*The Description of An Lushan(安禄山) Rebellion* *BACKGROUND:* The based Fubing system(府兵制) on the Tang dynasty military system was collapsed by continuous and frequent overseas military expeditions. Also, the powerful Chancellor" Li-Linfu(李林甫)" blocked new political forces emerge and kick them into regional places. Emperor "Xuanzong" change the military system into a Volunteer military from Conscription and give the privilege of Military command who each Jiedushi (節度使)(regional governor), for national defense. 0:20 / North china governor "An-Lushan(安禄山)" has rebel with his 150,000 troops and 8,000 cavalries. He can't patient for political monopolization and offensive by Yang-Guozhong and publish a slogan "Let's kill the Yang-Guozhong". Such a slogan was accepted for North china province officials without any problem. December 12, 755, he crosses the Yangtze river and captured the Yeong-chang, Park-Neung, Sang-san, Jinr-yu, Hyeong-yang city, and marched into the capital Xian. 0:23 / Meanwhile, the Capitals garrison only left 40,000 ~ 50,000 troops, and Central governments build the defense line to stop the Capital fall, gather 110,000 troops (peasant troops) urgently. But the defense line was collapsed easily and Capitals "Xian" occupied by the rebel’s attack. 0:37 / Tang governments understand the severity of the situation and began to counterattack by appointing Guo-Ziyi(郭子儀) and Li-Guangbi(李光弼). They confront Rebels generals "Shi-Siming"(史思明)force and cutting the supply route and defeat them. Especially, In the Ga-San battle, both generals have crush victory against the rebel’s forces and Shi-Siming has lost 40,000 troops among 50,000 troops and run away with barefoot. 0:49 / An Lushan and his rebel’s province reduced into capitals and around the place. But, Yang-Guozhong hated Ga-Seo-Han(Dongguan-Commander) and suggest attack rebels to the emperor. Emperor "Xuanzong" listen to his word and order to attack rebels. Ridiculously, Ga-Seo-Han has surrendered to rebels, and the Dongguan defense line collapsed. 1:03 / After the Dongguan defense line collapses, the Tang imperial families and palace servants, government officials evacuate into Sichuan Province, and Yang-families were killed by palace guards, include with Yang Guifei(楊貴妃) and Yang Guozhong(楊國忠). In a terrible state, Li-Yu(Son of Xuanzong) has been ascended imperials throne instead of his father, with palace guards helps. He builds the defense line into both sides (North & South) and tried to gather suppression troops. In the meantime, Li-Lin (Son of Xuanzong) has caused a rebellion against the Tang governments and build an Independent government in a south Chinese province. But, that rebellion is suppressed just one year. 1:10 / Rebels leader "An-Lushan" has felt very confident in the plan of destroying the Tang dynasty and have become the emperor himself. But, the Turkic tribe deviates from the rebels group. Rebels weaken the power and the leader "An-Lushan" have an illness like conjunctivitis and furuncle. He ignores firstborn succession and tried succession into a child of another concubine. Firstborn "An-Qingxu" has felt anger and killed his father. 1:54 / Emperor "Suzong" turns to eyes into the Uighur tribe(ئۇيغۇر) and suggests joining in suppress rebels. Also, He establishes a salt monopoly law for gathering Securing military funds. 2:57 / A 150,000 of Suppression troops (Uighur tribe + Arabian + Each regional troop) was rebuilt and pressure them from all sides. Competent generals "Guo-Ziyi" has succeeded in capture the capital Xian. Emperor "Suzong" order to conqueror north Chinese province to Each Jiedushi and the rebellion was ended with the rebel’s surrender. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *The Description of Shi Siming(史思明) Rebellion* 3:09 / Shi Siming was powerful generals in An Lushan forces but he felt hopeless in rebellion and surrender with his 80,000 troops to the Tang governments. Central government officials tried to kill him with a political plot and he demands punishment Applicable officials to the government. When he has known governments killed surrendered servants and he have caused rebellion again. 4:52 / Despite the Tang governments has 600,000 conscripts, they are all defeat by the Shi Siming attack. Shi Siming marched into Luoyang city. But, his troops blocked by the powerful resistance of Li-Guangbi, and the situation come to a deadlock. Unintentionally, Tang generals "Pugu-Huaien(僕固懷恩)" joined the rebels' side and he captured the chance to march into the west. But he was dead and rebel groups fell into confusion. 5:45 / After Shi Siming died, the Tang dynasty capture chance to suppress the rebellion, but Emperor Suzong couldn't process rightly by Palace eunuch "Li Fuguo(李輔國)" political power abuse and his father political interference. A confusing situation becomes connected like the Uyghur tribe invasion and the Tibetan tribe invasion, and the Emperor's authority was a decrease to the ground. From this point on each regional governors(節度使) ignore the Emperor's order and not sent a suppression army and built an independent kingdom themselves. Also, the tax rate increase with the Zu Yong Diao(租庸調) tax system gives more burden peasant class. Many peasants were dead during this rebellion for eight years 70% of the population was reduced in the entire population. The golden age ended, and the dynasties fell into the chaos for 150 years until perish.
