In answer to your question at the 9:25 mark or thereabouts - yes, the plague was brought to the Hittites via Egyptian prisoners of war...or so the Hittite texts tell us. See Chapter 2 in 1177 BC. Nice job, both of you!
I actually facepalmed myself after my interview with you for not bringing up that as well, haha. Thanks for watching and I appreciate the shoutout and support!
In my California county near San Francisco, the first occurrences of COVID have been definitively tracked to the arrival of three infected cruise ship passengers in January 2020, not by air travel passengers (which did happen the following month in another area county). There was community transmission before these three unfortunate individuals were diagnosed and isolated, all three died.
fascinating series. Question: when are you going to do a documentary on how how iron overtook bronze as the main weapon technology? I understand the challenge with iron was that it must be smelted at far higher temperatures than copper and tin - how and why did it, during the collapse of empires at the end of the Late Bronze Age, become a widely adopted response to the collapse of empires?
Yes thanks, just watched. But why did Mediterranean iron smithing start in Italy? I thought the Hittites had first developed iron smithing. I’ve also heard that the Dorians were supposed to have first brought it to the eastern Bronze Age Empires. But also how did the technology emerge and evolve? Was it because the trade contacts with Afghanistan Cornwall were cut off when the Bronze Age kingdoms and empties collapsed? How did the furnace and smelting technology evolve to switch from bronze to iron? Sorry to go on like this but I can’t find anyone addressing this topic!
@@jeffersonwright9275 my opinion is that is related to areeas with high level of ceramics + wood + iron; no sure about Italy but it might be becouse are close to the old trades routes and still not benefit from the tin afflux. So it was a need for alternative metal.
@@alex-ff1mp good point - what is true is that the first to develop high quality iron tools and later high-quality steel tools were the Chinese ... who were the first to develop high-quality ceramics. So your point is a good one. It would be very interesting to geo-locate on an interactive map where iron was first smelter in Eurasia to see whether there is any correlation with trade-routes and readily available sources of timber
@@jeffersonwright9275 Iron was used at first as a lower quality substitut for bronze. Probably for hundreds of years it was the case. It was created by the frustrated metalurgists that has no access to tin/coper but still: 1. Knowing about it/some experience or/and 2.being another metal like gold to support the metalurgists and 3.being used to control the heat (high quality ceramics). I think iron was used as first as a by product/to give colour to ceramics and as a ultimate solution to replace bronze.
Absolutely fascinating!!!! Ancient herdsmen were possibly resistant to Smallpox variants due to Cow and Horse poxes. I think Smallpox scars were evident on the Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses V (c. 1157 BC)?. Roman era tax records reveal that when the Antonine Pandemic (a version of Smallpox) reached Egypt in the AD 160s, entire villages were abandoned or succumbed to attacks by bandit herdsmen. This strain of the disease killed or debilitated 30-40% of people in affected areas.
That is fascinating! You know............ plague in ancient Egypt sounds like an awesome episode waiting to happen whenever you have time to jump on the channel ;)
Cowpox actually was used for vaccination. Scientist noticed farmers who were around cows and exposed to cow pox didn’t have many cases of smallpox. The vaccine was actually created in China. The original vaccine would take scabs and kinda “cut” it into someone. This would make it so you were exposed to smallpox via skin vs lungs. (I believe this is all correct but please let me know if I got anything wrong and hope this is interesting info)
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I watched an excellent interview the other day over on Digital Hanurabi where they spoke with Dr. Francesca Stavrakopoulou and it got me thinking: it's not quite the same as she works primarily in early Iron Age culture, but I wonder if you could get her on here? She's got a book coming out next year and she might be able to shed some light on the cultures that followed the collapse in the Lavant and help contextualise it all a little, as well as it (her subject) just being generally fascinating too... 🤔
I did just recently review the texts from the hittite plague and they believed it was from a deity obviously but it seems that their interactions with the Egyptians was the source.
I'm glad she's skeptical because epidemics could indeed have happened but nothing or almost nothing suggest they were particularly decisive. What happened in reality was a series of conflicts, notably three: 1. Greeks (and allied peoples, including surely Phrygians overland) "going Viking" in a more hardcore way than in the past, something like the "sons of Lodbrok" invasion of England but against Anatolia, against the Hittite Empire, which they clearly destroyed, and then also sending offshoot failed campaings against Egypt. This was surely soon after the semi-mythical War of Troy and granted Cyprus to Greeks very clearly and most of Anatolia to Phrygians, with lesser rewards or just loot for other participants. This happened as we know c. 1178 BCE. 2. The Heraklid invasion of the Peloponesse, which destroyed Mycenae and caused the decline of the cities. This was a dynastic "revenge" invasion of some Greeks against others. This probably happened c. 1130 BCE, which is the beginning of LHIII-C. 3. The "Atlantean" invasion of the Eastern Mediterranean, narrated by Plato (with some likely errors but surprising precision in other details), i.e. a coalition of Western powers including clearly the Amazigh or Berbers (Meswesh), who took control of Lower Egypt. This happened c. 1060 BCE (LHIII-C ends and sub-Mycenaean begins), when all the Greek cities but Athens were destroyed. Then certainly "Atlantis" (Castro de Zambujal, Torres Vedras, Portugal) suffered a tsunami, their "marine branch" or "canal" linking the city to the ocean was silted and their civilization collapsed apparently only for internal reasons (there's cultural continuity and even some commercial continuity but towns end). So it's not a single episode but several, it's not a single date but a whole century.
The introduction of iron certainly seems to have been an important factor, but the Hittites used some iron too I believe. People in general don't just start migrating unless forced by some circumstance. Climate change is a probable culprit, then followed up by diseases spreading among undernourished people. It also often leads to changes in societal positions of the lower classes and redistribution of wealth and power. I can even imagine that the black death that ravaged Europe was a direct influence of people going abroad and explore things as people had become more mobile in society as well. Whether our current pandemic will do the same? In some underdeveloped area's for sure.
As is happening today, an epidemic could have been just one of the factors leading to the collapse. The Western world has been artificially propped up economically for some time (since the late 90s), and the current pandemic may be one of the events that knocks over the prop (Fed reserve printing money to buy corporate debt). The slow advance of the Iron Age must have weakened the Bronze Age civilization's economic security.
@@kwillow12 - The "Western World" has been propped by a long history of colonialism, including neo-colonialism in the 20th century. Science and free thought (and internal competion, now dampened by NATO, the new "Holy Roman Empire") also play their roles but ultimately there are material underpinnings, i.e. economic ones (but not so much monetary-finacial ones, those are just lesser details, what really matters is the real economy: production of goods), and those are the benefits of colonialism, of external exploitation of unlucky third parties. Otherwise I agree that the current crisis is not just a major blow but almost certainly a terminal crisis for the West (Europe and New Europe, alias "the Americas and Australia"). But not only for the West, also for the economic system it has upheld and spread: Capitalism. This crisis of Capitalism is even deeper and more determinant because Capitalism and its implicit "eternal expansionism", of predatory nature, have clashed with the very boundaries of Earth, threatening its ecological stability in ways never seen before, absolutely unprecedented. Such a fundamental sustainability crisis has only one possible solution: Earth can't be defeated by its hosts, by its criatures, we are the ones to submit one way or another and that certainly goes through the extinction of Capitalism, which has no further room to expand at all.
