882)
8:00 Auto-Emancipation
12:56 Hovevei Zion
16:16 Abdulhamid II
19:10 The Panic Aliyah
21:12 Ahad HaAm
*NOTE:*
We’re now in a period of Jewish history that is much more well-known (at least within the tribe), and that means that I can’t mention every single important figure that you may have heard of. I’m limited primarily by (1) the need for a well-paced, narratively coherent video, which requires avoiding information that’s technically relevant but unnecessary, and (2) the amount of time I can spend on each video while keeping to a semi-monthly schedule that prevents the RUclips algorithm from burying me. This will become even more apparent in the next video, which theoretically could involve almost every public figure in the entire western world. So apologies for not mentioning The Perushim, Haim Bibas, Chaim Zvi Schneersohn, or Menahem Ussishkin.
I'm sure you will cover everything needed over time. No need to rush. Weird, RUclips is telling you just published this an hour ago but your posting here says two days ago, hope I'm not late.
Yeah, you're not. I was sharing it with my voice actors in advance before going public.
Keep up the good and wise pace for yourself. You do such good work, we want you to continue without burning out or being too pressured by YT. Another well done segment.
As long as you don't ignore the Bund, I'm good. Lot of family history with them and it often gets thrown under the bus to talk about Zionism
@@SamAronow oh good, RUclips can be strange so I check. Don't worry about your pace, one of my favorite channels, Fall of Civilizations , only posts once every 2 months. Millions of views, if you go to their channel you will see why, excellent research, stunning visuals obviously comes from old money but nice folks. The algorithm will adjust and more people will find you. You do excellent work. This video gave me a new perspective on aliyah. Thank you.
Many thanks for inviting me to be a part of this :)
Love your videos too man, thanks for helping Sam :)
if only whatifalthist was here thats all my favorite history RUclipsrs in one video :)
I'm very glad to see you guys collaborating! I imagine it will bring much new attention to Sam.
It's awesome to see you contributing to the growth of fellow history channels on RUclips.
Maybe in a year or two you can make an Illiberal Democracies sequel about Israel, as it seems the country I grew up in is rapidly changing for the worse. It is actually quite fascinating, and I believe it would make for an interesting video essay. Glass half full.
I wondered when will you show up on this channel; it always had seemed inevitable to me for some reason. I love both of your channels very very much.
What does your acknowledgment of this channel mean about your future plan of making a three part video about the history of the Jewish people? I remember reading about it in your future projects document.
28:30 He predicted 100+ years of future conflict. That's insane
If only the Israeli state listened to his warnings!!
What fascinates me about Ahad Ha’am is that a lot of his criticisms of the early Zionist movement are still applicable to the modern state of Israel. Mistreatment of the Arabs, over reliance on foreign aid and foreign investment he was a smart guy
A strange man seems to have finished the Freemasonry movement in order to know this information
8:08
In 1939 Jews were the largest ethnic group in Odessa. In 1941 there were almost none.
RISHON LEZION REPRESENT!!
Wow, what an episode. I got literal chills when you revealed Ehad Haam's name.
Sam, I really appreciate your use of video game music throughout the series. It reminds me of the times I spent binge watching Jacob Geller's channel, then learning about our shared heritage through his essay on Wolfenstein.
It also reminds me of growing up as a little kid in long island. I never thought my older brother's Zelda obsession would lead me down a long winding path to this video series, ultimately reconnecting me to my ancestors. It's wild how we can all be on the same wavelength without ever knowing one another.
I wish you could make a clip about the continuity of Jewish presence in Palestine and the attempts, even by spiritual people alone, to come and settle there. Even before Christian
Zionism, for example the Vilna Gabon’s students in 1808 from Shklov. Only you could draw a timeline connecting the Bar Kokhva revolt, the Masoretes in 10th century Tiberias, the Ramban in Acres in 13th century, Shabtay Zvi in 16th century, etc.
Vilna *Gaon*
That would be a very valuable idea, since today there is very peculiar phenomenon where most of history being taught around the world, hides all of this information when approaching the subject of the beggining of the Israeli-arab conflict and makes the students to have the wrong perception that the jews came in batches all of a sudden to the holy-land im a matter of couple of years, when this is false and in interest of fullfilling one side of the narrative.