*First Invasion of Tibetan Empire ( Tang dynasty ⚔️ Tibetan Empire )* ⛩️🔥🔥🔥🔥 Before the An Lushan Rebellion was caused, Tibetan Empire has been pressured by the Tang dynasty geopolitically. Tang dynasty enforce the Regional-Jiedushi system, and military reform reinforced national power and pressured Tibetan Empire for a long time, occupied the main strategic point that was located where Yunnan Province, northwestern Sichuan Province. However, such diplomatic supremacy completely turned over since the An Lushan Rebellion. When elite troops stationed in Gansu Province moved into the east, the Tibetan tribes began to invasion, retake several strategic points, and occupied most of Gansu Province. The western part of the Tang dynasty disconnected from mainland china and Beiting and West Protectorate (安西都護府)where located central Aisa became isolated like an island between the Tibetan Empire and Uyghur-Khanate. Emperor Suzong devoted massive tributes (5,000 silk rolls) per year to Tibetan Empire for stopping their invade, but it couldn't stop them. After prince 'Li Yu' ascended the imperial throne, was stopped devoting massive tributes. Tibetan tribes declared war against Tang and began to invade the nearby area of Capitals and Sichuan, mobilized 200,000 troops for taking Tang capitals. October 1, 763, the Tibetan troops captured Gyeong Cheon-Hyeon, Gansu province(涇州), and arrived less than 100 km nearby area from capitals. When Influential Palace eunuch 'Jeong-Wonjin' has received an urgent report, they already have occupied a nearby area. Main force troops stationed in Hebei province couldn't help capitals, and even each local Jiedushi ignored that helps by power-abuse and ingrained conflict of Palace eunuch 'Jeong-Wonjin'. *October 9, the emperor escaped from the Capitals, and Tibetan invaders occupied the capital 'Xian' secondly since the An Lushan invasion.* But Epidemic occurs inner their barrack, and Tang commander 'Guo Ziyi' blocked their food supply. 200,000 Tibetan troops heard a threatening rumor and withdraw on October 21st. Due to this shocking issue, the emperor expelled Influential Palace eunuch 'Jeong-Wonjin' into outside and distrusted each local-Jiedushis because they didn't help the emperor. Especially that doubtful target absolutely focused who Pugu-Huaien. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *The Description of Pugu-Huaien(僕固懷恩)Rebellion ( Tang dynasty ⚔️ Rebels of Pugu-Huaien )* Pugu-Huaien was the most successful guy through suppressing the An Lushan Rebellion, belonged in Tiele tribes(鐵勒), and shown loyalty for Tang dynasty. A 46 of their house families devoted life to Tang Govt and even executed his eldest son to rebuilt broken military discipline themselves. Also, their daughters were married with families in Uyghur Khaganate for national defense, hold significant positions like SakBang-Jiedushi(朔方節度使, Governor of the Gansu Province), Deputy Commander of north China. When the rebellion suppressed in the North China region, authorities have an order to withdraw them. But Influential political servants in the palace claimed he would betray Govts by united with the Uyghur tribe. Govt officials warned them. Pugu-Huaien fall in anxiety and sent a message to the emperor, was plead his innocence with tears himself. In October, the Tibetan tribes invaded capitals 'Xian', but Pugu-Huaien wasn't assembled army. That those actions brought ingrained distrust between the emperor and him, were amplified conflict when adding cunning words of eunuch 'Jung Won-jin'. 5:55 / The rebellion began as a personal conflict between who 'Pugu-Huaien' and Hadong-Jiedushi(河東節度使 / Governor of Shaanxi province). They haven't opened the gate for him when Uyghurs tribes go back to their hometown. Hadong-Jiedushi reported their rebellion allegations, and Pugu-Huaien defended themselves too. Govt couldn't believe both side's reports and have requested to mediate with each other. End of January 764, he caused the rebellion. His sons attacked Taiyuan area(太原) by led Shuofang Commandery troops(朔方郡) but failed from the start. January 20, the rebel's forces scale reduced with massive desertion when Guo-Ziyi(郭子儀)return to suppression troop commander. Furthermore, when his son was murdered by rebel soldiers, the leader 'Pugu-Huaien' give up attacking the Taiyuan area and captured the Yong Province. He requested massive reinforcements from Tibetan Empire. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *Tibetan Empire joined at civil war and extended into World War ( Tang dynasty ⚔️ Tibetan Empire and Uyghur Khanate )* Even though emperor 'Daizong' suggests reconciliation and mercy about rebellion, 'Pugu-Huaien' ignored that sweet and brazen offer. He knew only couldn't change the situation with only own power and called joining at war to the Tibetan Empire and Uyghur-Khanate. As his request, the Uyghur tribes joined at war in august 764 and reached the inner territory of Tang with 120,000 Allied Forces. Meanwhile, Emperor 'Daizong' fall in panic and gave formidable privilege that can diplomatic negotiations with Tibetan and Uyghurs tribe to 'Guo Ziyi(郭子儀)'. Suppression commander 'Guo Ziyi' heard they reached the Binzhou area(滨州市), dispatched 10,000 reinforcements into his son'Guo Xi', and defended their attack. October 7, He planed a counterattack and already moved troops into southern, were repelled their advance with surprise attack on next day.Tibetan and Uyghurs Allied Forces lost a lot of troops and have withdraw into their area themselves. Also, Rebels leader Pugu-Huaien' realize it can't victory against Tang without that those two groups and have withdrawn them. But he didn't give up easily and dispatched his envoys for uprising Tibetan and Uyghurs tribe, include other tribes which live in central Asia. September 765, his plot was successful and massive tribe(Tibetan, Uyghurs, Tuyuhun, Tangut) troops invaded Tang territory once again. When reinforcements arrived, the Pugu-Huaien marched into the south but he died suddenly. *Rebels leader 'Pugu-Huaien' death and invasion allied force collapse* When Pugu-Huaien dead, Invasion troops fall in conflict of who will take command, their march stopped. When invader leader 'Pugu-Huaien' died, Invasion troops fall in conflict of who will take command, their march stopped. On September 15th, Tibetan troops marched until the Baoji area, the SakBang-Jiedushi 'Hun Jian(渾瑊)' defended them. The capital' Xian' and nearby area announced Martial law, mobilized all men that lived inner of capitals. Fortunately, they couldn't march forward because rained during 17 to 25 day, withdraw backward and plunder nearby village. The commander 'Guo Ziyi' came to know that caused conflict between both sides on a base of who leading troops, and have tried to persuade the Uyghur tribe. He succeeds persuade them, the Tibetan invasion army has been shocked by a betrayal of Uyghur tribes and runs away. But Tang-Uyghur Allied Forces chase and smashed them in the field on October 15th. 50,000 Tibetan troops were dead and 10,000 troops captives, retreat with abandon all plunderous treasure. This news spread into other tribes and retreat from the Tang area.
An important thing to remember is that the constant back and fourth of these conflicts often leads to areas being plundered, or worse scorched earth tactics. These events lead to mass starvations and add to a greater death toll of non combatants and combatants.
Tibetans fully deserve it today, taking advantage of Tang Dynasty after it was devastated by an Lüshun conquering the western regions (Xinjiang) and hexi corridor which caused that region to islamize and full of turkic uygurs casuing so much trouble to China today!!
