It is worth mentioning that aerospace, biomedical engineering as well as many others include a mix of the main engineering disciplines. For example, as an electrical and electronics engineering, I have worked on biomedical engineering, lab-on-chip, nanotechnology. So, you don't have to start necessarily with biomedical to become a biomedical engineer.
Is the other way alsoooo true? I really like the approach to engineering biomedical has but I don’t know if what I feel and like as a random 15yo senior in high school is the same as what I wanna do with my life
CrashCourse helped me a lot to know what I wanted to do in my professional life by making me discover a lot of things (especially in the biology course), and almost 4 years later, when I just got my baccalauréat (graduation in France) and finally decide the job I want to do, they do a video on this job (biomedical engineer) 😍 Thank you very much for what you do and keep going !
I wish I knew about biomedical engineering while in high school. I entered college as a pre-med student because of lack of knowledge about other fields of study or career paths. I hated even just thinking about med school because deep down I knew being a physician was not for me. I just have too many different interests and when I found out about biomedical engineering, I knew that it was exactly what I wanted to do. I have never felt such passion for anything else. I will be switching my major soon to BME, so anyone who is a Biomedical engineer, I will love some advice and insight into life as a BME.
I know exactly how you feel! I was feeling lost in mechanical engineering due to varied interests until I found about BME. That was the moment for me. I'm now in grad school happily studying both medicine and engineering :) Good luck!
I'm planning to take industrial engineering as my course on college, and I have no idea about maths, etc. But I am willing to learn. I am afraid, thank God I found your chanel
What type of jobs are you looking at specifically? I'm currently studying biomedical engineering and I'm getting very discouraged with my job search ):
How has it been since you started? Challenges and do you regret it? I am also considering majoring in this career but I would like to hear from someone’s who is about to finish, what they think.
I'm nowhere near my senior year of HS yet, but watching this video makes me want to major in biomedical engineering! Ty for your informative content! 💕
I don't know what it is, but it feels like the animations and style in this episode are a lot higher quality than previous CrashCourse episodes. Not that they were bad before or anything, but the amount of detail and charm and depth has improved! Biomedical engineering is one of the fields I'm most excited about seeing flourish. I really wish I knew more about all of the details about it, but it is nice to see a breakdown from a broader perspective of many of the possible considerations. Thanks for the video!
Haha, yeah, the animation seems to have improved. When you compare the openings from more recent CrashCourse episodes to the older ones, these ones are more dynamic, colorful and have a stronger sense of "bounce" in them that animators have to often master. Then when you notice some of the colors in the middle of the episode, it just seems to mesh more naturally somehow, and more unique characters from the limited style of the animation that seem to show a little bit of their personality just with a few seconds of a look with the right pose and background context. That's what I call great animation.
A big point missed is that Biomedical Engineers also have a considerable knowledge of the FDA. It seems minor, but all biomedical devices are subject to Design Control under the FDA which is a lot of what biomedical engineers do.
My dreams came true, yall did a video on biomed engineering!! Thanks to you all I am almost done with my bachelor's degree in this great field. Thanks crash course!!
lucyieyiey :o I struggled with math for majority of college, and there is ALOT OF MATH. I talked to the dean one day and he told me, "The reason why there are alot of women who drop out of engineering is because of math." It is hard work, but if you are truly passionate about it you will push through. So yes I do reccomend it for people who hate or suck at math!
Hello, as an industrial engineer, you broke my heart -_- you told about my field just 3 minutes but there are also a lot of big branches in industrial engineering, such as logistic, quality control, material production planning and simulation. You forgot Henry Ford was a revolutioner for industrial engineering. Also 5S and Toyota is very big things in Quality Engineering -_- PS: Industrial Engineering is heart of Consumerism and Liberal Economy/Capitalism. And as a liberal i dont want to argue about how capitalism is making our lives more quality.
Speaking of x-rays, they used to use x-rays in shoe stores! The idea was that you would be able to see how well the shoe fit on your foot! It's pretty clear as to why that didn't last too long..
Did you had problems finding a job? people often say that because of BME’s multidisciplinarity, employers prefer mechanical or electrical engineers. is that true?