@@kwillow12 - Iron Age advanced very quickly: in a matter of decades after the collapse of the Hittite Empire their secret steel metallurgy techniques spread all around, even to the remote Celts. It's unclear how it happened but it did. Some of the tensions leading to the LBA collapse may have got to do with tin resources, which was basically imported from Iberia in the Mediterranean region (further East it may have been from Afghanistan but that was for sure not the source for Greeks or Egyptians): both the Sherden (Nuraghic Sardinians) and the Mycenaean Greeks (whose influence in Iberia is very clearly attested) tradede with it. But maybe other powers such as what I call "Atlantis" (Vila Nova de São Pedro culture), whose influence is seen in the Levant, also did at some point, after all they were the closest ones to the mines. In general my take is that analyzing only the Eastern Mediterranean is very much incomplete, that there are many archaeological data that point to a significant role of Iberia and also to impact into Italy of some sort (arrival of Etruscans-Teresh and Sicels-Siculi-Sekelesh in the context of Italo-Celtic invasions from the North, Urnfields or "proto-Villanovan" culture).
@@LuisAldamiz Great Comments, but: No evidence for Atlantis. No Phrygians yet. Athens was destroyed. Return of the Herakleidai is a legend. Mycenaean sites were probably destroyed by SP. Only Tiryns was re-inhabited for a generation in IIIC. Some mainland sites retain importance: Midea, Tychos Dymaion, Lefkandi. Villages in coasta Crete are abandoned and people move to defensible sites in the mountains. Iberia shows Sardinian influence and Sardinia shows Cypriot influence. It was a complicated time.
Dr. Hitchcock’s so amazing, I wish she would give a talk daily! Ok, weekly, then? Are there any recorded series of her lectures/courses from her university? I couldn’t work the link given for her.
Out of geographical scope, but possibly relevant: can the smallpox "softening" of the Amerindian peoples ahead of the advance of the Spanish conquest provide suggestions of what to look for in the archaeological record? Right off, Peru and the Mississippian civilization come to mind.
Depends what you mean by "need." It's not really the case that we need migrant workers, more the case that we choose to make use of them, to exploit the fact that they provide cheaper labour.
And gotta give credit to the Egyptians for beings able to adapt, i believe they did a lot more than they documented and we know because the Pharaohs made it a point to be in the know about everything going, that didn't stop with the "collapse" I'm sure the Pharaoh found about the Phoenicians, as far as the Egyptians were concerned they were the same as the old Hyksos invaders, Canaanites, no love lost there! I don't think it's a coincidence that the Philistines settled in what had previously been the Egyptian stronghold in Canaan, the Egyptians put them there as a buffer, their Northern border guard if you will and to keep an eye on things and if the Phoenicians thought they were big and bad enough and wanted to come down and play, if they came by sea, they'd get their ass whooped, if they came by land, they'd have to go through the Peleset, The Philistines!! and once they dug in, aa the Egyptians discovered fighting with them, they won't back down without a fight and you'd have to burn them out! it took the Assyrians to do that centuries later! And as the Israelites discovered when they settled that land, the Philistines were very hard to deal with, they basically dominated the Israelites for the first couple hundred years, by which I'm sure reports got back to the Egyptian Pharaohs about the troubles of their former slaves, was probably like the Sunday comics section to them for a long time until the Israelites were finally able to turn the tide and beat them! A lot of that just a theory but could been true, who knows really? Wasn't documented but a good enough story at least
I would strongly disagree with that famine and plague can’t destroy cities when people panic. A person is smart people are stupid why do you get a group of people together mob mentality starts taking effect. I have seen very few rides that did not involve fire as part of the looting and damage.
San Fransisco burned to the ground no less than six times between 1849 and 1851. And they where not suffering from famine or plague they had a few wild partiers or a cow kicking over a lamp or such. If famine or plague had been involved it might not have survived but it being a port and close to the gold fields would likely have kept it alive.
No, they didn't, because they did not understand disease transmission or not much. In no case people remained at home, that's absolutely unprecedented.
I don't think rats were responsible for spreading most of these plagues. It was human to human contact. Though some may have been caused by the use of poisonous materials like lead, mercury or arsenic.
What she was saying about some of the people were happy and benefited from the Bronze Age Collapse, doesn't get mentioned but looks true, The Phoenicians were happy as a pig in shit! They got EVERYTHING from it, and It's very possible that they were a bit of the catalyst to it in some way because they're main cities, Tyre and Sidon, didn't get touched while others burned to the ground, there's gotta be something to that, like a deal was made, who knows? and without the Hittites and Egyptians in their way formed a their own sea empire afterwards, they basically owned the Mediterranean after that and made a killing off the cedar wood market because it can only be found in their country, modern Lebanon, so they really came out far ahead with that whole thing
I am a Medical Scientist. It does not tie into our current situation and was out of place for Louise to imply Covid is like plague and a "new world order of shared assets" should ensue" Completely erroneous assumption that was designed to implant the idea in impressionable minds in an educational vehicle. Indoctrination. I have made a detailed comment above.
Thank you so much, Dr. Hitchcock! I really enjoy presentations from experts. Thank you also to this channel and all who make it possible! I would think in ancient times, if enough agricultural labourers succumbed, famine would follow rapidly. Or if bad weather happened at a time of plague. Some plagues seem to follow harsh weather. Yersinia pestis seemed to cause plagues in drought years, something about rat blood coagulating in the fleas' guts so they spit rather than sucked. Some historians of early Christianity say the first Christians pictured the "Kingdom of Heaven" as a banquet because nobody ever got enough to eat in those days. They were always a little hungry. Archaeologists have also found burials around Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, that show young people were unhealthy and died young. Some theorize this was due at least partly to multiple plagues. At this time I am wondering if Akhenaten's 'revolution' and moving the capital city had to do with plagues in Thebes and the failure of the Amun priesthood to stop such plagues. That is just an idea of my own and I am largely ignorant of ancient times though I keep learning. (Move forward a a couple thousand years and Henry VIII moved rapidly any time a member of his court became seriously ill. I don't see why Egyptian pharaohs couldn't have done the same.)
Thanks! Not sure. Lots of speculation about Akhenaten, but they needed great wealth to produce the art. I would not want to live in the Bronze Age - no antibiotics - life was nasty, brutish and short.
Well, I just might found a worthy channel on youtube, with added value of inteligence. Sounds like it, in first half of video. Anyway, I need to sleep, after 2 months of deep bedtime depresion, I cycled 50k today. Bye
Our current plague is at least one driver in the uptick in unrest. Caused by shortages in supplies, the most susceptible groups within a society will get hit first by these shortages. As these shortages travel up the class hierarchy, the chance for unrest and destabilization in a society is increased. There is, therefore, no reason that plague, famine, and unrest couldn't happen at around the same time. This unrest and mass movement of people disrupts familial and societal constructs and can lead to armed conflict between displaced groups and between displaced groups and still standing polities.