Poor Zhang Xun, nobody remembers that he held back 150K men with barely 10K for 2 years at Suiyang and gave the Tang Dynasty enough time to recover and crush the rebels :( . When the city fell he said "We are out of strength, and can no longer defend the fortress. Although we have failed the emperor in life, we hope to keep killing enemies after death." He was a loyal man 'til the very end, before he was executed he said "I die for my emperor, so I will die in peace.". Mad respects for such a legend.
Yeah, I know, I think they even ate their fallen comrades and enemies alike. I'm not saying that I agree with the canibalization of the population, I just respect his loyalty and resolve to fight 'til the very end.
Not difference...the Siege of Leningrad held the Nazis for 2 years and survive... however they tend to Cannibalize each others so they can Survive and hold the city for longer
Tang at 2:48: Good, the rebellion is crushed Tang (and me) at 2:51: Wait, why did the music change? Fantastic quality as ever! Glad to see the complexity of these events rather than a summary
That is because Shi(史思明) went over to the Tang but then defected back to Yan when he discovered that the Tang had a plot to kill him off just to make sure. The he took over the Yan himself.
Wow, the background showing the terrain really adds a whole new level of detail. These videos just keep improving in quality, who knows how much better the next one is going to be. Good job yet again.
When you thought the boss is defeated 2:51: but the music changes. Also another great video, keep em up. I love learning more about Chinese conflicts of the past!🌟👍
You deserve a million subscribers, the historic accuracy on something that legit happened over 1000 years ago is incredible for anyone to map fully correctly. It’s a shame you aren’t more popular.
@@dehuaipeng3791 The symptoms of disintegration began during the An-Shi Rebellion, the Huang Chao rebellion could probably have not happened, at least the way it did, if this rebellion did not occur.
Yan Xishan 閻錫山 Thats of course related but the fact all the dynasties would all having those rebellion after about 200 years rule，For example，Ming（Shun rebellion）Eeatern Han（Yellow），Qing（Taiping rebellion），and those dynasty were all no experience with a rebellion like Anshi，Without anshi rebellion，Tang would be great for a bit long，probably would have more influence in west region，but Huangchao rebellion isnt something they could escape I think.
*Fun fact* If this rebellion had happened today, it would cased 429 millions of deaths, because 20% of earth's population died in this war, and it was the bloodiest war in history considering the number of people alive at these time's.
The study of "demicide" has become a thing in the past two decades. Matthew White's "The Great Big Book of Horrible Things" (2012), since reprinted under the title "Atrocities" ranks the An Lushan rebellion as the 13th bloodiest episode in human history, accepting estimates of 13,000,000 dead, about 20% of China's population. Listed ahead of it are WWII, Chinggis (Genghiz) Khan's campaigns, Mao Zedong's political campaigns, famines in British India (18th to 20th centuries), the fall of the Ming dynasty, the Taiping rebellion, Stalin's political campaigns, the Mideast slave trade (7th to 19th centuries), the campaigns of Timur Lenkh, the Trans-Atlantic slave trade (16th to 19th centuries), the conquest of the Americas, and World War One, in that order. It's unseemly to quibble about such cataclysms, but, on the other hand, calling this the bloodiest war in human history is a big statement, especially since WWII and the Taiping Rebellion were undoubtedly much worse (22,000,000 died in the Taiping war of 1850-64), not to mention the Manchu conquest of the Ming dynasty and its associated peasant revolts (est. 25,000,000 dead).
I can only imagine the amount of research and editing that went into making this! Very well done! My only issue is the small event messages and how fast they appear and disappear. Maybe have them be bigger next time and have the video pause briefly so we can read them better. They really show the depth of your research and I'd hate to have them go overlooked. Keep these videos coming!
Tibetans fully deserve it today, taking advantage of Tang Dynasty after it was devastated by an Lüshun conquering the western regions (Xinjiang) and hexi corridor which caused that region to islamize and full of turkic uygurs casuing so much trouble to China today!!
By June 756 the rebellion was actually going down to defeat. The Tang forces held Tong Pass(潼關) which blocked the Yen forces while Tang forces in the rear of the rebel advance are cutting them off from their base in the North. Then the Tang emperor, impatient for victory, ordered the Tong Pass(潼關) garrison to strike out against the Yen forces and was destroyed in the open. This then allowed the Yen forces to capture the Tang capital Chang'an by July 756 allow the rebellion to mushroom from there.
Wow, this is the BEST videomapping video I've ever seen! It's amazing how you even added a terrain map, which makes the quality even better, and with all the cities, provinces and rivers shown, this video is very detailed. The music fits as well very well. Keep going! 11/10
and the importance of the rebellion was less in the number of people killed and more in the political fracturing of the Tang that would lead to it's decline and collapse. After this, governors became far more powerful and the imperial court was weakened to the point of virtual insignificance. the video does a great job of showing how this process unfolded during the rebellion, with provinces becoming bigger and lighter blue.
@@ii121The governors became more powerful for 2 reasons. Firstly, the centralized taxation system and controlled silk road economy collapsed, allowing aristocrats to levy their own taxes. Secondly, due to a loss of funds the emperor had to sell beaurocratic titles, rather than hiring based on merit. Those who had money to pay for these titles were local nobility. The Tang dynasty went from a centralized empire to a feudal mess, with local lords competing against each other, until 150 years later it fractured entirely.
The Tang Dynasty up to this point were kinda like the US of its time. Chang’an was very cosmopolitan and had a lot of foreigners; there were Iranians, Greeks, Turks(like An Lushan), and even Somali merchants. But because An Lushan was a foreigner this rebellion led to the Chinese ruling class being distrusting of foreigners
A fantastic video, but I do have two criticisms. the first piece of music feels off with the constant bass drops. The borders of the states don't have enough opacity, especially in the Tang and Uighur borders. Of course, these small details pale in comparison to what the video accomplishes. Ten years worth of frames (around 3650 frames) is something I rarely see yet you somehow manage to pull it off in multiple videos and that just blows me away.
All of the borders are pure black, so it must be the colour juxtaposition, which is the fault of my colour palette and my decision to use a terrain map. Criticism of my music choice is entirely valid, honestly, I saw that piece used in another mapping video and I thought it worked well, so I decided to use it. Thank you for the compliments.
Tibetans fully deserve it today, taking advantage of Tang Dynasty after it was devastated by an Lüshun conquering the western regions (Xinjiang) and hexi corridor which caused that region to islamize and full of turkic uygurs casuing so much trouble to China today!!