5:19 X-ray = Nikola Tesla and his Tesla coil led to the first radiography and offered better image quality. That's is why after Roentgen discovered the nature of X rays. Nikola sent him a letter and explained that he congratulated him and he showed him his first radiography. After that, Roentgen asked that stop calling these rays Roentgen Rays (in German now, litterally Roentgenstrahlung) but X-rays to grant respect to other people like Nikola Tesla who led experience on these specific rays
I love this channel !! So much! I would like to put in a request for an electrical engineering playlist please 😜 you're channel helped me a lot but I'm struggling to find a channel what actually can help me with my studies : Electrical engineering N1 - N6 and stuff around it like how a photo diode works or a florescent lamps or transistor please I think it would be cool and help thousands of engineering student's world wide
Kinesiology major here with a civil engineering father. Was way stoked to watch this! I did research in the physiological/biomechanical in the sport of surfing for Hurley & Nike. 😂 Is it obvious I'm from Southern California? Thickness of wetsuit to physiologically keep a person warm can decline the biomechanical efficiency of a surfer & a surfer's performance!
I want to study Industrial Engineering simply because I quite enjoy math, the sciences and business, and it's the only major that pulls them together. However, I am not quite sure if I enjoy the prospects of working as an IE, or the process of it. Any tips or insights on the job or perhaps some advice? Thank you.
I am an industrial engineer. I always tell people that my job is 50% engineering work (spreadsheets, analysis, etc) and 50% people work (talking to people to determine if proposed process changes will work, communicating to management, arguing with people). You need to be comfortable with both to succeed. I love my job though as the scope of my work is really broad.
Kerrilane200 Thank you for the reply! I am quite fine with the first part, but I am worried about the second part. I am very introverted and shy, I am not sure if I will be able to break out of my shell and be able to socialize more with people, as I barely even talk to anyone on a daily basis, and I certainly know it is quite essential to communicate, but I really don't know if I will be able to communicate well. Do you think I could have a chance at becoming more confident and being able to do well, or should I give up? And the diversity of the job is what I love about it. Thank you, once again.
loтυѕ oғ deѕpaιr that is up to you. I am introverted as well but have learned to assert myself and communicate. If you really are uncomfortable with communicating, you may be able to get into demand planning or another portion of Industrial engineering that does not have as much interaction with people. I would try to job shadow or do an internship or co-op before deciding if IE is right for you
Kerrilane200 can you please let us know your thoughts about Industrial engineering in the future where process are getting automated to the extent where there is little to no need for greater improvement and moreover organizations not willing to pay for huge change decisions.
Would Taylor be considered a 'father' of Lean business principles? When I took my Lean Six Sigma courses the ideas were credited to the Japanese. Were they developed separately or did one influence the other?
I've thought about the Biological Modeling problem and I've wondered. There's entire of industry of people who vast and realistic simulations for entertainment. The game industry! Has anyone else thought about maybe some kind of collaboration with development teams in some companies to help solve the Biological Modeling problem.
I thought Taylor's work, while important as a observation system, is viewed as controversial today. Some optimizations suggested by him cut down the human element too much, even the ones that would have a positive impact on the whole system.
I want an episode on transducer engineering, I feel that could be very tangible knowledge. And it is very distinguished as it deals with the two worlds of electrical and mechanical engineering.
Often in a course, the first lectures in a class involved defining the most relevant concepts. From what I've seen of the other technical science videos, they don't go as deep as a fat textbook, but they go deep enough to really mess with your brain and even later use harder equations with examples later on.
Well that was way less time than I expected for bioengineering but still nice, can someone tell me a good source of info on the subject as a career please?
At time stamp 2:10 looks like Elon Musk after his many hours working at the Tesla factory. He dose have a couch now to sleep on instead of the floor. Still I love this show.
Haha, for anyone reading this who are fans of him, I recommend seeing the articles written on his ideas for a popular audience in the blog Wait But Why. It's still complicated, but the writer there was really well chosen to get these ideas across well.
Never too late!! In my freshmen intro to biomedical engineering class there was this dude who was about 50 starting with us and I'm pretty sure he loved it just as much as us young and dumb teens did. Go for it!
I just wish I could design a better harmonica... which is kind of funny, because I was considering sending an email today to a guy I've talked to before who has patents for artificial heart valves but also has some patents for harmonicas.
If you're here for the Biomedical here you go:
3:16
It scares me how interested I'm becoming into biomedical engineering and less interest in being a general practitioner.... back to the drawing board?