About 4000 years ago our forefathers took over most of Europe from the earlier farmers from the middle east, plague might have played a role, because herding nomads from the Ukraine, the Indo Germanic tribes, probably had been in contact with plague carrying rodents, groundhogs, for centuries.. and had a higher survival rate.. they were mobile, had wagons, rode horses and had metal.. so technically they were better too.
An exceptionally comprehensive and insightful presentation. I'd assume that Dr. Hitchcock's laptop computer was on her lap, as there was a lot of camera movement. I found it disorienting. Perhaps in future interviews, she could place her computer on a more stable surface.
A little off topic but: A good subject from ancient antiquity would be why ancient gods and creation myths are so weird? I can't imagine what kind of meanings these tales would have had for the ancients or how they would have related them to their lives. Many stories of gods and creation sound to me like someone describing a personal LSD trip. As I listened to this video I was thinking of a goddess of smallpox in the ancient Near East. I think she must be completely deposed at this time. At least that one makes sense but a lot of other myths make no sense to me.
How are those any weirder than the current beliefs? They just had more gods for wanton destruction rather than a single god who would toss in some mischief to test people in their beliefs. The priesthood being the second eldest profession certainly explains a lot.
It is a good topic. I discussed this when I taught anthropology in Los Angeles. Most cultures have creation myths of some type to explain where they came from. As science provides more answers, the role of mythology decreases
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Clearly, bronze age politicians considered trade & commerce more important than public health. I found it extremely interesting that while the Botai culture developed horse domestication, it was the Yamnaya culture that brought the horse to the rest of the world. This was after they decimated the Botai with plague. The 'then immune' Yamnaya steppe warriors proceeded to spread disease throughout the ancient world, finishing them off through conquest. I would think the Bronze Age Collapse was orchestrated much the same. Spread disease, then conquer the survivors and take their stuff.
@@TheDeadlyDan That's certainly the case today. We hear from certain politicians that 'sacrificing' for the economy is vital to maintaining the stability of the country. 'Dying for the Dow' has become a recurring theme on social media.
There is some kind of plague in Egypt in Amenhotep 3. reign. And there is a lot of graves in Amarna, with very young people, in some graves there is more than one body. Thats Amenhotep 4. (Akhenaton). The egyptians at that time did not record bad events, so it must have been very severe to leave traces we can see today. This is about 100 years before the bronze age collaps. Maybe it never stopped, maybe it just came back again and again.
If there was plague its best to search in densely populated regions! I suspect there was trade with near and far east for bronze. Look for plague in far and near east. Dense population to less dense population until R 0 becomes less tan than 1 when fire burns itselfout!
Plague is usually a regional thing, but even huge plagues would never account for a 300 year "Dark Age". Homer starting the illiad about the Daanan's having plague on their ships is an example of how common it was.
Actually, ships carry plague over distances, now planes do. There was no Dark Age: we are in the dark. There were smaller cities in Greece, iron technology appeared, new cultures appeared: Philistines, Israelites, Phoenicians; Cyprus hellenized; Assyria formed an Empire - not so dark
It is strange when Trump associated rats with Baltimore, where when people think of rats they think of the Norwegian rat of New York City. That said, studies have shown that linking infestation and plague with the other(foreign invaders), triggers a level of disgust in the conservative mind. There was even a study which used a placebo of inoculation which alleviated this reaction in the amygdala of the participants. Interestingly enough, in the face of this current plague conservatives are quite vocal about not getting the vaccination, nor are they particularly worried about getting infected.
@@buzz-es I'm not a Republican or a Democrat. Trump equating vermin, cities, and migrants is a fact. I can't stand Rahm Emanuel, but with regard to his observation that large cities are dominating global economies is interesting. I go where the story takes me.
Im pretty sure the Greeks themselves thought they were products of a Dorian invasion way before there was any such thing as a German nationalist. Not saying it's real history. And anyway why would German nationalists want 'nordic' people to be responsible for the bronze age collapse? I would have liked her to take a minute and dismiss the Dorian invasion the Greeks wrote about a bit more thoroughly.
It's about creating a prestigious genealogy (like children of dictators being pictured with their parent dictators). The Dorians were probably already there as rural dwellers. We know them from their dialect
Pharaoh's Medjay Warrior That my friend is the ancient goddess of war and wisdom, that led the greek to victory in Troy, watching over her city that still bears her name.
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There was a lot of “nationalist scholarship ” (i.e. phoney) in 19th and early 20th C Germany, peaking with the Nazis. The Germans greatly admired and envied the glory of Classical Greece, and tried to take credit for it, somehow, anyway they possibly could. They didn’t believe that present-day Greeks, whom they didn’t consider quite “Aryan enough”, are the descendants of that great period of Greek civilization, but DNA has proved that, indeed, they are. Their is a genetic continuum from the Minoans, to the Mycenaeans, to the Classical-age Greeks to the present Greeks. There are other genetic influences in the admixture, but none Germanic.
That's a great question. The ancient Greeks had a cultural memory called the "coming of the Dorians" or the "return of the Heracleids" that surely relates to something, but it's unclear whether it's for c. 2000 BC or c. 1200 BC. Dorian dialects throughout Greece were interspersed with Ionian and Aeolian dialects. Map: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/AncientGreekDialects_%28Woodard%29_en.svg/800px-AncientGreekDialects_%28Woodard%29_en.svg.png Dorian had ā where Ionian & Attic had ē. The word Dorian could be related to the Greek word for "wooden" or that for "gift."
biblical plagues carrying the ark away sounds like a reference to the robing of the pharaohs tombs a much older reference written down centuries after the event
Little mentioned is the adoption of iron working as a destabilizing factor at the end of the Bronze Age. My other destabilizing factor would be deforestation. Finding ship building timber was a challenge for the most recent wood based maritime empire, that of Great Britain. Seems the duration of the "Greek dark age" seems to be consistent with the time it takes for a forest of large trees to develop.
Deforestation was not a likely issue at that period yet. Population density was really low and much of the Western med was quite densely forested. It will however have been an important factor for the Phoenicians to have settled in the Lebanon with its famous cedar forests. Hittites had iron too I recall, so in that regard they should have been able to withstand that advantage. The point is that there is clearly a mass migration of numerous peoples going on. People in general are not all that willing to move en masse, so there must have been a need for that. Famine and ensuing plagues ravaging an undernourished population are quite likely.
First comes the Naue II sword, countered by iron weaponry. There was still enough wood (we know this from Assyrian reliefs, slag heaps in Cyprus and elsewhere, ship iconography)
Of course Dorians have nothing to do with Germans. However during the Nazi era German scholars claimed about every warrior thing they coud imagine were ancient Aryans and thus ancestors of Germans, and thus gave Germans right to conquer everything like they ancestors had.