Great work. Other videos I watched pretty much implied that the rebellion ended shortly after Lushan's death and the reconquest of Yan northern China. Didn't realize there was an echo-rebellion If possible, could you do the Red Turban Rebellion / Fall of Yuan. It's not covered anywhere on youtube yet it's such an enormous event
4:46, “Huaibei” should be “Pinglu” （平卢, which corresponded to nowadays Hebei）. As in year 761, Pinglu Jiedushi landed in Shandong to escape from the war in Hebei.
@@yanxishan6575 But Li Guangbi's control of Huaibei should not include Shandong. In fact, after Pinglu landed in Shandong, they became a warlord which had the real control there, and soon became the largest contemporary warlord 15 years after the rebellion was hastily put down.
Tang: *has a plan to kill Shi Siming* Shi Siming: *Finds out about Plan* Shi Siming: *Defects again* War: *Lasts even longer* Tang: *Surprised Pikachu Face*
This rebellion also ended the expansion of Tang dynasty in the middle Asia. The possible fighting back for the defeat in the battle of Talas disappeared, just like the chaos in Mongolia caused by the death of Genghis Khan ended the expansion of Mongolian.
Amazing work! Would you consider extending this in the future to include Uyghur and Tibet fighting over remains of Anxi and the early revolts of the Jiedushi?
Tibetans fully deserve it today, taking advantage of Tang Dynasty after it was devastated by an Lüshun conquering the western regions (Xinjiang) and hexi corridor which caused that region to islamize and full of turkic uygurs casuing so much trouble to China today!!
Kudos to Emperor Suzong for giving all his reign and in efforts to supress the rebellion. He died supressing this evil An Lushan, the most traitor of all traitor in Chinese history.
I can't find anything on that Yuan Shao (5:50) who led the Jiangnan peasants, is there an article about him? I only find Yuan Shao from the three kingdoms era
But after this rebellion Tang dynasty was severely weakened. This rebellion kinda pushed China off from the world's top1 superpower for hundreds of years until the establishment of Yuan dynasty
![[Inaccurate] The Warlord Era: Every Other Day](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/olJiyaSYeUI/mqdefault.jpg)
![[Inaccurate] The Warlord Era: Every Other Day](/img/tr.png)
*The Description of An Lushan(安禄山) Rebellion*
*BACKGROUND:* The based Fubing system(府兵制) on the Tang dynasty military system was collapsed by continuous and frequent overseas military expeditions. Also, the powerful Chancellor" Li-Linfu(李林甫)" blocked new political forces emerge and kick them into regional places. Emperor "Xuanzong" change the military system into a Volunteer military from Conscription and give the privilege of Military command who each Jiedushi (節度使)(regional governor), for national defense.
0:20 / North china governor "An-Lushan(安禄山)" has rebel with his 150,000 troops and 8,000 cavalries. He can't patient for political monopolization and offensive by Yang-Guozhong and publish a slogan "Let's kill the Yang-Guozhong". Such a slogan was accepted for North china province officials without any problem. December 12, 755, he crosses the Yangtze river and captured the Yeong-chang, Park-Neung, Sang-san, Jinr-yu, Hyeong-yang city, and marched into the capital Xian.
0:23 / Meanwhile, the Capitals garrison only left 40,000 ~ 50,000 troops, and Central governments build the defense line to stop the Capital fall, gather 110,000 troops (peasant troops) urgently. But the defense line was collapsed easily and Capitals "Xian" occupied by the rebel’s attack.
0:37 / Tang governments understand the severity of the situation and began to counterattack by appointing Guo-Ziyi(郭子儀) and Li-Guangbi(李光弼). They confront Rebels generals "Shi-Siming"(史思明)force and cutting the supply route and defeat them. Especially, In the Ga-San battle, both generals have crush victory against the rebel’s forces and Shi-Siming has lost 40,000 troops among 50,000 troops and run away with barefoot.
0:49 / An Lushan and his rebel’s province reduced into capitals and around the place. But, Yang-Guozhong hated Ga-Seo-Han(Dongguan-Commander) and suggest attack rebels to the emperor. Emperor "Xuanzong" listen to his word and order to attack rebels. Ridiculously, Ga-Seo-Han has surrendered to rebels, and the Dongguan defense line collapsed.
1:03 / After the Dongguan defense line collapses, the Tang imperial families and palace servants, government officials evacuate into Sichuan Province, and Yang-families were killed by palace guards, include with Yang Guifei(楊貴妃) and Yang Guozhong(楊國忠). In a terrible state, Li-Yu(Son of Xuanzong) has been ascended imperials throne instead of his father, with palace guards helps. He builds the defense line into both sides (North & South) and tried to gather suppression troops. In the meantime, Li-Lin (Son of Xuanzong) has caused a rebellion against the Tang governments and build an Independent government in a south Chinese province. But, that rebellion is suppressed just one year.
1:10 / Rebels leader "An-Lushan" has felt very confident in the plan of destroying the Tang dynasty and have become the emperor himself. But, the Turkic tribe deviates from the rebels group. Rebels weaken the power and the leader "An-Lushan" have an illness like conjunctivitis and furuncle. He ignores firstborn succession and tried succession into a child of another concubine. Firstborn "An-Qingxu" has felt anger and killed his father.
1:54 / Emperor "Suzong" turns to eyes into the Uighur tribe(ئۇيغۇر) and suggests joining in suppress rebels. Also, He establishes a salt monopoly law for gathering Securing military funds.
2:57 / A 150,000 of Suppression troops (Uighur tribe + Arabian + Each regional troop) was rebuilt and pressure them from all sides. Competent generals "Guo-Ziyi" has succeeded in capture the capital Xian. Emperor "Suzong" order to conqueror north Chinese province to Each Jiedushi and the rebellion was ended with the rebel’s surrender.
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*The Description of Shi Siming(史思明) Rebellion*
3:09 / Shi Siming was powerful generals in An Lushan forces but he felt hopeless in rebellion and surrender with his 80,000 troops to the Tang governments. Central government officials tried to kill him with a political plot and he demands punishment Applicable officials to the government. When he has known governments killed surrendered servants and he have caused rebellion again.