Kevinakevinakevina, I feel that. I've changed my career path so many times I forget what I started with!
The two don’t have to be mutually exclusive.
I’m currently pursuing to get my masters degree in Biomechanics, and once wanted to become a doctor as well. :)
I've gone from priest, park ranger, psychologist, general doctor to industrial engineer the last year of high school.
I’m a biomedical engineering major and on the pre-med track!
It is worth mentioning that aerospace, biomedical engineering as well as many others include a mix of the main engineering disciplines. For example, as an electrical and electronics engineering, I have worked on biomedical engineering, lab-on-chip, nanotechnology. So, you don't have to start necessarily with biomedical to become a biomedical engineer.
MrJohn1392 sweet! I think aerospace deals a little with electronics, materials and mechanical
Yeah! All my professors are from different fields, since Biomed is very recent on my country
I too am doing electronics and communication engineering. I want to pursue masters in biomedical engineering. Can you tell me how to go about?
Is the other way alsoooo true? I really like the approach to engineering biomedical has but I don’t know if what I feel and like as a random 15yo senior in high school is the same as what I wanna do with my life
Well I’m taking Mechatronics Engineering, which is a combination of both mechanical and electronic and little bit of manufacturing engineering
Proud Industrial Engineering and Operations Research major 😊
CrashCourse helped me a lot to know what I wanted to do in my professional life by making me discover a lot of things (especially in the biology course), and almost 4 years later, when I just got my baccalauréat (graduation in France) and finally decide the job I want to do, they do a video on this job (biomedical engineer) 😍
Thank you very much for what you do and keep going !
that's amazing. I'm your junior..^-^
I wish I knew about biomedical engineering while in high school. I entered college as a pre-med student because of lack of knowledge about other fields of study or career paths. I hated even just thinking about med school because deep down I knew being a physician was not for me. I just have too many different interests and when I found out about biomedical engineering, I knew that it was exactly what I wanted to do. I have never felt such passion for anything else. I will be switching my major soon to BME, so anyone who is a Biomedical engineer, I will love some advice and insight into life as a BME.
I know exactly how you feel! I was feeling lost in mechanical engineering due to varied interests until I found about BME. That was the moment for me. I'm now in grad school happily studying both medicine and engineering :) Good luck!
I'm planning to take industrial engineering as my course on college, and I have no idea about maths, etc. But I am willing to learn. I am afraid, thank God I found your chanel
Here's two keywords for people who want to find out more about biomedical engineering: lab-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip. They're really interesting.
Thanks so much!
The wet lab side of things is particularly interesting to me.
Not typically into engineering, but being an amputee, this was fascinating
Im going to study biomedical engineering next year!!
Give me my cyborg arm!!!!!
Me too,Yay
I am going into biomedical engineering!!
Me too
Me too! I was very excited to see this
I'm finishing Biomedical Engineering and I love it
Constanza Osorio would you recommend it for someone who loves the idea of the field but isn't really good in maths?
What type of jobs are you looking at specifically? I'm currently studying biomedical engineering and I'm getting very discouraged with my job search ):
Is it hard?? And is all of it based on math or more on science? Do u think a person with bad math skills can get into it?
How has it been since you started? Challenges and do you regret it? I am also considering majoring in this career but I would like to hear from someone’s who is about to finish, what they think.
Please answer these questions, I’m very interested in studying this as well!
I'm nowhere near my senior year of HS yet, but watching this video makes me want to major in biomedical engineering! Ty for your informative content! 💕
I'm choosing career paths for college and biomedical was (and still is) my first choice, this video got me in the best moment! Thank you
I don't know what it is, but it feels like the animations and style in this episode are a lot higher quality than previous CrashCourse episodes. Not that they were bad before or anything, but the amount of detail and charm and depth has improved!
Biomedical engineering is one of the fields I'm most excited about seeing flourish. I really wish I knew more about all of the details about it, but it is nice to see a breakdown from a broader perspective of many of the possible considerations. Thanks for the video!
Haha, yeah, the animation seems to have improved. When you compare the openings from more recent CrashCourse episodes to the older ones, these ones are more dynamic, colorful and have a stronger sense of "bounce" in them that animators have to often master. Then when you notice some of the colors in the middle of the episode, it just seems to mesh more naturally somehow, and more unique characters from the limited style of the animation that seem to show a little bit of their personality just with a few seconds of a look with the right pose and background context. That's what I call great animation.