So having a clear picture of the truth, of a constant presence of the jews there, and also telling about the presence(or lack) of other people and their quantities accross the centuries and decades telling why the land was mostly empty and why is now full of people claiming a stake, could draw a clear picture that this land was transformed an re-transformed up until de end of the XIV century where this noble jews investing in agricuture, new neighborhoods and clearing deseases from swamp areas made people of both jew and arab sides to flock the area searching for new opportunities.
I'm so excited to have finally caught up. Thanks so much for these videos!
I love it when Sam does a video that connects with little pockets of history I know.
9:08 "But it came at a significant time in the Jewish history of Europe". Notice the map of France during the time of the 1870 Franco-Prussian War, which was around the time of the Odessa riots depicted in this video. The rise of Bismark's German Empire and the subsequent taking of Alsace-Lorraine would arguably play a pivotal yet accidental role in the development of Zionism less than 30 years later.
Seems like that's exactly what he'll cover in the next episode.
Will you elaborate more on this idea @formulaone07? I’m curious to learn more
@@sportzajent i assume Sam will get around to mentioning it in one of the upcoming videos, so I prefer not to offer any spoilers. If you don't learn about this in a future video, I will try to remember to elaborate later.
So hard-hitting and prescient, that line from Ha'Am... "This sudden change has planted despotic tendencies in their hearts, as always happens to former slaves..."
I'm doing an extensive research on Zionism in these days and these videos come right in time. Many thanks!
My goodness, your work is truly incredible.
Thank you for posting
Always enjoy your videos !
A very informative look into an often misunderstood (to put it lightly) and interesting history. Great video as usual!
I enjoy your music selections
that part about how people that were oppressed oppressing others really got to me. hurt people, hurt people.
It's even in the Bible! God makes the Israelites wander in the wilderness for 40 years to prevent a country from being run by former slaves.
@@SamAronow There's another view of it is that they wandered the desert for that period of times they could build-up their numbers before they invaded another country to conquer it
Excellent job, thanks for the depth and clarity of such a succinct history
Heretical is an overstatement. One could say it was against what the gemara said, but in terms of what constitutes heresy and what doesn't, no one would classify aliyah in those terms. Otherwise all those rabbinic figures who made aliyah never would've done it.
Thank you for yet another brilliant fascinating episode.
Fantastic content as always :)
please keep making great content.
And repeat after the first iteration!
I was wondering if you can do a video on secular/non religious Jews who had taken up European ideologies like Fascism, Communism and anarchism and how they all interacted with one another in the new state of Israel.
ok very well done my dude, it's fun to learn more about the people whose names are streets in my area
OHH shit two of my favorite channels in one vid. Kraut and Sam. Didn't know that they knew each other. Happy to see that they do 👍👍👍👍😁😁
Amazing episode as always
Wow. Thank you for this information.
13:12
There is a mistake. The Moshava was called "Zamerin" (A Jewish or Samaritan name from the Second Temple period or the Mishna period which in the Aramaic-Samaritan language probably means 'growers') after the name of the area by the local Arab land tenant.
It was named "Zamerin" because it reminded the immigrants, both the name "Zmarin" and "Sameria" (Shomron in Hebrew).
Today it is called "Zichron Ya'akov".
@@chimera9818
That's exactly what I said...
@@chimera9818
What? The "E" and the "A"? That is still the same.
Well done mate, I think you’ve got it, just don’t let it become complacency.
I’m afraid i’ll lose sleep watching all your videos. I can’t stop watching!
Amazing. Thank you!
I'm less than 20% into this video and you have already upended much of what I thought I knew. This is going to have major ramifications for my personal understanding of the 20th century history of the region.
Small correction at 15:59 - Kattowitz was in Silesia, in the German Empire, not in Austria.
Today Poland.
im learning this in history class right now so this is also a perfect summery
عمل جيد 🙏 شكرا !
Sam, I love u! Thx for your videos!
3:50 this actually doesn't surprise me, in fact growing up I was always under the impression that Israel was not a religiously correct idea because of the lack of a messiah.
This impression I had I would later find out was due to the fact I grew up in Borough Park, a neighborhood in Brooklyn that is a Hasidic stronghold with the Bobovs and Satmars particularly well represented (my family were the only gentiles on the block I grew up on). It wasn't until later in life that I learned that there were religious Jews that were also Zionists.