4:52 / Despite the Tang governments has 600,000 conscripts, they are all defeat by the Shi Siming attack. Shi Siming marched into Luoyang city. But, his troops blocked by the powerful resistance of Li-Guangbi, and the situation come to a deadlock. Unintentionally, Tang generals "Pugu-Huaien(僕固懷恩)" joined the rebels' side and he captured the chance to march into the west. But he was dead and rebel groups fell into confusion.
5:45 / After Shi Siming died, the Tang dynasty capture chance to suppress the rebellion, but Emperor Suzong couldn't process rightly by Palace eunuch "Li Fuguo(李輔國)" political power abuse and his father political interference. A confusing situation becomes connected like the Uyghur tribe invasion and the Tibetan tribe invasion, and the Emperor's authority was a decrease to the ground. From this point on each regional governors(節度使) ignore the Emperor's order and not sent a suppression army and built an independent kingdom themselves. Also, the tax rate increase with the Zu Yong Diao(租庸調) tax system gives more burden peasant class. Many peasants were dead during this rebellion for eight years 70% of the population was reduced in the entire population. The golden age ended, and the dynasties fell into the chaos for 150 years until perish.
*First Invasion of Tibetan Empire ( Tang dynasty ⚔️ Tibetan Empire )* ⛩️🔥🔥🔥🔥
Before the An Lushan Rebellion was caused, Tibetan Empire has been pressured by the Tang dynasty geopolitically. Tang dynasty enforce the Regional-Jiedushi system, and military reform reinforced national power and pressured Tibetan Empire for a long time, occupied the main strategic point that was located where Yunnan Province, northwestern Sichuan Province. However, such diplomatic supremacy completely turned over since the An Lushan Rebellion. When elite troops stationed in Gansu Province moved into the east, the Tibetan tribes began to invasion, retake several strategic points, and occupied most of Gansu Province. The western part of the Tang dynasty disconnected from mainland china and Beiting and West Protectorate (安西都護府)where located central Aisa became isolated like an island between the Tibetan Empire and Uyghur-Khanate. Emperor Suzong devoted massive tributes (5,000 silk rolls) per year to Tibetan Empire for stopping their invade, but it couldn't stop them.
After prince 'Li Yu' ascended the imperial throne, was stopped devoting massive tributes. Tibetan tribes declared war against Tang and began to invade the nearby area of Capitals and Sichuan, mobilized 200,000 troops for taking Tang capitals. October 1, 763, the Tibetan troops captured Gyeong Cheon-Hyeon, Gansu province(涇州), and arrived less than 100 km nearby area from capitals. When Influential Palace eunuch 'Jeong-Wonjin' has received an urgent report, they already have occupied a nearby area. Main force troops stationed in Hebei province couldn't help capitals, and even each local Jiedushi ignored that helps by power-abuse and ingrained conflict of Palace eunuch 'Jeong-Wonjin'. *October 9, the emperor escaped from the Capitals, and Tibetan invaders occupied the capital 'Xian' secondly since the An Lushan invasion.* But Epidemic occurs inner their barrack, and Tang commander 'Guo Ziyi' blocked their food supply. 200,000 Tibetan troops heard a threatening rumor and withdraw on October 21st. Due to this shocking issue, the emperor expelled Influential Palace eunuch 'Jeong-Wonjin' into outside and distrusted each local-Jiedushis because they didn't help the emperor. Especially that doubtful target absolutely focused who Pugu-Huaien.
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*The Description of Pugu-Huaien(僕固懷恩)Rebellion ( Tang dynasty ⚔️ Rebels of Pugu-Huaien )*
Pugu-Huaien was the most successful guy through suppressing the An Lushan Rebellion, belonged in Tiele tribes(鐵勒), and shown loyalty for Tang dynasty. A 46 of their house families devoted life to Tang Govt and even executed his eldest son to rebuilt broken military discipline themselves. Also, their daughters were married with families in Uyghur Khaganate for national defense, hold significant positions like SakBang-Jiedushi(朔方節度使, Governor of the Gansu Province), Deputy Commander of north China. When the rebellion suppressed in the North China region, authorities have an order to withdraw them. But Influential political servants in the palace claimed he would betray Govts by united with the Uyghur tribe. Govt officials warned them. Pugu-Huaien fall in anxiety and sent a message to the emperor, was plead his innocence with tears himself. In October, the Tibetan tribes invaded capitals 'Xian', but Pugu-Huaien wasn't assembled army. That those actions brought ingrained distrust between the emperor and him, were amplified conflict when adding cunning words of eunuch 'Jung Won-jin'.
5:55 / The rebellion began as a personal conflict between who 'Pugu-Huaien' and Hadong-Jiedushi(河東節度使 / Governor of Shaanxi province). They haven't opened the gate for him when Uyghurs tribes go back to their hometown. Hadong-Jiedushi reported their rebellion allegations, and Pugu-Huaien defended themselves too. Govt couldn't believe both side's reports and have requested to mediate with each other. End of January 764, he caused the rebellion. His sons attacked Taiyuan area(太原) by led Shuofang Commandery troops(朔方郡) but failed from the start. January 20, the rebel's forces scale reduced with massive desertion when Guo-Ziyi(郭子儀)return to suppression troop commander. Furthermore, when his son was murdered by rebel soldiers, the leader 'Pugu-Huaien' give up attacking the Taiyuan area and captured the Yong Province. He requested massive reinforcements from Tibetan Empire.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Tibetan Empire joined at civil war and extended into World War ( Tang dynasty ⚔️ Tibetan Empire and Uyghur Khanate )*
Even though emperor 'Daizong' suggests reconciliation and mercy about rebellion, 'Pugu-Huaien' ignored that sweet and brazen offer. He knew only couldn't change the situation with only own power and called joining at war to the Tibetan Empire and Uyghur-Khanate. As his request, the Uyghur tribes joined at war in august 764 and reached the inner territory of Tang with 120,000 Allied Forces. Meanwhile, Emperor 'Daizong' fall in panic and gave formidable privilege that can diplomatic negotiations with Tibetan and Uyghurs tribe to 'Guo Ziyi(郭子儀)'. Suppression commander 'Guo Ziyi' heard they reached the Binzhou area(滨州市), dispatched 10,000 reinforcements into his son'Guo Xi', and defended their attack. October 7, He planed a counterattack and already moved troops into southern, were repelled their advance with surprise attack on next day.Tibetan and Uyghurs Allied Forces lost a lot of troops and have withdraw into their area themselves. Also, Rebels leader Pugu-Huaien' realize it can't victory against Tang without that those two groups and have withdrawn them. But he didn't give up easily and dispatched his envoys for uprising Tibetan and Uyghurs tribe, include other tribes which live in central Asia. September 765, his plot was successful and massive tribe(Tibetan, Uyghurs, Tuyuhun, Tangut) troops invaded Tang territory once again. When reinforcements arrived, the Pugu-Huaien marched into the south but he died suddenly.