A big point missed is that Biomedical Engineers also have a considerable knowledge of the FDA. It seems minor, but all biomedical devices are subject to Design Control under the FDA which is a lot of what biomedical engineers do.
is this the krusty krab?
Ashamed that he didn't reply with no it's Patrick
I'm enrolling on a college tomorrow and I chose biomedical engineering. Looking forward to study it. This video is fascinating Thank you
Awesome content and presentation!!!
Love the video i really like biomedical engineering and can’t wait for an episode on aerospace engineering. I hope to study either one of those fields
My dreams came true, yall did a video on biomed engineering!! Thanks to you all I am almost done with my bachelor's degree in this great field. Thanks crash course!!
Lauren Adegoke would you recommend it for someone who's not really good in maths? x
lucyieyiey :o I struggled with math for majority of college, and there is ALOT OF MATH. I talked to the dean one day and he told me, "The reason why there are alot of women who drop out of engineering is because of math." It is hard work, but if you are truly passionate about it you will push through. So yes I do reccomend it for people who hate or suck at math!
I’ll studying biomedical engineering this fall at my university! I’m so excited :)
Have you enjoyed it so far??
I'm a current Biomedical Engineer Student, and i can tell you that is the best thing ever
Emanuel Iñiguez 👋, im trying to chant my major to BME, but I scar if it is hard. Is it hard?
kaka reza it is not that hard. If you are passionate enough
Does it involves chemistry a lot? Cos im kinda suck at it:(
I am too. and its hard. what is your suggestions?
I know a couple biomedical engineers from work... never failed to be amazed by them
Yay yall talked about my major my friends and i freaked when we saw this video posted. Biomed Pride!
I know right? It's like no one knows it even exists
its nice that the field is expanding. Makes figuring out a masters degree for it easier haha
What is/are your minor(s)?
I don't have any minors, I'm majoring in Biomedical Engineering.
GANG GANG!
robotic artificial limbs are so cool. i hope one day they will be just as good or better as normal ones!
john pardon Like Bucky Barn 's mechanical arm in Captain America. :>
haha, i don't know that one but it sounds good :D
i love how she says shock absorbers at 8:41. idk its just hella satisfying..
I am a biomedical engineer hurray to all biomedical engineers out there
I need someone who have enough knowledge about biomedical eng follow me inbox whatsap +255777383969
This was very informational, and your delivery was absolutely fantastic. Thank you for this.
Thank you so much for covering biomedical engineering! It's something I want to pursue in grad school and this was very informative and interesting
i am becoming very intrested in biomedical engineering! ugh, its so cool!
Hello, as an industrial engineer, you broke my heart -_- you told about my field just 3 minutes but there are also a lot of big branches in industrial engineering, such as logistic, quality control, material production planning and simulation. You forgot Henry Ford was a revolutioner for industrial engineering. Also 5S and Toyota is very big things in Quality Engineering -_-
PS: Industrial Engineering is heart of Consumerism and Liberal Economy/Capitalism. And as a liberal i dont want to argue about how capitalism is making our lives more quality.
It's called "crash course" for a reason bud
Graduated with my BSIE in 2017. Hoping to study Masters in healthcare engineering!
kristlestainn what does that deal with I’m having a hard time choosing what I want to do I’m 24 years old
Speaking of x-rays, they used to use x-rays in shoe stores! The idea was that you would be able to see how well the shoe fit on your foot! It's pretty clear as to why that didn't last too long..
I’m a senior biomedical engineer at college!
Did you had problems finding a job? people often say that because of BME’s
multidisciplinarity, employers prefer mechanical or electrical engineers. is that true?
haha yes I love the Seinfeld reference here 6:58
Please make a video on Mechatronic/Robotics Engineering, or at least give us a cool mention in one of your videos
Oh, i want to study that
Biomedical engineering starts at 3:16
5:19 X-ray = Nikola Tesla and his Tesla coil led to the first radiography and offered better image quality. That's is why after Roentgen discovered the nature of X rays. Nikola sent him a letter and explained that he congratulated him and he showed him his first radiography. After that, Roentgen asked that stop calling these rays Roentgen Rays (in German now, litterally Roentgenstrahlung) but X-rays to grant respect to other people like Nikola Tesla who led experience on these specific rays
I’m actually a 9 year old kid but i wanted to be a doctor and also learning medical things and engineering thanks for this video!!!