@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 It probably is literal fiction but it can't be dismissed by bringing up nazi germany historians when they were not the ones who made it up, the ancient greeks themselves made it up.
Yea modern politics should not be discussed in an ancient history channel i have seen more than one channel loose a lot of subscribers from such. Personally i don't like the man and he is always putting his foot in his mouth but he was duly elected. I am neither left or right but it is a shame the left will not accept him as POTUS but i can think of no better person to bring us out of our economic trouble! Like momma said if you can't say something nice say nothing at all.
Dorians were probably already in Greece. Re. the invasion, google Dorian invasion and Rebecca Futo Kennedy. Re. Trump, I was merely making an observation about him linking vermin, cities, and migrants. Make of it what you will
Historians who interject their personal politics and philosophies into lectures IMO are themselves a plague upon study of history. While I'm interested in this subject and there was a lot of good information to be found in the interview, Dr. Hitchcock's injection of current politics leaves me with doubts, could she also have projected her political views into her analysis of collected data? Whenever a historian starts down the rabbit hole of linking long past tragedies to their opinions on current events and political figures, I stop listening to them. I subscribe to this channel to hear about Ancient and Medieval History not modern politics.
If there was a famine, natural disaster, desperate people would take to pirate activity to eat or peasant revolting, and if people are fleeing famine or pirating about, they are exposing themselves to new pathogens and disease is likely to spread and happen. I go for the "a little of everything" theory, but likely kicked off by a weather event or natural disaster.
Cutting down Trees 🌲🌲🌲🌲around are world from forests 🌳 to woodlands 🌳are releasing Carbon that the trees 🌲 have collect for years back into the Atmosphere and logging is cutting far quicker than planting around the world and adult trees 🌲 that take 45 years to grow that store more toxins and carbon than new planted trees does and If the logging continues to carry on then the weathers around are world will become a lot hotter and very aggressive storms will become life threatening for humans just because humans can’t stop eating massive amounts of meat 🥩 just because jobs and money are more important than life itself . PLEASE SAY NO TO LOGGING and help protect the trees and the wildlife habitats that are so important to the world we live in and also PLEASE SAY NO TO BIOMASS ENERGY that creates even more carbon dioxide that companies that produce this tell there people and workers it’s safer when it’s not and it also takes up massive amounts of land just like the food for beef industry does . Any company that’s harming an environment and destroying wildlife habitats like oil drilling - fossil fuels - fracking - biomass - farming - logging - illegal animal trading - elephants and rhinos killing for there horns and ivory etc would tell lies to keep there greedy money rolling in history has proven time after time that theses companies are destroying lands wildlife extinction and environmental loss .
If there is one thing that is badly needed right now it is a complete collapse of the social structure we currently live under, which is so imbalanced with the elites hoarding of wealth. This information gives me hope for the future of our world and points to a change for the betterment of all.
Maybe but remember you are a piece of that social structure, that you're entangled in it and there will be no smooth transition whatsoever. It'll be extremely harsh, cruel, violent and unpredictable. So be careful what you wish for.
Great this Area need to be look at more I Suggest they do more Digging in the Sands and Grounds of Africa it's always a Answers to your Questions just look alittle Closer an you will see what really happened during those times dig dig and dig and the under water of Nile I believe in the Land's proof is in the Afrocan Land's
Couldn’t leave politics out of it could you? Shame on your bias. Did it ever occur to you that the social and economic stressors of 3500 years ago might not be transferable or understandable by modern humans. Sometimes I think your worldview is clouding your objectivity.
Opinions and recapping of the obvious, without facts. Not a good interview. And the gratuitous insult to 75 million Americans at the end doesn't belong on a good history channel.
Modern politics should not be discussed in an ancient history channel i have seen more than one channel loose a lot of subscribers from such. Personally i don't like the man and he is always putting his foot in his mouth but he was duly elected. I am neither left or right but it is a shame the left will not accept him as POTUS but i can think of no better person to bring us out of our economic trouble! Like momma said if you can't say something nice say nothing at all.
@@lambastepirate well, that’s very sad. I studied political theory as an undergraduate which meant studying libertarianism, Marxism, Conservativism, progressivism. If ones beliefs are solid, being exposed to different ideas shouldn’t cause harm
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In answer to your question at the 9:25 mark or thereabouts - yes, the plague was brought to the Hittites via Egyptian prisoners of war...or so the Hittite texts tell us. See Chapter 2 in 1177 BC. Nice job, both of you!
I actually facepalmed myself after my interview with you for not bringing up that as well, haha. Thanks for watching and I appreciate the shoutout and support!
In my California county near San Francisco, the first occurrences of COVID have been definitively tracked to the arrival of three infected cruise ship passengers in January 2020, not by air travel passengers (which did happen the following month in another area county). There was community transmission before these three unfortunate individuals were diagnosed and isolated, all three died.
fascinating series. Question: when are you going to do a documentary on how how iron overtook bronze as the main weapon technology? I understand the challenge with iron was that it must be smelted at far higher temperatures than copper and tin - how and why did it, during the collapse of empires at the end of the Late Bronze Age, become a widely adopted response to the collapse of empires?
Check this one out.
ruclips.net/video/rOwIQbPZNTM/видео.html
Yes thanks, just watched. But why did Mediterranean iron smithing start in Italy? I thought the Hittites had first developed iron smithing. I’ve also heard that the Dorians were supposed to have first brought it to the eastern Bronze Age Empires. But also how did the technology emerge and evolve? Was it because the trade contacts with Afghanistan Cornwall were cut off when the Bronze Age kingdoms and empties collapsed? How did the furnace and smelting technology evolve to switch from bronze to iron? Sorry to go on like this but I can’t find anyone addressing this topic!
@@jeffersonwright9275 my opinion is that is related to areeas with high level of ceramics + wood + iron; no sure about Italy but it might be becouse are close to the old trades routes and still not benefit from the tin afflux. So it was a need for alternative metal.
@@alex-ff1mp good point - what is true is that the first to develop high quality iron tools and later high-quality steel tools were the Chinese ... who were the first to develop high-quality ceramics. So your point is a good one. It would be very interesting to geo-locate on an interactive map where iron was first smelter in Eurasia to see whether there is any correlation with trade-routes and readily available sources of timber
@@jeffersonwright9275 Iron was used at first as a lower quality substitut for bronze. Probably for hundreds of years it was the case. It was created by the frustrated metalurgists that has no access to tin/coper but still: 1. Knowing about it/some experience or/and 2.being another metal like gold to support the metalurgists and 3.being used to control the heat (high quality ceramics). I think iron was used as first as a by product/to give colour to ceramics and as a ultimate solution to replace bronze.
Absolutely fascinating!!!! Ancient herdsmen were possibly resistant to Smallpox variants due to Cow and Horse poxes. I think Smallpox scars were evident on the Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses V (c. 1157 BC)?. Roman era tax records reveal that when the Antonine Pandemic (a version of Smallpox) reached Egypt in the AD 160s, entire villages were abandoned or succumbed to attacks by bandit herdsmen. This strain of the disease killed or debilitated 30-40% of people in affected areas.