*Rebels leader 'Pugu-Huaien' death and invasion allied force collapse*
When Pugu-Huaien dead, Invasion troops fall in conflict of who will take command, their march stopped. When invader leader 'Pugu-Huaien' died, Invasion troops fall in conflict of who will take command, their march stopped. On September 15th, Tibetan troops marched until the Baoji area, the SakBang-Jiedushi 'Hun Jian(渾瑊)' defended them. The capital' Xian' and nearby area announced Martial law, mobilized all men that lived inner of capitals.
Fortunately, they couldn't march forward because rained during 17 to 25 day, withdraw backward and plunder nearby village. The commander 'Guo Ziyi' came to know that caused conflict between both sides on a base of who leading troops, and have tried to persuade the Uyghur tribe. He succeeds persuade them, the Tibetan invasion army has been shocked by a betrayal of Uyghur tribes and runs away. But Tang-Uyghur Allied Forces chase and smashed them in the field on October 15th. 50,000 Tibetan troops were dead and 10,000 troops captives, retreat with abandon all plunderous treasure. This news spread into other tribes and retreat from the Tang area.
Wait til some guy says “give this legend a award”
20000-30000 civilians eaten, decisive victory
@@guester_blaster2013 It was you
An important thing to remember is that the constant back and fourth of these conflicts often leads to areas being plundered, or worse scorched earth tactics. These events lead to mass starvations and add to a greater death toll of non combatants and combatants.
Tibetans fully deserve it today, taking advantage of Tang Dynasty after it was devastated by an Lüshun conquering the western regions (Xinjiang) and hexi corridor which caused that region to islamize and full of turkic uygurs casuing so much trouble to China today!!
@@太守苏定交趾 No one deserves anything today for what happened almost 1300 years ago. Empires always have preyed on each other in times of weakness.
@CS Ghost Animation I did not know you were interested in history :))
qing taking advantage of ming devastated by zicheng conquering the western region
@@kazaddum2448 don’t bother with someone less mature then a toddler
Poor Zhang Xun, nobody remembers that he held back 150K men with barely 10K for 2 years at Suiyang and gave the Tang Dynasty enough time to recover and crush the rebels :( .
When the city fell he said "We are out of strength, and can no longer defend the fortress. Although we have failed the emperor in life, we hope to keep killing enemies after death." He was a loyal man 'til the very end, before he was executed he said "I die for my emperor, so I will die in peace.". Mad respects for such a legend.
but he and his men eat all the civilians inside the fortress,.even tang court appalled to reward any title to him afterwards
Yeah, I know, I think they even ate their fallen comrades and enemies alike.
I'm not saying that I agree with the canibalization of the population, I just respect his loyalty and resolve to fight 'til the very end.
Not difference...the Siege of Leningrad held the Nazis for 2 years and survive... however they tend to Cannibalize each others so they can Survive and hold the city for longer
张巡不愧是大唐第一将，8千人抗击尹子奇13万贼虏
Reason why he didn't get remember because.
A Fuck Ton of Cannibalism obviously.
Tang at 2:48: Good, the rebellion is crushed
Tang (and me) at 2:51: Wait, why did the music change?
Fantastic quality as ever! Glad to see the complexity of these events rather than a summary
Why do I hear boss music
Tang: Seems like the game is over.
Great Yan: What about a round 2?
That is because Shi(史思明) went over to the Tang but then defected back to Yan when he discovered that the Tang had a plot to kill him off just to make sure. The he took over the Yan himself.
Lol True
Top ten anime come back: the episode when Yecheng is relieved
2:51 - When the stage boss is defeated and reveals his second form, which is stronger.
Wow, the background showing the terrain really adds a whole new level of detail. These videos just keep improving in quality, who knows how much better the next one is going to be. Good job yet again.
Your animations continue to endlessly astound and amaze. One can only wonder how you manage to produce true art in mere months.
When you thought the boss is defeated 2:51: but the music changes. Also another great video, keep em up. I love learning more about Chinese conflicts of the past!🌟👍
Wos the animation is amazing and the borders, cities, and fronts look wonderful. Good job!
You deserve a million subscribers, the historic accuracy on something that legit happened over 1000 years ago is incredible for anyone to map fully correctly. It’s a shame you aren’t more popular.
Because of this incident, local control is weakened, and Huang Chao Rebellion happens later.
Huang chao Rebellion happened like hundred of years later，I don't think it's good to connecting them together.
@@dehuaipeng3791 The symptoms of disintegration began during the An-Shi Rebellion, the Huang Chao rebellion could probably have not happened, at least the way it did, if this rebellion did not occur.
Yan Xishan 閻錫山 Thats of course related but the fact all the dynasties would all having those rebellion after about 200 years rule，For example，Ming（Shun rebellion）Eeatern Han（Yellow），Qing（Taiping rebellion），and those dynasty were all no experience with a rebellion like Anshi，Without anshi rebellion，Tang would be great for a bit long，probably would have more influence in west region，but Huangchao rebellion isnt something they could escape I think.
Yan Xishan 閻錫山 And by the way ur video are pretty good，especially the Chinese civil war，and Ming Qing trans.
@@yanxishan6575 could you make a video on the boxer rebellion or history of 20th century xinjiang? I think it would be nice
*Fun fact*
If this rebellion had happened today, it would cased 429 millions of deaths, because 20% of earth's population died in this war, and it was the bloodiest war in history considering the number of people alive at these time's.
@@gastonestbon5439 What?
@@gastonestbon5439 It was 20% of earth population.
@@gastonestbon5439 According to Steven Pinker it was worst conflict that ever happened.