The only thing that I felt was missing, was a reference to the Human Genome Project and BioInformatics. Also Artificial Intelligence, when?
6:46 : Wait a minute.... Isn't that a reference to Trauma Center?????
MIND = BLOWN
@Eric Liu looking back 9 months later... Yea, i overeacted that... Bruh for me.
Im 15 and looking into bioengineering, I know its not easy but I think I can do it. It seems very interesting.
Dr Shini you're the best!
i instantly fell 110% cooler when i heard the intro
Can you please cover nuclear engineering and environmental engineering??
I love this channel !! So much!
I would like to put in a request for an electrical engineering playlist please 😜
you're channel helped me a lot but I'm struggling to find a channel what actually can help me with my studies : Electrical engineering N1 - N6 and stuff around it like how a photo diode works or a florescent lamps or transistor please I think it would be cool and help thousands of engineering student's world wide
People with prosthetic limbs and pacemakers are low key cyborgs.
Facts
Nice reference to the Trauma Center games.
Materials engineering please
涼茶 Facts
Represent
Reality
溫茶
I m studying industrial engineering suggest me some important topics please
growwith king Try to study about 6 Sigma, Lean Manufacturing, the "Toyota Way", 5S and Operations Research.. Good luck.
Brush up on your Japanese. The jargon is ubiquitous.
Big Data, Machine Learning, Business Intelligence, Internet of Things
good luck
Binge about done for tonight, looks like laws and more are coming next! I can't wait! :D
"Another reason is drug delivery", I know some guys who are experts at that
Are they really? many of them get caught.
Kinesiology major here with a civil engineering father. Was way stoked to watch this! I did research in the physiological/biomechanical in the sport of surfing for Hurley & Nike. 😂 Is it obvious I'm from Southern California? Thickness of wetsuit to physiologically keep a person warm can decline the biomechanical efficiency of a surfer & a surfer's performance!
Does anyone have any advice on double majoring in biomedical engineering and computer science? Should I do both or stick to one?
🤔😓💞
stick to one. and after study other one. BME includes really hard lessons
Great Explanation!! Keep doing the great work!!
I want to study Industrial Engineering simply because I quite enjoy math, the sciences and business, and it's the only major that pulls them together. However, I am not quite sure if I enjoy the prospects of working as an IE, or the process of it. Any tips or insights on the job or perhaps some advice? Thank you.
I am an industrial engineer. I always tell people that my job is 50% engineering work (spreadsheets, analysis, etc) and 50% people work (talking to people to determine if proposed process changes will work, communicating to management, arguing with people). You need to be comfortable with both to succeed. I love my job though as the scope of my work is really broad.
Kerrilane200 Thank you for the reply! I am quite fine with the first part, but I am worried about the second part. I am very introverted and shy, I am not sure if I will be able to break out of my shell and be able to socialize more with people, as I barely even talk to anyone on a daily basis, and I certainly know it is quite essential to communicate, but I really don't know if I will be able to communicate well. Do you think I could have a chance at becoming more confident and being able to do well, or should I give up? And the diversity of the job is what I love about it. Thank you, once again.
loтυѕ oғ deѕpaιr that is up to you. I am introverted as well but have learned to assert myself and communicate. If you really are uncomfortable with communicating, you may be able to get into demand planning or another portion of Industrial engineering that does not have as much interaction with people. I would try to job shadow or do an internship or co-op before deciding if IE is right for you
Kerrilane200 Thank you so much! 😁
Kerrilane200 can you please let us know your thoughts about Industrial engineering in the future where process are getting automated to the extent where there is little to no need for greater improvement and moreover organizations not willing to pay for huge change decisions.
I loved seeing Hank of the Jungle in the background! :D
Where is the huge number of views and comments that this video deserves?!
Would Taylor be considered a 'father' of Lean business principles? When I took my Lean Six Sigma courses the ideas were credited to the Japanese. Were they developed separately or did one influence the other?
I've thought about the Biological Modeling problem and I've wondered. There's entire of industry of people who vast and realistic simulations for entertainment. The game industry! Has anyone else thought about maybe some kind of collaboration with development teams in some companies to help solve the Biological Modeling problem.