Well there were also many Christians in Palestine too, many likely being descendants of Jews and were persecuted by Islamic Caliphates for a time as well as the crusaders but still survived to this day as Palestinian Christians like my family and we still pray in the Aramaic language. We share many of the horror the Jews went through as a people including the Ottoman genocide with our Aramaic speaking communities in southern Turkey (where Aramaic speaking Jews also lived.) Yet now israel is persecuting us today and the israeli government does not recognize the ottoman genocide of our communities.
Can't wait for the Dreyfus episode!!
You put Beirut well INSIDE Palestine and portrayed Palestine as an arid abandoned land.
My Palestinian grandfather and his brothers and sisters owned citrus farmland in Yaffa which they inherited from their parents. They sold oranges and lemons to Egypt and Syria. Many families farmed for Olives and different fruits and vegetables. Palestinian were also skilled merchants and fishermen. We had established cities and villages. We have our own local dialects, food, traditional cloths and music.
My Muslim Palestinian dad used to play in the neighbourhood with the children of his Jewish and Christian neighbour. THEY ALL SPOKE ARABIC…
~23:33 "If they were going to make a new life there, it had to be by working the land themselves, not hiring other poor people to do it" Comrade moment?
Surprisingly, Ahad HaAm was a Classical Liberal, which put him at odds with the vast majority of Zionists at this time. However, he sided firmly with the socialists in opposition to the pure Political Zionism of fellow liberal Theodor Herzl, of which there will be much to say in the future.
@@SamAronow
Liberal? Herzl was a fierce supporter of unions and worker rights. Even the flag he proposed for the Jewish state reflects that.
You can be a Liberal and support unions and workers' rights. We're about to have a whole big talk about the Progressive Era in the US and that's a big part of it.
@@SamAronow Henry George is maybe the embodiment of this school of thought.
He very famous in USA, but unknown in the rest of the world
They tried doing it but failed since they weren't farmer in Russia. After a while they became skilled workers and didn't need the locals anymore.
Interesting to hear you mention how in Israel religious authorities still have power in marriage. Last year I took a class on the Middle East and the teacher mentioned how Israel uses a lot of jurisprudence from the Ottomans, to the point where Turkish is still known by some legal experts to read old Ottoman law.
interesting, israel also does not recognize the Armenian genocide
Excellent research
6:09
Gei Oni is today the main street of Rosh Pina. I've been there many times and it does look from an old period.
But I didn't know it was THAT old...
rosh pina is considered by many (many sixth generation residents of rosh pina) to be the first ever mosava in reality that is generally considered to be false but it still is one of the oldest
1870s Chris tian Zi o nism is the backdrop of George Eliot's Victorian novel Daniel Deronda. I recommend the book or watch the lovely 2002 mini series. Thank you for another wonderful vid! 👍
I'm (allegedly) working on a miniseries based on a novel that was a Jewish critique of _Daniel Deronda._
@@SamAronow As an Englishman, Daniel being Jewish in British culture is what appeals to me and the pull that Judaism has on one's soul. I don't focus on the Zi on ism storyline. I can't fault Eliot because of her Chris tian perspective. Certainly handled better than Dickens! 👍
1:46 do you have a particular source for this?
hey, regarding attitude towards jews in Yemen you mentioned around 14:00, do you have a source you can provide? its hard to find good sources on antisemetism outside of europe
There's a section about jewish and muslim relations in the wikipedia article about yemenite jews: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemenite_Jews.
If you want more in depth details about yemenite jews in the modern era, try finding some of Dr. Menashe Anzi lectures.
If the next episode is what I think it is, then it will cover reason I can never hear the Marseilles without cringing or feeling sick.
The dark opening is accomplished best with a cat playing with a finger
Sam are You safe so far? Wish You and Your Close ones Strenght Health and Safety !
Thanks to Sam aronau,l once learned a lot of jewish history, and Sam Aronov provided much angles I never heard off that I really enjoy his work🌷🇳🇱🌷💖Peeter 💖🐴🐴🐴🥁🐴🐴🐴
Hearing Kraut on this channel is such a godsend tbh
Petah Tikvah…I know about that place from the musical The Band’s Visit, where the band is supposed to go there, but they have Arabic accents and end up in Bet HaTikvah, in the middle of nowhere, instead.
And Beit HaTikva is actually Yeruham.
I live in PT...
Fantastic video. Looking for context about what’s going on right now, and I knew I should turn to your videos to help.
And I'm glad you came to _this_ video, because it shamefully gets way fewer views than the Herzl one.
@@SamAronow 😸
It’s weird that he chose Echad Ha’Am as his name despite the fact that the classical interpretation is that Echad Ha’Am refers to a king
Now, the only two historians we're missing are Blue from OSP and History Matters.