That is fascinating! You know............ plague in ancient Egypt sounds like an awesome episode waiting to happen whenever you have time to jump on the channel ;)
@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449Absolutely. Looking forward to it :-)
Cowpox actually was used for vaccination. Scientist noticed farmers who were around cows and exposed to cow pox didn’t have many cases of smallpox. The vaccine was actually created in China. The original vaccine would take scabs and kinda “cut” it into someone. This would make it so you were exposed to smallpox via skin vs lungs. (I believe this is all correct but please let me know if I got anything wrong and hope this is interesting info)
History, forgetfullness, and repetitive behavior oh my.
An interesting talk, the TDS at the end was over the top, but the skepticism in the rest of it was good.
Totally agree and have made an expanded comment detailing why, above.
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Thanks for this, i really need it!
I watched an excellent interview the other day over on Digital Hanurabi where they spoke with Dr. Francesca Stavrakopoulou and it got me thinking: it's not quite the same as she works primarily in early Iron Age culture, but I wonder if you could get her on here? She's got a book coming out next year and she might be able to shed some light on the cultures that followed the collapse in the Lavant and help contextualise it all a little, as well as it (her subject) just being generally fascinating too... 🤔
Love it- great conversation! Thanks
Very informative and timely...thanks
I did just recently review the texts from the hittite plague and they believed it was from a deity obviously but it seems that their interactions with the Egyptians was the source.
Often the population doesn't want those low paid jobs
You're doing such great work
Nick is awesome to have created this wonderful space to share research with the public
I'm glad she's skeptical because epidemics could indeed have happened but nothing or almost nothing suggest they were particularly decisive. What happened in reality was a series of conflicts, notably three:
1. Greeks (and allied peoples, including surely Phrygians overland) "going Viking" in a more hardcore way than in the past, something like the "sons of Lodbrok" invasion of England but against Anatolia, against the Hittite Empire, which they clearly destroyed, and then also sending offshoot failed campaings against Egypt. This was surely soon after the semi-mythical War of Troy and granted Cyprus to Greeks very clearly and most of Anatolia to Phrygians, with lesser rewards or just loot for other participants. This happened as we know c. 1178 BCE.
2. The Heraklid invasion of the Peloponesse, which destroyed Mycenae and caused the decline of the cities. This was a dynastic "revenge" invasion of some Greeks against others. This probably happened c. 1130 BCE, which is the beginning of LHIII-C.
3. The "Atlantean" invasion of the Eastern Mediterranean, narrated by Plato (with some likely errors but surprising precision in other details), i.e. a coalition of Western powers including clearly the Amazigh or Berbers (Meswesh), who took control of Lower Egypt. This happened c. 1060 BCE (LHIII-C ends and sub-Mycenaean begins), when all the Greek cities but Athens were destroyed. Then certainly "Atlantis" (Castro de Zambujal, Torres Vedras, Portugal) suffered a tsunami, their "marine branch" or "canal" linking the city to the ocean was silted and their civilization collapsed apparently only for internal reasons (there's cultural continuity and even some commercial continuity but towns end).
So it's not a single episode but several, it's not a single date but a whole century.
The introduction of iron certainly seems to have been an important factor, but the Hittites used some iron too I believe. People in general don't just start migrating unless forced by some circumstance. Climate change is a probable culprit, then followed up by diseases spreading among undernourished people. It also often leads to changes in societal positions of the lower classes and redistribution of wealth and power. I can even imagine that the black death that ravaged Europe was a direct influence of people going abroad and explore things as people had become more mobile in society as well. Whether our current pandemic will do the same? In some underdeveloped area's for sure.
As is happening today, an epidemic could have been just one of the factors leading to the collapse. The Western world has been artificially propped up economically for some time (since the late 90s), and the current pandemic may be one of the events that knocks over the prop (Fed reserve printing money to buy corporate debt). The slow advance of the Iron Age must have weakened the Bronze Age civilization's economic security.
@@kwillow12 - The "Western World" has been propped by a long history of colonialism, including neo-colonialism in the 20th century. Science and free thought (and internal competion, now dampened by NATO, the new "Holy Roman Empire") also play their roles but ultimately there are material underpinnings, i.e. economic ones (but not so much monetary-finacial ones, those are just lesser details, what really matters is the real economy: production of goods), and those are the benefits of colonialism, of external exploitation of unlucky third parties.
Otherwise I agree that the current crisis is not just a major blow but almost certainly a terminal crisis for the West (Europe and New Europe, alias "the Americas and Australia"). But not only for the West, also for the economic system it has upheld and spread: Capitalism.
This crisis of Capitalism is even deeper and more determinant because Capitalism and its implicit "eternal expansionism", of predatory nature, have clashed with the very boundaries of Earth, threatening its ecological stability in ways never seen before, absolutely unprecedented. Such a fundamental sustainability crisis has only one possible solution: Earth can't be defeated by its hosts, by its criatures, we are the ones to submit one way or another and that certainly goes through the extinction of Capitalism, which has no further room to expand at all.
@@kwillow12 - Iron Age advanced very quickly: in a matter of decades after the collapse of the Hittite Empire their secret steel metallurgy techniques spread all around, even to the remote Celts. It's unclear how it happened but it did.
Some of the tensions leading to the LBA collapse may have got to do with tin resources, which was basically imported from Iberia in the Mediterranean region (further East it may have been from Afghanistan but that was for sure not the source for Greeks or Egyptians): both the Sherden (Nuraghic Sardinians) and the Mycenaean Greeks (whose influence in Iberia is very clearly attested) tradede with it. But maybe other powers such as what I call "Atlantis" (Vila Nova de São Pedro culture), whose influence is seen in the Levant, also did at some point, after all they were the closest ones to the mines.
In general my take is that analyzing only the Eastern Mediterranean is very much incomplete, that there are many archaeological data that point to a significant role of Iberia and also to impact into Italy of some sort (arrival of Etruscans-Teresh and Sicels-Siculi-Sekelesh in the context of Italo-Celtic invasions from the North, Urnfields or "proto-Villanovan" culture).
@@LuisAldamiz Great Comments, but: No evidence for Atlantis. No Phrygians yet. Athens was destroyed. Return of the Herakleidai is a legend. Mycenaean sites were probably destroyed by SP. Only Tiryns was re-inhabited for a generation in IIIC. Some mainland sites retain importance: Midea, Tychos Dymaion, Lefkandi. Villages in coasta Crete are abandoned and people move to defensible sites in the mountains. Iberia shows Sardinian influence and Sardinia shows Cypriot influence. It was a complicated time.
Hi, do you have a link to the book by Eric/Erich Klein/Kline about the Hittite plague? Thank you.
Dr. Hitchcock’s so amazing, I wish she would give a talk daily! Ok, weekly, then? Are there any recorded series of her lectures/courses from her university? I couldn’t work the link given for her.
Excellent program! Thank you and Dr.Hitchcock for such an interesting lecture.
Our pleasure! Glad you enjoyed it!