The study of "demicide" has become a thing in the past two decades. Matthew White's "The Great Big Book of Horrible Things" (2012), since reprinted under the title "Atrocities" ranks the An Lushan rebellion as the 13th bloodiest episode in human history, accepting estimates of 13,000,000 dead, about 20% of China's population. Listed ahead of it are WWII, Chinggis (Genghiz) Khan's campaigns, Mao Zedong's political campaigns, famines in British India (18th to 20th centuries), the fall of the Ming dynasty, the Taiping rebellion, Stalin's political campaigns, the Mideast slave trade (7th to 19th centuries), the campaigns of Timur Lenkh, the Trans-Atlantic slave trade (16th to 19th centuries), the conquest of the Americas, and World War One, in that order. It's unseemly to quibble about such cataclysms, but, on the other hand, calling this the bloodiest war in human history is a big statement, especially since WWII and the Taiping Rebellion were undoubtedly much worse (22,000,000 died in the Taiping war of 1850-64), not to mention the Manchu conquest of the Ming dynasty and its associated peasant revolts (est. 25,000,000 dead).
according to wikipedia, estimates range between 5% and 20% of the world population
You definitely have one of the most underrated RUclips history channels.
@Nigeria Bat Mapping He did'nt have as many when I made that comment.
@Nigeria Mapping 20k isn't that much
Yan Rebellion's Shi Siming was actually one of the most badass strategists during this war, almost equivalent, or even better than Tang's Guo Ziyi.
Why call shimin as cool? He kill 20% of china.
But is Shi Siming better than Zhang Xun
Facinating. I've been looking so long for this!
I can only imagine the amount of research and editing that went into making this! Very well done! My only issue is the small event messages and how fast they appear and disappear. Maybe have them be bigger next time and have the video pause briefly so we can read them better. They really show the depth of your research and I'd hate to have them go overlooked.
Keep these videos coming!
Those small event messages are a little too small, that’s my only critique. otherwise, awesome video!
Agreed
Wait there is event messages?
Agreed
Well that and the music.
Tibetans fully deserve it today, taking advantage of Tang Dynasty after it was devastated by an Lüshun conquering the western regions (Xinjiang) and hexi corridor which caused that region to islamize and full of turkic uygurs casuing so much trouble to China today!!
Real victors of this war:
- Nanzhao
- Great Tibet
I learned that this war was catastrophic for China :(
This rebellion caused a huge disaster to ancient China, which also influenced the next several centuries.
End of Pax-Sinica, central plain Chinese powers would never again reach Tang level of influence until arguably current era.
Indeed, this is the turning point of Chinese civilization turning to decline
In general, excellent video! I largely underestimated the extent and devastation of the rebellion before seeing your video. Thank you!
By June 756 the rebellion was actually going down to defeat. The Tang forces held Tong Pass(潼關) which blocked the Yen forces while Tang forces in the rear of the rebel advance are cutting them off from their base in the North. Then the Tang emperor, impatient for victory, ordered the Tong Pass(潼關) garrison to strike out against the Yen forces and was destroyed in the open. This then allowed the Yen forces to capture the Tang capital Chang'an by July 756 allow the rebellion to mushroom from there.
Oh my god, the new mapping style here is glorious.
Wow, this is the BEST videomapping video I've ever seen! It's amazing how you even added a terrain map, which makes the quality even better, and with all the cities, provinces and rivers shown, this video is very detailed. The music fits as well very well. Keep going! 11/10
You are amazing, you are constantly outdoing expectations. Thank you.
Another amazing piece of art Yan, always supporting you from Korea!
in this eight years, 25-30% population loss
Most of them not died, but evacuated to avoid war damage and were not registered in population. After the war the population recovered rapidly.
and the importance of the rebellion was less in the number of people killed and more in the political fracturing of the Tang that would lead to it's decline and collapse. After this, governors became far more powerful and the imperial court was weakened to the point of virtual insignificance.
the video does a great job of showing how this process unfolded during the rebellion, with provinces becoming bigger and lighter blue.
@@MFSGEORGE.S damn, evacuation in the 8th century? I wonder how that went down
Chang'an, Tang's capital, fell down several times, so registration of population went malfunction.
@@ii121The governors became more powerful for 2 reasons.
Firstly, the centralized taxation system and controlled silk road economy collapsed, allowing aristocrats to levy their own taxes.
Secondly, due to a loss of funds the emperor had to sell beaurocratic titles, rather than hiring based on merit. Those who had money to pay for these titles were local nobility.
The Tang dynasty went from a centralized empire to a feudal mess, with local lords competing against each other, until 150 years later it fractured entirely.
The Tang Dynasty up to this point were kinda like the US of its time. Chang’an was very cosmopolitan and had a lot of foreigners; there were Iranians, Greeks, Turks(like An Lushan), and even Somali merchants. But because An Lushan was a foreigner this rebellion led to the Chinese ruling class being distrusting of foreigners
@Accelerated An's mother was a Turk, but his father Sogdian.
your work never ceases to inspire
This shows Tang's turning point but actually Tang's territory is going downhill since the reborn of Eastern Turkic Khaganate in WuZhou武周 times
The second Turkic Khaganate was destroyed by Ugyhur Uprising and the Ugyhurs Khaganate had a very good relationship to Tang
So many infomation, I had to pause every frame, great video!
Wow! Great Job! Absolutely Fabolous!
This was amazing as usual! It would have been nice for the text explaining events to be a little bigger but oh well, only a minor issue.
Me @ 0:45 : "Well, that's it Tang win."
*sees the video timestamp barely reach 1 minute*
Me : *OH*
Great video as always!
oh damn... I didn't expect the Mirai Nikki OST in a mapping video (gave me a good laugh).
Anyway, impressive job as always!
A fantastic video, but I do have two criticisms. the first piece of music feels off with the constant bass drops. The borders of the states don't have enough opacity, especially in the Tang and Uighur borders. Of course, these small details pale in comparison to what the video accomplishes. Ten years worth of frames (around 3650 frames) is something I rarely see yet you somehow manage to pull it off in multiple videos and that just blows me away.
All of the borders are pure black, so it must be the colour juxtaposition, which is the fault of my colour palette and my decision to use a terrain map. Criticism of my music choice is entirely valid, honestly, I saw that piece used in another mapping video and I thought it worked well, so I decided to use it. Thank you for the compliments.