The music choices in this one were a bit strange when compared to the test of the series
What Ahad Ha’An said sounds incredibly prophetic.
This whole channel is just putting all the street names I grew up around in historical context
25:50 Jon Bois reference ?
Just what did Ha’am mean when he attacked Jewish views towards Arabs in Palestine? I heard this idea before in my Jewish education, but when asked for examples I have only been given that Arabs were employed as farm-workers, which was a socially lower job. For a movement struggling in agriculture and with limited funds, that strikes me as incredibly petty.
That’s all the Arabs could do- generally speaking
I really appreciate the Zelda music in this video at 1:58
19:05
soooo everyone?
NICE Zelda music!
Hey Sam hope ur well.
I know ur speeding along from the classical period to the modern period of Jewish but I wish u made a video detailing the 12 tribes the lands they occupied the symbols they identified with and individual quirks that set them apart from each other. More importantly how did this tribal structure impact ancient judean society to today.
I’m of the tribe Levi on my fathers side ( surprisingly that hasn’t changed much in my family) and when I was younger and would go to Shul my dad would direct me to do certain action but they would never explain what it meant to be a Levi and the responsibilities it wasn’t until my first trip to Israel 5 years ago that I even learned that the levities are descended from Moses.
Please help me out here. Moses was a Levite (descendand of Levi, third son of Jacob and Leah) so were his cousins and siblings, like Aaron whose descendants are the Kohanim who naturally are also Levites. So how can all Levites be descendants from Moses alone?
This was a very informative video for me. I basically had the opposite impression of Hertzl's influence on Zionist history. I thought the abstract idea of Zionism had been widely circulating for years, but it seemed very unattainable until Hertzl problem solved it enough that the idea seemed worth serious investment. Now I see Hertzl much more as the person that energized Zionism in the way we would talk about a social media influencer or politician. I still see how the conventional, "Father of Zionism" is true, but from a very different angle.
Herzl is coming...
Quick note: Kattowitz (modern day Katowice) was located in the German Empire, not Austria-Hungary.
Oh hey, we're going to learn about Julia Louis-Dreyfus's ancestry in the next episode!
2:00 OMG SONG OF STORMS OOT
Small correction, kattowitz was german city though
Today in Poland.
Awsome
Is there a reason you named pre-Rothschild Zikhron Ya'akov "Shomron" rather than "Zamarin"?
I've also read that the name Shomron was used but mostly because it sounded similar to the existing Arabic name for the place "Zamarin" and one of the suggested etymologies for "Zamarin" is that there used to be a Samaritan settlement in that area. But as I was growing up in Zikhron I never seen or heard anyone use the term "Shomron", while some places (hotels, restaurants, etc.) use "Zamarin" in their branding, and my grandfather, who was born in the town long after its name was changed to Zikhron Ya'akov, still introduces himself as "Zamarini" when meeting Arabs while visiting nearby villages, so I just assumed that Zamarin ended up being the common name before the name change...
Could that be the case, or maybe it was Shomron but reverted to Zamarin later in the public conciousness to avoid confusion with the Shomron region (today in the West Bank)?
My sources were also confusingly worded and I got mixed up.
@@chimera9818 my grandfather also says that it's related to flutes/music because it's from the root זמ”ר but that sounds more like a folk etymology to me.
Thank you for the cat footage.
1:32 Cat.
Oh shit, Dreyfus affair next!
Good call
It's incredible just how much Ahad HaAm was correct.
However tho while there is some truth to what ahad haAm said there he does completely fetishise the arabs and make the same fallacy you see western left-wingers make time and time again - cozy up to minorities (or in this case the "other" group) and treat them as a monolith instead of as individuals
Correct about what exactly?
How was he correct?
@@superelizabeth9253 Well Palestinians are quite vengeful, law is on the side of Israelis in totality and he predicted this 50 years ago.
@@superelizabeth9253 Other than that his prediction of slaves becoming slavemasters is also incredible.