"History never repeats itself, but it rhymes" - Mark Twain
Out of geographical scope, but possibly relevant: can the smallpox "softening" of the Amerindian peoples ahead of the advance of the Spanish conquest provide suggestions of what to look for in the archaeological record? Right off, Peru and the Mississippian civilization come to mind.
I specialize in the Mediterranean, but the study of human remains has the potential to shed light
Those who cannot remember the past are doomed to repeat it.
George Santayana
Excellent! Thank you!
SEA PEOPLE. 2020!
Depends what you mean by "need."
It's not really the case that we need migrant workers, more the case that we choose to make use of them, to exploit the fact that they provide cheaper labour.
What a great time to be alive? Rham Emmanuel and City States? Usually such a fantastic channel.
I was joking, gotta have a sense of humour
And gotta give credit to the Egyptians for beings able to adapt, i believe they did a lot more than they documented and we know because the Pharaohs made it a point to be in the know about everything going, that didn't stop with the "collapse" I'm sure the Pharaoh found about the Phoenicians, as far as the Egyptians were concerned they were the same as the old Hyksos invaders, Canaanites, no love lost there! I don't think it's a coincidence that the Philistines settled in what had previously been the Egyptian stronghold in Canaan, the Egyptians put them there as a buffer, their Northern border guard if you will and to keep an eye on things and if the Phoenicians thought they were big and bad enough and wanted to come down and play, if they came by sea, they'd get their ass whooped, if they came by land, they'd have to go through the Peleset, The Philistines!! and once they dug in, aa the Egyptians discovered fighting with them, they won't back down without a fight and you'd have to burn them out! it took the Assyrians to do that centuries later! And as the Israelites discovered when they settled that land, the Philistines were very hard to deal with, they basically dominated the Israelites for the first couple hundred years, by which I'm sure reports got back to the Egyptian Pharaohs about the troubles of their former slaves, was probably like the Sunday comics section to them for a long time until the Israelites were finally able to turn the tide and beat them! A lot of that just a theory but could been true, who knows really? Wasn't documented but a good enough story at least
The Phoenicans don't appear until the first millennium
I would strongly disagree with that famine and plague can’t destroy cities when people panic. A person is smart people are stupid why do you get a group of people together mob mentality starts taking effect. I have seen very few rides that did not involve fire as part of the looting and damage.
San Fransisco burned to the ground no less than six times between 1849 and 1851. And they where not suffering from famine or plague they had a few wild partiers or a cow kicking over a lamp or such. If famine or plague had been involved it might not have survived but it being a port and close to the gold fields would likely have kept it alive.
Good point. I only said sick or dead people couldn't cause destruction. What you say was part of my proposed argument
Every generation has a plague. This is the plague for our age, the Zeitgeist of Plagues.
Some generations had 2-3
Quite a few of little outbreaks happening in meat factories and among farm workers here in Germany right now.
Yes, crowded areas
I belive the sea people could have been Hittites or Scythians branches. Curious, First time hearing they were pirates
I have 4 articles on my academia.edu page about piracy. The SP used Mycenaean style pottery. The Hittites had an empire. Schythians weren't around yet
Even ancient peoples were able to socially isolate in times of sickness... but then my US state and my neighbors cannot...
No, they didn't, because they did not understand disease transmission or not much. In no case people remained at home, that's absolutely unprecedented.
locking sick people in their homes slowed but did not stop any plague.....
numerous wealthy people tried to isolate and failed...
I don't think rats were responsible for spreading most of these plagues. It was human to human contact. Though some may have been caused by the use of poisonous materials like lead, mercury or arsenic.
I only mentioned it as a possibility. If there was a pandemic, we don't know what type it was
What she was saying about some of the people were happy and benefited from the Bronze Age Collapse, doesn't get mentioned but looks true, The Phoenicians were happy as a pig in shit! They got EVERYTHING from it, and It's very possible that they were a bit of the catalyst to it in some way because they're main cities, Tyre and Sidon, didn't get touched while others burned to the ground, there's gotta be something to that, like a deal was made, who knows? and without the Hittites and Egyptians in their way formed a their own sea empire afterwards, they basically owned the Mediterranean after that and made a killing off the cedar wood market because it can only be found in their country, modern Lebanon, so they really came out far ahead with that whole thing
The Bronze Age collapse should be hailed as a warning to all Metal fans out there... Too much Metal drives the world mad......... Uranium Brains.
Very interesting
That was awesome! Fantastic analysis and love the tie in with the contemporary situation.
I am a Medical Scientist. It does not tie into our current situation and was out of place for Louise to imply Covid is like plague and a "new world order of shared assets" should ensue" Completely erroneous assumption that was designed to implant the idea in impressionable minds in an educational vehicle. Indoctrination. I have made a detailed comment above.
Thank you so much, Dr. Hitchcock! I really enjoy presentations from experts.
Thank you also to this channel and all who make it possible!
I would think in ancient times, if enough agricultural labourers succumbed, famine would follow rapidly. Or if bad weather happened at a time of plague. Some plagues seem to follow harsh weather. Yersinia pestis seemed to cause plagues in drought years, something about rat blood coagulating in the fleas' guts so they spit rather than sucked.
Some historians of early Christianity say the first Christians pictured the "Kingdom of Heaven" as a banquet because nobody ever got enough to eat in those days. They were always a little hungry.
Archaeologists have also found burials around Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, that show young people were unhealthy and died young. Some theorize this was due at least partly to multiple plagues. At this time I am wondering if Akhenaten's 'revolution' and moving the capital city had to do with plagues in Thebes and the failure of the Amun priesthood to stop such plagues. That is just an idea of my own and I am largely ignorant of ancient times though I keep learning. (Move forward a a couple thousand years and Henry VIII moved rapidly any time a member of his court became seriously ill. I don't see why Egyptian pharaohs couldn't have done the same.)
Thanks! Not sure. Lots of speculation about Akhenaten, but they needed great wealth to produce the art. I would not want to live in the Bronze Age - no antibiotics - life was nasty, brutish and short.
@@ashlarblocks Thank you!
As an aside, has anyone else noticed that when Science finds a cure for a disease, God stops using the disease as punishment?
Well, I just might found a worthy channel on youtube, with added value of inteligence. Sounds like it, in first half of video.
Anyway, I need to sleep, after 2 months of deep bedtime depresion, I cycled 50k today. Bye
go back to bed
An interesting video, Nick. I like this guest, too!
and this one time, at plague camp
Our current plague is at least one driver in the uptick in unrest. Caused by shortages in supplies, the most susceptible groups within a society will get hit first by these shortages. As these shortages travel up the class hierarchy, the chance for unrest and destabilization in a society is increased. There is, therefore, no reason that plague, famine, and unrest couldn't happen at around the same time. This unrest and mass movement of people disrupts familial and societal constructs and can lead to armed conflict between displaced groups and between displaced groups and still standing polities.
About 4000 years ago our forefathers took over most of Europe from the earlier farmers from the middle east, plague might have played a role, because herding nomads from the Ukraine, the Indo Germanic tribes, probably had been in contact with plague carrying rodents, groundhogs, for centuries.. and had a higher survival rate.. they were mobile, had wagons, rode horses and had metal.. so technically they were better too.