Thank god, you have moved from telling the world of formulas of physics in just 10 mins to engineering
please do a video on mineral engineering and machine learning engineering!
Britany Cheung Machine learning is a subfield within AI. AI is in itself a subfield of Computer science.
I never heard Machine Learning described as engineering
What about Imagineers?
Adrian Duran They’re probably mostly civil engineers, maybe some design for the details.
Imagineers are what inspired me to study engineering.
Great video, CC!
Very interesting video keep up the great informational content!
rising sophomore biomedical engineer!! :-)
YAAAASSS MYYY FUTURE JOBBBB!!!!
I thought Taylor's work, while important as a observation system, is viewed as controversial today. Some optimizations suggested by him cut down the human element too much, even the ones that would have a positive impact on the whole system.
Thanks. I learned more about engineering
Workers of the world, unite!
6:59 yes! what a perfect Seinfeld reference HAHA!
Good overview. But those shelves are bothering me. My OCD is showing...
I want an episode on transducer engineering, I feel that could be very tangible knowledge. And it is very distinguished as it deals with the two worlds of electrical and mechanical engineering.
All of these engineering videos are excellent... you're just missing the best form of engineering in the entire galaxy! AEROSPACE ENGINEERING!!!!
Elijah Marshall she mentioned this in the beginning of the video
In a graduating batch of engineers, 20% will become engineers, while the rest become "GINgineers".
Monkey D Lion ?
Will there be a video on Architectural Engineering
Please do one video explaining mining and geology!
So is this going to go into more depth? Or is it just going to be some very general obvious things?
Random Mcranderson The video has "Crash Course" in the name, so that should tell you everything you need to know.
Often in a course, the first lectures in a class involved defining the most relevant concepts. From what I've seen of the other technical science videos, they don't go as deep as a fat textbook, but they go deep enough to really mess with your brain and even later use harder equations with examples later on.
Hope that Crash Course can make some videos on Healthcare careers.......
Well that was way less time than I expected for bioengineering but still nice, can someone tell me a good source of info on the subject as a career please?
Biomedical Engineer for life!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
This was very good
At time stamp 2:10 looks like Elon Musk after his many hours working at the Tesla factory. He dose have a couch now to sleep on instead of the floor. Still I love this show.
Cellular and Genetic Engineering? Synthetic Biology?
where might i find more in depth videos on engineering? im considering an engineering degree and i need something deeper
I don't know if i'm too late but I would reccomend Major Preps videos on engineering.
So factorio is an industrial engineering game?
Pretty much yeah
❤️
Thanks 4 da info
Great stuff
Could you please make a video about aeronautical engineering pleeeeas
its in the works :)
Can you make a video on Electronic Engineering? Thanks :)
@crashcourse will you be covering material science engineering?
They included Elong Musk!!😍
rodrigo hernandez He’s so much better than his brother Eshort Musk
Haha, for anyone reading this who are fans of him, I recommend seeing the articles written on his ideas for a popular audience in the blog Wait But Why. It's still complicated, but the writer there was really well chosen to get these ideas across well.
Elongated Muskrat
Can you cover environmental engineering pleaseeeee !!!
Can I get into biomedical engineering major if I am bad at math but good at science?.
BME is life 💚
Hay crash course which software did you use to edit the video
How about a web shooter, or engineering a retrovirus to change the dna of a human to make them Spider-Man??
Hi !! I would like a video about Agronomic or Environmental Engineering 😍
Hi if am studying electronics and communication engineering, is there by chance that I can be a biomedical engineer?
Wish I can get into biomedical engineering, too bad it is too late for me. Maybe in my next life.
If you like it, it's never too late
Sculpin I switched from Chemical to Biomedical, it was worth it. You should never give up, it's not too late.
I hear you. I'm 45 I just graduated and it is very difficult getting hired. I'm doing something totally different. good luck.
Never too late!! In my freshmen intro to biomedical engineering class there was this dude who was about 50 starting with us and I'm pretty sure he loved it just as much as us young and dumb teens did. Go for it!
you don't know what you're talking about
I just wish I could design a better harmonica... which is kind of funny, because I was considering sending an email today to a guy I've talked to before who has patents for artificial heart valves but also has some patents for harmonicas.