Bro, you can't have Final Fantasy music (or is it Zelda?) in the background of your video. I can't concentrate on what you're saying. xD
Vary good video! But I have noticed that you are dispalying Hovevi Zion as a completely secular organization, but many orthodox rabbis were part of it. For example HaRav Muhaliver and Hanatziv MeVolozin. A big part of the leadership and members of Hibat Zion were religious. Not to mention your idea that Zionism was created by the Hascala. It was a factor, but as you stated on the video, many of the Proto Zionists were rabbis (And the students of the vilna gaon who actually came to Israel).
hearing "introducing western agricultural practices to the region" and im like _not again_
~27:54 "They were slaves in their diasporas, and suddenly finding themselves with unlimited freedom... This sudden change has planted despotic tendencies in their hearts, as always happens to former slaves..." Not sure how well that quote applies to all former slaves as he suggests, but it reminded me strongly of Liberia, the US colony founded as a place to resettle former slaves (partly by white racists who just really didn't want free Black people around them, partly by people who thought that Free Black people would never be safe from oppression in America). When they arrived, Afram settlers promptly instituted a similarly intense social caste system to the one in America, just with themselves as the elites and native Liberians as an underclass, with some native Liberians even being enslaved to work on Americo-Liberian plantations. Quite a literal reflection of the quote.
I mean, this is a political paradox that is even in the Bible, and in his original text that's what he references, but reading I couldn't help but think of the instances where that very emphatically _didn't_ happen. Iraq is probably the most prominent current example. Honestly, it seemed like the kind of subject Kraut would be interested in.
@@SamAronow I’m surprised you didn’t mention Ahad ha’am’s socialist leanings. The part in “The Truth from Eretz Israel” where he talks about the Arab landowners price-gouging Jews for tiny plots of dirt had me rolling
A similar situation happened in Haiti. As soon as they kicked out the French, the new Haitian ruling class became the new slave masters.
@@mew11two No?
You didn't go back far enough. You neglected mention that the assyrians were first to remove the northern kingdom of Israel around 700 bc. Then nebuchadnezzar removed Judea in 586 bc
intresting
Totally off the subject of the material itself, whoever you got to do the read-over for Dr. Pinsker was fantastic.
I think it's Unpacked, who also have a youtube channel dedicated to jewish history...
23:18 "He didn't come back for you." Brutal reference! How many people got it? You'd have to be Canadian, remember the 2011 federal election, and know that Michael Ignatieff is the descendant Nikolay Ignatyev (and have some idea of who Ignatyev was). These vids have layers!
I didn't actually know that Michael Ignatieff is his descendant; I was just making a stupid joke that you're the first person to notice.
@@SamAronow Yes indeed! I looked it up again and Michael Ignatieff is the great-grandson of Nikolay. I guess their family, being aristocrats, escaped the Russian revolution and reinvented themselves as members of Canada's upper crust
@@bluequiltednessKhazari being smart and stupid at the same time is amazing
@@user-cg2tw8pw7j it's called being cunning but not necessarily intelligent.
OOH BOY DREYFUS AFFAIR NEXT TIME!
I sense a Dreyfus affair next time!
Wow, what Ahad HaAm said blew my mind. If only his wise perspective at the time became what zionism is, then Israelis would have no better friends than Palestinians and build a country together. Worst thing to do is pit us sharp and shrewd Semites against each other haha ✊✊✌
Funny how until today Jews abroad have a lot criticism on the relations Israelis have with the Arabs without having any experience of living with them
Really makes you think.
No mention of the vilna gaon? Today's ultra-orthodox yerushalmi's are his cultural and spiritual descendants.
Over 100 countries? 🤔🤔🤔
I would like to thank UTJ and Shas for keeping Ottoman law intact for marriages and divorces. Israel should be kept in the 19th Century.
Well, I've been told that the ultra-Orthodox are indeed anti-Zionist.
@@kellygroen4254 Some are. But they compromise those values to halt change and get special funding.
@@themacandcheeseorca1128 Supporting 19th century Ottoman Empire marriage and divorce rules strikes me as the ultimate anti-Zionist move (even if Shas and UTJ now shill for the occupation as well.)
Yay new dvar Torah
1:27, ah, Israels national mammal
Jews deserve better
They suffered enough
They haven't suffered any more than anyone else. People have a bad habit of doing bad things and then wondering why they have problems. And when people migrate to new places, both they and the people they wander among have problems.
the only true zionisim
The criticism of Ahad Ha’am about the Jews mistreating the Arabs in Palestine really struck me. The more things change I guess...
I don't think you understood him very much...
ZIONISM!
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
indeed
@@talink6867 I've been waiting for a proper video on Zionism by Sam for almost a year, and it's just around the corner now.
Damn it feels good.
Ye 2024 💯