An exceptionally comprehensive and insightful presentation. I'd assume that Dr. Hitchcock's laptop computer was on her lap, as there was a lot of camera movement. I found it disorienting. Perhaps in future interviews, she could place her computer on a more stable surface.
Are you suggesting that the good Professor has learned nothing from historical instability?
I'll do better next time :-)
Wow, that was...um... brief.
Article to come
A little off topic but: A good subject from ancient antiquity would be why ancient gods and creation myths are so weird? I can't imagine what kind of meanings these tales would have had for the ancients or how they would have related them to their lives. Many stories of gods and creation sound to me like someone describing a personal LSD trip.
As I listened to this video I was thinking of a goddess of smallpox in the ancient Near East. I think she must be completely deposed at this time. At least that one makes sense but a lot of other myths make no sense to me.
How are those any weirder than the current beliefs? They just had more gods for wanton destruction rather than a single god who would toss in some mischief to test people in their beliefs. The priesthood being the second eldest profession certainly explains a lot.
It is a good topic. I discussed this when I taught anthropology in Los Angeles. Most cultures have creation myths of some type to explain where they came from. As science provides more answers, the role of mythology decreases
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Clearly, bronze age politicians considered trade & commerce more important than public health.
I found it extremely interesting that while the Botai culture developed horse domestication, it was the Yamnaya culture that brought the horse to the rest of the world. This was after they decimated the Botai with plague. The 'then immune' Yamnaya steppe warriors proceeded to spread disease throughout the ancient world, finishing them off through conquest. I would think the Bronze Age Collapse was orchestrated much the same. Spread disease, then conquer the survivors and take their stuff.
As always I love your insights and I thank you for watching! Four more episodes relating to this are coming!
@@TheDeadlyDan That's certainly the case today. We hear from certain politicians that 'sacrificing' for the economy is vital to maintaining the stability of the country. 'Dying for the Dow' has become a recurring theme on social media.
There is some kind of plague in Egypt in Amenhotep 3. reign. And there is a lot of graves in Amarna, with very young people, in some graves there is more than one body. Thats Amenhotep 4. (Akhenaton). The egyptians at that time did not record bad events, so it must have been very severe to leave traces we can see today.
This is about 100 years before the bronze age collaps. Maybe it never stopped, maybe it just came back again and again.
If there was plague its best to search in densely populated regions! I suspect there was trade with near and far east for bronze. Look for plague in far and near east. Dense population to less dense population until R 0 becomes less tan than 1 when fire burns itselfout!
Older people, the experienced ones die, knowledge gets lost.
Plague is usually a regional thing, but even huge plagues would never account for a 300 year "Dark Age". Homer starting the illiad about the Daanan's having plague on their ships is an example of how common it was.
Actually, ships carry plague over distances, now planes do. There was no Dark Age: we are in the dark. There were smaller cities in Greece, iron technology appeared, new cultures appeared: Philistines, Israelites, Phoenicians; Cyprus hellenized; Assyria formed an Empire - not so dark
A very good discussion, other than her total misunderstanding of Trump's criticism of Black leadership.
It is strange when Trump associated rats with Baltimore, where when people think of rats they think of the Norwegian rat of New York City. That said, studies have shown that linking infestation and plague with the other(foreign invaders), triggers a level of disgust in the conservative mind. There was even a study which used a placebo of inoculation which alleviated this reaction in the amygdala of the participants. Interestingly enough, in the face of this current plague conservatives are quite vocal about not getting the vaccination, nor are they particularly worried about getting infected.
James - Exactly ! Elitist academics never fail to show their political bias. Such a great conversation up until that point.
There's one America , Trump is black leadership as well as all other ethnic groups that make America great , is he criticizing himself ?
@@erroljames849 Lets just say Trump projects more than a projector at a movie theatre.
@@buzz-es I'm not a Republican or a Democrat. Trump equating vermin, cities, and migrants is a fact. I can't stand Rahm Emanuel, but with regard to his observation that large cities are dominating global economies is interesting. I go where the story takes me.
Can anyone say RESET? These people are a little too excited about change
Im pretty sure the Greeks themselves thought they were products of a Dorian invasion way before there was any such thing as a German nationalist. Not saying it's real history. And anyway why would German nationalists want 'nordic' people to be responsible for the bronze age collapse? I would have liked her to take a minute and dismiss the Dorian invasion the Greeks wrote about a bit more thoroughly.
It's about creating a prestigious genealogy (like children of dictators being pictured with their parent dictators). The Dorians were probably already there as rural dwellers. We know them from their dialect
Yes. . Loveee it. Potent.
I am surprised that President Trump does not cite the Late Bronze Age collapse as justification for his protectionist policies
He probably thinks that the Bronze Age is a period of popular, shiny-brown, hair colouration.
I understand that history is not his strong suit.
I am not…what does he know about history..and anyway, he could not care.
Also what Status is that picture with guy with Spear who is that
Pharaoh's Medjay Warrior That my friend is the ancient goddess of war and wisdom, that led the greek to victory in Troy, watching over her city that still bears her name.
Athena, not a guy but Zeus' worst headache!
Are you referring to the Ingot God?
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There was a lot of “nationalist scholarship ” (i.e. phoney) in 19th and early 20th C Germany, peaking with the Nazis. The Germans greatly admired and envied the glory of Classical Greece, and tried to take credit for it, somehow, anyway they possibly could. They didn’t believe that present-day Greeks, whom they didn’t consider quite “Aryan enough”, are the descendants of that great period of Greek civilization, but DNA has proved that, indeed, they are. Their is a genetic continuum from the Minoans, to the Mycenaeans, to the Classical-age Greeks to the present Greeks. There are other genetic influences in the admixture, but none Germanic.
An intelligent discussion.
wonderful upload, thanks!
Hi Nick! Thank you!
As always it is a pleasure! I hope you are well!
Wait a sec. Then who are the Dorians, a complete myth? Now I'm really confused.
That's a great question. The ancient Greeks had a cultural memory called the "coming of the Dorians" or the "return of the Heracleids" that surely relates to something, but it's unclear whether it's for c. 2000 BC or c. 1200 BC.
Dorian dialects throughout Greece were interspersed with Ionian and Aeolian dialects. Map: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/AncientGreekDialects_%28Woodard%29_en.svg/800px-AncientGreekDialects_%28Woodard%29_en.svg.png
Dorian had ā where Ionian & Attic had ē. The word Dorian could be related to the Greek word for "wooden" or that for "gift."
They were probably the rural dwellers. Google Rebecca Futo Kennedy on this
The “Dorian Invasion” never happened, there was a known dialect shift in certain areas, but no evidence of invasion.
biblical plagues carrying the ark away sounds like a reference to the robing of the pharaohs tombs a much older reference written down centuries after the event
Actually, I said the Bible mentions the Philistines carrying the ark away: no evidence
Little mentioned is the adoption of iron working as a destabilizing factor at the end of the Bronze Age. My other destabilizing factor would be deforestation. Finding ship building timber was a challenge for the most recent wood based maritime empire, that of Great Britain. Seems the duration of the "Greek dark age" seems to be consistent with the time it takes for a forest of large trees to develop.
