How to Configure SD-WAN Rule in FortiGate Firewall - Class 12

SDWAN rule in the context of a FortiGate firewall or other SDWAN solutions is a policy or set of instructions that defines how traffic should be managed and routed across multiple WAN connections. These rules are crucial for optimizing network performance, ensuring reliability, and managing traffic according to specific business requirements.
Key Elements of an SDWAN Rule
Traffic Classification:
Source and Destination: Specifies which source and destination IP addresses, subnets, or services the rule applies to.
Applications: Defines which applications or types of traffic e.g., HTTP, VoIP, video, the rule targets.
Routing Decision:
Primary and Backup Links: Determines which WAN links should be used as primary or backup options based on the rule’s conditions.
Load Balancing: Distributes traffic across multiple WAN links according to defined criteria e.g., bandwidth, latency.
Performance Metrics:
Link Health Monitoring: Includes criteria for checking the performance and health of WAN links, such as latency, packet loss, and jitter.
Thresholds: Sets thresholds for performance metrics to trigger changes in routing or link usage.
QoS Policies:
Prioritization: Establishes priorities for different types of traffic, ensuring critical applications get the necessary bandwidth and low latency.
Bandwidth Management: Allocates bandwidth to different traffic types according to the rules.
Failover and Redundancy:
Automatic Failover: Configures rules to automatically switch traffic to a backup link if the primary link fails or degrades.
Redundancy Management: Ensures continuous network connectivity by managing multiple WAN connections.
Security Policies:
Segmentation: Applies rules to segment traffic based on security requirements, such as routing sensitive data through secure links.
Compliance: Enforces policies to meet compliance and regulatory requirements.
Example of an SD-WAN Rule
Rule Name: High-Priority VoIP Traffic
Source: All internal IP addresses
Destination: All external IP addresses
Application: VoIP
Primary WAN Link: High-bandwidth link - Link A
Backup WAN Link: Lower-bandwidth link - Link B
Performance Metrics: Latency greater than 20ms, Packet Loss less than 1%
Action: Route VoIP traffic through Link A; failover to Link B if Link A fails or performs poorly.
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