@@yanxishan6575. Emm Mr. Yan Xishan, You please make a video of Sino Japanese war again? Please.
Tibetans fully deserve it today, taking advantage of Tang Dynasty after it was devastated by an Lüshun conquering the western regions (Xinjiang) and hexi corridor which caused that region to islamize and full of turkic uygurs casuing so much trouble to China today!!
@@太守苏定交趾 what kind of brain dead logic is that? "They wronged us hundreds of years ago so they should be wiped out!1!11". What nonsense.
@The Hetman Mapping Khey Pard's new Byzantine video has 13000....b r u h
Great music choices (and video too, of course) as always Yan Xishan
Great video with great detail, as always. Great job!
Nice video and an interesting choice of music...
I'm surprised you didn't include the brief Tibetan occupation of Chang'an in 763 though.
I’ve subscribed , waiting for the next video. 😄
Can you do a “Han-Xiongnu War” please? ^~^
One of the best mapper of RUclips! Yan Xishan!
This is the great Rebellion In Word History The victims were far greater than in World War 1, even though this was not the case in the Modern era....
The beast is back with more maps !
All leaders come and go, yet Trisong Detsen is immortal.
Amazing Work!
Perfect as always!
This is sick, awesome work!
Very careful research and edit, Fabulous!
Beautiful video!!!
Another masterpiece
Brilliant
Great work. Other videos I watched pretty much implied that the rebellion ended shortly after Lushan's death and the reconquest of Yan northern China. Didn't realize there was an echo-rebellion
If possible, could you do the Red Turban Rebellion / Fall of Yuan. It's not covered anywhere on youtube yet it's such an enormous event
There were many surprising twists.
Yan Xishan is definitely does the highest quality mapping work with the best detail.
Nice video !
One of the biggest turning points in Chinese history
黃巢之亂next!
maybe the late yang dynasty would be fun to watch as a whole.
Nice addition of terrain!
影片做的很好，完美呈現了安史之亂
Thank you. 👍
*Yuan Shao casually revives from 200 AD to fight in another civil war and lose in a disappointing fashion. *
Great, Yan!
It took me three months to realise this was a pun
@@yanxishan6575 Better late than never.
Nice to see accurate coastlines!
Another masterpiece.
The picture of Shi Chaoyi belongs to
Du Fu actually
Very good as always, nice musics 👏👏👏👏👏
This must have seemed like the end pf the world for those living through it
Moral from this history : money and gold can't buy loyalty and be aware giving person for absolute power and trust.
So true !
Uyghurs: I'm gonna do a pro-gamer move and invade.
Tang: Please don't.
Uyghurs: aight
4:46, “Huaibei” should be “Pinglu” （平卢, which corresponded to nowadays Hebei）. As in year 761, Pinglu Jiedushi landed in Shandong to escape from the war in Hebei.
I was representing Li Guangbi's control of Huaibei, although yes, Pinglu did send its army to Huaibei to participate in the war.
@@yanxishan6575 But Li Guangbi's control of Huaibei should not include Shandong. In fact, after Pinglu landed in Shandong, they became a warlord which had the real control there, and soon became the largest contemporary warlord 15 years after the rebellion was hastily put down.
錫山兄，您的作品太棒了，对我很有帮助
Great work!
Well I just found an underrated RUclips channel
Great Tang's tragedy
Nice video bro
Tang: *has a plan to kill Shi Siming*
Shi Siming: *Finds out about Plan*
Shi Siming: *Defects again*
War: *Lasts even longer*
Tang: *Surprised Pikachu Face*
This rebellion also ended the expansion of Tang dynasty in the middle Asia. The possible fighting back for the defeat in the battle of Talas disappeared, just like the chaos in Mongolia caused by the death of Genghis Khan ended the expansion of Mongolian.
One of the biggest turning points in ancient Chinese history that almost halved 1/2 of the empires' population.
I like the video,but the events for the font could be bigger and more readable
Great work as usual. Just a thing i dont like is the small text that describing current events. Jumping between map and that text is really painful
So, this is what it's this famous rebellion about which I've been recently hearing!
Good job.
Amazing work! Would you consider extending this in the future to include Uyghur and Tibet fighting over remains of Anxi and the early revolts of the Jiedushi?
one of the bloodiest war in Asia, well done
Ik the Tang died afterwards but you'd think a war like this would make them collapse
amazing video!
Nice job!
Tibetans fully deserve it today, taking advantage of Tang Dynasty after it was devastated by an Lüshun conquering the western regions (Xinjiang) and hexi corridor which caused that region to islamize and full of turkic uygurs casuing so much trouble to China today!!
Amazing
Wow 20k subs very soon 😄👌
Kudos to Emperor Suzong for giving all his reign and in efforts to supress the rebellion. He died supressing this evil An Lushan, the most traitor of all traitor in Chinese history.
Awesome
I like how you updated your maps! I'm not feeling the music for this video, it sounds too "off"
Who must I consult to satisfy the mapping community's music tastes.
@@yanxishan6575 I'm expressing my opinion, others may like it, you can use anything you want.
I thought the music was fine, better than alot of the generic stuff I hear over and over
I can't find anything on that Yuan Shao (5:50) who led the Jiangnan peasants, is there an article about him? I only find Yuan Shao from the three kingdoms era
I think its a mistake, it should be 袁晁(YuanChao),Not 袁绍(YuanShao)
zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E6%99%81
I didn't ðink someone could make someðing better þan Ollie Bye, but you did it, and very constantly, great work!
This is Incredible, do you post also on bilibili?
>30000 Civilians were eaten, Tang strategic victory
Can you do the unification war of korea(silla, baekjae and goguryeo)?
The Tang dynasty survived to all of that?!? Wow
But after this rebellion Tang dynasty was severely weakened. This rebellion kinda pushed China off from the world's top1 superpower for hundreds of years until the establishment of Yuan dynasty
@@sdsdfgleHistory: No but because of the civil wars
What a horrific time this was to live in China. Horrific but also extraordinary interesting.
China is a place on when it sets on.a golden age u prosper as high as heaven, but when it set on a dark age u fall as low as hell.
Im a simple man: i see Yan Xishan post, i watch
Masterpiece!
cool based and epic video