Deforestation was not a likely issue at that period yet. Population density was really low and much of the Western med was quite densely forested. It will however have been an important factor for the Phoenicians to have settled in the Lebanon with its famous cedar forests. Hittites had iron too I recall, so in that regard they should have been able to withstand that advantage. The point is that there is clearly a mass migration of numerous peoples going on. People in general are not all that willing to move en masse, so there must have been a need for that. Famine and ensuing plagues ravaging an undernourished population are quite likely.
First comes the Naue II sword, countered by iron weaponry. There was still enough wood (we know this from Assyrian reliefs, slag heaps in Cyprus and elsewhere, ship iconography)
miss you nick. rip.
I like vid till I heard Trump. Plus Dorian invasion has nothing to do with Germans. Was ancient. Beleath from Greeks.
Of course Dorians have nothing to do with Germans. However during the Nazi era German scholars claimed about every warrior thing they coud imagine were ancient Aryans and thus ancestors of Germans, and thus gave Germans right to conquer everything like they ancestors had.
Plus the Dorian invasion is literal fiction.
@@studyofantiquityandthemidd4449 It probably is literal fiction but it can't be dismissed by bringing up nazi germany historians when they were not the ones who made it up, the ancient greeks themselves made it up.
Yea modern politics should not be discussed in an ancient history channel i have seen more than one channel loose a lot of subscribers from such. Personally i don't like the man and he is always putting his foot in his mouth but he was duly elected. I am neither left or right but it is a shame the left will not accept him as POTUS but i can think of no better person to bring us out of our economic trouble! Like momma said if you can't say something nice say nothing at all.
Dorians were probably already in Greece. Re. the invasion, google Dorian invasion and Rebecca Futo Kennedy. Re. Trump, I was merely making an observation about him linking vermin, cities, and migrants. Make of it what you will
shes rockin a Muse shirt? niceee lol
Thanks for noticing! Now I feel like I always need to wear a rock shirt.
Historians who interject their personal politics and philosophies into lectures IMO are themselves a plague upon study of history. While I'm interested in this subject and there was a lot of good information to be found in the interview, Dr. Hitchcock's injection of current politics leaves me with doubts, could she also have projected her political views into her analysis of collected data? Whenever a historian starts down the rabbit hole of linking long past tragedies to their opinions on current events and political figures, I stop listening to them. I subscribe to this channel to hear about Ancient and Medieval History not modern politics.
The point is to show history is cyclical. I would make similar comments about any party.
History repeats. Personally I’m a libertarian but my analysis strives to be non partisan
"We are like a chain...only as strong as the weakest link." -Dr. L. A. Hitchcock
WHY NOT.
If there was a famine, natural disaster, desperate people would take to pirate activity to eat or peasant revolting, and if people are fleeing famine or pirating about, they are exposing themselves to new pathogens and disease is likely to spread and happen. I go for the "a little of everything" theory, but likely kicked off by a weather event or natural disaster.
Also, with a famine? Weakened immune systems.
👍
Germans, Greeks and Dorians all have a common origin, Japheth.
It's funny hearing Wuhan talked about like it was the Bubonic plague or AIDS.
Loved this. I agree I see all the signs of the next peasant revolt
An episode on the Peasant revolt theory will be coming soon!
Cutting down Trees 🌲🌲🌲🌲around are world from forests 🌳 to woodlands 🌳are releasing Carbon that the trees 🌲 have collect for years back into the Atmosphere and logging is cutting far quicker than planting around the world and adult trees 🌲 that take 45 years to grow that store more toxins and carbon than new planted trees does and If the logging continues to carry on then the weathers around are world will become a lot hotter and very aggressive storms will become life threatening for humans just because humans can’t stop eating massive amounts of meat 🥩 just because jobs and money are more important than life itself .
PLEASE SAY NO TO LOGGING and help protect the trees and the wildlife habitats that are so important to the world we live in and also PLEASE SAY NO TO BIOMASS ENERGY that creates even more carbon dioxide that companies that produce this tell there people and workers it’s safer when it’s not and it also takes up massive amounts of land just like the food for beef industry does .
Any company that’s harming an environment and destroying wildlife habitats like oil drilling - fossil fuels - fracking - biomass - farming - logging - illegal animal trading - elephants and rhinos killing for there horns and ivory etc would tell lies to keep there greedy money rolling in history has proven time after time that theses companies are destroying lands wildlife extinction and environmental loss .
Maybe the Sea People can find a cure for corona virus!?
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If there is one thing that is badly needed right now it is a complete collapse of the social structure we currently live under, which is so imbalanced with the elites hoarding of wealth. This information gives me hope for the future of our world and points to a change for the betterment of all.
Maybe but remember you are a piece of that social structure, that you're entangled in it and there will be no smooth transition whatsoever. It'll be extremely harsh, cruel, violent and unpredictable. So be careful what you wish for.
I think that this video is too expeculative.
This is what historians do, but we try to provide reasons. Feel free to suggest a better scenario.
Great this Area need to be look at more I Suggest they do more Digging in the Sands and Grounds of Africa it's always a Answers to your Questions just look alittle Closer an you will see what really happened during those times dig dig and dig and the under water of Nile I believe in the Land's proof is in the Afrocan Land's
I work in Greece, Cyprus, and Philistia. I'll leave Egypt to the Egyptologists
Could do without the nutty comments about Trump.
Couldn’t leave politics out of it could you? Shame on your bias. Did it ever occur to you that the social and economic stressors of 3500 years ago might not be transferable or understandable by modern humans. Sometimes I think your worldview is clouding your objectivity.
Lol what a hack academic ,,,please talk more about Trump re Sea Peoples,,,,lol
Trump never said that !
It's well documented: www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/07/29/trump-baltimore-infest-tweet-cummings-racist-227485
Opinions and recapping of the obvious, without facts. Not a good interview. And the gratuitous insult to 75 million Americans at the end doesn't belong on a good history channel.
Modern politics should not be discussed in an ancient history channel i have seen more than one channel loose a lot of subscribers from such. Personally i don't like the man and he is always putting his foot in his mouth but he was duly elected. I am neither left or right but it is a shame the left will not accept him as POTUS but i can think of no better person to bring us out of our economic trouble! Like momma said if you can't say something nice say nothing at all.
Making an observation is not taking a political stand. Everything is political.
@@ashlarblocks All i was saying was i have seen youtube channels take a big hit and loose nearly half of thair subscribers over politics.
@@lambastepirate well, that’s very sad. I studied political theory as an undergraduate which meant studying libertarianism, Marxism, Conservativism, progressivism. If ones beliefs are solid, being exposed to different ideas shouldn’t cause harm
@@ashlarblocks It is sad but true I seen 3 channels lose half thair subscribers over politics