IMMUNOLOGY FOR CSIR NET | COMPLEMENT SYSTEM, CLASSICAL PATHWAY, ALTERNATE PATHWAY | BY PARAM SIR

IMMUNOLOGY FOR CSIR NET | COMPLEMENT SYSTEM, CLASSICAL PATHWAY, ALTERNATE PATHWAY | BY PARAM SIR
Lecture Highlights
📘 Core Topics:
Overview of the Complement System.
Mechanisms of the Classical Pathway.
Steps of the Alternate Pathway.
Importance in Immunity and Disease.
Topics Covered
1. Complement System Overview
Definition: The complement system is a part of the innate immune system consisting of proteins that enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens.
Components:
Serum proteins (C1 to C9).
Regulatory proteins (e.g., C1 inhibitor).
Receptors (e.g., CR1, CR3).
Functions:
Opsonization of pathogens (marking them for phagocytosis).
Lysis of cells through the membrane attack complex (MAC).
Inflammation by recruiting immune cells.
2. Classical Pathway
Trigger: Antigen-antibody complexes (IgG or IgM).
Key Steps:
C1 Activation: Binding of C1q to antibody-antigen complex activates C1r and C1s.
C4 and C2 Cleavage: C1s cleaves C4 into C4a and C4b; C4b binds to the pathogen surface.
Formation of C3 Convertase: C4b2a cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b.
C5 Convertase Formation: Addition of C3b forms C4b2a3b, which cleaves C5.
MAC Assembly: Sequential activation of C6, C7, C8, and C9 forms a pore in the pathogen's membrane.
Outcome:
Cell lysis via MAC.
Recruitment of inflammatory mediators (C3a, C5a).
Phagocytosis enhancement by C3b.
3. Alternate Pathway
Trigger: Pathogen surfaces (LPS, zymosan) and spontaneous hydrolysis of C3.
Key Steps:
Spontaneous C3 Hydrolysis: Forms C3(H2O).
Factor B Binding: C3(H2O) binds Factor B, which is cleaved by Factor D to form C3(H2O)Bb.
Formation of C3 Convertase: C3bBb cleaves more C3 to amplify the pathway.
C5 Convertase Formation: Addition of another C3b molecule forms C3bBbC3b.
MAC Assembly: Similar to the classical pathway.
Outcome:
Pathogen lysis.
Amplified immune response without the need for antibodies.
4. Key Differences Between Pathways
Classical Pathway Alternate Pathway
Triggered by antigen-antibody complexes. Triggered by pathogen surfaces.
Requires C1 complex for activation. Does not involve C1, C2, or C4.
Specific and adaptive immunity role. Part of innate immunity.
5. Role of Complement in Disease
Protective Role:
Clears infections by bacteria, viruses, and immune complexes.
Pathological Role:
Overactivation: Autoimmune diseases (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis).
Deficiency: Recurrent bacterial infections.
Why Is This Important for CSIR NET?
✅ High Yield Topic: Frequently asked in Part C of the Life Sciences paper.
✅ Cross-Linkage: Connects innate and adaptive immunity.
✅ Conceptual Questions: Focus on activation pathways, regulatory mechanisms, and clinical implications.
Preparation Tips
🎯 Focus Areas:
Mechanisms of C3 and C5 convertase formation.
Comparison between classical and alternate pathways.
Regulatory proteins and their importance.
Pathological conditions linked to complement system dysfunction.
Param Sir’s Lecture Takeaways
✅ Clear and concise breakdown of complex pathways.
✅ Practical examples and mnemonics for easy recall.
✅ Focus on frequently tested concepts for CSIR NET.
🛡️ Master the Complement System for CSIR NET Dec 2024 with Param Sir!
📢 Learn with expert guidance to boost your immunology concepts.
#CSIRNET2024 #ComplementSystem #LifeScience #ParamSir
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00:30 Complement System Overview
01:15 Opsinoin | Opsonization
04:20 Classical Pathway | Antibody Dependent Complement System Pathway
07:32 C5 Convertase
10:18 Alternate Pathway | Antibody Independent Complement System Pathway
12:40 MBL Parthway | Mannose Binding Lactin Pathway
13:16 Summary
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Thankyou sir 🙏

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